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• Building a distributed system on Amazon Web Services

  - by Songo

  Would simply using AWS to build an application make this application a distributed system? For example if someone uses RDS for the database server, EC2 for the application itself and S3 for hosting user uploaded media, does that make it a distributed system? If not, then what should it be called and what is this application lacking for it to be distributed? Update Here is my take on the application to clarify my approach to building the system: The application I'm building is a social game for Facebook. I developed the application locally on a LAMP stack using Symfony2. For production I used an a single EC2 Micro instance for hosting the app itself, RDS for hosting my database, S3 for the user uploaded files and CloudFront for hosting static content. I know this may sound like a naive approach, so don't be shy to express your ideas.

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• Red Hat Extends Linux Subscriptions to Cloud Computing

  Red Hat Cloud Access extends Linux subscription model for cloud computing deployments on Amazon EC2.

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• How to estimate what kind of server resources you will require at launch?

  - by Anonymous -

  How can I go about/what is the best way of estimating what kind of server resources I will require at the launch of a new project. Let's say for instance I'd gathered 10k users email addresses that opted-in to be informed when we launch. I didn't really want to go for a cloud solution at the moment. Should I just get a reasonably-specced dedicated server and go from there, or should I be looking at services like Amazon EC2? Or should I start out with EC2 for the fully-flexible resources, then once things stabilize I'll be able to sort a fixed hosting deal that is adequate elsewhere? Sub-question: What's a good way of estimating what load a particular application will place on the server per user?

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• How to push changes from Test server to Live server?

  - by anonymous

  As a beginner, I finally noticed the issue with making changes to the live server I've been working on, now that I have a couple users on it, since I bring it down so often. I created an EC2 image of my live server and set up a separate instance on EC2, so now I have 2 EC2 instances, Stage and Production. I set up GitHub and push changes to stage and test my code there, and when it's all done and working, I push it to the production branch, and everything is good. And there is a slight issue here since I name my files config_stage.js and config_production.js and set up .gitignore on each server, and in my code, I would have it read the ENV flags and set up the appropriate configs, is this the correct approach? And my main question is: how do you keep track of non-code changes to the server? For example, I installed HAProxy, Stunnel, Redis, MongoDB and several other things onto the Stage server for testing and now that it's all working and good, how do I deploy them to production? Right now, I'm just keeping track of everything I installed and copying configuration files over, which is very tedious and I'm afraid I may have missed a step somewhere. Is there a better way to port these changes over from my test server to my live server?

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• Cannot upload files bigger than 8GB to Amazon S3 by multi-part upload due to broken pipe

  - by spencerho

  I implemented S3 multi-part upload, both high level and low level version, based on the sample code from http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/index.html?HLuploadFileJava.html and http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/index.html?llJavaUploadFile.html When I uploaded files of size less than 4 GB, the upload processes completed without any problem. When I uploaded a file of size 13 GB, the code started to show IO exception, broken pipes. After retries, it still failed. Here is the way to repeat the scenario. Take 1.1.7.1 release, create a new bucket in US standard region create a large EC2 instance as the client to upload file create a file of 13GB in size on the EC2 instance. run the sample code on either one of the high-level or low-level API S3 documentation pages from the EC2 instance test either one of the three part size: default part size (5 MB) or set the part size to 100,000,000 or 200,000,000 bytes. So far the problem shows up consistently. I attached here a tcpdump file for you to compare. In there, the host on the S3 side kept resetting the socket.

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• How to replicate a windows servers (IIS,Files,ConfigurationState)?

  - by Geo

  Maybe a better question is: What is the closest competitor for DoubleTake? I am looking to replicate a windows production server in case it fails have a immediate backup. Any idead? NOTE 1: I forget to add that this server is on the EC2 Amazon Cloud. NOTE 2: The main situation we have is recreating the configuration settings like IIS, FTP Server, SQL Server, SVN Server. NOTE 3: So far I have been giving three options as answers for my original question: AppAssurance -- After talking to their sales team they do not support Amazon as cloud provider. Basically there is a technical need to be able to reboot from a disk or similar media. So ESX Virtual machine environment will work, but not the EC2. Acronis -- which works as a backup in ghost style. This will work for other type of scenarios. Use the Amazon EC2 API -- This option is ideal, but only works if you are developing a cloud application rather than hosting a regular application in a cloud scenario. This means that I am still looking for the answer. Any other ideas.

