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• A SelfHosted WCF Service over Basic HTTP Binding doesn't support more than 1000 concurrent requests

  - by Krishnan

  I have self hosted a WCF Service over BasicHttpBinding consumed by an ASMX Client. I'm simulating a concurrent user load of 1200 users. The service method takes a string parameter and returns a string. The data exchanged is less than 10KB. The processing time for a request is fixed at 2 seconds by having a Thread.Sleep(2000) statement. Nothing additional. I have removed all the DB Hits / business logic. The same piece of code runs fine for 1000 concurrent users. I get the following error when I bump up the number to 1200 users. System.Net.WebException: The underlying connection was closed: An unexpected error occurred on a receive. ---> System.IO.IOException: Unable to read data from the transport connection: An existing connection was forcibly closed by the remote host. ---> System.Net.Sockets.SocketException: An existing connection was forcibly closed by the remote host at System.Net.Sockets.Socket.Receive(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size, SocketFlags socketFlags) at System.Net.Sockets.NetworkStream.Read(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at System.Net.Sockets.NetworkStream.Read(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size) at System.Net.PooledStream.Read(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size) at System.Net.Connection.SyncRead(HttpWebRequest request, Boolean userRetrievedStream, Boolean probeRead) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at System.Web.Services.Protocols.WebClientProtocol.GetWebResponse(WebRequest request) at System.Web.Services.Protocols.HttpWebClientProtocol.GetWebResponse(WebRequest request) at System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapHttpClientProtocol.Invoke(String methodName, Object[] parameters) at WCF.Throttling.Client.Service.Function2(String param) This exception is often reported on DataContract mismatch and large data exchange. But never when doing a load test. I have browsed enough and have tried most of the options which include, Enabled Trace & Message log on server side. But no errors logged. To overcome Port Exhaustion MaxUserPort is set to 65535, and TcpTimedWaitDelay 30 secs. MaxConcurrent Calls is set to 600, and MaxConcurrentInstances is set to 1200. The Open, Close, Send and Receive Timeouts are set to 10 Minutes. The HTTPWebRequest KeepAlive set to false. I have not been able to nail down the issue for the past two days. Any help would be appreciated. Thank you.

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• The remote server returned an error: (400) Bad Request

  - by pravakar

  Hi, I am getting the following errors: "The remote server returned an error: (400) Bad Request" "Requested time out" sometimes when connecting to a host using a web service. If the XML returned is 5 kb then it is working fine, but if the size is 450kb or above it is displaying the error. Below is my code as well as the config file that resides at the client system. We don't have access to the settings of the server. Protected Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Dim fileName As String = Server.MapPath("capitaljobs2.xml") Dim client = New CapitalJobsService.DataServiceClient("WSHttpBinding_IDataService", "http://xyz/webservice.svc") Dim userAccount = New UserAccount() 'replace here Dim jobAdList = client.GetProviderJobs(userAccount) '## Needed only to create XML files - do not ucomment - will overwrite files 'if (jobAdList != null) ' SerialiseJobAds(fileName, jobAdList); '## Read new ads from Xml file Dim capitalJobsList = DeserialiseJobdAds(fileName) UpdateProviderJobsFromXml(client, userAccount, capitalJobsList) client.Close() End Sub Private Shared Function DeserialiseJobdAds(ByVal fileName As String) As CapitalJobsService.CapitalJobsList Dim capitalJobsList As CapitalJobsService.CapitalJobsList ' Deserialize the data and read it from the instance If File.Exists(fileName) Then Dim fs = New FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Open) Dim reader = XmlDictionaryReader.CreateTextReader(fs, New XmlDictionaryReaderQuotas()) Dim ser2 = New DataContractSerializer(GetType(CapitalJobsList)) capitalJobsList = DirectCast(ser2.ReadObject(reader, True), CapitalJobsList) reader.Close() fs.Close() Return capitalJobsList End If Return Nothing End Function And the config file <system.web> <httpRuntime maxRequestLength="524288" /> </system.web> <system.serviceModel> <bindings> <wsHttpBinding> <binding name="WSHttpBinding_IDataService" closeTimeout="00:10:00" openTimeout="00:10:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:10:00" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" transactionFlow="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard" maxBufferPoolSize="2147483647" maxReceivedMessageSize="2147483647" messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" useDefaultWebProxy="true" allowCookies="false"> <readerQuotas maxDepth="2000000" maxStringContentLength="2000000" maxArrayLength="2000000" maxBytesPerRead="2000000" maxNameTableCharCount="2000000" /> <reliableSession ordered="true" inactivityTimeout="00:10:00" enabled="false" /> <security mode="None"> <transport clientCredentialType="Windows" proxyCredentialType="None" realm=""/> <message clientCredentialType="Windows" negotiateServiceCredential="true" establishSecurityContext="true"/> </security> </binding> </wsHttpBinding> </bindings> <client> <endpoint address="http://xyz/DataService.svc" binding="wsHttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="WSHttpBinding_IDataService" contract="CapitalJobsService.IDataService" name="WSHttpBinding_IDataService"> <identity> <dns value="localhost"/> </identity> </endpoint> </client> </system.serviceModel> I am using "Fiddler" to track the activities it is reading and terminating file like * FIDDLER: RawDisplay truncated at 16384 characters. Right-click to disable truncation. * But in config the number 16348 is not mentioned anywhere. Can you figure out if the error is on client or server side? The settings above are on the client side. Thanks in advance.

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• How to stream semi-live audio over internet

  - by Thomas Tempelmann

  I want to write something like Skype, i.e. I have a constant audio stream on one computer and then recompress it in a format that's suitable for a latent internet connection, receive it on the other end and play it. Let's also assume that the internet connection is fairly modern and fast, i.e. DSL or alike, no slow connections over phone and such. The involved computers will also be rather modern (Dual Core Intel CPUs at 2GHz or more). I know how to handle the audio on the machines. What I don't know is how to transmit the audio in an efficient way. The challenges are: I'd like get good audio quality across the line. The stream should be received without drops. The stream may, however, be received with a little delay (a second delay is acceptable). I imagine that the transport software could first determine the average (and max) latency, then start the stream and tell the receiver to wait for that max latency before starting to play the audio. With that, if the latency doesn't get any higher, the entire stream will be playable on the other side without stutter or drops. If, due to unexpected IP latencies or blockages, the stream does get cut off, I want to be able to notice this so that I can take actions (e.g. abort the stream) and eventually start a new transmission. What are my options if I want do use ready-made software for the compression and tranmission? I have no intention to write my own audio compression engine, really. OTOH, I plan to sell the solution in a vertical market, meaning I can afford a few dollars of license fees per copy, but not $100s. I guess the simplest solution would be to just open a TCP stream, send a few packets back and forth to determine their running time (or even use UDP for that), then use the results as the guide for my max latency value, then simply fire the audio data in its raw form (uncompressed 16 bit stereo), along with a timing code over the TCP connection. The receiver reads the data and plays it with the pre-determined delay. That might just work with the type of fast connection I expect. I just wonder if there are better solutions to reach this goal, with better performance (lower latency) and less data (compressed). BTW, I first try to implement this on OS X, but might want to do it on Windows, too, if it proves successful.

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• Rewriting Live TCP/IP (Layer 4) (i.e. Socket Layer) Streams

  - by user213060

  I have a simple problem which I'm sure someone here has done before... I want to rewrite Layer 4 TCP/IP streams (Not lower layer individual packets or frames.) Ettercap's etterfilter command lets you perform simple live replacements of Layer 4 TCP/IP streams based on fixed strings or regexes. Example ettercap scripting code: if (ip.proto == TCP && tcp.dst == 80) { if (search(DATA.data, "gzip")) { replace("gzip", " "); msg("whited out gzip\n"); } } if (ip.proto == TCP && tcp.dst == 80) { if (search(DATA.data, "deflate")) { replace("deflate", " "); msg("whited out deflate\n"); } } http://ettercap.sourceforge.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2833 I would like to rewrite streams based on my own filter program instead of just simple string replacements. Anyone have an idea of how to do this? Is there anything other than Ettercap that can do live replacement like this, maybe as a plugin to a VPN software or something? I would like to have a configuration similar to ettercap's silent bridged sniffing configuration between two Ethernet interfaces. This way I can silently filter traffic coming from either direction with no NATing problems. Note that my filter is an application that acts as a pipe filter, similar to the design of unix command-line filters: >[eth0] <----------> [my filter] <----------> [eth1]< What I am already aware of, but are not suitable: Tun/Tap - Works at the lower packet layer, I need to work with the higher layer streams. Ettercap - I can't find any way to do replacements other than the restricted capabilities in the example above. Hooking into some VPN software? - I just can't figure out which or exactly how. libnetfilter_queue - Works with lower layer packets, not TCP/IP streams. Again, the rewriting should occur at the transport layer (Layer 4) as it does in this example, instead of a lower layer packet-based approach. Exact code will help immensely! Thanks!

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• getting service from wsdd via xpath not wroking (xmltask)

  - by subes

  Hi, I am trying to get the XPath "/deployment/service". Tested on this site: http://www.xmlme.com/XpathTool.aspx <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <deployment xmlns="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/" xmlns:java="http://xml.apache.org /axis/wsdd/providers/java"> <service name="kontowebservice" provider="java:RPC" style="rpc" use="literal"> <parameter name="wsdlTargetNamespace" value="http://strategies.spine"/> <parameter name="wsdlServiceElement" value="ExposerService"/> <parameter name="wsdlServicePort" value="kontowebservice"/> <parameter name="className" value="dmd4biz.container.webservice.konto.internal.KontoWebServiceImpl_WS"/> <parameter name="wsdlPortType" value="Exposer"/> <parameter name="typeMappingVersion" value="1.2"/> <operation xmlns:operNS="http://strategies.spine" xmlns:rtns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="expose" qname="operNS:expose" returnQName="exposeReturn" returnType="rtns:anyType" soapAction=""> <parameter xmlns:tns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" qname="in0" type="tns:anyType"/> </operation> <parameter name="allowedMethods" value="expose"/> <parameter name="scope" value="Request"/> </service> </deployment> I absolutely can't find out why it always tells me that my xpath does not match... This may be stupid, but am I missing something? EDIT Thanks to the answer from Dimitre Novatchev I was able to find a workaround: <xmltask failwithoutmatch="true" report="false"> <fileset dir="${src.gen}/" includes="**/*-deploy.wsdd" /> <copy path="//*[local-name()='service']" buffer="tmpServiceBuf" append="true" /> </xmltask> <xmltask failwithoutmatch="true" report="false" source="${basedir}/env/axis/WEB-INF/server-config.wsdd" dest="${build.stage}/resources/WEB-INF/server-config.wsdd"> <insert path="//*[local-name()='transport'][last()]" buffer="tmpServiceBuf" position="after" /> </xmltask> Binding namespaces with xmltask (which is the tool that gave me the headaches) seems not to be possible. The code above did the trick.

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• Configuring Cisco 877W router from scratch for DHCP, WiFi, ADSL2+, NAT

  - by David M Williams

  Hi all, I apologise if this is a BIG question but I am quite lost with the Cisco IOS. I know what I want to achieve just not how to do it :( I have a Cisco 877W router with 4 FastEthernet interfaces, 1 ATM interface and 1 802.11 Radio. I want to set it up for a small network and am trying to construct a configuration below. I was using Google to try and flesh it out but I think I need help and guidance from actual experts! If it helps, output from show ver says Cisco IOS software, C870 software (C870-ADVSECURITYK9-M), version 12.4(4)T7, release software (fc1) ROM: System bootstrap, version 12.3(8r)YI4, release software Here's what I have so far, which hopefully outlines clearly enough what I am wanting to do. The bits in angle brackets are placeholders (eg the secret password). ! ! Set router hostname ! hostname Shazam ! ! Set usernames and passwords ! username david privilege 15 secret 0 <PASSWORD> enable secret <SECRETPASSWORD> ! ! Configure SSH and telnet access ! line vty 0 4 privilege level 15 login local transport input telnet ssh ! ! Local logging ! logging buffered 51200 warning ! ! Set date and time for NSW, Australia (GMT +10h) ! ! ! Set router IP address to 192.168.1.1 on FastEthernet0 port ! interface FastEthernet0 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 no shut ip nat inside ! ! Forward any unknown DNS requests to Google ! ip dns server ip name-server 8.8.8.8 ip name-server 8.8.4.4 ! ! Set up DHCP ! DHCP pool covers 192.168.1.100 - .199 ! Set gateway and DNS server to be the router, ie 192.168.1.1 ! service dhcp ip routing ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.99 ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.200 192.168.1.255 ip dhcp pool <DHCPPOOLNAME> network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 default-router 192.168.1.1 dns-server 192.168.1.1 lease 7 ! ! DHCP reservations ! ! Assign IP address 192.168.1.105 to MAC address 00-21-5D-2F-58-04 ! ! Configure ADSL2 connection details ! interface atm dsl operating-mode adsl2+ ! ! Set up NAT rules ! ! Forward port 35394 to 192.168.1.105 ! ! Set up WiFi ! ! SSID visible, WPA2 security, Pre-shared key I'm hoping most of this is boiler-plate stuff to you guys. I'm keen to not just get a working script but to actually understand it also. Unfortunately, I'm finding the Cisco reference material online very complex. Thank you!

