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  • How can I uniqely record every new command I use, and possibly timestamp it?

    - by Nirmik
    I've been on Linux for more than 6 months now but never went too much into the CLI (command-line interface or terminal or shell) Now as I ask questions here, get answers, or help from other sites, I learn new commands... How can I can store every new command in a text file? Only new/*unique* commands, not repetitions of the same command. Here's an example: In the terminal, I enter the commands like this- ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ *command1* ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ *command2* ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ *command3* ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ *command4* ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ *command1* Now, these commands should get saved in a text file say commandrec like this- *command1* *command2* *command3* *command4* NOTE:The last command in the terminal which was again command1 is not recorded/saved again in the text file. And the next time I open the terminal, and enter a new command command 5, it should get appended to the list in commandrec (but if the command was used earlier on some other date, it should still be ignored. For example, command 1 entered again along with command 5 on a new day/time but command1 not recorded as already used) The commandrec file looking something like this- 31/05/12 12:00:00 *command1* *command2* *command3* *command4* 01/06/12 13:00:00 *command 5* (the time and date thing would be great if possible, but okay even if that isn't there) This way, I can have a record of all commands used by me to date. How can this be done?

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  • Bash script not adding variables to session

    - by travega
    I have a bash script that I have added as a startup application. It does a bunch of exports and alias assignment. #! /bin/bash alias devhm='cd ${DEV_HOME}; ll'; alias wlhm='cd ${WL_HOME}; ll'; alias dirch='watch --interval=1 "ls -la"'; alias vols='watch --interval=1 "df -h"'; alias svn-update='svn update --depth infinity ./*'; alias mci="~/mci.sh"; alias vncserver="vncserver -geometry 1680x1050"; alias ..="cd .."; alias hist="history | grep "; export PROXY_HOST=proxy.my.setup; export PROXY_PORT=3128; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH/usr/lib/oracle/12.1/client64/lib; export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/12.1/client64; export TNS_ADMIN=${ORACLE_HOME}/network/admin; echo "DONE!"; But none of these values are available in my terminal sessions anymore. Even when I run the script straight into the terminal like so: ./setup.sh I see the "DONE!" prompt printed but no aliases or env variables are set. If I copy and paste the contents of the file into the terminal the aliases and env variables are set. I have tried adding a line to execute the script from .bashrc also but still no aliases or env variables set. Any ideas what might be going on here? Also could anyone suggest a better way to have these env variables/aliases added to every terminal session?

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  • How to Kill and Alternate X session via cli

    - by L. D. James
    Can someone tell me how to remove dormant X sessions. This question is similar to Logging out other users from the command line, but more specific to controlling X displays which I find hard to kill. I used the command "who -u" to get the session of the other screens: $ who -u Which gave me: user1 :0 2014-08-18 12:08 ? 2891 (:0) user1 pts/26 2014-08-18 16:11 17:18 3984 (:0) user2 :1 2014-08-18 18:21 ? 25745 (:1) user1 pts/27 2014-08-18 23:10 00:27 3984 (:0) user1 pts/32 2014-08-18 23:10 10:42 3984 (:0) user1 pts/46 2014-08-18 23:14 00:04 3984 (:0) user1 pts/48 2014-08-19 04:10 . 3984 (:0) The kill -9 25745 doesn't appear to do anything. I have a workshop where a number of users will use the computer under their own login. After the workshop is over there are a number of logins that are left open. I would prefer to kill the open sessions rather than try to log into each users' screen. Again, this question isn't just about logging users' out. I'm hoping to get clarity also for killing/removing stuck processes that are hard to kill. New Info While still pondering how to kill the process I wrote the following script, which did it: #!/bin/bash results=1 while [[ $results > 0 ]] do sudo kill -9 25745 results=$? echo -ne "Response:$results..." sleep 20 done After a graceful waiting period, if there isn't a better answer I'll mark this as answered with this resolution. This may resolve the problem with other stuck processes I have had in the past.

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  • No GUI boot; startx error, I suspect no filesystem corruption.

    - by Dharmaj Soni
    Till yesterday, my Ubuntu 9.10 was working fine. I had watched a movie using vlc. I had also charged my ipod using the laptop. Today, when I started it, I automatically booted into command line. There seems to be no filesystem corruption etc as I can view/open (text) files. Before the CLI appeared, the screen blinked with a cursor, then the white Ubuntu logo flashed, and then I got the CLI login prompt. After logging in, if I try startx, to start gnome, I get the following error after a few seconds: giving up xinit: No such file or directory (errno 2): unable to connect to X server xinit: No such process (errno 3): Server error* The same error comes up, even if I use sudo, or if I change my directory to '/' before using startx, and also when, from the grub, using the recovery mode option to load into CLI, and then trying startx. On trying command 'xinit', I get "Server error" Also, on trying GDM, I get 2 errors. I cannot connect to the internet in this state. Thanks for any help. I am using Dell Inspiron 1440, no special graphics card.