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• Cronjob not Running

  - by Pete Herbert Penito

  I have a bash script that looks like this: #!/bin/sh PID=`ps faux | grep libt | awk 'NR==2{print $2}'` STATUS=`ps faux | grep libt | awk 'NR==2{print $1}'` if [ "$STATUS" = "ec2-user" ]; then echo "libt already killed" else sudo kill $PID echo "libt was killed" fi sleep 5 cd /home/ec2-user/libt sudo ./libt I have saved this file as restart.sh and when I run it like ./restart.sh, it does what its supposed to (kills the libt process and restarts it). However, now I am trying to automate the process by using cron. So I made a cron job that I want to run every 6 hours that looks like this 0 */6 * * * /home/ec2-user/restart.sh When I run "crontab -l" I can see this print so I know it's been added properly. I should mention that the service does not have the ability to be restarted, (like "service ... restart") the process ID needs to be found, killed and then the start script needs to be ran. I have found that this cronjob is not working, I'll log onto the box and I can tell by looking at the logs that no restart has occurred. What am I doing wrong? What can I do to troubleshoot? Any advice would help, this is my first cron job :) Thanks!

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• postfix test and configuration problem

  - by Woho87

  Hi Guys! I installed postfix using sudo yum install postfix postfix-mysql. I'm newbie to mail systems, but I have one AMAZON EC2 instance with a public DNS. I used the public DNS in most cases, when I configured the file main.cf. The public DNS I have is from amazon and it is a long string(ec2-123-34-234-677.....amazon.com). // I configured this on main.cf. I replaced example.com with ec2-123-.......amazon.com myhostname = mail.example.com mydomain = example.com myorigin = $mydomain mydestination = example.com, $transport_maps local_recipient_maps = $alias_maps $virtual_mailbox_maps unix:passwd.byname home_mailbox = Maildir/ How do I test postfix? I just want it to send emails for my web application. I tried to test it with >telnet localhost 25 after I typed in SSH >sudo postfix start. but I recieve the message that telnet command can not be found. I also use the Amazon linux distribution if you want to know. I use it because it is free. What have I done wrong? Are there anymore configurations required pls help!

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• How to push changes from Test server to Live server?

  - by anonymous

  As a beginner, I finally noticed the issue with making changes to the live server I've been working on, now that I have a couple users on it, since I bring it down so often. I created an EC2 image of my live server and set up a separate instance on EC2, so now I have 2 EC2 instances, Stage and Production. I set up GitHub and push changes to stage and test my code there, and when it's all done and working, I push it to the production branch, and everything is good. And there is a slight issue here since I name my files config_stage.js and config_production.js and set up .gitignore on each server, and in my code, I would have it read the ENV flags and set up the appropriate configs, is this the correct approach? And my main question is: how do you keep track of non-code changes to the server? For example, I installed HAProxy, Stunnel, Redis, MongoDB and several other things onto the Stage server for testing and now that it's all working and good, how do I deploy them to production? Right now, I'm just keeping track of everything I installed and copying configuration files over, which is very tedious and I'm afraid I may have missed a step somewhere. Is there a better way to port these changes over from my test server to my live server?

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• capistrano initial deployment

  - by Richard G

  I'm trying to set up Capistrano to deploy to an AWS box. This is the first time I've tried to set this up, so please bear with me. Could someone take a look at this and let me know if you can solve this error? The output below is the deploy.rb file, and it's output when it runs. set :application, "apparel1" set :repository, "git://github.com/rgilling/GroceryRun.git" set :scm, :git set :user, "ubuntu" set :scm_passphrase, "pre5ence" # Or: `accurev`, `bzr`, `cvs`, `darcs`, `git`, `mercurial`, `perforce`, `subversion` or `none` ssh_options[:keys] = ["/Users/rgilling/Documents/Projects/Apparel1/abesakey.pem"] ssh_options[:forward_agent] = true set :location, "ec2-107-22-27-42.compute-1.amazonaws.com" role :web, location # Your HTTP server, Apache/etc role :app, location # This may be the same as your `Web` server role :db, location, :primary => true # This is where Rails migrations will run set :deploy_to, "/var/www/#{application}" set :deploy_via, :remote_cache set :use_sudo, true # if you want to clean up old releases on each deploy uncomment this: # after "deploy:restart", "deploy:cleanup" # if you're still using the script/reaper helper you will need # these http://github.com/rails/irs_process_scripts # If you are using Passenger mod_rails uncomment this: namespace :deploy do task :start do ; end task :stop do ; end task :restart, :roles => :app, :except => { :no_release => true } do run "#{try_sudo} touch #{File.join(current_path,'tmp','restart.txt')}" end end Then the execution results in this permission error. I think I"ve set up the SSH etc. correctly... updating the cached checkout on all servers executing locally: "git ls-remote git://github.com/rgilling/GroceryRun.git HEAD" command finished in 1294ms * executing "if [ -d /var/www/apparel1/shared/cached-copy ]; then cd /var/www/apparel1/shared/cached-copy && git fetch -q origin && git fetch --tags -q origin && git reset -q --hard f35dc5868b52649eea86816d536d5db8c915856e && git clean -q -d -x -f; else git clone -q git://github.com/rgilling/GroceryRun.git /var/www/apparel1/shared/cached-copy && cd /var/www/apparel1/shared/cached-copy && git checkout -q -b deploy f35dc5868b52649eea86816d536d5db8c915856e; fi" servers: ["ec2-107-22-27-42.compute-1.amazonaws.com"] [ec2-107-22-27-42.compute-1.amazonaws.com] executing command ** **[ec2-107-22-27-42.compute-1.amazonaws.com :: err] error: cannot open .git/FETCH_HEAD: Permission denied**