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• OpenSwan IPSec phase #2 complications

  - by XXL

  Phase #1 (IKE) succeeds without any problems (verified at the target host). Phase #2 (IPSec), however, is erroneous at some point (apparently due to misconfiguration on localhost). This should be an IPSec-only connection. I am using OpenSwan on Debian. The error log reads the following (the actual IP-addr. of the remote endpoint has been modified): pluto[30868]: "x" #2: initiating Quick Mode PSK+ENCRYPT+PFS+UP+IKEv2ALLOW+SAREFTRACK {using isakmp#1 msgid:5ece82ee proposal=AES(12)_256-SHA1(2)_160 pfsgroup=OAKLEY_GROUP_DH22} pluto[30868]: "x" #1: ignoring informational payload, type NO_PROPOSAL_CHOSEN msgid=00000000 pluto[30868]: "x" #1: received and ignored informational message pluto[30868]: "x" #1: the peer proposed: 0.0.0.0/0:0/0 - 0.0.0.0/0:0/0 pluto[30868]: "x" #3: responding to Quick Mode proposal {msgid:a4f5a81c} pluto[30868]: "x" #3: us: 192.168.1.76<192.168.1.76[+S=C] pluto[30868]: "x" #3: them: 222.222.222.222<222.222.222.222[+S=C]===10.196.0.0/17 pluto[30868]: "x" #3: transition from state STATE_QUICK_R0 to state STATE_QUICK_R1 pluto[30868]: "x" #3: STATE_QUICK_R1: sent QR1, inbound IPsec SA installed, expecting QI2 pluto[30868]: "x" #1: ignoring informational payload, type NO_PROPOSAL_CHOSEN msgid=00000000 pluto[30868]: "x" #1: received and ignored informational message pluto[30868]: "x" #3: next payload type of ISAKMP Hash Payload has an unknown value: 97 X pluto[30868]: "x" #3: malformed payload in packet pluto[30868]: | payload malformed after IV I am behind NAT and this is all coming from wlan2. Here are the details: default via 192.168.1.254 dev wlan2 proto static 169.254.0.0/16 dev wlan2 scope link metric 1000 192.168.1.0/24 dev wlan2 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.76 metric 2 Output of ipsec verify: Checking your system to see if IPsec got installed and started correctly: Version check and ipsec on-path [OK] Linux Openswan U2.6.37/K3.2.0-24-generic (netkey) Checking for IPsec support in kernel [OK] SAref kernel support [N/A] NETKEY: Testing XFRM related proc values [OK] [OK] [OK] Checking that pluto is running [OK] Pluto listening for IKE on udp 500 [OK] Pluto listening for NAT-T on udp 4500 [OK] Two or more interfaces found, checking IP forwarding [OK] Checking NAT and MASQUERADEing [OK] Checking for 'ip' command [OK] Checking /bin/sh is not /bin/dash [WARNING] Checking for 'iptables' command [OK] Opportunistic Encryption Support [DISABLED] This is what happens when I run ipsec auto --up x: 104 "x" #1: STATE_MAIN_I1: initiate 003 "x" #1: received Vendor ID payload [RFC 3947] method set to=109 106 "x" #1: STATE_MAIN_I2: sent MI2, expecting MR2 003 "x" #1: received Vendor ID payload [Cisco-Unity] 003 "x" #1: received Vendor ID payload [Dead Peer Detection] 003 "x" #1: ignoring unknown Vendor ID payload [502099ff84bd4373039074cf56649aad] 003 "x" #1: received Vendor ID payload [XAUTH] 003 "x" #1: NAT-Traversal: Result using RFC 3947 (NAT-Traversal): i am NATed 108 "x" #1: STATE_MAIN_I3: sent MI3, expecting MR3 004 "x" #1: STATE_MAIN_I4: ISAKMP SA established {auth=OAKLEY_PRESHARED_KEY cipher=aes_128 prf=oakley_sha group=modp1024} 117 "x" #2: STATE_QUICK_I1: initiate 010 "x" #2: STATE_QUICK_I1: retransmission; will wait 20s for response 010 "x" #2: STATE_QUICK_I1: retransmission; will wait 40s for response 031 "x" #2: max number of retransmissions (2) reached STATE_QUICK_I1. No acceptable response to our first Quick Mode message: perhaps peer likes no proposal 000 "x" #2: starting keying attempt 2 of at most 3, but releasing whack I have enabled NAT traversal in ipsec.conf accordingly. Here are the settings relative to the connection in question: version 2.0 config setup plutoopts="--perpeerlog" plutoopts="--interface=wlan2" dumpdir=/var/run/pluto/ nat_traversal=yes virtual_private=%v4:10.0.0.0/8,%v4:192.168.0.0/16,%v4:172.16.0.0/12 oe=off protostack=netkey conn x authby=secret pfs=yes auto=add phase2alg=aes256-sha1;dh22 keyingtries=3 ikelifetime=8h type=transport left=192.168.1.76 leftsubnet=192.168.1.0/24 leftprotoport=0/0 right=222.222.222.222 rightsubnet=10.196.0.0/17 rightprotoport=0/0 Here are the specs provided by the other end that must be met for Phase #2: encryption algorithm: AES (128 or 256 bit) hash algorithm: SHA local ident1 (addr/mask/prot/port): (10.196.0.0/255.255.128.0/0/0) local ident2 (addr/mask/prot/port): (10.241.0.0/255.255.0.0/0/0) remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (x.x.x.x/x.x.x.x/0/0) (internal network or localhost) Security association lifetime: 4608000 kilobytes/3600 seconds PFS: DH group2 So, finally, what might be the cause of the issue that I am experiencing? Thank you.

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• Visiting the Emtel Data Centre

  Back in February at the first event of the Emtel Knowledge Series (EKS) I spoke to various people at Emtel about their data centre here on the island. I was trying to see whether it would be possible to arrange a meeting over there for a selected group of our community members. Well, let's say it like this... My first approach wasn't that promising and far from successful but during the following months there were more and more occasions to get in touch with the "right" contact persons at Emtel to make it happen... Setting up an appointment and pre-requisites The major improvement came during a Boot Camp for Windows Phone 8.1 App development organised by Microsoft Indian Ocean Islands in cooperation with Emtel at the Emtel World, Ebene. Apart from learning bits and pieces regarding Universal Apps I took the opportunity to get in touch with Arvin Lockee, Sales Executive - Data, during our lunch break. And this really kicked off the whole procedure. Prior to get access to the Emtel data centre it is requested that you provide full name and National ID of anyone going to visit. Also, it should be noted that there was only a limited amount of seats available. Anyways, packed with this information I posted through the usual social media channels. Responses came in very quickly and based on First-come, first-serve (FCFS) principle I noted down the details and forwarded them to Emtel in order to fix a date and time for the visit. In preparation on our side, all attendees exchanged contact details and we organised transport options to go to the data centre in Arsenal. The day before and on the day of our meeting, Arvin send me a reminder to check whether everything is still confirmed and ready to go... Of course, it was! Arriving at the Emtel Data Centre As I'm coming from Flic En Flac towards the North, we agreed that I'm going to pick up a couple of young fellows near the old post office in Port Louis. All went well, except that Sean eventually might be living in another time zone compared to the rest of us. Anyway, after some extended stop we were complete and arrived just in time in Arsenal to meet and greet with Ish and Veer. Again, Emtel is taking access procedures to their data centre very serious and the gate stayed close until all our IDs had been noted and compared to the list of registered attendees. Despite having a good laugh at the mixture of old and new ID cards it was a straight-forward processing. The ward was very helpful and guided us to the waiting area at the entrance section of the building. Shortly after we were welcomed by Kamlesh Bokhoree, the Data Centre Officer. He gave us brief introduction into the rules and regulations during our visit, like no photography allowed, not touching the buttons, and following his instructions through the whole visit. Of course! Inside the data centre Next, he explained us the multi-factor authentication system using a combination of bio-metric data, like finger print reader, and "classic" pin panel. The Emtel data centre provides multiple services and next to co-location for your own hardware they also offer storage options for your backup and archive data in their massive, fire-resistant vault. Very impressive to get to know about the considerations that have been done in choosing the right location and how to set up the whole premises. It should also be noted that there is 24/7 CCTV surveillance inside and outside the buildings. Strengths of the Emtel TIER 3 Data Centre, Mauritius Finally, we were guided into the first server room. And wow, the whole setup is cleverly planned and outlined in the architecture. From the false floor and ceilings in order to provide optimum air flow, over to the separation of cold and hot aisles between the full-size server racks, and of course the monitored air conditions in order to analyse and watch changes in temperature, smoke detection and other parameters. And not surprisingly everything has been implemented in two independent circuits. There is a standardised classification for the construction and operation of data centres world-wide, and the Emtel's one has been designed to be a TIER 4 building but due to the lack of an alternative power supplier on the island it is officially registered as a TIER 3 compliant data centre. Maybe in the long run there might be a second supplier of energy next to CEB... time will tell. Luckily, the data centre is integrated into the National Fibre Optic Gigabit Ring and Emtel already connects internationally through diverse undersea cable routes like SAFE & LION/LION2 out of Mauritius and through several other providers for onwards connectivity. The data centre is part of the National Fibre Optic Gigabit Ring and has redundant internet connectivity onwards. Meanwhile, Arvin managed to join our little group of geeks and he supported Kamlesh in answering our technical questions regarding the capacities and general operation of the data centre. Visiting the NOC and its dedicated team of IT professionals was surely one of the visual highlights. Seeing their wall of screens to monitor any kind of activities on the data lines, the managed servers and the activity in and around the building was great. Even though I'm using a multi-head setup since years I cannot keep it up with that setup... ;-) But I got a couple of ideas on how to improve my work spaces here at the office. Clear advantages of hosting your e-commerce and mobile backends locally After the completely isolated NOC area we continued our Q&A session with Kamlesh and Arvin in the second server room which is dedictated to shared environments. On first thought it should be well-noted that there is lots of space for full-sized racks and therefore co-location of your own hardware. Actually, given the feedback that there will be upcoming changes in prices the facilities at the Emtel data centre are getting more and more competitive and interesting for local companies, especially small and medium enterprises. After seeing this world-class infrastructure available on the island, I'm already considering of moving one of my root servers abroad to be co-located here on the island. This would provide an improved user experience in terms of site performance and latency. This would be a good improvement, especially for upcoming e-commerce solutions for two of my local clients. Later on, we actually started the conversation of additional services that could be a catalyst for the local market in order to attract more small and medium companies to take the data centre into their evaluations regarding online activities. Until today Emtel does not provide virtualised server environments but there might be ongoing plans in the future to cover this field as well. Emtel is a mobile operator and internet connectivity provider in the first place, entering a market of managed and virtualised server infrastructures including capacities in terms of cloud storage and computing are rather new and there is a continuous learning curve at Emtel, too. You cannot just jump into a new market and see how it works out... And I appreciate Emtel's approach towards a solid fundament and then building new services on top of that. Emtel as a future one-stop-shop service provider for all your internet and telecommunications needs. Emtel's promotional video about their TIER 3 data centre in Arsenal, Mauritius More details are thoroughly described in Emtel's brochure of their data centre. Check out their PDF document here. Thanks for this opportunity Visiting and walking through the Emtel data centre for more than 2 hours was a great experience. As representative of the Mauritius Software Craftsmanship Community (MSCC) I would like to thank anyone at Emtel involved in the process of making it happen, and especially to Arvin Lockee and Kamlesh Bokhoree for their time and patience in explaining the infrastructure and answering all the endless questions from our members. Thank You!