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  • Beginning with shell scripting

    - by Kevin Wyman
    I am fresh into Ubuntu and one of my goals is shell scripting for personal (and maybe public) use. I'm a novice, though I do understand some of the basics (e.g. what a variable, string, loop, etc... is) but to get the most of scripting I need to learn in-depth. I figure the best way to do that is to jump right into scripting and ask questions only pertinent to the stage I am at in my attempted script. Scenario: I have edited my sudoers file to allow my non-root user to run sudo commands without being prompted for a password. Question: In vim, what would be the best code to use for a function that checks whether this condition is [true], If not, prompt the user if they want the script to edit and save the sudoers file to make this condition [true]? Layout - If condition is true, carry-on with rest of script. If condition is not true, the script silently edits/adds the line: %sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL in the sudoers file, saves and then continues on with the next part of the script. Any help with this would be greatly appreciated and assist me in my journey to writing shell scripts.

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  • Select (loop) or command not working in shell-script

    - by user208098
    I've been tinkering with Linux and Unix for years but still a novice in my mind and recently find myself trying to be more pro with it as I work in IT. So with that notion I'm studying shell scripting. I've hit a snag in ubuntu using the latest version 13.10 Saucy. When I use the select command in a sh script it doesn't work, depending on how I format the command it will either return Unexpected "do" or Unexpected "done". See the following two examples: This section of code produces an unexpected "do" error: #/bin/bash PS3='Please enter your choice' select opt in option1 option2 option3 quit do case $opt in "option1") echo "you chose choice 1" ;; "option2") echo "you chose choice 2" ;; "option3") echo "you chose choice 3" ;; "quit") break ;; *) echo invalid option ;; esac done This section of code produces an unexpected "done" error. #/bin/bash PS3='Please enter your choice' select opt in option1 option2 option3 quit ; do case $opt in "Option1") echo "you chose choice 1" ;; "Option2") echo "you chose choice 2" ;; "Option3") echo "you chose choice 3" ;; "quit") break ;; *) echo invalid option ;; esac done When I enter these parameters into the command line interactively or manually I get the desired result which is a list of choices to choose from. However when executed from a script I get the before mentioned errors. Also a side note I have tried this in Fedora as a script and it worked perfectly so my question is why isn't it working in Ubuntu, is this a difference between RHL and Debian? Or is it a bug in the latest version of Ubuntu? Thanks in advance for any help! KG

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  • What packages are safe to uninstall to reduce installation size?

    - by mathematician1975
    This question is similar to a previous question I asked How can I turn my desktop Ubuntu 8.04 into a command line only install?. I was wondering if anyone can recommend any other bulky packages from the standard 8.04 installation that can reduce the size on disk of my installation. All I really require is socket functionality, g++ and gcc, some kind of text editor and SSH client and server. Things that I don't require are things like media players, audio packages, and the more "superficial" kind of desktop niceties. Is there anything particularly large in a standard install that is safe for me to remove without compromising my requirements above? I am a bit apprehensive about trying to uninstall items and I am not totally confident about removal of particular things having a negative effect on the functionality of any other things I might need (an example is would it be safe for me to remove everything to do with Perl, or does the system/kernel/other processes require this) ??? Basically I would like to be left with the kind of items that would have been installed in the CLI version of 8.04 (had the alternative iso image not been faulty). Any help/suggestions would be gratefully received.

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  • How do I force the system to look for new sound devices?

    - by John Zeringue
    I have a small flat screen TV (Toshiba) that I often connect via HDMI to my laptop (an HP Pavilion dv4) and use as a computer monitor. When I do this, I prefer to use the TV's speakers, particularly when I'm watching video, because the sound quality is much better. However, when I connect the HDMI cable after turning on my computer (rather than having it plugged in before booting up), Sound Settings does not list the TV as an output device, and I am forced to reboot. I was curious if there is an easier solution to this, perhaps a CLI command to check for new sound outputs. Does anyone know of something like this or have another solution? To clarify, I believe this is a software problem. The HDMI always works, and I can switch my desktop over to the TV at any time. The issue is that, if the HDMI wasn't connected during start up, the TV will not appear as an output option in the Sound Settings GUI. So, unless I'm mistaken, my question is not HDMI specific, but rather a general usage question about manipulating sound settings from the command line.