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• Update RDS db via mysqlbinlog: "you need (at least one of) the SUPER privilege(s)"

  - by timoxley

  We are moving a production site to EC2/RDS Followed these instructions: http://geehwan.posterous.com/moving-a-production-mysql-database-to-amazon I have set up row-based binary logging on the production server did a: mysqldump --single-transaction --master-data=2 -C -q -u root -p backup.sql then imported to RDS instance. No dramas. Due to the size of the db, and minimal downtime requirements, I've got to update the ec2 db to the latest datas via the binlogs, and it won't let me. mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000004 --start-position=360812488 | mysql -uroot -p -h and it says: ERROR 1227 (42000) at line 6: Access denied; you need (at least one of) the SUPER privilege(s) for this operation My guess, based on what is on line 6 of the binlog, is that it's the 'write to the BINLOG' statements in the SQL backup, and because RDS doesn't support this, it can't run these statements, or something, I don't really know. Please help.

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• Stop Zabbix notification for nodes under zabbix-proxy when proxy service is down

  - by A_01

  I have a zabbix-proxy and 12 nodes in that proxy. Right now whenever proxy service goes down. It send out of reach mail for all the 12 nodes. I want to send mail only for the zabbix proxy not for the nodes under that proxy Updated: Now I am trying to have a single trigger in which I want to check both the conditions like 1-check zabbix-host is not accessble from past x minutes. 2-check the host is not giving any data to the proxy(Host is down). Not the trigger should start shouting onle when we have condition in which proxy is running and node is down. I tried the below but its not working for me. Can some please help me out in this ({ip-10-4-1-17.ec2.internal:agent.ping.nodata(2m)}=1) & ({ip-10-4-1- 17.ec2.internal:zabbix[proxy,zabbixproxy.dev-test.com,lastaccess].fu??zzytime(120)}=1)

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• “Disk /dev/xvda1 doesn't contain a valid partition table”

  - by Simpanoz

  Iam newbie to EC2 and Ubuntu 11 (EC2 Free tier Ubuntu). I have made following commands. sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/xvdf6 sudo mkdir /db sudo vim /etc/fstab /dev/xvdf6 /db ext4 noatime,noexec,nodiratime 0 0 sudo mount /dev/xvdf6 /db fdisk -l I got following output. Can some one guide me what I am doing wrong and how it can be rectified. Disk /dev/xvda1: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders, total 16777216 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/xvda1 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/xvdf6: 6442 MB, 6442450944 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 783 cylinders, total 12582912 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/xvdf6 doesn't contain a valid partition table.

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• Mail Server using Postfix

  - by unknown (google)

  I have currently set up my web application on Amazon EC2 server. As a well known fact sending email from EC2 has a problem. As a cheap and long lasting solution instead of using "authsmtp" is it possible to rent a server and use it as a Mail Server? I am currently looking for cheap hosting which will give me root access so that it can be configured and used as a relayhost. I am curently using Postfix as MTA. Has any one implemented this before? I am curious about its feasibility of this solution. I guess common requirements are: Dedicated IP which is not black listed Open relay( open to my Server only) Any Tips for Header configurations to keep the mails out of spam folder. This is like exactly cloning authsmtp for personal use. Any suggestions for other Mail Server software instead of Postfix?

