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• A feeling that I'm not that good developer

  - by Karim

  Hi, Im having a strange feeling, but let me first introduce myself as a software developer. I started to program when I was still a kid, I had about 10 or 11 years. I really enjoy my work and never get bored from it. It's amazing how somebody could be paid for what he really likes to do and would be doing it anyway even for free. WHen I first started to program, I was feeling proud of what I was doing, each application I built was for me a success and after 2-3 year I had a feeling that I'm a coding guru. It was a nice feeling ;-) But the more I was in the field, the more types of software I started to develop I was starting to have a feeling that I'm completely wrong in that I'm guru. I felt that I'm not even a mediocre developer. Each new field I start to work on is giving me this feeling. Like when I once developed a device driver for a client, I saw how much I need to learn about device drivers. When I developed a video filter for an application, I saw how much do I still need to learn about DirectShow, Color Spaces, and all the theory behind that. The worst thing was when I started to learn algorithms. It was several years ago. I knew then the basic structures and algorithms like the sorting, some types of trees, some hashtables, strings etc.. and when I really wanted to learn a group of structures I learned about 5-6 new types and saw that in fact even this small group has several hundred subtypes of structures. It's depressing how little time people have in their lives to learn all this stuff. I'm now a software developer with about 10 years of experience and I still feel that I'm not a proficient developer when I think about things that others do in the industry. Is this normal what I'm experiencing or is it a sign of a destructive excessive ambition? Thanks in advance for any comments.

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• Matlab matrix translation and rotation multiple times

  - by pinnacler

  I have a map of individual trees from a forest stored as x,y points in a matrix. I call it fixedPositions. It's cartesian and (0,0) is the origin. I would like 0/360 degrees to be the top of the screen and 90 degrees to be to the right. Given a velocity and a heading, i.e. .5 m/s and 60 degrees (2 o'clock equivalent on a watch), how do I rotate that x,y points, so that the new origin is centered at (.5cos(60),.5sin(60)) and 60 degrees is now at the top of the screen? Then if I were to give you another heading and speed, i.e. 0 degrees and 2m/s, it should calculate it from the last point, not the original fixedPositions origin. I've wasted my day trying to figure this out. I wish I took matrix algebra but I'm at a loss. I tried doing cos(30) and even those wouldn't compute correctly, which after an hour I realize were in radians.

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• Permuting a binary tree without the use of lists

  - by Banang

  I need to find an algorithm for generating every possible permutation of a binary tree, and need to do so without using lists (this is because the tree itself carries semantics and restraints that cannot be translated into lists). I've found an algorithm that works for trees with the height of three or less, but whenever I get to greater hights, I loose one set of possible permutations per height added. Each node carries information about its original state, so that one node can determine if all possible permutations have been tried for that node. Also, the node carries information on weather or not it's been 'swapped', i.e. if it has seen all possible permutations of it's subtree. The tree is left-centered, meaning that the right node should always (except in some cases that I don't need to cover for this algorithm) be a leaf node, while the left node is always either a leaf or a branch. The algorithm I'm using at the moment can be described sort of like this: if the left child node has been swapped swap my right node with the left child nodes right node set the left child node as 'unswapped' if the current node is back to its original state swap my right node with the lowest left nodes' right node swap the lowest left nodes two childnodes set my left node as 'unswapped' set my left chilnode to use this as it's original state set this node as swapped return null return this; else if the left child has not been swapped if the result of trying to permute left child is null return the permutation of this node else return the permutation of the left child node if this node has a left node and a right node that are both leaves swap them set this node to be 'swapped' The desired behaviour of the algoritm would be something like this: branch / | branch 3 / | branch 2 / | 0 1 branch / | branch 3 / | branch 2 / | 1 0 <-- first swap branch / | branch 3 / | branch 1 <-- second swap / | 2 0 branch / | branch 3 / | branch 1 / | 0 2 <-- third swap branch / | branch 3 / | branch 0 <-- fourth swap / | 1 2 and so on... Sorry for the ridiculisly long and waddly explanation, would really, really apreciate any sort of help you guys could offer me. Thanks a bunch!