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  • How to structure reading of commands given at a(n interactive) CLI prompt?

    - by Anto
    Let's say I have a program called theprogram (the marketing team was on strike when the product was to be named). I start that program by typing, perhaps not surprisingly, the program name as a command into a command prompt. After that, I get into a loop (from the users standpoint, an interactive command-line prompt), where one command will be read from the user, and depending on what command was given, the program will execute some instructions. I have been doing something like the following (in C-like pseudocode): main_loop{ in=read_input(); if(in=="command 1") do_something(); else if(in=="command 2") do_something_else(); ... } (In a real program, I would probably encapsulate more things into different procedures, this is just an example.) This works well for a small amount of commands, but let's say you have 100, 1000 or even 10 000 of them (the manual would be huge!). It is clearly a bad idea to have 10 000 ifs and else ifs after each other, for instance, the program would be hard to read, hard to maintain, contain a lot of boilerplate code... Yeah, you don't want to do that, so what approach would you recommend me to use (I will probably never use 10 000 commands in a program, but the solution should, at least preferably, be able to scale to that kind of massive (?) problems. The solution doesn't have to allow for arguments to the commands)?

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  • How can I get rid of the motd message "*** /dev/sdb1 will be checked for errors at next reboot ***"? [duplicate]

    - by kmm
    This question already has an answer here: Persistent “disk will be checked…” in the message of the day (motd) even after reboot 3 answers My motd persistently has: *** /dev/sdb1 will be checked for errors at next reboot *** The problem is that I don't have /dev/sdb1 on my system. I only have /dev/sdb2 (mouted as /) and /dev/sda1 which mounts to /media/backup. I delete that line from /etc/motd, but it reappears after reboot. Here's my df output: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sdb2 73G 3.7G 66G 6% / udev 490M 4.0K 490M 1% /dev tmpfs 200M 760K 199M 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 498M 0 498M 0% /run/shm /dev/sda1 1.9T 429G 1.4T 25% /media/backup Update Here is the output of sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0003dfc2 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 63 3907024064 1953512001 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders, total 156301488 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00049068 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 152301568 156301311 1999872 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb2 * 2048 152301567 76149760 83 Linux Partition table entries are not in disk order I guess /dev/sdb1 is my swap space.

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  • creating a tooltip for a line drawn on cartesiandatacanvas in flex

    - by Guru
    I am trying to draw a line on cartesiandatacanvas. While I am able to draw lines easily using the canvas.moveTo and canvas.lineTo methods, I cannot provide a tooltip to the line if I use that functionality. I have tried creating a label(when ever I draw a line) and adding a tooltip to it but since I show the lines in a 10*10 grid both vertical and horizontal there is a overlap and it is confusing. So now I am trying to create a line object that extends shape or UIComponent. I cannot add this object to canvas using the addChild method it does not work. The addDataChild method works but it messes with the positioning of the line. Can someone help with a solution to this. Simply put I want to draw lines on a datacanvas and add tooltips to them. Here is my code for the line object: package model { import flash.display.CapsStyle; import flash.display.JointStyle; import flash.display.LineScaleMode; import mx.core.UIComponent; public class Line extends UIComponent { public var x1:Number; public var x2:Number; public var y1:Number; public var y2:Number; public var color:Number; public function Line(x1:Number, y1:Number, x2:Number, y2:Number,color:Number) { super(); this.graphics.lineStyle(4, color, 1, true, LineScaleMode.NORMAL, CapsStyle.ROUND, JointStyle.MITER, 1 ); this.graphics.moveTo(x1,y1); this.graphics.lineTo(x2,y2); } } } Here is a sample MXML that has a canvas and tries to use the line object above: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <mx:WindowedApplication xmlns:mx="http://www.adobe.com/2006/mxml" layout="absolute" initialize="init()"> <mx:Script> <![CDATA[ import model.Line; import mx.charts.chartClasses.CartesianCanvasValue; private var accidImage:Image = new Image(); public function init():void { var line:Line = new Line(10,10,40,40,0XFF0000); // canvas.addChild(line); *Does not Work* canvas.addDataChild(line,10,10,null,null,null,null); } ]]> </mx:Script> <mx:Panel x="60" y="53" width="517" height="472" layout="absolute"> <mx:PlotChart x="48" y="10" id="plotchart1"> <mx:series> <mx:PlotSeries displayName="Series 1" yField=""/> </mx:series> <mx:annotationElements> <mx:CartesianDataCanvas id="canvas" includeInRanges="true"/> </mx:annotationElements> <mx:verticalAxis> <mx:LinearAxis id="axis11" minimum="0" maximum="100" interval="10" padding="10"/> </mx:verticalAxis> <mx:horizontalAxis> <mx:LinearAxis id="axis21" minimum="0" maximum="100" interval="10" padding="10"/> </mx:horizontalAxis> </mx:PlotChart> <mx:Legend dataProvider="{plotchart1}"/> </mx:Panel> </mx:WindowedApplication>