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• Courier Maildrop error user unknown. Command output: Invalid user specified

  - by cad

  Hello I have a problem with maildrop. I have read dozens of webs/howto/emails but couldnt solve it. My objective is moving automatically spam messages to a spam folder. My email server is working perfectly. It marks spam in subject and headers using spamassasin. My box has: Ubuntu 9.04 Web: Apache2 + Php5 + MySQL MTA: Postfix 2.5.5 + SpamAssasin + virtual users using mysql IMAP: Courier 0.61.2 + Courier AuthLib WebMail: SquirrelMail I have read that I could use Squirrelmail directly (not a good idea), procmail or maildrop. As I already have maildrop in the box (from courier) I have configured the server to use maildrop (added an entry in transport table for a virtual domain). I found this error in email: This is the mail system at host foo.net I'm sorry to have to inform you that your message could not be delivered to one or more recipients. It's attached below. For further assistance, please send mail to postmaster. If you do so, please include this problem report. You can delete your own text from the attached returned message. The mail system <[email protected]>: user unknown. Command output: Invalid user specified. Final-Recipient: rfc822; [email protected] Action: failed Status: 5.1.1 Diagnostic-Code: x-unix; Invalid user specified. ---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: test <[email protected]> To: [email protected] Date: Sat, 1 May 2010 19:49:57 +0100 Subject: fail fail An this in the logs May 1 18:50:18 foo.net postfix/smtpd[14638]: connect from mail-bw0-f212.google.com[209.85.218.212] May 1 18:50:19 foo.net postfix/smtpd[14638]: 8A9E9DC23F: client=mail-bw0-f212.google.com[209.85.218.212] May 1 18:50:19 foo.net postfix/cleanup[14643]: 8A9E9DC23F: message-id=<[email protected]> May 1 18:50:19 foo.net postfix/qmgr[14628]: 8A9E9DC23F: from=<[email protected]>, size=1858, nrcpt=1 (queue active) May 1 18:50:23 foo.net postfix/pickup[14627]: 1D4B4DC2AA: uid=5002 from=<[email protected]> May 1 18:50:23 foo.net postfix/cleanup[14643]: 1D4B4DC2AA: message-id=<[email protected]> May 1 18:50:23 foo.net postfix/pipe[14644]: 8A9E9DC23F: to=<[email protected]>, relay=spamassassin, delay=3.8, delays=0.55/0.02/0/3.2, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered via spamassassin service) May 1 18:50:23 foo.net postfix/qmgr[14628]: 8A9E9DC23F: removed May 1 18:50:23 foo.net postfix/qmgr[14628]: 1D4B4DC2AA: from=<[email protected]>, size=2173, nrcpt=1 (queue active) **May 1 18:50:23 foo.netpostfix/pipe[14648]: 1D4B4DC2AA: to=<[email protected]>, relay=maildrop, delay=0.22, delays=0.06/0.01/0/0.15, dsn=5.1.1, status=bounced (user unknown. Command output: Invalid user specified. )** May 1 18:50:23 foo.net postfix/cleanup[14643]: 4C2BFDC240: message-id=<[email protected]> May 1 18:50:23 foo.net postfix/qmgr[14628]: 4C2BFDC240: from=<>, size=3822, nrcpt=1 (queue active) May 1 18:50:23 foo.net postfix/bounce[14651]: 1D4B4DC2AA: sender non-delivery notification: 4C2BFDC240 May 1 18:50:23 foo.net postfix/qmgr[14628]: 1D4B4DC2AA: removed May 1 18:50:24 foo.net postfix/smtp[14653]: 4C2BFDC240: to=<[email protected]>, relay=gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[209.85.211.97]:25, delay=0.91, delays=0.02/0.03/0.12/0.74, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 OK 1272739824 37si5422420ywh.59) May 1 18:50:24 foo.net postfix/qmgr[14628]: 4C2BFDC240: removed My config files: http://lar3d.net/main.cf (/etc/postfix) http://lar3d.net/master.c (/etc/postfix) http://lar3d.net/local.cf (/etc/spamassasin) http://lar3d.net/maildroprc (maildroprc) If I change master.cf line (as suggested here) maildrop unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/lib/courier/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient} with maildrop unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/lib/courier/bin/maildrop -d vmail ${recipient} I get the email in /home/vmail/MailDir instead of the correct dir (/home/vmail/foo.net/info/.SPAM ) After reading a lot I have some guess but not sure. - Maybe I have to install userdb? - Maybe is something related with mysql, but everything is working ok - If I try with procmail I will face same problem... - What are flags DRhu for? Couldnt find doc about them - In some places I found maildrop line with more parameters flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/lib/courier/bin/maildrop -d $ ${recipient} ${extension} ${recipient} ${user} ${nexthop} ${sender} I am really lost. Dont know how to continue. If you have any idea or need another config file please let me know. Thanks!!!

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• postfix: Temporary lookup failure for FQDN

  - by Thufir

  I'm using the FQDN of dur.bounceme.net which I want to resolve(?) to localhost. That is, I want mail to [email protected] to get delivered to user@localhost. I've tried following the Ubuntu guide on this and seem to be going in circles a bit. root@dur:~# root@dur:~# postfix stop postfix/postfix-script: stopping the Postfix mail system root@dur:~# postfix start postfix/postfix-script: starting the Postfix mail system root@dur:~# telnet dur.bounceme.net 25 Trying 127.0.1.1... telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused root@dur:~# root@dur:~# telnet localhost 25 Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to localhost. Escape character is '^]'. 220 dur.bounceme.net ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu) ehlo dur 250-dur.bounceme.net 250-PIPELINING 250-SIZE 10240000 250-VRFY 250-ETRN 250-STARTTLS 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-8BITMIME 250 DSN mail from:[email protected] 250 2.1.0 Ok rcpt to:[email protected] 451 4.3.0 <[email protected]>: Temporary lookup failure rcpt to:thufir@localhost 451 4.3.0 <thufir@localhost>: Temporary lookup failure quit 221 2.0.0 Bye Connection closed by foreign host. root@dur:~# root@dur:~# grep telnet /var/log/mail.log Aug 28 00:24:45 dur postfix/smtpd[18256]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from localhost[127.0.0.1]: 451 4.3.0 <thufir@localhost>: Temporary lookup failure; from=<[email protected]> to=<thufir@localhost> proto=ESMTP helo=<dur> Aug 28 00:24:58 dur postfix/smtpd[18256]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from localhost[127.0.0.1]: 451 4.3.0 <[email protected]>: Temporary lookup failure; from=<[email protected]> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<dur> Aug 28 00:54:55 dur postfix/smtpd[18825]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from localhost[127.0.0.1]: 451 4.3.0 <[email protected]>: Temporary lookup failure; from=<[email protected]> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<dur> Aug 28 00:55:08 dur postfix/smtpd[18825]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from localhost[127.0.0.1]: 451 4.3.0 <thufir@localhost>: Temporary lookup failure; from=<[email protected]> to=<thufir@localhost> proto=ESMTP helo=<dur> root@dur:~# root@dur:~# postconf -n alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases, hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes config_directory = /etc/postfix default_transport = smtp home_mailbox = Maildir/ inet_interfaces = loopback-only mailbox_command = /usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -c /etc/dovecot/conf.d/01-mail-stack-delivery.conf -m "${EXTENSION}" mailbox_size_limit = 0 mailman_destination_recipient_limit = 1 mydestination = dur, dur.bounceme.net, localhost.bounceme.net, localhost myhostname = dur.bounceme.net mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 readme_directory = no recipient_delimiter = + relay_domains = lists.dur.bounceme.net relay_transport = relay relayhost = smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtp_use_tls = yes smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname smtpd_sasl_path = private/dovecot-auth smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-mail.pem smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/ssl-mail.key smtpd_tls_mandatory_ciphers = medium smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = SSLv3, TLSv1 smtpd_tls_received_header = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_use_tls = yes tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport root@dur:~#

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• Postfix MySql Dovecot - SMTP Authentication Failure

  - by borncamp

  Hello I have a Postfix setup with Dovecot and MySql. The server is running Debian Squeeze. The MySql server is a slave that has data pushed to it from a primary (postfix) mail server(running a different os). The emails are stored on a replicated GlusterFS volume. I am able to check email using thunderbird over IMAP. However, SMTP requests fail. After turning on query logs for the MySql server I have noticed that no query statement is executed to retrieve the user information when an SMTP client tries to authenticate. I'd like to know what I'm doing wrong or what the next troubleshooting steps are. I'm about to pull my hair out. Below is some log and configuration data that I thought would be relevant. You're help is much obliged. The file /var/log/mail.log shows Oct 11 14:54:16 mailbox2 postfix/smtpd[25017]: connect from unknown[192.168.0.44] Oct 11 14:54:19 mailbox2 postfix/smtpd[25017]: warning: unknown[192.168.0.44]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: Oct 11 14:54:25 mailbox2 postfix/smtpd[25017]: warning: unknown[192.168.0.44]: SASL LOGIN authentication failed: VXNlcm5hbWU6 Oct 11 14:55:48 mailbox2 postfix/smtpd[25017]: warning: unknown[192.168.0.44]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: VXNlcm5hbWU6 Oct 11 14:55:54 mailbox2 postfix/smtpd[25017]: warning: unknown[192.168.0.44]: SASL LOGIN authentication failed: VXNlcm5hbWU6 Oct 11 14:55:57 mailbox2 postfix/smtpd[25017]: disconnect from unknown[192.168.0.44] This is my dovecot.conf file log_timestamp = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S " mail_location = maildir:/var/mail/virtual/%d/%n/ auth_mechanisms = plain login disable_plaintext_auth = no namespace { inbox = yes location = prefix = INBOX. separator = . type = private } passdb { args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-mysql.conf driver = sql } protocols = imap pop3 service auth { unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth { group = postfix mode = 0660 user = postfix } unix_listener auth-master { mode = 0600 user = postfix } user = root } ssl_cert = </etc/ssl/certs/dovecot.pem ssl_key = </etc/ssl/private/dovecot.pem userdb { args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-mysql.conf driver = sql } protocol lda { auth_socket_path = /var/run/dovecot/auth-master mail_plugins = sieve postmaster_address = [email protected] } protocol pop3 { pop3_uidl_format = %08Xu%08Xv } Here is my dovecot-mysql.conf file: connect = host=127.0.0.1 dbname=postfix user=postfix password=ffjM2MYAqQtAzRHX driver = mysql default_pass_scheme = MD5-CRYPT password_query = SELECT username AS user,password FROM mailbox WHERE username = '%u' AND active='1' user_query = SELECT CONCAT('/var/mail/virtual/', maildir) AS home, 1001 AS uid, 109 AS gid, CONCAT('*:messages=10000:bytes=',quota) as quota_rule, 'Trash:ignore' AS quota_rule2 FROM mailbox WHERE username = '%u' AND active='1' Here is my output from 'postconf -n': append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no bounce_template_file = /etc/postfix/bounce.cf broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes config_directory = /etc/postfix delay_warning_time = 0h dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1 inet_interfaces = all local_recipient_maps = $virtual_mailbox_maps local_transport = virtual mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION" mailbox_size_limit = 0 maximal_queue_lifetime = 1d message_size_limit = 25600000 mydestination = mailbox2.cws.net, debian.local.cws.net, localhost.local.cws.net, localhost myhostname = mailbox2.cws.net mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 172.18.0.119 63.164.138.3 myorigin = /etc/mailname proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks $virtual_mailbox_limit_maps readme_directory = no recipient_delimiter = + relay_domains = relayhost = smtp_connect_timeout = 10 smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Debian/GNU) smtpd_client_message_rate_limit = 50 smtpd_client_recipient_rate_limit = 500 smtpd_client_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks smtpd_delay_reject = yes smtpd_discard_ehlo_keyword_address_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/discard_ehlo smtpd_helo_required = yes smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_invalid_helo_hostname, permit smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_unauth_destination smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_tls_security_options = $smtpd_sasl_security_options smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, permit smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_use_tls = yes transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_maps.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_catchall_maps.cf virtual_gid_maps = static:1001 virtual_mailbox_base = /var/mail/virtual/ virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_mailbox_maps.cf virtual_transport = dovecot virtual_uid_maps = static:1001

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• Centos 7. Freeradius fails to start on boot

  - by Alex

  I was messing around with FreeRADIUS and MySQL (MariaDB) and it seems FreeRADIUS service can't start properly on startup. But it starts fine using root user or in debug mode (radiusd -X) and works just fine! Debug mode shows no errors. systemctl command shows that radiusd.service has failed to start. /var/log/messages output: Aug 21 15:52:29 nexus-test systemd: Starting The Apache HTTP Server... Aug 21 15:52:29 nexus-test systemd: Starting MariaDB database server... Aug 21 15:52:29 nexus-test systemd: Starting FreeRADIUS high performance RADIUS server.... Aug 21 15:52:29 nexus-test systemd: Started OpenSSH server daemon. Aug 21 15:52:29 nexus-test mysqld_safe: 140821 15:52:29 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'. Aug 21 15:52:29 nexus-test mysqld_safe: 140821 15:52:29 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql Aug 21 15:52:30 nexus-test systemd: Started Postfix Mail Transport Agent. Aug 21 15:52:30 nexus-test avahi-daemon[604]: Registering new address record for fe80::250:56ff:fe85:e4af on eth0.*. Aug 21 15:52:30 nexus-test systemd: radiusd.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1 Aug 21 15:52:30 nexus-test systemd: Failed to start FreeRADIUS high performance RADIUS server.. Aug 21 15:52:30 nexus-test systemd: Unit radiusd.service entered failed state. Aug 21 15:52:31 nexus-test kdumpctl: kexec: loaded kdump kernel Aug 21 15:52:31 nexus-test kdumpctl: Starting kdump: [OK] Aug 21 15:52:31 nexus-test systemd: Started Crash recovery kernel arming. Aug 21 15:52:31 nexus-test systemd: Started The Apache HTTP Server. Aug 21 15:52:31 nexus-test systemd: Started MariaDB database server. /var/log/radius/radius.log output: Thu Aug 21 15:24:16 2014 : Info: rlm_sql (sql): Driver rlm_sql_mysql (module rlm_sql_mysql) loaded and linked Thu Aug 21 15:24:16 2014 : Info: rlm_sql (sql): Attempting to connect to database "radius" Thu Aug 21 15:24:16 2014 : Info: rlm_sql (sql): Opening additional connection (0) Thu Aug 21 15:24:16 2014 : Error: rlm_sql_mysql: Couldn't connect socket to MySQL server radius@localhost:radius Thu Aug 21 15:24:16 2014 : Error: rlm_sql_mysql: Mysql error 'Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' (2)' Thu Aug 21 15:24:16 2014 : Error: rlm_sql (sql): Opening connection failed (0) Thu Aug 21 15:24:16 2014 : Error: /etc/raddb/mods-enabled/sql[47]: Instantiation failed for module "sql" After seeing this I tried to replicate the problem, killed mariadb.service and started to run debug mode again. And it spits out the same problem as in the radius.log. I tried disabling iptables and firewalld and rebooting, but no luck: systemctl disable iptables systemctl disable firewalld So maybe the problem is in the process startup order or delay of some kind. Maybe FreeRADIUS's SQL module can't connect to not yet started MariaDB? If it, how can I fix this? In earlier versions of RHEL/CENTOS I know you easily see service start order in like rc.d or stuff, now IDK. I am new to this fancy "systemd", "systemctl", "firewalld" stuff Centos 7 introduced so sorry I'm a little bit confused. Also this new FreeRADIUS 3 structure... PS. MariaDB is enabled on startup, credentials in FR DB configuration are correct A little update: cat /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/radiusd.service output: [Unit] Description=FreeRADIUS high performance RADIUS server. After=syslog.target network.target [Service] Type=forking PIDFile=/var/run/radiusd/radiusd.pid ExecStartPre=-/bin/chown -R radiusd.radiusd /var/run/radiusd ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/radiusd -C ExecStart=/usr/sbin/radiusd -d /etc/raddb ExecReload=/usr/sbin/radiusd -C ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target