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• Using ADO.NET Entities LINQ Provider to model complex SQL Queries?

  - by Ivan Zlatanov

  What I find really powerful in ADO.NET Entities or LINQ to SQL, is the ability to model complex queries. I really don't need the mappings that Entities or LINQ to SQL are doing for me - I just need the ability to model complex expressions that can be translated into T-SQL. My question is - am I abusing too much? Can I use the Entity Framework for modeling queries and just that? Should I? I know I can write my own custom LINQ to SQL provider, but that is just not possible to handle in the time spans I have. What is the best approach to model complex T-SQL queries? How do you handle conditional group byes, orders, joins, unions etc in the OOP world? Using StringBuilders for this kind of job feels too ugly and harder to maintain given the possibilities we have with Expression Trees. When I use StringBuilder to model a complex SQL Query I feel kind of guilty! I feel the same way as when I have to hard code any number into my code that is different than 0 or 1. Feeling that makes you ask yourself if there is a better and cleaner way of doing it... I must mention that I am using C# 4.0, but I am not specifically looking for an answer in this language, but rather in the domain of CLR 4.

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• Why can't RB-Tree be a list?

  - by Alex

  Hey everyone. I have a problem with the rb-trees. according to wikipedia, rb-tree needs to follow the following: A node is either red or black. The root is black. (This rule is used in some definitions and not others. Since the root can always be changed from red to black but not necessarily vice-versa this rule has little effect on analysis.) All leaves are black. Both children of every red node are black. Every simple path from a given node to any of its descendant leaves contains the same number of black nodes. As we know, an rb-tree needs to be balanced and has the height of O(log(n)). But, if we insert an increasing series of numbers (1,2,3,4,5...) and theoretically we will get a tree that will look like a list and will have the height of O(n) with all its nodes black, which doesn't contradict the rb-tree properties mentioned above. So, where am I wrong?? thanks.

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• Generics vs inheritance (when no collection classes are involved)

  - by Ram

  This is an extension of this questionand probably might even be a duplicate of some other question(If so, please forgive me). I see from MSDN that generics are usually used with collections The most common use for generic classes is with collections like linked lists, hash tables, stacks, queues, trees and so on where operations such as adding and removing items from the collection are performed in much the same way regardless of the type of data being stored. The examples I have seen also validate the above statement. Can someone give a valid use of generics in a real-life scenario which does not involve any collections ? Pedantically, I was thinking about making an example which does not involve collections public class Animal<T> { public void Speak() { Console.WriteLine("I am an Animal and my type is " + typeof(T).ToString()); } public void Eat() { //Eat food } } public class Dog { public void WhoAmI() { Console.WriteLine(this.GetType().ToString()); } } and "An Animal of type Dog" will be Animal<Dog> magic = new Animal<Dog>(); It is entirely possible to have Dog getting inherited from Animal (Assuming a non-generic version of Animal)Dog:Animal Therefore Dog is an Animal Another example I was thinking was a BankAccount. It can be BankAccount<Checking>,BankAccount<Savings>. This can very well be Checking:BankAccount and Savings:BankAccount. Are there any best practices to determine if we should go with generics or with inheritance ?

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• Sharing same vector control between different places

  - by Alexander K

  Hi everyone, I'm trying to implement the following: I have an Items Manager, that has an Item class inside. Item class can store two possible visual representations of it - BitmapImage(bitmap) and UserControl(vector). Then later, in the game, I need to share the same image or vector control between all possible places it takes place. For example, consider 10 trees on the map, and all point to the same vector control. Or in some cases this can be bitmap image source. So, the problem is that BitmapImage source can be easily shared in the application by multiple UIElements. However, when I try to share vector control, it fails, and says Child Element is already a Child element of another control. I want to know how to organize this in the best way. For example replace UserControl with other type of control, or storage, however I need to be sure it supports Storyboard animations inside. The code looks like this: if (bi.item.BitmapSource != null) { Image previewImage = new Image(); previewImage.Source = bi.item.BitmapSource; itemPane.ItemPreviewCanvas.Children.Add(previewImage); } else if (bi.item.VectorSource != null) { UserControl previewControl = bi.item.VectorSource; itemPane.ItemPreviewCanvas.Children.Add(previewControl); } Thanks in advance

