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  • Implementing default constructors

    - by James
    Implement the default constructor, the constructors with one and two int parameters. The one-parameter constructor should initialize the first member of the pair, the second member of the pair is to be 0. Overload binary operator + to add the pairs as follows: (a, b) + (c, d) = (a + c, b + d); Overload the - analogously. Overload the * on pairs ant int as follows: (a, b) * c = (a * c, b * c). Write a program to test all the member functions and overloaded operators in your class definition. You will also need to write accessor (get) functions for each member. The definition of the class Pairs: class Pairs { public: Pairs(); Pairs(int first, int second); Pairs(int first); // other members and friends friend istream& operator>> (istream&, Pair&); friend ostream& operator<< (ostream&, const Pair&); private: int f; int s; }; Self-Test Exercise #17: istream& operator (istream& ins, Pair& second) { char ch; ins ch; // discard init '(' ins second.f; ins ch; // discard comma ',' ins second.s; ins ch; // discard final '(' return ins; } ostream& operator<< (ostream& outs, const Pair& second) { outs << '('; outs << second.f; outs << ", " ;// I followed the Author's suggestion here. outs << second.s; outs << ")"; return outs; }

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  • Creating instance in java class

    - by aladine
    Please advise me the difference between two ways of declaration of java constructor public class A{ private static A instance = new A(); public static A getInstance() { return instance; } public static void main(String[] args) { A a= A.getInstance(); } } AND public class B{ public B(){}; public static void main(String[] args) { B b= new B(); } } Thanks

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  • Inlining an array of non-default constructible objects in a C++ class

    - by porgarmingduod
    C++ doesn't allow a class containing an array of items that are not default constructible: class Gordian { public: int member; Gordian(int must_have_variable) : member(must_have_variable) {} }; class Knot { Gordian* pointer_array[8]; // Sure, this works. Gordian inlined_array[8]; // Won't compile. Can't be initialized. }; As even beginner C++ users know, the language guarantees that all members are initialized when constructing a class. And it doesn't trust the user to initialize everything in the constructor - one has to provide valid arguments to the constructors of all members before the body of the constructor even starts. Generally, that's a great idea as far as I'm concerned, but I've come across a situation where it would be a lot easier if I could actually have an array of non-default constructible objects. The obvious solution: Have an array of pointers to the objects. This is not optimal in my case, as I am using shared memory. It would force me to do extra allocation from an already contended resource (that is, the shared memory). The entire reason I want to have the array inlined in the object is to reduce the number of allocations. This is a situation where I would be willing to use a hack, even an ugly one, provided it works. One possible hack I am thinking about would be: class Knot { public: struct dummy { char padding[sizeof(Gordian)]; }; dummy inlined_array[8]; Gordian* get(int index) { return reinterpret_cast<Gordian*>(&inlined_array[index]); } Knot() { for (int x = 0; x != 8; x++) { new (get(x)) Gordian(x*x); } } }; Sure, it compiles, but I'm not exactly an experienced C++ programmer. That is, I couldn't possibly trust my hacks less. So, the questions: 1) Does the hack I came up with seem workable? What are the issues? (I'm mainly concerned with C++0x on newer versions of GCC). 2) Is there a better way to inline an array of non-default constructible objects in a class?

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  • call_user_function_array() and __construct

    - by John
    I'm working on a simple framework, and I'm having a slight problem. I'd like to use call_user_function_array() to pass parameters to a function. That's fine, except the function I want to pass it to is __construct. I can't create an instance of an object with cufa(), and by instantiating an object, and then using cufa to call that instance's __construct(), I run into problems with a broken class because I'm calling the constructor twice (and one time it's called wrong.)

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  • CodeContracts: How to fullfill Require in Ctor using this() call?

    - by mafutrct
    I'm playing around with Microsoft's CodeContracts and encountered a problem I was unable to solve. I've got a class with two constructors: public Foo (public float f) { Contracts.Require(f > 0); } public Foo (int i) : this ((float)i) {} The example is simplified. I don't know how to check the second constructor's f for being 0. Is this even possible with Contracts?

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  • C# Strange Behavior

    - by Betamoo
    I have a custom struct : struct A { public int y; } a custom class with empty constuctor: class B { public A a; public B() { } } and here is the main: static void Main(string[] args) { B b = new B(); b.a.y = 5;//No runtime errors! Console.WriteLine(b.a.y); } When I run the above program, it does not give me any errors, although I did not initialize struct A in class B constructor..'a=new A();'

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  • How to define an aspectj pointcut that picks out all constructors of a class that has a specific annotation?

    - by PineForest
    Here is the annotation: @Target(value = ElementType.TYPE) @Retention(value = RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Inherited public @interface MyAnnotation { String name(); } Here is one annotated class: @MyAnnotation(name="foo") public class ClassA { public ClassA() { // Do something } } Here is a second annotated class: @MyAnnotation(name="bar") public class ClassB { public ClassB(String aString) { // Do something } } I am looking for an aspectj pointcut that correctly matches the constructors for ClassA and ClassB while not matching any other constructor for any other class NOT annotated by MyAnnotation.