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• Combining Shared Secret and Username Token – Azure Service Bus

  - by Michael Stephenson

  As discussed in the introduction article this walkthrough will explain how you can implement WCF security with the Windows Azure Service Bus to ensure that you can protect your endpoint in the cloud with a shared secret but also flow through a username token so that in your listening WCF service you will be able to identify who sent the message. This could either be in the form of an application or a user depending on how you want to use your token. Prerequisites Before going into the walk through I want to explain a few assumptions about the scenario we are implementing but to keep the article shorter I am not going to walk through all of the steps in how to setup some of this. In the solution we have a simple console application which will represent the client application. There is also the services WCF application which contains the WCF service we will expose via the Windows Azure Service Bus. The WCF Service application in this example was hosted in IIS 7 on Windows 2008 R2 with AppFabric Server installed and configured to auto-start the WCF listening services. I am not going to go through significant detail around the IIS setup because it should not matter in relation to this article however if you want to understand more about how to configure WCF and IIS for such a scenario please refer to the following paper which goes into a lot of detail about how to configure this. The link is: http://tinyurl.com/8s5nwrz   The Service Component To begin with let's look at the service component and how it can be configured to listen to the service bus using a shared secret but to also accept a username token from the client. In the sample the service component is called Acme.Azure.ServiceBus.Poc.UN.Services. It has a single service which is the Visual Studio template for a WCF service when you add a new WCF Service Application so we have a service called Service1 with its Echo method. Nothing special so far!.... The next step is to look at the web.config file to see how we have configured the WCF service. In the services section of the WCF configuration you can see I have created my service and I have created a local endpoint which I simply used to do a little bit of diagnostics and to check it was working, but more importantly there is the Windows Azure endpoint which is using the ws2007HttpRelayBinding (note that this should also work just the same if your using netTcpRelayBinding). The key points to note on the above picture are the service behavior called MyServiceBehaviour and the service bus endpoints behavior called MyEndpointBehaviour. We will go into these in more detail later.   The Relay Binding The relay binding for the service has been configured to use the TransportWithMessageCredential security mode. This is the important bit where the transport security really relates to the interaction between the service and listening to the Azure Service Bus and the message credential is where we will use our username token like we have specified in the message/clientCrentialType attribute. Note also that we have left the relayClientAuthenticationType set to RelayAccessToken. This means that authentication will be made against ACS for accessing the service bus and messages will not be accepted from any sender who has not been authenticated by ACS.   The Endpoint Behaviour In the below picture you can see the endpoint behavior which is configured to use the shared secret client credential for accessing the service bus and also for diagnostic purposes I have included the service registry element. Hopefully if you are familiar with using Windows Azure Service Bus relay feature the above is very familiar to you and this is a very common setup for this section. There is nothing specific to the username token implementation here. The Service Behaviour Now we come to the bit with most of the username token bits in it. When you configure the service behavior I have included the serviceCredentials element and then setup to use userNameAuthentication and you can see that I have created my own custom username token validator.   This setup means that WCF will hand off to my class for validating the username token details. I have also added the serviceSecurityAudit element to give me a simple auditing of access capability. My UsernamePassword Validator The below picture shows you the details of the username password validator class I have implemented. WCF will hand off to this class when validating the token and give me a nice way to check the token credentials against an on-premise store. You have all of the validation features with a non-service bus WCF implementation available such as validating the username password against active directory or ASP.net membership features or as in my case above something much simpler.   The Client Now let's take a look at the client side of this solution and how we can configure the client to authenticate against ACS but also send a username token over to the service component so it can implement additional security checks on-premise. I have a console application and in the program class I want to use the proxy generated with Add Service Reference to send a message via the Azure Service Bus. You can see in my WCF client configuration below I have setup my details for the azure service bus url and am using the ws2007HttpRelayBinding. Next is my configuration for the relay binding. You can see below I have configured security to use TransportWithMessageCredential so we will flow the username token with the message and also the RelayAccessToken relayClientAuthenticationType which means the component will validate against ACS before being allowed to access the relay endpoint to send a message.     After the binding we need to configure the endpoint behavior like in the below picture. This is the normal configuration to use a shared secret for accessing a Service Bus endpoint.   Finally below we have the code of the client in the console application which will call the service bus. You can see that we have created our proxy and then made a normal call to a WCF service but this time we have also set the ClientCredentials to use the appropriate username and password which will be flown through the service bus and to our service which will validate them.     Conclusion As you can see from the above walkthrough it is not too difficult to configure a service to use both a shared secret and username token at the same time. This gives you the power and protection offered by the access control service in the cloud but also the ability to flow additional tokens to the on-premise component for additional security features to be implemented. Sample The sample used in this post is available at the following location: https://s3.amazonaws.com/CSCBlogSamples/Acme.Azure.ServiceBus.Poc.UN.zip

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• Setting up VPN client: L2TP with IPsec

  - by zachar

  I've got to connect to vpn server. It works on Windows, but in Ubuntu 10.04 not. Number of options is confusing for me. There is the input that I have: IP Address of VPN Pre-shared key to authenticate Information that MS-CHAPv2 is used Login and Password to VPN I was trying to achive that with network manager and with L2TP IPsec VPN Manager 1.0.9 but at failed. There is some logged information from L2TP IPsec VPN Manager 1.0.9: Nov 09 15:21:46.854 ipsec_setup: Stopping Openswan IPsec... Nov 09 15:21:48.088 Stopping xl2tpd: xl2tpd. Nov 09 15:21:48.132 ipsec_setup: Starting Openswan IPsec U2.6.23/K2.6.32-49-generic... Nov 09 15:21:48.308 ipsec__plutorun: Starting Pluto subsystem... Nov 09 15:21:48.318 ipsec__plutorun: adjusting ipsec.d to /etc/ipsec.d Nov 09 15:21:48.338 ipsec__plutorun: 002 added connection description "my_vpn_name" Nov 09 15:21:48.348 ipsec__plutorun: 003 NAT-Traversal: Trying new style NAT-T Nov 09 15:21:48.348 ipsec__plutorun: 003 NAT-Traversal: ESPINUDP(1) setup failed for new style NAT-T family IPv4 (errno=19) Nov 09 15:21:48.349 ipsec__plutorun: 003 NAT-Traversal: Trying old style NAT-T Nov 09 15:21:48.994 104 "my_vpn_name" #1: STATE_MAIN_I1: initiate Nov 09 15:21:48.994 003 "my_vpn_name" #1: received Vendor ID payload [RFC 3947] method set to=109 Nov 09 15:21:48.994 003 "my_vpn_name" #1: received Vendor ID payload [Dead Peer Detection] Nov 09 15:21:48.994 106 "my_vpn_name" #1: STATE_MAIN_I2: sent MI2, expecting MR2 Nov 09 15:21:48.994 003 "my_vpn_name" #1: NAT-Traversal: Result using RFC 3947 (NAT-Traversal): i am NATed Nov 09 15:21:48.994 108 "my_vpn_name" #1: STATE_MAIN_I3: sent MI3, expecting MR3 Nov 09 15:21:48.994 004 "my_vpn_name" #1: STATE_MAIN_I4: ISAKMP SA established {auth=OAKLEY_PRESHARED_KEY cipher=oakley_3des_cbc_192 prf=oakley_sha group=modp1024} Nov 09 15:21:48.995 117 "my_vpn_name" #2: STATE_QUICK_I1: initiate Nov 09 15:21:48.995 004 "my_vpn_name" #2: STATE_QUICK_I2: sent QI2, IPsec SA established transport mode {ESP=>0x0c96795d <0x483e1a42 xfrm=AES_128-HMAC_SHA1 NATOA=none NATD=none DPD=none} Nov 09 15:21:49.996 [ERROR 210] Failed to open l2tp control file 'c my_vpn_name' and from syslog: Nov 9 15:21:46 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Opening client connection Nov 9 15:21:46 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Executing command ipsec setup stop Nov 9 15:21:46 o99 ipsec_setup: Stopping Openswan IPsec... Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 kernel: [ 4350.245171] NET: Unregistered protocol family 15 Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 ipsec_setup: ...Openswan IPsec stopped Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Command ipsec setup stop finished with exit code 0 Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Executing command invoke-rc.d xl2tpd stop Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Command invoke-rc.d xl2tpd stop finished with exit code 0 Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Opening client connection Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Closing client connection Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Executing command ipsec setup start Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 kernel: [ 4350.312483] NET: Registered protocol family 15 Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 ipsec_setup: Starting Openswan IPsec U2.6.23/K2.6.32-49-generic... Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 ipsec_setup: Using NETKEY(XFRM) stack Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 kernel: [ 4350.410774] Initializing XFRM netlink socket Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 kernel: [ 4350.413601] padlock: VIA PadLock not detected. Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 kernel: [ 4350.427311] padlock: VIA PadLock Hash Engine not detected. Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 kernel: [ 4350.441533] padlock: VIA PadLock not detected. Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 ipsec_setup: ...Openswan IPsec started Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Command ipsec setup start finished with exit code 0 Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Executing command invoke-rc.d xl2tpd start Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 ipsec__plutorun: adjusting ipsec.d to /etc/ipsec.d Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 pluto: adjusting ipsec.d to /etc/ipsec.d Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Command invoke-rc.d xl2tpd start finished with exit code 0 Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 ipsec__plutorun: 002 added connection description "my_vpn_name" Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Executing command ipsec auto --ready Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 ipsec__plutorun: 003 NAT-Traversal: Trying new style NAT-T Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 ipsec__plutorun: 003 NAT-Traversal: ESPINUDP(1) setup failed for new style NAT-T family IPv4 (errno=19) Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 ipsec__plutorun: 003 NAT-Traversal: Trying old style NAT-T Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Command ipsec auto --ready finished with exit code 0 Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Executing command ipsec auto --up my_vpn_name Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Command ipsec auto --up my_vpn_name finished with exit code 0 Nov 9 15:21:49 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Closing client connection Can anyone tell me something more about that? Where is the mistake?