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• Android - Adding external library to project

  - by mmontalbo

  Hi, I am having a lot of trouble adding the WEKA library to a project I am working on. I have followed several tutorials that explain how to do this including the Android Developers guide: http://developer.android.com/guide/appendix/faq/commontasks.html#addexternallibrary and several of the postings on SO. I have created a folder in my project with the weka.jar file, created a new library (adding the weka.jar file to the library) and included this library in my build path. I have also added the library under the "Order and Export" tab in the project properties. I have also tried importing the jar file so that the actual contents of the jar are extracted into a directory in my project. The end result of all of this is that my project is able to build correctly and without error, but when it comes time to run my code on the emulator I get the following exception: 04-10 22:52:21.051: ERROR/dalvikvm(582): Could not find class 'weka.classifiers.trees.J48', referenced from method edu.usc.student.composure.classifier.GaitClassifierImpl. with J48 being the class I reference in my code. Does anyone have any additional suggestions that I may have overlooked? Thanks!

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• Help me understand WebDAV and Autoversioning

  - by Malfist

  I just read the WebDAV Appendex in the O'Reilly Subversion book. I don't quite understand it. It talked about users being able to "mount" WebDAV directories (trees) and manipulate the files like they would normally and on saves the server would automagically create a new revision. The way it explained it, it sounded like it would work for any program, but then at the end of the appendix, it listed a series of programs that worked with WebDAV servers, which leads me to think that maybe it doesn't work like it originally described it. My question is this: How exactly do you interact with a WebDAV repository? Can I do this for example: Copy a file locally via ftp, edit it with notepad++, and then upload it via ftp to the server and have the server do a commit and create a new revision with the file I just edited and uploaded. Also, if that is possible, what happens if two people edit the file locally (on their machines) and uploaded two reversions to the server? With webDAV will I be able to replace Dreamweaver's "Oops, someone edited this before you" with simple ftp uploads and subversion conflict resolutions?

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• WPF tree data binding model & repository

  - by Am

  Hi, I have a well defined tree repository. Where I can rename items, move them up, down, etc. Add new and delete. The data is stored in a table as follows: Index Parent Label Left Right 1 0 root 1 14 2 1 food 2 7 3 2 cake 3 4 4 2 pie 5 6 5 1 flowers 8 13 6 5 roses 9 10 7 5 violets 11 12 Representing the following tree: (1) root (14) (2) food (7) (8) flowers (13) (3) cake (4) (5) pie (6) (9) roeses (10) (11) violets (12) or root food cake pie flowers roses violets Now, my problem is how to represent this in a bindable way, so that a TreeView can handle all the possible data changes? Renaming is easy, all I need is to make the label an updatble field. But what if a user moves flowers above food? I can make the relevant data changes, but they cause a complete data change to all other items in the tree. And all the examples I found of bindable hierarchies are good for non static trees.. So my current (and bad) solution is to reload the displayed tree after relocation change. Any direction will be good. Thanks

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• How to understand existing projects

  - by John

  Hi. I am a trainee developer and have been writing .NET applications for about a year now. Most of the work I have done has involved building new applications (mainly web apps) from scratch and I have been given more or less full control over the software design. This has been a great experience however, as a trainee developer my confidence about whether the approaches I have taken are the best is minimal. Ideally I would love to collaborate with more experienced developers (I find this the best was I learn) however in the company I work for developers tend to work in isolation (a great shame for me). Recently I decided that a good way to learn more about how experienced developers approach their design might be to explore some open source projects. I found myself a little overwhelmed by the projects I looked at. With my level of experience it was hard to understand the body of code I faced. My question is slight fuzzy one. How do developers approach the task of understanding a new medium to large scale project. I found myself pouring over lots of code and struggling to see the wood for the trees. At any one time I felt that I could understand a small portion of the system but not see how its all fits together. Do others get this same feeling? If so what approaches do you take to understanding the project? Do you have any other advice about how to learn design best practices? Any advice will be very much appreciated. Thank you.