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  • purpose of php consutructor

    - by Bharanikumar
    Hi , Am working in the classes and object class structure , but not extream level , Just class and function , then in one place instantiation . that's it , not much big functions like __construct etc , Please tell me very simply , 1.what is th purpose of constructor ad destructor , But i know theoretical explanation school level , But i am expecting something like in real time , which situation we have to use, and is there any example for that please tell me, Regards

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  • Amazon EC2 pem file stopped working suddenly

    - by Jashwant
    I was connecting to Amazon EC2 through SSH and it was working well. But all of a sudden, it stopped working. I am not able to connect anymore with the same key file. What can go wrong ? Here's the debug info. ssh -vvv -i ~/Downloads/mykey.pem [email protected] OpenSSH_6.1p1 Debian-4, OpenSSL 1.0.1c 10 May 2012 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for * debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to ec2-54-222-60-78.eu.compute.amazonaws.com [54.229.60.78] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug3: Incorrect RSA1 identifier debug3: Could not load "/home/jashwant/Downloads/mykey.pem" as a RSA1 public key debug1: identity file /home/jashwant/Downloads/mykey.pem type -1 debug1: identity file /home/jashwant/Downloads/mykey.pem-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1.1 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1.1 pat OpenSSH_5* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.1p1 Debian-4 debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "ec2-54-222-60-78.eu.compute.amazonaws.com" from file "/home/jashwant/.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type ECDSA in file /home/jashwant/.ssh/known_hosts:4 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug3: order_hostkeyalgs: prefer hostkeyalgs: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-256-96,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-512-96,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-256-96,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-512-96,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: sending SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY debug1: Server host key: ECDSA d8:05:8e:fe:37:2d:1e:2c:f1:27:c2:e7:90:7f:45:48 debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "ec2-54-222-60-78.eu.compute.amazonaws.com" from file "/home/jashwant/.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type ECDSA in file /home/jashwant/.ssh/known_hosts:4 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "54.229.60.78" from file "/home/jashwant/.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type ECDSA in file /home/jashwant/.ssh/known_hosts:5 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug1: Host 'ec2-54-222-60-78.eu.compute.amazonaws.com' is known and matches the ECDSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/jashwant/.ssh/known_hosts:4 debug1: ssh_ecdsa_verify: signature correct debug2: kex_derive_keys debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug2: key: jashwant@jashwant-linux (0x7f827cbe4f00) debug2: key: /home/jashwant/Downloads/mykey.pem ((nil)) debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey debug3: preferred gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering RSA public key: jashwant@jashwant-linux debug3: send_pubkey_test debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /home/jashwant/Downloads/mykey.pem debug1: read PEM private key done: type RSA debug3: sign_and_send_pubkey: RSA 9b:7d:9f:2e:7a:ef:51:a2:4e:fb:0c:c0:e8:d4:66:12 debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey). I've already googled everything and checked : Public DNS is same (It hasnt changed), Username is ubuntu as it's a Ubuntu AMI ( Used the same earlier), Permission is 400 on mykey.pem file ssh port is enabled via security groups ( Used the same ealier )

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  • why do Vagrant docs suggest using public IP address 33.33.33.10 for local VMs?

    - by Gert
    I'm following a tutorial to set up vagrant (a tool to build and configure portable virtual machine images), and it seems that vagrant documentation suggests using IPv4 address 33.33.33.10 to configure a new box. That is a publicly routed IP adress, so I'm a bit confused why using this address is suggested. Since I don't own this network, I should not use an address from the 33.33.33.10/8 range. Am I correct in thinking that I should only use either a public address from a network I own, or an address from one of the private ranges as defined in RFC 1918? If so, why does Vagrant documentation suggest otherwise?

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  • What's the proper term for a function inverse to a constructor - to unwrap a value from a data type?

    - by Petr Pudlák
    Edit: I'm rephrasing the question a bit. Apparently I caused some confusion because I didn't realize that the term destructor is used in OOP for something quite different - it's a function invoked when an object is being destroyed. In functional programming we (try to) avoid mutable state so there is no such equivalent to it. (I added the proper tag to the question.) Instead, I've seen that the record field for unwrapping a value (especially for single-valued data types such as newtypes) is sometimes called destructor or perhaps deconstructor. For example, let's have (in Haskell): newtype Wrap = Wrap { unwrap :: Int } Here Wrap is the constructor and unwrap is what? The questions are: How do we call unwrap in functional programming? Deconstructor? Destructor? Or by some other term? And to clarify, is this/other terminology applicable to other functional languages, or is it used just in the Haskell? Perhaps also, is there any terminology for this in general, in non-functional languages? I've seen both terms, for example: ... Most often, one supplies smart constructors and destructors for these to ease working with them. ... at Haskell wiki, or ... The general theme here is to fuse constructor - deconstructor pairs like ... at Haskell wikibook (here it's probably meant in a bit more general sense), or newtype DList a = DL { unDL :: [a] -> [a] } The unDL function is our deconstructor, which removes the DL constructor. ... in The Real World Haskell.

