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• How to get an ARM CPU clock speed in Linux?

  - by MiKy

  I have an ARM-based embedded machine based on S3C2416 board. According to the specifications I have available there should be a 533 MHz ARM9 (ARM926EJ-S according to /proc/cpuinfo), however the software running on it "feels" slow, compared to the same software on my Android phone with a 528MHz ARM CPU. /proc/cpuinfo tells me that BogoMIPS is 266.24. I know that I should not trust BogoMIPS regarding performance ("Bogo" = bogus), however I would like to get a measurement on the actual CPU speed. On x86, I could use the rdtsc instruction to get the time stamp counter, wait a second (sleep(1)), read the counter again to get an approximation on the CPU speed, and according to my experience, this value was close enough to the real CPU speed. How can I find the actual CPU speed of given ARM processor? Update I found this simple Pi calculator, which I compiled both for my Android phone and the ARM board. The results are as follows: S3C2416 # cat /proc/cpuinfo Processor : ARM926EJ-S rev 5 (v5l) BogoMIPS : 266.24 Features : swp half fastmult edsp java ... #./pi_arm 10000 Calculation of PI using FFT and AGM, ver. LG1.1.2-MP1.5.2a.memsave ... 8.50 sec. (real time) Android # cat /proc/cpuinfo Processor : ARMv6-compatible processor rev 2 (v6l) BogoMIPS : 527.56 Features : swp half thumb fastmult edsp java # ./pi_android 10000 Calculation of PI using FFT and AGM, ver. LG1.1.2-MP1.5.2a.memsave ... 5.95 sec. (real time) So it seems that the ARM926EJ-S is slower than my Android phone, but not twice slower as I would expect by the BogoMIPS figures. I am still unsure about the clock speed of the ARM9 CPU.

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• Odd behavior of setting REMOTE_ADDR between Apache, Nginx, and AWS ELB

  - by Chris Drumgoole

  I have encountered a strange issue and am curious if others have encountered this as well. and if there is absolutely anything that can be done.. We have a set up where we have multiple AWS EC2 Linux machines sitting behind a ELB. The EC2 machines are running Nginx. Let's refer to these as my production machines (because they are!) I also have a Rackspace cloud machine running apache. Completely separate. Let's call this the test server. Now, there's a ISP here in Singapore that seems to be funneling traffic through a transparent proxy or something, and when you do a IP check, the IP often changes. In fact, I noticed that when I check on http://www.whatismyip.com, the ip seems to be stable (doesn't change) across refreshes. But, http://www.whatismyipaddress.com, on refreshing, the IP changes! (so my ISP is doing weird stuff). Now, back to my set up, I noticed a couple of things: Checking the REMOTE_ADDR variable from PHP when connecting to a single Nginx production machine (bypassing the load balancer), is set to the stable IP that does change. Checking the REMOTE_ADDR variable from PHP when connecting to the test Apache server, it is set to the IP that does change on refreshes. Checking the headers when connecting to the nginx production machines through the ELB, the ELB sets the HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR to the stable IP. Has anyone experienced this odd behavior? Is there nothing that I can do? And which IP should I "trust"? (the one Apache gives, or the one ELB and Nginx gives?) Thanks! Chris

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• Different versions of iperf for windows give totally different results

  - by Albert Mata

  Measuring TCP output from a Windows client to Solaris server: WXP SP3 with iperf 1.7.0 -- returns an average around 90Mbit Same client, same server but iperf 2.0.5 for windows -- returns an average of 8.5 Mbit Similar discrepancies have been observed connecting to other servers (W2008, W2003) It's difficult to get to some conclusions when different versions of the same tool provide vastly different results. Example below: C:\tempiperf -v (from iperf.fr) iperf version 2.0.5 (08 Jul 2010) pthreads C:\tempiperf -c solaris10 Client connecting to solaris10, TCP port 5001 TCP window size: 64.0 KByte (default) [ 3] local 10.172.181.159 port 2124 connected with 10.172.180.209 port 5001 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 0.0-10.2 sec 10.6 MBytes 8.74 Mbits/sec Abysmal perfomance, but now I test from the same host (Windows XP SP3 32bit and 100Mbit) to the same server (Solaris 10/sparc 64bit and 1Gbit running iperf 2.0.5 with default window of 48k) with the old iperf C:\temp1iperf -v iperf version 1.7.0 (13 Mar 2003) win32 threads C:\temp1iperf.exe -c solaris10 -w64k Client connecting to solaris10, TCP port 5001 TCP window size: 64.0 KByte [1208] local 10.172.181.159 port 2128 connected with 10.172.180.209 port 5001 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [1208] 0.0-10.0 sec 112 MBytes 94.0 Mbits/sec So one iperf with a 64k window says 8.75Mbit and the old iperf with the same window size says 94.0Mbit. These results are constant through repeated tests. From my testing launching iperf(old) with window size "x" and iperf(new) with window size "x" instead of producing the same or very close results produce totally different results. The only difference I see is the old compiled as win32 threads vs. pthreads but parallelism (-P 10) appears to work in both. Anyone has a clue or can recommend a tool that gives results I can trust?? EDIT: Looking at traces from (old) iperf it sets the TCP Window Scale flag to 3 in the SYN packet, when I run the (new) iperf this is set to 0 in the initial packet. A quick analysis of the window size through the exchange shows the (old) iperf moving back and forth but mostly at 32k while the (new) iperf mostly keeps at 64k. Maybe it will help somebody to connect the dots.