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• What's the correct terminology for something that isn't quite classification nor regression?

  - by TC

  Let's say that I have a problem that is basicly classification. That is, given some input and a number of possible output classes, find the correct class for the given input. Neural networks and decision trees are some of the algorithms that may be used to solve such problems. These algorithms typically only emit a single result however: the resulting classification. Now what if I weren't only interested in one classification, but in the posterior probabilities that the input belongs to each of the classes. I.E., instead of the answer "This input belongs in class A", I want the answer "This input belongs to class A with 80%, class B with 15% and class C with 5%". My question is not on how to obtain these posterior probabilities, but rather on the correct terminology to describe the process of finding them. You could call it regression, since we are now trying to estimate a number of real valued numbers, but I am not quite sure if that's right. I feel it's not exactly classification either, it's something in between the two. Is there a word that describes the process of finding the class conditional posterior probabilities that some input belongs in each of the possible output classes? P.S. I'm not exactly sure if this question is enough of a programming question, but since it's about machine learning and machine learning generally involves a decent amount of programming, let's give it a shot.

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• Modifying bundled properties from visitor

  - by ravenspoint

  How should I modify the bundled properties of a vertex from inside a visitor? I would like to use the simple method of sub-scripting the graph, but the graph parameter passed into the visitor is const, so compiler disallows changes. I can store a reference to the graph in the visitor, but this seems weird. /** A visitor which identifies vertices as leafs or trees */ class bfs_vis_leaf_finder:public default_bfs_visitor { public: /** Constructor @param[in] total reference to int variable to store total number of leaves @param[in] g reference to graph ( used to modify bundled properties ) */ bfs_vis_leaf_finder( int& total, graph_t& g ) : myTotal( total ), myGraph( g ) { myTotal = 0; } /** Called when the search finds a new vertex If the vertex has no children, it is a leaf and the total leaf count is incremented */ template <typename Vertex, typename Graph> void discover_vertex( Vertex u, Graph& g) { if( out_edges( u, g ).first == out_edges( u, g ).second ) { myTotal++; //g[u].myLevel = s3d::cV::leaf; myGraph[u].myLevel = s3d::cV::leaf; } else { //g[u].myLevel = s3d::cV::tree; myGraph[u].myLevel = s3d::cV::tree; } } int& myTotal; graph_t& myGraph; };

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• Data structure to build and lookup set of integer ranges

  - by actual

  I have a set of uint32 integers, there may be millions of items in the set. 50-70% of them are consecutive, but in input stream they appear in unpredictable order. I need to: Compress this set into ranges to achieve space efficient representation. Already implemented this using trivial algorithm, since ranges computed only once speed is not important here. After this transformation number of resulting ranges is typically within 5 000-10 000, many of them are single-item, of course. Test membership of some integer, information about specific range in the set is not required. This one must be very fast -- O(1). Was thinking about minimal perfect hash functions, but they do not play well with ranges. Bitsets are very space inefficient. Other structures, like binary trees, has complexity of O(log n), worst thing with them that implementation make many conditional jumps and processor can not predict them well giving poor performance. Is there any data structure or algorithm specialized in integer ranges to solve this task?

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• Where can I find a powerful, standards compliant, web-based interactive org chart API?

  - by Adam Soltys

  Hi, I'm looking to build an interactive web-based org chart for a large organization. I somewhat like the interface at ancestry.com where you can hover over people and pan/zoom around and click on different nodes to make them the root. Ideally, I'd like it if people could belong to multiple organizational entities like committees, working groups, etc. In other words the API should support graphs in general, not just trees. I'd like to be able to visually explode each organizational substructure into substituents by clicking on it, with a nice animation of the employees ballooning or spilling out so you can really interactively drill down through the organization. I found http://code.google.com/apis/visualization/documentation/gallery/orgchart.html but it looks a bit rudimentary. I know there are desktop tools like OrgPlus and Visio that can build static charts but I'm really looking for a free, web-based API with open standards-based output like SVG or HTML5 Canvas elements rather than Flash or some proprietary output. Something I can embed into a custom web application and style myself. Something interactive.