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  • WPF Binding to a viewmodel

    - by user832747
    I'm simply binding a WPF DataGridTextColumn with a binding to my grid rows. <DataGridTextColumn Header="Name" Binding="{Binding Name}" /> I've bound to my row view models. The Name property has a PRIVATE setter. public string Name { get { return _name; } private set { _name = value; } } Shouldn't the datagrid prevent me from accessing the private setter? The grid allows me to access it. I swear it never used to, unless I'm forgetting something?

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  • Dependency Injection Constructor Madness

    - by JP
    I find that my constructors are starting to look like this: public MyClass(Container con, SomeClass1 obj1, SomeClass2, obj2.... ) with ever increasing parameter list. Since "Container" is my dependency injection container, why can't I just do this: public MyClass(Container con) for every class? What are the downsides? If I do this, it feels like I'm using a glorified static. Please share your thoughts on IoC and Dependency Injection madness. Thanks in advance. -JP

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  • XmlSerializer giving FileNotFoundException at constructor

    - by Irwin
    An application I've been working with is failing when i try to serialize types. A statement like this: XmlSerialzer lizer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(MyType)); Produces: System.IO.FileNotFoundException occurred Message="Could not load file or assembly '[Containing Assembly of MyType].XmlSerializers, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null' or one of its dependencies. The system cannot find the file specified." Source="mscorlib" FileName="[Containing Assembly of MyType].XmlSerializers, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null" FusionLog="" StackTrace: at System.Reflection.Assembly._nLoad(AssemblyName fileName, String codeBase, Evidence assemblySecurity, Assembly locationHint, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection) at System.Reflection.Assembly.nLoad(AssemblyName fileName, String codeBase, Evidence assemblySecurity, Assembly locationHint, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection) I don't define any special serializers for my class.

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  • C# - closures over class fields inside an initializer?

    - by Richard Berg
    Consider the following code: using System; namespace ConsoleApplication2 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var square = new Square(4); Console.WriteLine(square.Calculate()); } } class MathOp { protected MathOp(Func<int> calc) { _calc = calc; } public int Calculate() { return _calc(); } private Func<int> _calc; } class Square : MathOp { public Square(int operand) : base(() => _operand * _operand) // runtime exception { _operand = operand; } private int _operand; } } (ignore the class design; I'm not actually writing a calculator! this code merely represents a minimal repro for a much bigger problem that took awhile to narrow down) I would expect it to either: print "16", OR throw a compile time error if closing over a member field is not allowed in this scenario Instead I get a nonsensical exception thrown at the indicated line. On the 3.0 CLR it's a NullReferenceException; on the Silverlight CLR it's the infamous Operation could destabilize the runtime.

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  • Ambiguous function/constructor call in C#

    - by Ahmed Said
    The following code causes a compiler error, as it is ambiguous call but the problem if we use object instead of ArrayList no error happens and the string version works fine; Do you have an explanation for that? class A { public A(string x) { Console.WriteLine("string"); } public A(ArrayList x) { Console.WriteLine("ArrayList"); } } static void Main(string[] args) { A o = new A(null); }

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  • Online Flowchart Diagram Tool (run from private wiki)

    - by red.october
    Hi, Is there some flowchart diagram tool that would (or could be made to) integrate with a self-hosted wiki? Requirements: basic functionality (e.g., drawing some boxes and some arrows) would strongly prefer it to be visual (i.e., not written out in text that then gets converted) it is important that it can be integrated into the wiki (e.g., as an extra panel somewhere) can be run from a personal server free I've looked around at other threads here concerning a diagram tool, but they are either desktop applications, online ones which reside on third-party servers, or cost money.

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  • Using same name for Core Data object as a Private Framework Object

    - by bjorn geez
    Hi all, I've got a core data-based app for iPhone and I'm getting the following warning: objc[2472]: Class Property is implemented in both /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Notes.framework/Notes and /var/mobile/Applications/B69194FF-448F-48AD-A78D-DDB8935F/AmcCalc.app/AmcCalc. One of the two will be used. Which one is undefined. When I started working on this app back with SDK 3.0 I didn't get this error, so how do I deal with this? Thanks! Bjorn

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  • Accessing Private Frameworks to see what they do...

    - by Moshe
    I am investigating the UIFont thing on iPhone. (You can't easily use custom fonts.) I was wondering if the peeking at the Quarts drawing methods would help. The issue is, i don't know where to look or how to access that information. Where can I find the framework headers? Also, I was wondering where the iPhone stores the Fonts. (Path to them...)

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  • Scala Array constructor?

    - by Lukasz Lew
    scala> val a = Array [Double] (10) a: Array[Double] = Array(10.0) scala> val a = new Array [Double] (10) a: Array[Double] = Array(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0) Why these two expressions have different semantics?

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  • Simple factory to retrieve files using constructor dependency injection

    - by mrblah
    I want to create a class, that is flexible so I can switch implementations. Problem: Store files/documents Options: either store locally on the server filesystem, database or etc. Can someone help with a skeleton structure of the class, and how I would call it? I am not using an IoC, and don't really want to just yet. I just want the flexibility where I would make maybe 1 code change in the factory to call another implementation.

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