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  • BlitzMax - generating 2D neon glowing line effect to png file

    - by zanlok
    Originally asked on StackOverflow, but it became tumbleweed. I'm looking to create a glowing line effect in BlitzMax, something like a Star Wars lightsaber or laserbeam. Doesn't have to be realtime, but just to TImage objects and then maybe saved to PNG for later use in animation. I'm happy to use 3D features, but it will be for use in a 2D game. Since it will be on black/space background, my strategy is to draw a series of white blurred lines with color and high transparency, then eventually central lines less blurred and more white. What I want to draw is actually bezier curved lines. Drawing curved lines is easy enough, but I can't use the technique above to create a good laser/neon effect because it comes out looking very segmented. So, I think it may be better to use a blur effect/shader on what does render well, which is a 1-pixel bezier curve. The problems I've been having are: Applying a shader to just a certain area of the screen where lines are drawn. If there's a way to do draw lines to a texture and then blur that texture and save the png, that would be great to hear about. There's got to be a way to do this, but I just haven't gotten the right elements working together yet. Any help from someone familiar with this stuff would be greatly appreciated. Using just 2D calls could be advantageous, simpler to understand and re-use. It would be very nice to know how to save a PNG that preserves the transparency/alpha stuff. p.s. I've reviewed this post (and many many others on the Blitz site), have samples working, and even developed my own 5x5 frag shaders. But, it's 3D and a scene-wide thing that doesn't seem to convert to 2D or just a certain area very well. I'd rather understand how to apply shading to a 2D scene, especially using the specifics of BlitzMax.

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  • What does the EC2 command line say when a machine won't start?

    - by OneSolitaryNoob
    When starting an instance on Amazon EC2, how would I detect a failure, for instance, if there's no machine available to fulfill my request? I'm using one of the less-common machine types and am concerned it won't start up, but am having trouble finding out what message to look for to detect this. I'm using the EC2 commandline tools to do this. I know I can look for 'running' when I do ec2-describe-instance to see if the machine is up, but don't know what to look for to see if the startup failed. Thanks!

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  • Firefox 3.6.3 on Snow Leopard 10.6.3 - symbolic link to command line binary doesn't work?

    - by David Watson
    I have Firefox 10.6.3 installed on Mac OS X Snow Leopard from the DMG. I can run firefox from the terminal using /Applications/Firefox.app/Contents/MacOS/firefox-bin. However, if I create a symbolic link: sudo ln -s /Applications/Firefox.app/Contents/MacOS/firefox-bin /bin/firefox then it refuses to run, or at least display. When I issue "firefox" from the terminal, I can see the process in top, but never get the GUI to appear. :/ = ls -lr /bin/firefox lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 52 May 5 15:19 /bin/firefox - /Applications/Firefox.app/Contents/MacOS/firefox-bin Any ideas? Thanks, David

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  • Powershell 2.0 error handling - Command line call vs. ISE

    - by Gromix
    Hi, In the context of deployment scripts, I would like to capture any error than happens and stop immediately. I have notice some significant differences between the following calls: powershell.exe -File Script.ps1 powershell.exe -Command "& '.\Script.ps1'" powershell.exe .\Script.ps1 For example, the -File call will handle errors in the exact same way as the ISE. The other two seem to ignore the $ErrorActionPreference variable, and do not seem to catch Write-Error in try/catch blocks. Could someone help me understand the implications of each one, and why they are behaving differently? Thanks, Romain

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  • How do you configure IIS5 advanced settings from command line?

    - by Jason
    I am trying to automate some of the build process for my asp.net apps by creating the virtual directories it needs and setting all their settings in a batch file. So far I have been able to figure out how to create virtual directories, but how to do you configure them beyond that? For example I need to be able to set them as an application, set the default document, change framework version, turn on integrated authentication, etc. Does anyone know of any scripts that can do all this without a third party utility? Does the adsutil.vbs admin script do any of this?