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• Mac Security - Which one?

  - by Bob Rivers

  Hi, Recently I had my credit card cloned. A few hours after shopping at an online store (in which I trust and buy since 2006) I received a call from my bank asking if I recognize a $5,000 debt to a store(?!) called Church of Christ... I'm a Mac user (OS X 10.6.3). I always kept my system updated and I have firewall enabled (in my Mac and in my broadband router), but I decided to adopt some kind of protection. I don't want to rise passionate discussions. Real or not, snake oil or not, I need to have back my peace of mind... I read this and this posts. I selected two software that I think that could help me (both have more features other than just an antivirus). Does someone have feedback about Intego's VirusBarrier X6 or Trendmicro's Smart Surfing? Intego solutions seems to be better, but TrendMicro brand/name is stronger in corporate environment, so their solution should be good. Both solutions have 30 day free trial, but I would like to hear something from you. Any other solution that I should look? TIA, Bob

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• RemoteApp .rdp embed creds?

  - by Chris_K

  Windows 2008 R2 server running Remote Desktop Services (what we used to call Terminal Services back in the olden days). This server is the entry point into a hosted application -- you could call it Software as a Service I suppose. We have 3rd party clients connecting to use it. Using RemoteApp Manager to build RemoteApp .rdp shortcuts to distribute to client workstations. These workstations are not in the same domain as the RDS server. There is no trust relationship between domains (nor will there be). There is a tightly controlled site to site VPN between workstations and the RDS server, we're quite confident we have access to the server locked down. The remoteApp being run is an ERP application with its own authentication scheme. The issue? I'm trying to avoid the need to create AD logins for every end user when connecting to the RemoteApp server. In fact, since we're doing a remoteApp and they have to authenticate to that app, I'd rather just not prompt them at all for AD creds. I certainly don't want them caught up in managing AD passwords (and periodic expirations) for accounts they only use to get to their ERP login. However, I can't figure out how to embed AD creds in a RemoteApp .rdp file. I don't really want to turn off all authentication on the RDS server at that level. Any good options? My goal is to make this as seamless as possible for the end-users. Clarifying questions are welcome.

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• Understanding Security Certificates (and thier pricing)

  - by John Robertson

  I work at a very small company so certificate costs need to be absolutely minimal. However for some applications we do Need to have our customers get that warm fuzzy not-using-a-self-signed certificate feeling. Since creating a "certificate authority" with makecert really just means creating a public/private key pair, it seems pretty clear that creating a public/private key pair FROM such a "certificate authority" really just means generating a second public/private key pair and signing both with the private key that belongs to the "certificate authority". Since the keys are signed anyone can verify they came from the certificate authority I created, or if verisign gave me the pair they sign it with one of their own private keys, and anyone can use verisigns corresponding public key to confirm verisign as the source of the keys. Given this I don't understand when I go to verisign or godaddy why they have rates only for yearly plans, when all I really want from them is a single public/private key pair signed with one of their private keys (so that anyone else can use their public keys to confirm that, yes, they gave me that public/private key pair and they confirmed I was who I said I was so you can trust my public/private key pair as belonging to a legitimate third party). Clearly I am misunderstanding something, what is it? Does verisign retire their public/private key pairs periodically so that my verisign signed key pair "expires" and I need new ones? Edit: I learned that the certificate has an internal expiration date and it also maintains an internal value stating whether it can be used to sign other certificates (i.e. sign other private/public key pairs stored as certificates). Can't I get a few (even one) non-signing certificate signed by someone like verisign that I can use for authentication/encryption without a yearly subscription?