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• [OpenCV] What do the "left" and "right" values mean in the haar cascade xml files?

  - by user117046

  In OpenCV's haar cascade files, what are the "left" and "right" values, and how does this refer to the "threshold" value? Thanks! Just for reference, here's the structure of the files: <haarcascade_frontalface_alt type_id="opencv-haar-classifier"> <size>20 20</size> <stages> <_> <!-- stage 0 --> <trees> <_> <!-- tree 0 --> <_> <!-- root node --> <feature> <rects> <_>3 7 14 4 -1.</_> <_>3 9 14 2 2.</_></rects> <tilted>0</tilted></feature> <threshold>4.0141958743333817e-003</threshold> <left_val>0.0337941907346249</left_val> <right_val>0.8378106951713562</right_val></_></_> <_>

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• Fundamentals of Deserialization in .NET?

  - by Codehelp

  I have been working with XML for past couple of months with .NET Basically all the work I do involve XML in oneway of another so I thought it would be good to learn the serialization and deserialization part of the game. My work mostly involves the 'Deserialization' part of it. Almost every time I have an XML file which has to be used by the application that I write. An object form of the XML is the best way to use. Now initially the XML was very straight forward, just a couple of tags which would translate into a class very easily using XSD.exe tool. Things grew a bit complex with nesting of tags and I found Xsd2Code gen tool work fine. During this whole process I have been able to do my work with a lot of help from Stackoverflow community, thanks for that, but I think I have missed the forest for the trees. I need to know how Deserialization works in .NET Fundamentally, I would like to know what happens behind the scenes in taking a XML and converting it into a usable object. Code samples have helped me in the past, and as mentioned earlier the problem get's solved but the learning does not happen. So, if anyone can guide to resources that can get me started on the Deserialization part of the game, I would be thankful to them. Regards.

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• Simulate stochastic bipartite network based on trait values of species - in R

  - by Scott Chamberlain

  I would like to create bipartite networks in R. For example, if you have a data.frame of two types of species (that can only interact across species, not within species), and each species has a trait value (e.g., size of mouth in the predator allows who gets to eat which prey species), how do we simulate a network based on the traits of the species (that is, two species can only interact if their traits overlap in values for instance)? UPDATE: Here is a minimal example of what I am trying to do. 1) create phylogenetic tree; 2) simulate traits on the phylogeny; 3) create networks based on species trait values. # packages install.packages(c("ape","phytools")) library(ape); library(phytools) # Make phylogenetic trees tree_predator <- rcoal(10) tree_prey <- rcoal(10) # Simulate traits on each tree trait_predator <- fastBM(tree_predator) trait_prey <- fastBM(tree_prey) # Create network of predator and prey ## This is the part I can't do yet. I want to create bipartite networks, where ## predator and prey interact based on certain crriteria. For example, predator ## species A and prey species B only interact if their body size ratio is ## greater than X.

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• Javascript Graph Layout Engine

  - by GJK

  I'm looking for a Javascript library/engine that can do graph layouts. (And when I say layouts, I mean logically position vertices nicely.) The graphs I'm working with are all m-ary trees. M is usually no more than 5 or 6, but it can be greater in some cases. I do have something that I use now, Graphviz's node program, and it works perfectly. The problem is, when running a web app, I have to send a request to the server every time I want a layout. Preferably, I would like something written in Javascript that can be quickly run on the client side. All it needs to do is provide layout information (relative positioning and whatnot). I don't need it to draw to a canvas or use SVG or anything, all I'm interested in is the layout. Library use like jQuery or RaphaelJS is fine by me. I'll work with it. I'm just looking for something to speed things along a little. Also, I'd consider writing my own if I could find a nice description of an algorithm to do the layouts. But I really don't want to spend too much time. I have something that works now, so getting it on the client side is just a bonus, not a necessity.

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• What happens when modifying Gemfile.lock directly?