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• How I Work: Staying Productive Whilst Traveling

  - by BuckWoody

  I travel a lot. Not like some folks that are gone every week, mind you, although in the last month I’ve been to: Cambridge, UK; Anchorage, AK; San Jose, CA; Copenhagen, DK, Boston, MA; and I’m currently en-route to Anaheim, CA.  While this many places in a month is a bit unusual for me, I would say I travel frequently. I’ve travelled most of my 28+ years in IT, and at one time was a consultant traveling weekly.   With that much time away from my primary work location, I have to find ways to stay productive. Some might say “just rest – take a nap!” – but I’m not able to do that. For one thing, I’m a very light sleeper and I’ve never slept on a plane - even a 30+ hour trip to New Zealand in Business Class - so that just isn’t option. I also am not always in the plane, of course. There’s the hotel, the taxi/bus/train, the airport and then all that over again when I arrive. Since my regular jobs have many demands, I have to get work done.   Note: No, I’m not always focused on work. I need downtime just like everyone else. Sometimes I just think, watch a movie or listen to tunes – and I give myself permission to do that anytime – sometimes the whole trip. I have too fewheartbeats left in life to only focus on work – it’s just not that important, and neither am I. Some of these tasks are letters to friends and family, or other personal things. What I’m talking about here is a plan, not some task list I have to follow. When I get to the location I’m traveling to, I always build in as much time as I can to ensure I enjoy those sights and the people I’m with. I would find traveling to be a waste if not for that.   The Unrealistic Expectation As I would evaluate the trip I was taking – say a 6-8 hour flight – I would expect to get 10-12 hours of work done. After all, there’s the time at the airport, the taxi and so on, and then of course the time in the air with all of the room, power, internet and everything else I needed to get my work done. I would pile up tasks at home, pack my bags, and head happily to the magical land of the TSA.   Right. On return from the trip, I had accomplished little, had more e-mails and other work that had piled up, and I was tired, hungry, and unorganized. This had to change. So, I decided to do three things: Segment my work Set realistic expectations Plan accordingly  Segmenting By Available Resources The first task was to decide what kind of work I could do in each location – if any. I found that I was dependent on a few things to get work done, such as power, the Internet, and a place to sit down. Before I fly, I take some time at home to get all of the work I’d like to accomplish while away segmented into these areas, and print that out on paper, which goes in my suit-coat pocket along with a mechanical pencil. I print my tickets, and I’m all set for the adventure ahead. Then I simply do each kind of work whenever I’m in that situation. No power There are certain times when I don’t have power available. But not only that, I might not even be able to use most of my electronics. So I now schedule as many phone calls as I can for the taxi/bus/train ride and the airports as I can. I have a paper notebook (Moleskine, of course) and a pencil and I print out any notes or numbers I need prior to the trip. Once I’m airborne or at the airport, I work on my laptop. I check and respond to e-mails, create slides, write code, do architecture, whatever I can.  If I can’t use any electronics, or once the power runs out, I schedule time for reading. I can read at the airport or anywhere, actually, even in-flight or any other transport. I “read with a pencil”, meaning I take a lot of notes, which I liketo put in OneNote, but since in most cases I don’t have power, I use the Moleskine to do that. Speaking of which, sometimes as I’m thinking I come up with new topics, ideas, blog posts, or things to teach in my classes. Once again I take out the notebook and write it down. All of these notes get a check-mark when I get back to the office and transfer the writing to OneNote. I’ve tried those “smart pens” and so on to automate this, but it just never works out. Pencil and paper are just fine. As I mentioned, sometime I just need to think. I’ll do nothing, and let my mind wander, thinking of nothing in particular, or some math problem or science question I’m interested in. My only issue with this is that I communicate tothink, and I don’t want to drive people crazy by being that guy that won’t shut up, so I think in a different way. Power, but no Internet or Phone If I have power but no Internet or phone, I focus on the laptop and the tablet as before, and I also recharge my other gadgets. Power, Internet, Phone and a Place to Work At first I thought that when I arrived at the hotel or event I could get the same amount of work done that I do at the office. Not so. There’s simply too many distractions, things you need, or other issues that allow this. Of course, Ican work on any device, read, think, write or whatever, but I am simply not as productive as I am in my home office. So I plan for about 25-50% as much work getting done in this environment as I think I could really do. I’ve done some measurements, and this holds out to be true almost every time. The key is that I re-set my expectations (and my co-worker’s expectations as well) that this is the case. I use the Out-Of-Office notices to let people know that I’m just not going to be 100% at this time – it’s hard for everyone, but it’s more honest and realistic, and I’d rather they know that – and that I realize that – than to let them think I’m totally available. Because I’m not – I’m traveling. I don’t tend to put too much detail, because after all I don’t necessarily want to let people know when I’m not home :) but I do think it’s important to let people that depend on my know that I’ll get back with them later. I hope this helps you think through your own methodology of staying productive when you travel. Or perhaps you just go offline, and don’t worry about any of this – good for you! That’s completely valid as well.   (Oh, and yes, I wrote this at 35K feet, on Alaska Airlines on a trip. :)  Practice what you preach, Buck.)

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• How to get ISA 2006 Web Proxy to work with the Single Network Adapter template

  - by tronda

  I need to test an issue with running our application behind a proxy server with different type of configurations, so I installed ISA 2006 Enterprise on a desktop computer. Since this computer only has a single network card and I want to start out easy, I chose the "Single Network Adapter" template. We have a internal NAT'ed network which is in the 10 range. I have defined the internal network on the ISA server to be 10.XXX.YY.1 - 10.XXX.YY.255 I also have the Default rule which denies all traffic, but I've added the following Rule: Policy - Protocols - From - To Accept HTTP Internal External HTTPS Local Host Internal HTTS Server Localhost Then I configured Internet Explorer on a virutal machine running XP within virtualbox with Brigded network (gets same network address range as regular computers on our network) similar to this Instead of the server name I used the IP address. When I try to access a web page, this doesn't go through and I get the following log messages on the proxy server: Original Client IP Client Agent Authenticated Client Service Referring Server Destination Host Name Transport HTTP Method MIME Type Object Source Source Proxy Destination Proxy Bidirectional Client Host Name Filter Information Network Interface Raw IP Header Raw Payload GMT Log Time Source Port Processing Time Bytes Sent Bytes Received Cache Information Error Information Authentication Server Log Time Client IP Destination IP Destination Port Protocol Action Rule Result Code HTTP Status Code Client Username Source Network Destination Network URL Server Name Log Record Type 10.XXX.YY.174 - TCP - - - 24.08.2010 13:25:24 1080 0 0 0 0x0 0x0 - 24.08.2010 06:25:24 10.XXX.YY.174 10.XXX.YY.175 80 HTTP Initiated Connection MyHTTPAccess 0x0 ERROR_SUCCESS Internal Local Host - PROXYTEST Firewall 10.XXX.YY.175 - TCP - - - 24.08.2010 13:25:24 2275 0 0 0 0x0 0x0 - 24.08.2010 06:25:24 10.XXX.YY.175 10.XXX.YY.175 80 HTTP Initiated Connection 0x0 ERROR_SUCCESS Local Host Local Host - PROXYTEST Firewall 10.XXX.YY.175 - TCP - - - 24.08.2010 13:25:25 2275 0 0 0 0x0 0x0 - 24.08.2010 06:25:25 10.XXX.YY.175 10.XXX.YY.175 80 HTTP Closed Connection 0x80074e20 FWX_E_GRACEFUL_SHUTDOWN Local Host Local Host - PROXYTEST Firewall 10.XXX.YY.175 - TCP - - - 24.08.2010 13:25:25 2276 0 0 0 0x0 0x0 - 24.08.2010 06:25:25 10.XXX.YY.175 10.XXX.YY.175 80 HTTP Initiated Connection 0x0 ERROR_SUCCESS Local Host Local Host - PROXYTEST Firewall 10.XXX.YY.175 - TCP - - - 24.08.2010 13:25:26 2276 0 0 0 0x0 0x0 - 24.08.2010 06:25:26 10.XXX.YY.175 10.XXX.YY.175 80 HTTP Closed Connection 0x80074e20 FWX_E_GRACEFUL_SHUTDOWN Local Host Local Host - PROXYTEST Firewall 10.XXX.YY.175 - TCP - - - 24.08.2010 13:25:26 2277 0 0 0 0x0 0x0 - 24.08.2010 06:25:26 10.XXX.YY.175 10.XXX.YY.175 80 HTTP Initiated Connection 0x0 ERROR_SUCCESS Local Host Local Host - PROXYTEST Firewall 10.XXX.YY.159 - UDP - - - 24.08.2010 13:25:26 68 0 0 0 0x0 0x0 - 24.08.2010 06:25:26 10.XXX.YY.159 255.255.255.255 67 DHCP (request) Denied Connection [Enterprise] Default rule 0xc004000d FWX_E_POLICY_RULES_DENIED Internal Local Host - PROXYTEST Firewall 10.XXX.YY.166 - UDP - - - 24.08.2010 13:25:26 68 0 0 0 0x0 0x0 - 24.08.2010 06:25:26 10.XXX.YY.166 255.255.255.255 67 DHCP (request) Denied Connection [Enterprise] Default rule 0xc004000d FWX_E_POLICY_RULES_DENIED Internal Local Host - PROXYTEST Firewall 0.0.0.0 Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729) Yes Proxy 10.XXX.YY.175 TCP GET Internet - - - Req ID: 096c76ae; Compression: client=No, server=No, compress rate=0% decompress rate=0% - - - 24.08.2010 13:25:27 0 2945 2581 446 0x0 0x40 24.08.2010 06:25:27 10.XXX.YY.174 10.XXX.YY.175 80 http Failed Connection Attempt MyHTTPAccess 10061 anonymous Internal Local Host http://www.vg.no/ PROXYTEST Web Proxy Filter 10.XXX.YY.175 - TCP - - - 24.08.2010 13:25:27 2277 0 0 0 0x0 0x0 - 24.08.2010 06:25:27 10.XXX.YY.175 10.XXX.YY.175 80 HTTP Closed Connection 0x80074e20 FWX_E_GRACEFUL_SHUTDOWN Local Host Local Host - PROXYTEST Firewall

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• CPU/JVM/JBoss 7 slows down over time

  - by lukas

  I'm experiencing performance slow down on JBoss 7.1.1 Final. I wrote simple program that demostrates this behavior. I generate an array of 100,000 of random integers and run bubble sort on it. @Model public class PerformanceTest { public void proceed() { long now = System.currentTimeMillis(); int[] arr = new int[100000]; for(int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { arr[i] = (int) (Math.random() * 200000); } long now2 = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println((now2 - now) + "ms took to generate array"); now = System.currentTimeMillis(); bubbleSort(arr); now2 = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println((now2 - now) + "ms took to bubblesort array"); } public void bubbleSort(int[] arr) { boolean swapped = true; int j = 0; int tmp; while (swapped) { swapped = false; j++; for (int i = 0; i < arr.length - j; i++) { if (arr[i] > arr[i + 1]) { tmp = arr[i]; arr[i] = arr[i + 1]; arr[i + 1] = tmp; swapped = true; } } } } } Just after I start the server, it takes approximately 22 seconds to run this code. After few days of JBoss 7.1.1. running, it takes 330 sec to run this code. In both cases, I launch the code when the CPU utilization is very low (say, 1%). Any ideas why? I run the server with following arguments: -Xms1280m -Xmx2048m -XX:MaxPermSize=2048m -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true -Dorg.jboss.resolver.warning=true -Dsun.rmi.dgc.client.gcInterval=3600000 -Dsun.rmi.dgc.server.gcInterval=3600000 -Djboss.modules.system.pkgs=org.jboss.byteman -Djava.awt.headless=true -Duser.timezone=UTC -Djboss.server.default.config=standalone-full.xml -Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,address=8787,server=y,suspend=n I'm running it on Linux 2.6.32-279.11.1.el6.x86_64 with java version "1.7.0_07". It's within J2EE applicaiton. I use CDI so I have a button on JSF page that will call method "proceed" on @RequestScoped component PerformanceTest. I deploy this as separate war file and even if I undeploy other applications, it doesn't change the performance. It's a virtual machine that is sharing CPUs with another machine but that one doesn't consume anything. Here's yet another observation: when the server is after fresh start and I run the bubble sort, It utilizes 100% of one processor core. It never switches to another core or drops utilization below 95%. However after some time the server is running and I'm experiencing the performance problems, the method above is utilizing CPU core usually 100%, however I just found out from htop that this task is being switched very often to other cores. That is, at the beginning it's running on core #1, after say 2 seconds it's running on #5 then after say 2 seconds #8 etc. Furthermore, the utilization is not kept at 100% at the core but sometimes drops to 80% or even lower. For the server after fresh start, even though If I simulate a load, it never switches the task to another core.

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• ASA 5505 stops local internet when connected to VPN