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• Munin with postgresql 9.2

  - by jreid9001

  I am trying to set up Munin to collect stats on a server with postgresql 9.1 and 9.2 (the server is currently running 9.1, have tested on a fresh VM with 9.2 to rule out some weird problem on the running server. I had to patch some of the plugins for 9.2 due to renamed columns (e.g. procpid to pid), but that's no problem). Munin is installed from the EPEL repos, postgres from the official one. Both up to date. When I try to run munin-node-configure --suggest, I get this output: # The following plugins caused errors: # postgres_bgwriter: # Junk printed to stderr # postgres_cache_: # Junk printed to stderr # postgres_checkpoints: # Junk printed to stderr # postgres_connections_: # Junk printed to stderr # postgres_connections_db: # Junk printed to stderr # postgres_locks_: # Junk printed to stderr # postgres_querylength_: # Junk printed to stderr # postgres_scans_: # Junk printed to stderr # postgres_size_: # Junk printed to stderr # postgres_transactions_: # Junk printed to stderr # postgres_tuples_: # Junk printed to stderr # postgres_users: # Junk printed to stderr # postgres_xlog: # Junk printed to stderr After a lot of searching around, I edited /etc/munin/plugin-conf.d/munin-node and added the following: [postgres*] user postgres This stops munin-node-configure complaining about stderr and lets me add the plugins, but when I telnet to the server on 4949 and try to fetch the stats, I just get "Bad exit". When I run the plugin individually via munin-run (e.g. munin-run postgres_size_ALL ), it works completely fine. Looking at /var/log/munin/munin-node.log, this is the output: Error output from postgres_size_ALL: DBI connect('dbname=template1','',...)failed: could not connect to server: Permission denied Is the server running locally and accepting connections on Unix domain socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432"? at /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/Munin/Plugin/Pgsql.pm line 377 Service 'postgres_size_ALL exited with status 1/0. I am now out of ideas... the socket definitely exists, and pg_hba.conf is set to allow all users/databases from localhost with trust.

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• Windows 8 - no internet connetction to some hosts while VPN is active

  - by HTD

  I use VPN to access the servers at work. When VPN is used, all network traffic to the Internet passes through my company network. It worked without any problems on Windows 7, now on Windows 8 some sites suddenly became inaccessible. Please note - I don't try to connect them over RDP, they are public Internet addresses, outside company network. They are inaccessible using any protocol. Ping returns "General failure.". I know it could be a misconfiguration on my company's server side, but it's very strange, since the same VPN connection used on Windows 7 works properly. What's wrong? Is it a Windows 8 bug, or is there something I could do on my company servers to make VPN work as expected with Windows 8? My company network works on Windows Server 2008 R2 and uses Microsoft TMG firewall. I couldn't find any rules blocking the traffic to mentioned sites, all network traffic for VPN users are passed through for all IPs and protocols. Any clues? UDPATE: Important - one whole day it worked. I hibernated and restarted the computer, connected and disconnected VPN - nothing could break my connection. Today it broke again, and restarting Windows didn't help. And now the solution: route add -p 0.0.0.0 MASK 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.1 Oh, OK, I know what it did, added my default gateway to routing table. But it still didn't work sometimes. So I removed my main network gateway route with: route delete -p 0.0.0.0 MASK 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 And added modified with: route add -p 0.0.0.0 MASK 255.255.255.255 192.168.0.1 And it works. Now. But I don't trust this. I don't know what really happened.

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• Sniffing at work- How to detect

  - by coffeeaddict

  Because of the place I work has some real issues (people) especially in IT and the owner, I wonder if we are being sniffed. Is there any way to tell if on a Vista 64-bit machine: 1) In system logs some identification that would tell me that someone might log into my PC such as an Admin 2) Something in the logs that would give me a flag about maybe I'm being monitored some other way? 3) How can I be sure that my gmail, hotmail, and chat is not being sniffed. I know there are things like Simp, etc. I'm talking about specific hidden system signs either in registry or logs. Obviously I'm not going to raise any suspicion by me asking our network admin. I don't trust anyone at this company. is there a good way to basically monitor for this as an end user? Could someone log in and basically watch me work and if so, would there be any goodies left behind for me to find out if this has happened other than visual signs which would not be present...maybe some running processes?

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• --log-slave-updates is OFF but updates received from master are still logged to slave binary log?