  - by Mik378

  Since the second time of bundle install execution, dependencies are loaded from Gemfile.lock when Gemfile isn't changed. But I wonder how detection of changes is made between those two files. For instance, if I'm adding a new dependency directly into Gemfile.lock without adding it into Gemfile (as opposed to the best practice since Gemfile.lock is auto-generated from Gemfile), would a bundle install consider Gemfile as changed ? Indeed, does bundle install process compares the whole Gemfile and Gemfile.lock trees in order to detect changes? If it is, even if I'm adding a dependency directly to Gemfile.lock, Gemfile would be detected as changed (since different) and would re-erase Gemfile.lock (so losing the added dependency...) What is the process of bundle install since the launch for the second time ? To be more clear, my question is: Are changes based only from Gemfile ? That means bundler would keep a Gemfile snapshot of every bundle install execution number N and merely compares it to the bundle install execution N+1 ? Or none snapshot are created in bundler memory and bundler makes a comparison with Gemfile.lock each time to detect if Gemfile must be considered as changed.

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• Best way to implement some type of ITaggable interface

  - by Jack

  I've got a program I'm creating that reports on another certain programs backup xml files. I've gotten to the point where I need to implement some type of ITaggable interface - but am unsure how to go about it code wise. My idea is that each item (BackupClient, BackupVersion, and BackupFile) should implement an ITaggable interface for highlighting old, out of date, or non-existent files in their HTML or Excel report. The user will be able to specify tags in the settings. My question is this, how can a user dynamically specify a "tag" such as File Date 3 days old? - Background Color = Red. Actually I guess my question is more, how can I, the programmer, implement this dynamically? I was thinking Expression trees, but am unsure this is the way to go as I havn't studied them much. I know my ITaggable interface would have methods such as AddTag(T tag), RemoveTag(T tag), but what exactly specifies the criteria for the tag to be added? I realize this may be subjective, and can be marked as wiki if need be, but I truly am stuck. Any input would be greatly helpful!

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• Problem understanding Inheritance

  - by dhruvbird

  I've been racking my brains over inheritance for a while now, but am still not completely able to get around it. For example, the other day I was thinking about relating an Infallible Human and a Fallible Human. Let's first define the two: Infallible Human: A human that can never make a mistake. It's do_task() method will never throw an exception Fallible Human: A human that will occasionally make a mistakes. It's do_task() method may occasionally throw a ErrorProcessingRequest Exception The question was: IS an infallible human A fallible human OR IS a fallible human AN infallible human? The very nice answer I received was in the form of a question (I love these since it gives me rules to answer future questions I may have). "Can you pass an infallible human where a fallible human is expected OR can you pass a fallible human where an infallible human is expected?" It seems apparent that you can pass an infallible human where a fallible human is expected, but not the other way around. I guess that answered my question. However, it still feels funny saying "An infallible human is a fallible human". Does anyone else feel queasy when they say it? It almost feels as if speaking out inheritance trees is like reading out statements from propositional calculus in plain English (the if/then implication connectives don't mean the same as that in spoken English). Does anyone else feel the same?

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• How can a B-tree node be represented?

  - by chronodekar

  We're learning B-trees in class and have been asked to implement them in code. The teacher has left choice of programming language to us and I want to try and do it in C#. My problem is that the following structure is illegal in C#, unsafe struct BtreeNode { int key_num; // The number of keys in a node int[] key; // Array of keys bool leaf; // Is it a leaf node or not? BtreeNode*[] c; // Pointers to next nodes } Specifically, one is not allowed to create a pointer to point to the structure itself. Is there some work-around or alternate approach I could use? I'm fairly certain that there MUST be a way to do this within the managed code, but I can't figure it out. EDIT: Eric's answer pointed me in the right direction. Here's what I ended up using, class BtreeNode { public List<BtreeNode> children; // The child nodes public static int MinDeg; // The Minimum Degree of the tree public bool IsLeaf { get; set; } // Is the current node a leaf or not? public List<int> key; // The list of keys ... }

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• How can I avoid garbage collection delays in Java games? (Best Practices)