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• AWS SSL Load Balancer

  - by Jay Francis

  OK, I am looking for some pointers. Basically I have a white-label app/site that will allow users to setup their own domain to use for their customer front-end. We have 2 dedicated servers and a load balancer. The problem is SSL, we were thinking about using AWS ELB to handle the SSL loadbalancing, but cant seem to figure out if it will properly handle it, it seems to be setup to work with EC2 instances, but we are using externally hosted servers via a loadbalancer. A blog post by AWS looks similar to what we need but it only seems to work with EC2 instances. http://aws.typepad.com/aws/2011/08/elastic-load-balancer-ssl-support-options.html Anyone had experience setting ELS SSL load balancers up to work with external servers?

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• Having many subdomains with SSL--best practices?

  - by jnunn

  I have a site that has many subdomains (one for each client). The content for each subdomain will be different, pulling different data, different layouts etc, so I don't think I can just alias one directory to many different sub domains. My question is, what's the best practice for doing this? Each subdomain will need SSL. My setup is Amazon EC2 (ubuntu) Wildcard SSL for my domain (*.mydomain.com) Apache 2 PHP (LAMP) Currently, I'm just creating a new entry into "/etc/hosts" and an appropriate spot in the web root (ie /var/www/abc.mydomain.com, /var/www/def.mydomain.com, etc). I've just discovered that I'll need a unique IP for each subdomain, and that's tricky with EC2 as they limit you to the number you can have (unless you jump through some hoops). Right now I have about 10 subdomains, which is manageable, but theoretically I could have thousands. Am I doing it the only way possible or is there a better way I should investigate?

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• PostgresQL on Amazon EBS volume, realistic performance, or move to something more lightweight?

  - by Peck

  Hi, I'm working on a little research project, currently running as an instance on ec2, and I'm hoping to figure out whether I'm going down the right path. We, like a thousand other people, are making use of some of twitters streaming feeds to do gather some data to have fun with and my db seems to be having problems keeping up, and queries take what seems to be a very long time. I'm not a DBA by trade, so I'll just dump some info here and add more if need be. System specs: ec2 xl, 15 gigs of ram ebs: 4 100 gb drives, raid 0. The stream we're getting we're looking at around 10k inserts per minute. 3 main tables, with the users we're tracking somewhere in the neighborhood of 26M rows currently. Is this amount of inserts on this hardware too much to ask out of ebs? Should take a look at some things with less overhead like mongodb?

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• Redirect some URL requests to CloudFront and the rest direct to the normal server?

  - by indiehacker

  Say I have two types of URL requests that must be handled by my REST API: http://query.restapi.com/image.png?apikey=abc123 http://query.restapi.com/2.0/<apiKey>/resource.json?from=umi.us_census00.state_geometry Is it possible to redirect only some URL requests for static images (ie., regex: *.png?.*) to take advantage of CloudFront's caching and have the rest of the requests go directly to the normal EC2 server (or at least take a speedier indirect route to the normal EC2 server?). Perhaps the added request time for the misses to CloudFront is irrelevant to worry about? Or perhaps my situation is not best to use for CloudFront? I understand I will need to make DNS change where the current URL requests having http://query.restapi.com/some.png?apikey=0123 get redirected to http://d1234.cloudfront.net/some.png, but I am hoping there is some way for just redirecting static .png requests to take advantage of CloudFront?

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• Upgrading Fedora on Amazon to 12 but getting libssl.so.* & libcrypto.so.* are missing

  - by bateman_ap

  I am upgrading to Fedora 12 on a Amazon EC2 using help here: http://www.ioncannon.net/system-administration/894/fedora-12-bootable-root-ebs-on-ec2/ I managed to do a 64 bit instance OK, however facing some problems with a standard one. On the final bit of the install from 11 to 12 I am getting an error: Error: Missing Dependency: libcrypto.so.8 is needed by package httpd-tools-2.2.1.5-1.fc11.1.i586 (installed) Error: Missing Dependency: libssl.so.8 is needed by package httpd-tools-2.2.1.5-1.fc11.1.i586 (installed) This is referenced in the comments from the link above but all it says is: Q: Apache failed, or libssl.so.* & libcrypto.so.* are missing A: These versions are mssing the symlinks they require. Easy fix, go symlink them to the newest versions in /lib However I am afraid I don't know how to do this. If it is any help I tried running the command locate libssl.so and got: /lib/libssl.so.0.9.8b /lib/libssl.so.6