  - by quanta

  MySQL version 5.5.14 According to the document, by the default, slave does not log to its binary log any updates that are received from a master server. Here are my config. on the slave: # egrep 'bin|slave' /etc/my.cnf relay-log=mysqld-relay-bin log-bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin binlog-format=MIXED sync_binlog = 1 log-bin-trust-function-creators = 1 mysql> show global variables like 'log_slave%'; +-------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------+-------+ | log_slave_updates | OFF | +-------------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) mysql> select @@log_slave_updates; +---------------------+ | @@log_slave_updates | +---------------------+ | 0 | +---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) but slave still logs the updates that are received from a master to its binary logs, let's see the file size: -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 37M Apr 1 01:00 /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.001256 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 25M Apr 2 01:00 /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.001257 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 46M Apr 3 01:00 /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.001258 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 115M Apr 4 01:00 /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.001259 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 105M Apr 4 18:54 /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.001260 and the sample query when reading these binary files with mysqlbinlog utility: #120404 19:08:57 server id 3 end_log_pos 110324763 Query thread_id=382435 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1333541337/*!*/; INSERT INTO norep_SplitValues VALUES ( NAME_CONST('cur_string',_utf8'118212' COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci')) /*!*/; # at 110324763 Did I miss something?

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• Win2k8R2 / IIS 7.5 - users getting 503 response, no 503 error reported in logs

  - by merk

  I've got 2 web servers with mirrored content. There's a load balancer sitting in front of them. Starting yesterday we've been getting people complaining about 503 errors. i can't find any 503 errors in the IIS log file. However the server host is saying these errors are due to .Net errors in our website which are causing the app pool to recycle. They pointed out several errors in the windows application event log which look like this: Log Name: Application Source: ASP.NET 4.0.30319.0 Date: 3/31/2012 8:35:37 PM Event ID: 1309 Task Category: Web Event Level: Warning Keywords: Classic User: N/A Computer: 6251.local Description: Event code: 3005 Event message: An unhandled exception has occurred. Event time: 3/31/2012 8:35:37 PM Event time (UTC): 4/1/2012 1:35:37 AM Event ID: e7a580c7b38545cca3416a8595408f24 Event sequence: 97 Event occurrence: 1 Event detail code: 0 Application information: Application domain: /LM/W3SVC/2/ROOT-1-129777167518960645 Trust level: Full Application Virtual Path: / Application Path: C:\inetpub\wwwroot\mywebsite\ Machine name: 6252 Process information: Process ID: 20000 Process name: w3wp.exe Account name: IIS APPPOOL\MyAppPool In particular they are saying that the account name under Process Information indicates that the app pool is recycling. They said if the app pool were not recycle, the accountname would instead be the folder where the website files are located. I checked the app pool settings - it's set to recycle every 29 hours. And the rapid fail protection is set to the default of 5 failures in 5 minutes. But i have not seen 5 failures in the event log in that short of a time span. Can anyone help me confirm if the 503 responses are indeed being generated by the app pools recycling? Or are these errors coming from somewhere else? My guess at the time was their load balancer was the one actually returning the 503 error. But that was just a guess.

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• Surprising corruption and never-ending fsck after resizing a filesystem.

  - by Steve Kemp

  System in question has Debian Lenny installed, running a 2.65.27.38 kernel. System has 16Gb memory, and 8x1Tb drives running behind a 3Ware RAID card. The storage is managed via LVM. Short version: Running a KVM guest which had 1.7Tb storage allocated to it. The guest was reaching a full-disk. So we decided to resize the disk that it was running upon We're pretty familiar with LVM, and KVM, so we figured this would be a painless operation: Stop the KVM guest. Extend the size of the LVM partition: "lvextend -L+500Gb ..." Check the filesystem : "e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/..." Resize the filesystem: "resize2fs /dev/mapper/" Start the guest. The guest booted successfully, and running "df" showed the extra space, however a short time later the system decided to remount the filesystem read-only, without any explicit indication of error. Being paranoid we shut the guest down and ran the filesystem check again, given the new size of the filesystem we expected this to take a while, however it has now been running for 24 hours and there is no indication of how long it will take. Using strace I can see the fsck is "doing stuff", similarly running "vmstat 1" I can see that there are a lot of block input/output operations occurring. So now my question is threefold: Has anybody come across a similar situation? Generally we've done this kind of resize in the past with zero issues. What is the most likely cause? (3Ware card shows the RAID arrays of the backing stores as being A-OK, the host system hasn't rebooted and nothing in dmesg looks important/unusual) Ignoring brtfs + ext3 (not mature enough to trust) should we make our larger partitions in a different filesystem in the future to avoid either this corruption (whatever the cause) or reduce the fsck time? xfs seems like the obvious candidate?