  - by Brian

  I'm performance tuning interactive games in Java for the Android platform. Once in a while there is a hiccup in drawing and interaction for garbage collection. Usually it's less than one tenth of a second, but sometimes it can be as large as 200ms on very slow devices. I am using the ddms profiler (part of the Android SDK) to search out where my memory allocations come from and excise them from my inner drawing and logic loops. The worst offender had been short loops done like, for(GameObject gob : interactiveObjects) gob.onDraw(canvas); where every single time the loop was executed there was an iterator allocated. I'm using arrays (ArrayList) for my objects now. If I ever want trees or hashes in an inner loop I know that I need to be careful or even reimplement them instead of using the Java Collections framework since I can't afford the extra garbage collection. That may come up when I'm looking at priority queues. I also have trouble where I want to display scores and progress using Canvas.drawText. This is bad, canvas.drawText("Your score is: " + Score.points, x, y, paint); because Strings, char arrays and StringBuffers will be allocated all over to make it work. If you have a few text display items and run the frame 60 times a second that begins to add up and will increase your garbage collection hiccups. I think the best choice here is to keep char[] arrays and decode your int or double manually into it and concatenate strings onto the beginning and end. I'd like to hear if there's something cleaner. I know there must be others out there dealing with this. How do you handle it and what are the pitfalls and best practices you've discovered to run interactively on Java or Android? These gc issues are enough to make me miss manual memory management, but not very much.

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• Something for the weekend - Whats the most complex query?

  - by simonsabin

  Whenever I teach about SQL Server performance tuning I try can get across the message that there is no such thing as a table. Does that sound odd, well it isn't, trust me. Rather than tables you need to consider structures. You have 1. Heaps 2. Indexes (b-trees) Some people split indexes in two, clustered and non-clustered, this I feel confuses the situation as people associate clustered indexes with sorting, but don't associate non clustered indexes with sorting, this is wrong. Clustered and non-clustered indexes are the same b-tree structure(and even more so with SQL 2005) with the leaf pages sorted in a linked list according to the keys of the index.. The difference is that non clustered indexes include in their structure either, the clustered key(s), or the row identifier for the row in the table (see http://sqlblog.com/blogs/kalen_delaney/archive/2008/03/16/nonclustered-index-keys.aspx for more details). Beyond that they are the same, they have key columns which are stored on the root and intermediary pages, and included columns which are on the leaf level. The reason this is important is that this is how the optimiser sees the world, this means it can use any of these structures to resolve your query. Even if your query only accesses one table, the optimiser can access multiple structures to get your results. One commonly sees this with a non-clustered index scan and then a key lookup (clustered index seek), but importantly it's not restricted to just using one non-clustered index and the clustered index or heap, and that's the challenge for the weekend. So the challenge for the weekend is to produce the most complex single table query. For those clever bods amongst you that are thinking, great I will just use lots of xquery functions, sorry these are the rules. 1. You have to use a table from AdventureWorks (2005 or 2008) 2. You can add whatever indexes you like, but you must document these 3. You cannot use XQuery, Spatial, HierarchyId, Full Text or any open rowset function. 4. You can only reference your table once, i..e a FROM clause with ONE table and no JOINs 5. No Sub queries. The aim of this is to show how the optimiser can use multiple structures to build the results of a query and to also highlight why the optimiser is doing that. How many structures can you get the optimiser to use? As an example create these two indexes on AdventureWorks2008 create index IX_Person_Person on Person.Person (lastName, FirstName,NameStyle,PersonType) create index IX_Person_Person on Person.Person(BusinessentityId,ModifiedDate)with drop_existing    select lastName, ModifiedDate   from Person.Person  where LastName = 'Smith' You will see that the optimiser has decided to not access the underlying clustered index of the table but to use two indexes above to resolve the query. This highlights how the optimiser considers all storage structures, clustered indexes, non clustered indexes and heaps when trying to resolve a query. So are you up to the challenge for the weekend to produce the most complex single table query? The prize is a pdf version of a popular SQL Server book, or a physical book if you live in the UK.  

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