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• Configuring vsftpd with nginx on ubuntu

  - by arby

  I have vsftpd installed on Ubuntu 12.04LTS along with nginx, php, and sql on an Amazon ec2 instance. The web server is good to go, but I'm having trouble connecting to the FTP server. I'm not quite sure how to set the privileges or what configuration options I might be missing. By default, the location of the web root is at /usr/share/nginx/www and it is owned by root:root. The web server runs as user www-data in the group www-data. I've opened port 21 and set the passive ports in the ec2 backend and ufw firewall. In vsftpd.conf, I have: ... anonymous_enable=NO local_enable=YES local_umask=0027 chroot_local_user=YES pasv_enable=YES pas_max_port=12100 pasv_min_port=12000 port_enable=YES ... Now, I'm unsure how to create the FTP user that when I login, displays my web directory with write access. I've tried it a few different ways, but I keep running into errors (either no connection, no write access, or very slow timeouts.)

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• Cloud services, Public IPs and SIP

  - by Guido N

  I'm trying to run a custom SIP software (which uses JAIN SIP 1.2) on a cloud box. What I'd really like is to have a real public IP aka which is listed by "ifconfig -a" command. This is because atm I don't want to write additional SIP code / add a SIP proxy in order to manage private IP addresses / address translation. I gave Amazon EC2 a go, but as reported here http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10013549/sip-and-ec2-elastic-ips it's not fit for purpose (they do a 1:1 NAT translation between the private IP of the box and its Elastic IP). Does anyone know of a cloud service that provides real static public IP addresses?

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• rsync does't work

  - by jspooner

  I set up a new ec2 ubuntu server and I'm unable to use rsync to push a file up. I can ssh to the machine with my keypair. I'm not sure why this looks like it works but finishes in half a second and there is nothing in /home/ubuntu on the server. ? ~ rsync -av -i ~/.ec2/my-keypair ~/Downloads/pushcom.2012-06-26T01-10-04.gz [email protected] building file list ... done >f..t.... gsg-keypair >f..t.... pushwoodcom.2012-06-26T01-10-04.gz sent 3624 bytes received 64 bytes 7376.00 bytes/sec total size is 3392 speedup is 0.92 I've tried 50 different ways of the rsync command but I can't get anything to work. Please help! Thanks

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• Changing path to basedir of mysql

  - by shantanuo

  When-ever I need to start mysql from command line, I need to cd to the base directory and then use mysql command as shown below: # cd /home/ec2-user/percona-5.5.30-tokudb-7.0.1-fedora-x86_64/ # ./bin/mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 mysql> How do I start mysql simply by typing "mysql" at command prompt? I tried to export the path but it did not work. export path=$PATH:/home/ec2-user/percona-5.5.30-tokudb-7.0.1-fedora-x86_64/bin/

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• AWS VPC - why have a private subnet at all?

  - by jkim

  In Amazon VPC, the VPC creation wizard allows one to create a single "public subnet" or have the wizard create a "public subnet" and a "private subnet". Initially, the public and private subnet option seemed good for security reasons, allowing webservers to be put in the public subnet and database servers to go in the private subnet. But I've since learned that EC2 instances in the public subnet are not reachable from the Internet unless you associate an Amazon ElasticIP with the EC2 instance. So it seems with just a single public subnet configuration, one could just opt to not associate an ElasticIP with the database servers and end up with the same sort of security. Can anyone explain the advantages of a public + private subnet configuration? Are the advantages of this config more to do with auto-scaling, or is it actually less secure to have a single public subnet?

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• High Availability Clustering and Virtualization

  - by tmcallaghan

  I'm trying to understand how the various virtualization vendors (specifically Amazon EC2, but also VMware and Xen) enable software vendors to provide a real HA solution in the environment where the servers are virtualized. Specifically, if I'm running any HA application (exchange, databases, etc) I need to ensure that my redundant virtual "servers" aren't located on the same physical server. Using in-house virtualization solutions (VMware, Xen, etc) I can provision accordingly as well as check the virtual - physical arrangement. I could, however, accidentally "vmotion" to the same physical hardware. With EC2, I don't even have the ability at provision time to select different physical servers. Since their Cluster Compute Instances are 1 virtual server per physical server it seems to be the only way to guarantee I don't have a false sense of redundancy. Any ideas or thoughts would be helpful. What are others doing about this problem? If the vendors provided an API where I could get something as simple as a unique physical system identifier I could at least know if I'm going to have an issue. -Tim

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