  - by g18c

  Hi I have a Cisco ASA router running firmware 8.2(5) which hosts an internal LAN on 192.168.30.0/24. I have used the VPN Wizard to setup L2TP access and I can connect in fine from a Windows box and can ping hosts behind the VPN router. However, when connected to the VPN I can no longer ping out to my internet or browse web pages. I would like to be able to access the VPN, and also browse the internet at the same time - I understand this is called split tunneling (have ticked the setting in the wizard but to no effect) and if so how do I do this? Alternatively, if split tunneling is a pain to setup, then making the connected VPN client have internet access from the ASA WAN IP would be OK. Thanks, Chris names ! interface Ethernet0/0 switchport access vlan 2 ! interface Ethernet0/1 ! interface Vlan1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan2 nameif outside security-level 0 ip address 208.74.158.58 255.255.255.252 ! ftp mode passive access-list inside_nat0_outbound extended permit ip any 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.128 access-list inside_nat0_outbound extended permit ip 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.30.192 255.255.255.192 access-list DefaultRAGroup_splitTunnelAcl standard permit 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 access-list DefaultRAGroup_splitTunnelAcl_1 standard permit 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 pager lines 24 logging asdm informational mtu inside 1500 mtu outside 1500 ip local pool LANVPNPOOL 192.168.30.220-192.168.30.249 mask 255.255.255.0 icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 global (outside) 1 interface nat (inside) 0 access-list inside_nat0_outbound nat (inside) 1 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 208.74.158.57 1 timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout sip-provisional-media 0:02:00 uauth 0:05:00 absolute timeout tcp-proxy-reassembly 0:01:00 timeout floating-conn 0:00:00 dynamic-access-policy-record DfltAccessPolicy http server enable http 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 inside snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-256-MD5 esp-aes-256 esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-DES-SHA esp-des esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-DES-MD5 esp-des esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-192-MD5 esp-aes-192 esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-MD5 esp-3des esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-256-SHA esp-aes-256 esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-128-SHA esp-aes esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-192-SHA esp-aes-192 esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-128-MD5 esp-aes esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set TRANS_ESP_3DES_SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set TRANS_ESP_3DES_SHA mode transport crypto ipsec security-association lifetime seconds 28800 crypto ipsec security-association lifetime kilobytes 4608000 crypto dynamic-map SYSTEM_DEFAULT_CRYPTO_MAP 65535 set transform-set ESP-AES-128-SHA ESP-AES-128-MD5 ESP-AES-192-SHA ESP-AES-192-MD5 ESP-AES-256-SHA ESP-AES-256-MD5 ESP-3DES-SHA ESP-3DES-MD5 ESP-DES-SHA ESP-DES-MD5 TRANS_ESP_3DES_SHA crypto map outside_map 65535 ipsec-isakmp dynamic SYSTEM_DEFAULT_CRYPTO_MAP crypto map outside_map interface outside crypto isakmp enable outside crypto isakmp policy 10 authentication pre-share encryption 3des hash sha group 2 lifetime 86400 telnet timeout 5 ssh timeout 5 console timeout 0 dhcpd auto_config outside ! threat-detection basic-threat threat-detection statistics access-list no threat-detection statistics tcp-intercept webvpn group-policy DefaultRAGroup internal group-policy DefaultRAGroup attributes dns-server value 192.168.30.3 vpn-tunnel-protocol l2tp-ipsec split-tunnel-policy tunnelspecified split-tunnel-network-list value DefaultRAGroup_splitTunnelAcl_1 username user password Cj7W5X7wERleAewO8ENYtg== nt-encrypted privilege 0 tunnel-group DefaultRAGroup general-attributes address-pool LANVPNPOOL default-group-policy DefaultRAGroup tunnel-group DefaultRAGroup ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key ***** tunnel-group DefaultRAGroup ppp-attributes no authentication chap authentication ms-chap-v2 ! class-map inspection_default match default-inspection-traffic ! ! policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map parameters message-length maximum client auto message-length maximum 512 policy-map global_policy class inspection_default inspect dns preset_dns_map inspect ftp inspect h323 h225 inspect h323 ras inspect rsh inspect rtsp inspect esmtp inspect sqlnet inspect skinny inspect sunrpc inspect xdmcp inspect sip inspect netbios inspect tftp inspect ip-options ! service-policy global_policy global prompt hostname context : end

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• obtaining nimbuzz server certificate for nmdecrypt expert in NetMon

  - by lurscher

  I'm using Network Monitor 3.4 with the nmdecrypt expert. I'm opening a nimbuzz conversation node in the conversation window and i click Expert- nmDecrpt - run Expert that shows up a window where i have to add the server certificate. I am not sure how to retrieve the server certificate for nimbuzz XMPP chat service. Any idea how to do this? this question is a follow up question of this one. Edit for some background so it might be that this is encrypted with the server pubkey and i cannot retrieve the message, unless i debug the native binary and try to intercept the encryption code. I have a test client (using agsXMPP) that is able to connect with nimbuzz with no problems. the only thing that is not working is adding invisible mode. It seems this is some packet sent from the official client during login which i want to obtain. any suggestions to try to grab this info would be greatly appreciated. Maybe i should get myself (and learn) IDA pro? This is what i get inspecting the TLS frames on Network Monitor: Frame: Number = 81, Captured Frame Length = 769, MediaType = ETHERNET + Ethernet: Etype = Internet IP (IPv4),DestinationAddress:[...],SourceAddress:[....] + Ipv4: Src = ..., Dest = 192.168.2.101, Next Protocol = TCP, Packet ID = 9939, Total IP Length = 755 - Tcp: Flags=...AP..., SrcPort=5222, DstPort=3578, PayloadLen=715, Seq=4101074854 - 4101075569, Ack=1127356300, Win=4050 (scale factor 0x0) = 4050 SrcPort: 5222 DstPort: 3578 SequenceNumber: 4101074854 (0xF4716FA6) AcknowledgementNumber: 1127356300 (0x4332178C) + DataOffset: 80 (0x50) + Flags: ...AP... Window: 4050 (scale factor 0x0) = 4050 Checksum: 0x8841, Good UrgentPointer: 0 (0x0) TCPPayload: SourcePort = 5222, DestinationPort = 3578 TLSSSLData: Transport Layer Security (TLS) Payload Data - TLS: TLS Rec Layer-1 HandShake: Server Hello.; TLS Rec Layer-2 HandShake: Certificate.; TLS Rec Layer-3 HandShake: Server Hello Done. - TlsRecordLayer: TLS Rec Layer-1 HandShake: ContentType: HandShake: - Version: TLS 1.0 Major: 3 (0x3) Minor: 1 (0x1) Length: 42 (0x2A) - SSLHandshake: SSL HandShake ServerHello(0x02) HandShakeType: ServerHello(0x02) Length: 38 (0x26) - ServerHello: 0x1 + Version: TLS 1.0 + RandomBytes: SessionIDLength: 0 (0x0) TLSCipherSuite: TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA { 0x00, 0x35 } CompressionMethod: 0 (0x0) - TlsRecordLayer: TLS Rec Layer-2 HandShake: ContentType: HandShake: - Version: TLS 1.0 Major: 3 (0x3) Minor: 1 (0x1) Length: 654 (0x28E) - SSLHandshake: SSL HandShake Certificate(0x0B) HandShakeType: Certificate(0x0B) Length: 650 (0x28A) - Cert: 0x1 CertLength: 647 (0x287) - Certificates: CertificateLength: 644 (0x284) - X509Cert: Issuer: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL, Subject: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL + SequenceHeader: - TbsCertificate: Issuer: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL, Subject: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL + SequenceHeader: + Tag0: + Version: (2) + SerialNumber: -1018418383 + Signature: Sha1WithRSAEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.5) - Issuer: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL - RdnSequence: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL + SequenceOfHeader: 0x1 + Name: NL + Name: Nimbuzz + Name: nimbuzz.com + Validity: From: 02/22/10 20:22:32 UTC To: 02/20/20 20:22:32 UTC + Subject: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL - SubjectPublicKeyInfo: RsaEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.1) + SequenceHeader: + Algorithm: RsaEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.1) - SubjectPublicKey: - AsnBitStringHeader: - AsnId: BitString type (Universal 3) - LowTag: Class: (00......) Universal (0) Type: (..0.....) Primitive TagValue: (...00011) 3 - AsnLen: Length = 141, LengthOfLength = 1 LengthType: LengthOfLength = 1 Length: 141 bytes BitString: + Tag3: + Extensions: - SignatureAlgorithm: Sha1WithRSAEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.5) - SequenceHeader: - AsnId: Sequence and SequenceOf types (Universal 16) + LowTag: - AsnLen: Length = 13, LengthOfLength = 0 Length: 13 bytes, LengthOfLength = 0 + Algorithm: Sha1WithRSAEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.5) - Parameters: Null Value - Sha1WithRSAEncryption: Null Value + AsnNullHeader: - Signature: - AsnBitStringHeader: - AsnId: BitString type (Universal 3) - LowTag: Class: (00......) Universal (0) Type: (..0.....) Primitive TagValue: (...00011) 3 - AsnLen: Length = 129, LengthOfLength = 1 LengthType: LengthOfLength = 1 Length: 129 bytes BitString: + TlsRecordLayer: TLS Rec Layer-3 HandShake:

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• Computer Networks UNISA - Chap 10 &ndash; In Depth TCP/IP Networking

  - by MarkPearl

  After reading this section you should be able to Understand methods of network design unique to TCP/IP networks, including subnetting, CIDR, and address translation Explain the differences between public and private TCP/IP networks Describe protocols used between mail clients and mail servers, including SMTP, POP3, and IMAP4 Employ multiple TCP/IP utilities for network discovery and troubleshooting Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks The following sections explain how network and host information in an IPv4 address can be manipulated to subdivide networks into smaller segments. Subnetting Subnetting separates a network into multiple logically defined segments, or subnets. Networks are commonly subnetted according to geographic locations, departmental boundaries, or technology types. A network administrator might separate traffic to accomplish the following… Enhance security Improve performance Simplify troubleshooting The challenges of Classful Addressing in IPv4 (No subnetting) The simplest type of IPv4 is known as classful addressing (which was the Class A, Class B & Class C network addresses). Classful addressing has the following limitations. Restriction in the number of usable IPv4 addresses (class C would be limited to 254 addresses) Difficult to separate traffic from various parts of a network Because of the above reasons, subnetting was introduced. IPv4 Subnet Masks Subnetting depends on the use of subnet masks to identify how a network is subdivided. A subnet mask indicates where network information is located in an IPv4 address. The 1 in a subnet mask indicates that corresponding bits in the IPv4 address contain network information (likewise 0 indicates the opposite) Each network class is associated with a default subnet mask… Class A = 255.0.0.0 Class B = 255.255.0.0 Class C = 255.255.255.0 An example of calculating  the network ID for a particular device with a subnet mask is shown below.. IP Address = 199.34.89.127 Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0 Resultant Network ID = 199.34.89.0 IPv4 Subnetting Techniques Subnetting breaks the rules of classful IPv4 addressing. Read page 490 for a detailed explanation Calculating IPv4 Subnets Read page 491 – 494 for an explanation Important… Subnetting only applies to the devices internal to your network. Everything external looks at the class of the IP address instead of the subnet network ID. This way, traffic directed to your network externally still knows where to go, and once it has entered your internal network it can then be prioritized and segmented. CIDR (classless Interdomain Routing) CIDR is also known as classless routing or supernetting. In CIDR conventional network class distinctions do not exist, a subnet boundary can move to the left, therefore generating more usable IP addresses on your network. A subnet created by moving the subnet boundary to the left is known as a supernet. With CIDR also came new shorthand for denoting the position of subnet boundaries known as CIDR notation or slash notation. CIDR notation takes the form of the network ID followed by a forward slash (/) followed by the number of bits that are used for the extended network prefix. To take advantage of classless routing, your networks routers must be able to interpret IP addresses that don;t adhere to conventional network class parameters. Routers that rely on older routing protocols (i.e. RIP) are not capable of interpreting classless IP addresses. Internet Gateways Gateways are a combination of software and hardware that enable two different network segments to exchange data. A gateway facilitates communication between different networks or subnets. Because on device cannot send data directly to a device on another subnet, a gateway must intercede and hand off the information. Every device on a TCP/IP based network has a default gateway (a gateway that first interprets its outbound requests to other subnets, and then interprets its inbound requests from other subnets). The internet contains a vast number of routers and gateways. If each gateway had to track addressing information for every other gateway on the Internet, it would be overtaxed. Instead, each handles only a relatively small amount of addressing information, which it uses to forward data to another gateway that knows more about the data’s destination. The gateways that make up the internet backbone are called core gateways. Address Translation An organizations default gateway can also be used to “hide” the organizations internal IP addresses and keep them from being recognized on a public network. A public network is one that any user may access with little or no restrictions. On private networks, hiding IP addresses allows network managers more flexibility in assigning addresses. Clients behind a gateway may use any IP addressing scheme, regardless of whether it is recognized as legitimate by the Internet authorities but as soon as those devices need to go on the internet, they must have legitimate IP addresses to exchange data. When a clients transmission reaches the default gateway, the gateway opens the IP datagram and replaces the client’s private IP address with an Internet recognized IP address. This process is known as NAT (Network Address Translation). TCP/IP Mail Services All Internet mail services rely on the same principles of mail delivery, storage, and pickup, though they may use different types of software to accomplish these functions. Email servers and clients communicate through special TCP/IP application layer protocols. These protocols, all of which operate on a variety of operating systems are discussed below… SMTP (Simple Mail transfer Protocol) The protocol responsible for moving messages from one mail server to another over TCP/IP based networks. SMTP belongs to the application layer of the ODI model and relies on TCP as its transport protocol. Operates from port 25 on the SMTP server Simple sub-protocol, incapable of doing anything more than transporting mail or holding it in a queue MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) The standard message format specified by SMTP allows for lines that contain no more than 1000 ascii characters meaning if you relied solely on SMTP you would have very short messages and nothing like pictures included in an email. MIME us a standard for encoding and interpreting binary files, images, video, and non-ascii character sets within an email message. MIME identifies each element of a mail message according to content type. MIME does not replace SMTP but works in conjunction with it. Most modern email clients and servers support MIME POP (Post Office Protocol) POP is an application layer protocol used to retrieve messages from a mail server POP3 relies on TCP and operates over port 110 With POP3 mail is delivered and stored on a mail server until it is downloaded by a user Disadvantage of POP3 is that it typically does not allow users to save their messages on the server because of this IMAP is sometimes used IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) IMAP is a retrieval protocol that was developed as a more sophisticated alternative to POP3 The single biggest advantage IMAP4 has over POP3 is that users can store messages on the mail server, rather than having to continually download them Users can retrieve all or only a portion of any mail message Users can review their messages and delete them while the messages remain on the server Users can create sophisticated methods of organizing messages on the server Users can share a mailbox in a central location Disadvantages of IMAP are typically related to the fact that it requires more storage space on the server. Additional TCP/IP Utilities Nearly all TCP/IP utilities can be accessed from the command prompt on any type of server or client running TCP/IP. The syntaxt may differ depending on the OS of the client. Below is a list of additional TCP/IP utilities – research their use on your own! Ipconfig (Windows) & Ifconfig (Linux) Netstat Nbtstat Hostname, Host & Nslookup Dig (Linux) Whois (Linux) Traceroute (Tracert) Mtr (my traceroute) Route