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  • How to stop the execution of Java program from Command line?

    - by Aakash
    My main field is .Net but recently I have got something to do with Java. I have to create a shell utility in Java that could run in background reading few database records after specified duration and do further processing. It's a kind of scheduler. Now I have few concerns: How to make this work as a service. I want to execute it through a shell script and the utility should start running. Off course the control should get back to the calling script. Secondly, eventually i may want to stop this process from running. How to achieve this? I understand these are basic question but I really have no idea where to begin and what options are best for me. Any help / advise please?

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  • How to force a line break in a loooooong word in a DIV?

    - by George Edison
    Okay, this is really confusing me. I have some content inside of a div like so: <div style="background-color: green; width: 200px; height: 300px;"> Thisisatest.Thisisatest.Thisisatest.Thisisatest.Thisisatest.Thisisatest. </div> However, the content overflows the DIV (as expected) because the 'word' is too long. How can I force the browser to 'break' the word where necessary to fit all of the content inside?

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  • How do I send a file as an email attachment using Linux command line?

    - by Kit Roed
    I've created a script that runs every night on my Linux server that uses mysqldump to back up each of my MySQL databases to .sql files and packages them together as a compressed .tar file. The next step I want to accomplish is to send that tar file through email to a remote email server for safekeeping. I've been able to send the raw script in the body an email by piping the backup text file to mailx like so: $ cat mysqldbbackup.sql | mailx [email protected] cat echoes the backup file's text which is piped into the mailx program with the recipient's email address passed as an argument. While this accomplishes what I need, I think it could be one step better, Is there any way, using shell scripts or otherwise, to send the compressed .tar file to an outgoing email message as an attachment? This would beat having to deal with very long email messages which contain header data and often have word-wrapping issues etc.

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  • Why doesn't JFreeCharts correctly connect the points in my xy-line graph?

    - by Javajava
    /Each letter A,T,G,C represents a direction for the plot to graph. Specifically, “A” means move right, “T” is move down, “C” is move up, and “G” is move left. When the applet reads A,T,C, it plots the graph correctly. However, when I plot G, the graph is messed up. When I input "ACACACA," the graph is like a rising staircase. When I input "gtgtgt," the graph should look like a staircase, but it looks like a lightning bolt instead/ /This is all one code... i don't know why it's all split up like this:/ import java.applet.Applet; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.util.Scanner.*; import java.jfree.chart.*; import java.jfree.data.xy.*; import java.jfree.chart.plot.PlotOrientation; public class If_Graph extends Applet implements ActionListener{ Panel panel; TextArea textarea, outputArea; Button move; String thetext; Scanner reader = new Scanner(System.in); String thetext2; int size,p,q; int x,y; public void init(){ setSize(500,500); //set size of applet panel = new Panel(); add(panel); setVisible(true); textarea= new TextArea(10,20); add(textarea); move=new Button("Graph"); move.addActionListener(this); add(move); } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { XYSeries series = new XYSeries("DNA Walk"); x= 0; y = 0; series.add(x,y); if(e.getSource() == move) { thetext=textarea.getText(); //the text is the DNA bases pasted thetext=thetext.replaceAll(" ",""); //removes spaces thetext2 = ""; for(int i=0; i<thetext.length(); i++) { char a = thetext.charAt(i); switch (a) { case 'A': //moves right x+=1; y+=0; series.add(x,y); break; case 'a': x+=1;y+=0; series.add(x,y); break; case 'C': //moves up x+=0; y+=1; series.add(x,y); break; case 'c': x+=0; y+=1; System.out.println(x + "," + y); series.add(x,y); break; case 'G': //move left x-=1; y+=0; series.add(x,y); System.out.println("G is: "+ x +"," +y); break; case 'g': x-=1; y+=0; System.out.println("g is: " +x + "," + y); series.add(x,y); break; case 'T': //move down x+=0; y-=1; series.add(x,y); System.out.println("T is: "+ x +"," +y); break; case 't': x+=0; y-=1; series.add(x,y); System.out.println("t is: "+ x +"," +y); break; default: // series.add(0,0); break; } } XYDataset xyDataset = new XYSeriesCollection(series); JFreeChart chart = ChartFactory.createXYLineChart ("DNA Random Walk", "", "", xyDataset, PlotOrientation.VERTICAL, true, true, false); ChartFrame frame1=new ChartFrame("DNA Random Walk",chart); frame1.setVisible(true); frame1.setSize(300,300); outputArea.setText(thetext2); } } }

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  • How can I make a GUI frontend to a command line tool in OSX?

    - by bfred.it
    I'm dying to know how I can make a GUI for ffmpeg and jhead in OSX. I've been looking for a solution for a while and thought you, stackoverflow's users, could help me. Maybe you know some document I haven't come across of or, better, a tutorial to make a GUI. I love those two tools but I like the simplicity of drag/drop operations. Note: I don't need a GUI for them, I want to make one.

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  • What is your single most favorite command-line trick using Bash?

    - by hoyhoy
    We all know how to use <ctrl>-R to reverse search through history, but did you know you can use <ctrl>-S to forward search if you set stty stop ""? Also, have you ever tried running bind -p to see all of your keyboard shortcuts listed? There are over 455 on Mac OS X by default. What is your single most favorite obscure trick, keyboard shortcut or shopt configuration using bash?

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  • How can I enable a debugging mode via a command-line switch for my Perl program?

    - by Michael Mao
    I am learning Perl in a "head-first" manner. I am absolutely a newbie in this language: I am trying to have a debug_mode switch from CLI which can be used to control how my script works, by switching certain subroutines "on and off". And below is what I've got so far: #!/usr/bin/perl -s -w # purpose : make subroutine execution optional, # which is depending on a CLI switch flag use strict; use warnings; use constant DEBUG_VERBOSE => "v"; use constant DEBUG_SUPPRESS_ERROR_MSGS => "s"; use constant DEBUG_IGNORE_VALIDATION => "i"; use constant DEBUG_SETPPING_COMPUTATION => "c"; our ($debug_mode); mainMethod(); sub mainMethod # () { if(!$debug_mode) { print "debug_mode is OFF\n"; } elsif($debug_mode) { print "debug_mode is ON\n"; } else { print "OMG!\n"; exit -1; } checkArgv(); printErrorMsg("Error_Code_123", "Parsing Error at..."); verbose(); } sub checkArgv #() { print ("Number of ARGV : ".(1 + $#ARGV)."\n"); } sub printErrorMsg # ($error_code, $error_msg, ..) { if(defined($debug_mode) && !($debug_mode =~ DEBUG_SUPPRESS_ERROR_MSGS)) { print "You can only see me if -debug_mode is NOT set". " to DEBUG_SUPPRESS_ERROR_MSGS\n"; die("terminated prematurely...\n") and exit -1; } } sub verbose # () { if(defined($debug_mode) && ($debug_mode =~ DEBUG_VERBOSE)) { print "Blah blah blah...\n"; } } So far as I can tell, at least it works...: the -debug_mode switch doesn't interfere with normal ARGV the following commandlines work: ./optional.pl ./optional.pl -debug_mode ./optional.pl -debug_mode=v ./optional.pl -debug_mode=s However, I am puzzled when multiple debug_modes are "mixed", such as: ./optional.pl -debug_mode=sv ./optional.pl -debug_mode=vs I don't understand why the above lines of code "magically works". I see both of the "DEBUG_VERBOS" and "DEBUG_SUPPRESS_ERROR_MSGS" apply to the script, which is fine in this case. However, if there are some "conflicting" debug modes, I am not sure how to set the "precedence of debug_modes"? Also, I am not certain if my approach is good enough to Perlists and I hope I am getting my feet in the right direction. One biggest problem is that I now put if statements inside most of my subroutines for controlling their behavior under different modes. Is this okay? Is there a more elegant way? I know there must be a debug module from CPAN or elsewhere, but I want a real minimal solution that doesn't depend on any other module than the "default". And I cannot have any control on the environment where this script will be executed...

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  • How do I delete the first line in a file?

    - by Soop
    I can't search for a particular string, since they're all very similar, but I'd like something simple to chop out the first 4 lines in a file. They're all variable length too. I've had a a think about perl, and it all seems harder than I thought, but I'd like to do it in Perl, AWK or a shell command if possible. Does anybody have a simple way of doing this?

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  • How do I simulate a progress counter in a command line application in Python?

    - by CRP
    My Python program does a series of things and prints some diagnostic output. I would also like to have a progress counter like this: Percentage done: 25% where the number increases "in place". If I use only string statements I can write separate numbers, but that would clutter the screen. Is there some way to achieve this, for example using some escape char for backspace in order to clear a number and write the next one? Thanks

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