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• Combining Shared Secret and Certificates

  - by Michael Stephenson

  As discussed in the introduction article this walkthrough will explain how you can implement WCF security with the Windows Azure Service Bus to ensure that you can protect your endpoint in the cloud with a shared secret but also combine this with certificates so that you can identify the sender of the message.   Prerequisites As in the previous article before going into the walk through I want to explain a few assumptions about the scenario we are implementing but to keep the article shorter I am not going to walk through all of the steps in how to setup some of this. In the solution we have a simple console application which will represent the client application. There is also the services WCF application which contains the WCF service we will expose via the Windows Azure Service Bus. The WCF Service application in this example was hosted in IIS 7 on Windows 2008 R2 with AppFabric Server installed and configured to auto-start the WCF listening services. I am not going to go through significant detail around the IIS setup because it should not matter in relation to this article however if you want to understand more about how to configure WCF and IIS for such a scenario please refer to the following paper which goes into a lot of detail about how to configure this. The link is: http://tinyurl.com/8s5nwrz   Setting up the Certificates To keep the post and sample simple I am going to use the local computer store for all certificates but this bit is really just the same as setting up certificates for an example where you are using WCF without using Windows Azure Service Bus. In the sample I have included two batch files which you can use to create the sample certificates or remove them. Basically you will end up with: A certificate called PocServerCert in the personal store for the local computer which will be used by the WCF Service component A certificate called PocClientCert in the personal store for the local computer which will be used by the client application A root certificate in the Root store called PocRootCA with its associated revocation list which is the root from which the client and server certificates were created   For the sample Im just using development certificates like you would normally, and you can see exactly how these are configured and placed in the stores from the batch files in the solution using makecert and certmgr.   The Service Component To begin with let's look at the service component and how it can be configured to listen to the service bus using a shared secret but to also accept a username token from the client. In the sample the service component is called Acme.Azure.ServiceBus.Poc.Cert.Services. It has a single service which is the Visual Studio template for a WCF service when you add a new WCF Service Application so we have a service called Service1 with its Echo method. Nothing special so far!.... The next step is to look at the web.config file to see how we have configured the WCF service. In the services section of the WCF configuration you can see I have created my service and I have created a local endpoint which I simply used to do a little bit of diagnostics and to check it was working, but more importantly there is the Windows Azure endpoint which is using the ws2007HttpRelayBinding (note that this should also work just the same if your using netTcpRelayBinding). The key points to note on the above picture are the service behavior called MyServiceBehaviour and the service bus endpoints behavior called MyEndpointBehaviour. We will go into these in more detail later.   The Relay Binding The relay binding for the service has been configured to use the TransportWithMessageCredential security mode. This is the important bit where the transport security really relates to the interaction between the service and listening to the Azure Service Bus and the message credential is where we will use our certificate like we have specified in the message/clientCrentialType attribute. Note also that we have left the relayClientAuthenticationType set to RelayAccessToken. This means that authentication will be made against ACS for accessing the service bus and messages will not be accepted from any sender who has not been authenticated by ACS.   The Endpoint Behaviour In the below picture you can see the endpoint behavior which is configured to use the shared secret client credential for accessing the service bus and also for diagnostic purposes I have included the service registry element.     Hopefully if you are familiar with using Windows Azure Service Bus relay feature the above is very familiar to you and this is a very common setup for this section. There is nothing specific to the username token implementation here. The Service Behaviour Now we come to the bit with most of the certificate stuff in it. When you configure the service behavior I have included the serviceCredentials element and then setup to use the clientCertificate check and also specifying the serviceCertificate with information on how to find the servers certificate in the store.     I have also added a serviceAuthorization section where I will implement my own authorization component to perform additional security checks after the service has validated that the message was signed with a good certificate. I also have the same serviceSecurityAudit configuration to log access to my service. My Authorization Manager The below picture shows you implementation of my authorization manager. WCF will eventually hand off the message to my authorization component before it calls the service code. This is where I can perform some logic to check if the identity is allowed to access resources. In this case I am simple rejecting messages from anyone except the PocClientCertificate.     The Client Now let's take a look at the client side of this solution and how we can configure the client to authenticate against ACS but also send a certificate over to the service component so it can implement additional security checks on-premise. I have a console application and in the program class I want to use the proxy generated with Add Service Reference to send a message via the Azure Service Bus. You can see in my WCF client configuration below I have setup my details for the azure service bus url and am using the ws2007HttpRelayBinding.   Next is my configuration for the relay binding. You can see below I have configured security to use TransportWithMessageCredential so we will flow the token from a certificate with the message and also the RelayAccessToken relayClientAuthenticationType which means the component will validate against ACS before being allowed to access the relay endpoint to send a message.     After the binding we need to configure the endpoint behavior like in the below picture. This contains the normal transportClientEndpointBehaviour to setup the ACS shared secret configuration but we have also configured the clientCertificate to look for the PocClientCert.     Finally below we have the code of the client in the console application which will call the service bus. You can see that we have created our proxy and then made a normal call to a WCF in exactly the normal way but the configuration will jump in and ensure that a token is passed representing the client certificate.     Conclusion As you can see from the above walkthrough it is not too difficult to configure a service to use both a shared secret and certificate based token at the same time. This gives you the power and protection offered by the access control service in the cloud but also the ability to flow additional tokens to the on-premise component for additional security features to be implemented. Sample The sample used in this post is available at the following location: https://s3.amazonaws.com/CSCBlogSamples/Acme.Azure.ServiceBus.Poc.Cert.zip

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• Exchange Server 2007 Send and Receive Connectors

  - by Mistiry

  I have gotten awesome advice from users on here for getting Exchange on Windows SBS 2008 set up. I think this is the final piece and I'm ready for roll-out! I need to set up Exchange so that it RECEIVES mail from our existing mail server as a Forward [aliases on the existing mail server to forward mail from [email protected] to [email protected]] (not using the POP3 Connector), and SENDS mail through that server as well (sends from [email protected] to [email protected] and then out to the world, showing in the headers as from [email protected] or at absolute least have the reply-to set as this). Alternatively, as long as the .net email address doesn't show in the From and replies are directed to the .com account, email can go from Exchange to the outside world without directing through the existing mail server. External Domain: domain.com Internal Domain: domain.local Internet Domain Name Set in SBS Console: domain.net When I go to http://remote.domain.net I get the Remote Web Workspace, and can login to both Sharepoint and OWA. I can send an email from OWA to a GMail account. I receive it from [email protected], which is an alias of [email protected]. I cannot, however, send an email from OWA to ANY domain.com email addresses. I am also not receiving any email to this Exchange account (except for NDRs). When I try sending an email to a domain.com account, here is the error (I had to replace all < and with { and }): Delivery has failed to these recipients or distribution lists: [email protected] The recipient's e-mail address was not found in the recipient's e-mail system. Microsoft Exchange will not try to redeliver this message for you. Please check the e-mail address and try resending this message, or provide the following diagnostic text to your system administrator. Generating server: IFEXCHANGE.domain.local [email protected] #550 5.1.1 RESOLVER.ADR.RecipNotFound; not found ## Original message headers: Received: from IFEXCHANGE.domain.local ([fe80::4d34:abc5:f7fd:e51a]) by IFEXCHANGE.domain.local ([fe80::4d34:abc5:f7fd:e51a%10]) with mapi; Tue, 17 Aug 2010 14:14:14 -0400 Content-Type: application/ms-tnef; name="winmail.dat" Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary From: John Doe {[email protected]} To: "[email protected]" {[email protected]} Date: Tue, 17 Aug 2010 14:14:12 -0400 Subject: asdf Thread-Topic: asdf Thread-Index: AQHLPjf+h6hA5MJ1JUu1WS4I4CiWeA== Message-ID: {E4E10393768D784D8760A51938BA456A029934BA30@IFEXCHANGE.domain.local} Accept-Language: en-US Content-Language: en-US X-MS-Has-Attach: X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: {E4E10393768D784D8760A51938BA456A029934BA30@IFEXCHANGE.domain.local} MIME-Version: 1.0 I hope I explained the situation well enough for someone to be able to explain to me what I'm missing. If I could, I'd be putting a 10K bounty, but unfortunately I've got only 74 reputation (hey, I'm a newbie here!). I'm pretty sure the obvious "RecipNotFound" error is why its not working, my question is how to resolve this. The email account exists, it receives mail just fine, yet when I send it from the Exchange server it fails. EDIT In OC-Hub Transport, the Email Address Policies has 2 entries. "Windows SBS Email Address Policy" is set up to: Include All Recipient Types, no conditions, and SMTP %[email protected]. "Default Policy" set to: Include All Recipient Types, no conditions, and SMTP @domain.net. Three Authoritative Accepted domains domain.com domain.local (Default) domain.net Remote Domains tab has two entries. Default with domain * Windows SBS Company Web Domain with domain companyweb.

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• HAProxy: Display a "BADREQ" | BADREQ's by the thousands

  - by GruffTech

  My HAProxy Configuration. #HA-Proxy version 1.3.22 2009/10/14 Copyright 2000-2009 Willy Tarreau <[email protected]> global maxconn 10000 spread-checks 50 user haproxy group haproxy daemon stats socket /tmp/haproxy log localhost local0 log localhost local1 notice defaults mode http maxconn 50000 timeout client 10000 option forwardfor except 127.0.0.1 option httpclose option httplog listen dcaustin 0.0.0.0:80 mode http timeout connect 12000 timeout server 60000 timeout queue 120000 balance roundrobin option httpchk GET /index.html log global option httplog option dontlog-normal server web1 10.10.10.101:80 maxconn 300 check fall 1 server web2 10.10.10.102:80 maxconn 300 check fall 1 server web3 10.10.10.103:80 maxconn 300 check fall 1 server web4 10.10.10.104:80 maxconn 300 check fall 1 listen stats 0.0.0.0:9000 mode http balance log global timeout client 5000 timeout connect 4000 timeout server 30000 stats uri /haproxy HAProxy is running, and the socket is working... adam@dcaustin:/etc/haproxy# echo "show info" | socat stdio /tmp/haproxy Name: HAProxy Version: 1.3.22 Release_date: 2009/10/14 Nbproc: 1 Process_num: 1 Pid: 6320 Uptime: 0d 0h14m58s Uptime_sec: 898 Memmax_MB: 0 Ulimit-n: 20017 Maxsock: 20017 Maxconn: 10000 Maxpipes: 0 CurrConns: 47 PipesUsed: 0 PipesFree: 0 Tasks: 51 Run_queue: 1 node: dcaustin desiption: Errors show nothing from socket... adam@dcaustin:/etc/haproxy# echo "show errors" | socat stdio /tmp/haproxy adam@dcaustin:/etc/haproxy# However... My Error log is exploding with "badrequests" with the Error code cR. cR (according to 1.3 documentation) is The "timeout http-request" stroke before the client sent a full HTTP request. This is sometimes caused by too large TCP MSS values on the client side for PPPoE networks which cannot transport full-sized packets, or by clients sending requests by hand and not typing fast enough, or forgetting to enter the empty line at the end of the request. The HTTP status code is likely a 408 here. Correct on the 408, but we're getting literally thousands of these requests every hour. (This log snippet is an clip for about 10 seconds of time...) Jun 30 11:08:52 localhost haproxy[6320]: 92.22.213.32:26448 [30/Jun/2011:11:08:42.384] dcaustin dcaustin/<NOSRV> -1/-1/-1/-1/10002 408 212 - - cR-- 35/35/18/0/0 0/0 "<BADREQ>" Jun 30 11:08:54 localhost haproxy[6320]: 71.62.130.24:62818 [30/Jun/2011:11:08:44.457] dcaustin dcaustin/<NOSRV> -1/-1/-1/-1/10001 408 212 - - cR-- 39/39/16/0/0 0/0 "<BADREQ>" Jun 30 11:08:55 localhost haproxy[6320]: 84.73.75.236:3589 [30/Jun/2011:11:08:45.021] dcaustin dcaustin/<NOSRV> -1/-1/-1/-1/10008 408 212 - - cR-- 35/35/15/0/0 0/0 "<BADREQ>" Jun 30 11:08:55 localhost haproxy[6320]: 69.39.20.190:49969 [30/Jun/2011:11:08:45.709] dcaustin dcaustin/<NOSRV> -1/-1/-1/-1/10000 408 212 - - cR-- 37/37/16/0/0 0/0 "<BADREQ>" Jun 30 11:08:56 localhost haproxy[6320]: 2.29.0.9:58772 [30/Jun/2011:11:08:46.846] dcaustin dcaustin/<NOSRV> -1/-1/-1/-1/10001 408 212 - - cR-- 43/43/22/0/0 0/0 "<BADREQ>" Jun 30 11:08:57 localhost haproxy[6320]: 212.139.250.242:57537 [30/Jun/2011:11:08:47.568] dcaustin dcaustin/<NOSRV> -1/-1/-1/-1/10000 408 212 - - cR-- 42/42/21/0/0 0/0 "<BADREQ>" Jun 30 11:08:58 localhost haproxy[6320]: 74.79.195.75:55046 [30/Jun/2011:11:08:48.559] dcaustin dcaustin/<NOSRV> -1/-1/-1/-1/10000 408 212 - - cR-- 46/46/24/0/0 0/0 "<BADREQ>" Jun 30 11:08:58 localhost haproxy[6320]: 74.79.195.75:55044 [30/Jun/2011:11:08:48.554] dcaustin dcaustin/<NOSRV> -1/-1/-1/-1/10004 408 212 - - cR-- 45/45/24/0/0 0/0 "<BADREQ>" Jun 30 11:08:58 localhost haproxy[6320]: 74.79.195.75:55045 [30/Jun/2011:11:08:48.554] dcaustin dcaustin/<NOSRV> -1/-1/-1/-1/10005 408 212 - - cR-- 44/44/24/0/0 0/0 "<BADREQ>" Jun 30 11:09:00 localhost haproxy[6320]: 68.197.56.2:52781 [30/Jun/2011:11:08:50.975] dcaustin dcaustin/<NOSRV> -1/-1/-1/-1/10000 408 212 - - cR-- 49/49/28/0/0 0/0 "<BADREQ>" From what I read on google, if i wanted to see what the bad requests are, I can show errors to the socket and it will spit them out. We do run a pretty heavily trafficed website and the percentage of "BADREQS" to normal requests is quite low, but I'd like to be able to get ahold of what that request WAS so I can debug it. stats # pxname,svname,qcur,qmax,scur,smax,slim,stot,bin,bout,dreq,dresp,ereq,econ,eresp,wretr,wredis,status,weight,act,bck,chkfail,chkdown,lastchg,downtime,qlimit,pid,iid,sid,throttle,lbtot,tracked,type,rate,rate_lim,rate_max, dcaustin,FRONTEND,,,64,120,50000,88433,105889100,2553809875,0,0,4641,,,,,OPEN,,,,,,,,,1,1,0,,,,0,45,0,128, dcaustin,web1,0,0,10,28,300,20941,25402112,633143416,,0,,0,3,0,0,UP,1,1,0,0,0,2208,0,,1,1,1,,20941,,2,11,,30, dcaustin,web2,0,0,9,30,300,20941,25026691,641475169,,0,,0,3,0,0,UP,1,1,0,0,0,2208,0,,1,1,2,,20941,,2,11,,30, dcaustin,web3,0,0,10,27,300,20940,30116527,635015040,,0,,0,9,0,0,UP,1,1,0,0,0,2208,0,,1,1,3,,20940,,2,10,,31, dcaustin,web4,0,0,5,28,300,20940,25343770,643209546,,0,,0,8,0,0,UP,1,1,0,0,0,2208,0,,1,1,4,,20940,,2,11,,31, dcaustin,BACKEND,0,0,34,95,50000,83762,105889100,2553809875,0,0,,0,34,0,0,UP,4,4,0,,0,2208,0,,1,1,0,,83762,,1,43,,122, 88500 "Sessions" and 4500 errors. in the last 20 minutes.

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• Postfix Submission port issue

  - by RevSpot

  I have setup postfix+mailman on my debian server and i have an issue with postfix submission port. My ISP blocks SMTP on port 25 to prevent *spams and i must to use submission port (587). I have uncomment the following line from master.cf (/etc/postfix/) but nothing happens. submission inet n - - - - smtpd This is my mail logs file when i try to invite a user to mailman list Nov 6 00:35:34 myhostname postfix/qmgr[1763]: C90BF1060D: from=<[email protected]>, size=1743, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Nov 6 00:35:34 myhostname postfix/qmgr[1763]: DF54B10608: from=<[email protected]>, size=488, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Nov 6 00:35:34 myhostname postfix/qmgr[1763]: 80F0D10609: from=<[email protected]>, size=483, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Nov 6 00:35:55 myhostname postfix/smtp[2269]: connect to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[173.194.70.27]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:35:55 myhostname postfix/smtp[2270]: connect to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[173.194.70.27]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:35:55 myhostname postfix/smtp[2271]: connect to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[173.194.70.27]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:36:16 myhostname postfix/smtp[2269]: connect to alt1.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.143.26]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:36:16 myhostname postfix/smtp[2270]: connect to alt1.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.143.26]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:36:16 myhostname postfix/smtp[2271]: connect to alt1.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.143.26]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:36:37 myhostname postfix/smtp[2269]: connect to alt2.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.141.26]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:36:37 myhostname postfix/smtp[2270]: connect to alt2.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.141.26]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:36:37 myhostname4 postfix/smtp[2271]: connect to alt2.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.141.26]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:36:58 myhostname postfix/smtp[2269]: connect to alt3.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[173.194.64.26]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:36:58 myhostname postfix/smtp[2270]: connect to alt3.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[173.194.64.26]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:36:58 myhostname postfix/smtp[2271]: connect to alt3.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[173.194.64.26]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:37:19 myhostname postfix/smtp[2269]: connect to alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.142.26]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:37:19 myhostname postfix/smtp[2270]: connect to alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.142.26]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:37:19 myhostname postfix/smtp[2269]: C90BF1060D: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=23711, delays=23606/0.03/105/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (connect to alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.142.26]:25: Connection timed out) Nov 6 00:37:19 myhostname postfix/smtp[2271]: connect to alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.142.26]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:37:19 myhostname postfix/smtp[2270]: DF54B10608: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=23882, delays=23777/0.03/105/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (connect to alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.142.26]:25: Connection timed out) Nov 6 00:37:19 myhostname postfix/smtp[2271]: 80F0D10609: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=23875, delays=23770/0.04/105/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (connect to alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.142.26]:25: Connection timed out) main.cf smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Debian/GNU) biff = no append_dot_mydomain = no readme_directory = no smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache myhostname = mail.mydomain.com alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname mydestination = mail.mydomain.com, localhost.mydomain.com,localhost relayhost = relay_domains = $mydestination, mail.mydomain.com relay_recipient_maps = hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/virtual-mailman transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport mailman_destination_recipient_limit = 1 mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION" mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all local_recipient_maps = master.cf smtp inet n - - - - smtpd submission inet n - - - - smtpd # -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt # -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes # -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #smtps inet n - - - - smtpd # -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes # -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes # -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #628 inet n - - - - qmqpd pickup fifo n - - 60 1 pickup cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr #qmgr fifo n - - 300 1 oqmgr tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce defer unix - - - - 0 bounce trace unix - - - - 0 bounce verify unix - - - - 1 verify flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap smtp unix - - - - - smtp # When relaying mail as backup MX, disable fallback_relay to avoid MX loops relay unix - - - - - smtp -o smtp_fallback_relay= # -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5 showq unix n - - - - showq error unix - - - - - error retry unix - - - - - error discard unix - - - - - discard local unix - n n - - local virtual unix - n n - - virtual lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil scache unix - - - - 1 scache # # ==================================================================== # # maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details. # Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1 # maildrop unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient} # # ==================================================================== # # See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details. # uucp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient) # # Other external delivery methods. # ifmail unix - n n - - pipe flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient) bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension} mailman unix - n n - - pipe flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py ${nexthop} ${user}

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• Openswan + xl2tpd connections time out after a while

  - by Halfgaar

  I have a non-NATed Openswan+xl2tpd server (Ubuntu 12.04), to which I connect with a Windows 8 behind NAT. The client loses its connection after a while of doing nothing (between 30 and 60 minutes, but I didn't time it). The client doesn't have enabled that it should kill inactive connections. Nor does it ever go into sleep mode. I also tried setting the kill-after-time to 24 hours, but that didn't help. The NAT router behind which the client located is Debian Linux, and its router is a Cisco which connects us directly to the data center where the server is. None of our other connections, like SSH, get dropped with inactivity (because of cheap routers). I did however try turning on the keepalives in /etc/ipsec.conf: config setup (...snip...) nat_traversal=yes force_keepalive=yes keep_alive=10 but that didn't help. As you can see in the config later, dead peer detection's action is clear. That would be a first suggestion to fix, but I need clear, because people will be connecting from everwhere but the kitchen sink. Besides, as I said, in the test setup I have now, I can't see any device killing its connection. (edit: 'restart' also has the same effect) These are of one time it happened: Jul 18 16:18:06 host xl2tpd[1918]: Maximum retries exceeded for tunnel 49070. Closing. Jul 18 16:18:06 host xl2tpd[1918]: Terminating pppd: sending TERM signal to pid 18359 Jul 18 16:18:06 host xl2tpd[1918]: Connection 4 closed to 89.188.x.y, port 1701 (Timeout) Jul 18 16:18:11 host xl2tpd[1918]: Unable to deliver closing message for tunnel 49070. Destroying anyway. and these on another: Jul 18 17:44:39 host xl2tpd[1918]: udp_xmit failed to 89.188.x.y:1701 with err=-1:Operation not permitted Jul 18 17:44:43 xl2tpd[1918]: last message repeated 4 times Jul 18 17:44:43 host xl2tpd[1918]: Maximum retries exceeded for tunnel 10918. Closing. Jul 18 17:44:43 host xl2tpd[1918]: udp_xmit failed to 89.188.x.y:1701 with err=-1:Operation not permitted Jul 18 17:44:43 host xl2tpd[1918]: Terminating pppd: sending TERM signal to pid 26338 Jul 18 17:44:43 host xl2tpd[1918]: Connection 6 closed to 89.188.x.y, port 1701 (Timeout) Jul 18 17:44:44 host xl2tpd[1918]: udp_xmit failed to 89.188.x.y:1701 with err=-1:Operation not permitted Jul 18 17:44:48 xl2tpd[1918]: last message repeated 3 times Jul 18 17:44:48 host xl2tpd[1918]: Unable to deliver closing message for tunnel 10918. Destroying anyway. Jul 18 17:44:59 host xl2tpd[1918]: Can not find tunnel 10918 (refhim=0) Jul 18 17:44:59 host xl2tpd[1918]: network_thread: unable to find call or tunnel to handle packet. call = 0, tunnel = 10918 Dumping. Jul 18 17:45:09 host xl2tpd[1918]: Can not find tunnel 10918 (refhim=0) Jul 18 17:45:09 host xl2tpd[1918]: network_thread: unable to find call or tunnel to handle packet. call = 0, tunnel = 10918 Dumping. Jul 18 17:45:19 host xl2tpd[1918]: Can not find tunnel 10918 (refhim=0) Jul 18 17:45:19 host xl2tpd[1918]: network_thread: unable to find call or tunnel to handle packet. call = 0, tunnel = 10918 Dumping. Jul 18 17:45:29 host xl2tpd[1918]: Can not find tunnel 10918 (refhim=0) Jul 18 17:45:29 host xl2tpd[1918]: network_thread: unable to find call or tunnel to handle packet. call = 0, tunnel = 10918 Dumping. Jul 18 17:45:39 host xl2tpd[1918]: Can not find tunnel 10918 (refhim=0) Jul 18 17:45:39 host xl2tpd[1918]: network_thread: unable to find call or tunnel to handle packet. call = 0, tunnel = 10918 Dumping. Jul 18 17:45:49 host xl2tpd[1918]: Can not find tunnel 10918 (refhim=0) Jul 18 17:45:49 host xl2tpd[1918]: network_thread: unable to find call or tunnel to handle packet. call = 0, tunnel = 10918 Dumping. Versions: Ubuntu 12.04 Openswan: 2.6.37-1 xl2tpd: 3.1+dfsg-1 kernel: 3.2.0-49-generic configs: /etc/ipsec.conf: version 2.0 # conforms to second version of ipsec.conf specification config setup nat_traversal=yes virtual_private=%v4:10.0.0.0/8,%v4:192.168.0.0/16,%v4:172.16.0.0/12,%v4:!10.152.2.0/24 oe=off protostack=netkey force_keepalive=yes keep_alive=10 conn L2TP-PSK-NAT rightsubnet=vhost:%priv also=L2TP-PSK-noNAT conn L2TP-PSK-noNAT authby=secret pfs=no auto=add keyingtries=2 rekey=no dpddelay=30 dpdtimeout=120 dpdaction=clear ikelifetime=8h keylife=1h type=transport left=%defaultroute leftprotoport=17/1701 right=%any rightprotoport=17/%any /etc/xl2tpd/xl2tpd.conf [global] ipsec saref = no [lns default] ip range = 10.152.2.2-10.152.2.254 local ip = 10.152.2.1 refuse chap = yes refuse pap = yes require authentication = yes ppp debug = no pppoptfile = /etc/ppp/options.xl2tpd length bit = yes /etc/ppp/options.xl2tpd: require-mschap-v2 refuse-mschap ms-dns 10.152.2.1 asyncmap 0 auth crtscts idle 1800 mtu 1200 mru 1200 lock hide-password local #debug name l2tpd proxyarp lcp-echo-interval 30 lcp-echo-failure 4

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