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• Adding add-ins to excel - strange communicates

  - by Jacob

  I am using Excel 2010 and 2013. I would like to add an excel add-in from page http://xlloop.sourceforge.net/ . There is file with name xlloop-0.3.2 and extension Microsoft Excel XLL Add-In. I added this file from menu File - Options - Add-Ins - In combobox Manage i choosed Excel Add-Ins - Go... - Browse and I choosed my file. I see the following comunicate: "C:\...\xlloop-0.3.2.xll" is not a valid add-in. Thus, I do next attempt. I go from menu File - Open - and I choosed my file. I see comunicate: The file you are trying to open "xlloop-0.3.2.xll", is in a difference format than specified by the file extension. Verify that the file is not corrupted and is from a trusted source before opening the file. Do you want to open the file now? After I clicked Yes I see a lot of signs (something like from chinese :)) My last attempt was double clicked on file. I see: The file format and extension of "xlloop-0.3.2.xll" don't match. The file could be corrupted or unsafe. Unless you trust its source , don't open it. Do you want open it anyway? After clicked yes I see something like the second attempt. I am really very confused because some of my friends have the same version of excel and they don't have these communicates. Do you have any idea where is the problem in my excel? I very need this addin to work with Java. I will very grateful for your help! Thanks in advance!

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• Verify client certificate CN in Tomcat(APR)

  - by Petter

  I'm running a tomcat installation with the APR libraries installed (with the OpenSSL HTTPS stack that comes with it). What I'm trying to do is to lock a specific HTTPS connector down to users of a specific certificate. Adding client certificate verification is no issue, but I can't get it to validate against a specific Common name only. I was perhaps a bit naïve and thought the mod_ssl attribute SSLRequire typically used in Apache Httpd would work, but that property is not recognized by the Tomcat implementation. (http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/config/http.html#SSL%20Support points to some mod_ssl docs, but the Tomcat implementation does not seem to cover all aspects of mod_ssl). I can get this to work by using the Java version of the connector instead of APR (losing some performance) and just add a trust store with that one certificate in it. However, using openssl without the SSLRequire expressions, I'm not sure how to do this with Tomcat7 (on Windows if that matters). <Connector protocol="HTTP/1.1" port="443" maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true" SSLEnabled="true" SSLCertificateFile="mycert.pem" SSLCertificateKeyFile="privkey.pem" SSLCACertificateFile="CABundle.pem" SSLVerifyClient="require" SSLProtocol="TLSv1" SSLRequire="(%{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_CN} eq &quot;host.example.com&quot;)"/> Can you suggest a way to make this work using Tomcat/APR/OpenSSL?

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• I have added a port to the public zone in firewalld but still can't access the port

  - by mikemaccana

  I've been using iptables for a long time, but have never used firewalld until recently. I have enabled port 3000 TCP via firewalld with the following command: # firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3000/tcp --permanent However I can't access the server on port 3000. From an external box: telnet 178.62.16.244 3000 Trying 178.62.16.244... telnet: connect to address 178.62.16.244: Connection refused There are no routing issues: I have a separate rule for a port forward from port 80 to port 8000 which works fine externally. My app is definitely listening on the port too: Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State User Inode PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 99 36797 18662/node firewall-cmd doesn't seem to show the port either - see how ports is empty. You can see the forward rule I mentioned earlier. # firewall-cmd --list-all public (default, active) interfaces: eth0 sources: services: dhcpv6-client ssh ports: masquerade: no forward-ports: port=80:proto=tcp:toport=8000:toaddr= icmp-blocks: rich rules: However I can see the rule in the XML config file: # cat /etc/firewalld/zones/public.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <zone> <short>Public</short> <description>For use in public areas. You do not trust the other computers on networks to not harm your computer. Only selected incoming connections are accepted.</description> <service name="dhcpv6-client"/> <service name="ssh"/> <port protocol="tcp" port="3000"/> <forward-port to-port="8000" protocol="tcp" port="80"/> </zone> What else do I need to do to allow access to my app on port 3000? Also: is adding access via a port the correct thing to do? Or should I make a firewalld 'service' for my app instead?

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• Cacti is ignoring hash marks in interface aliases

  - by Matt Simmons

  I'm attempting to set up Cacti to monitor a router's interfaces, and I'm having trouble getting the graph templates to show the information that I'd like. Our interface configuration looks like this: interface GigabitEthernet3/6 description WalljackNumber # Server info no ip address no shutdown switchport switchport access vlan 116 switchport mode access ip dhcp snooping trust spanning-tree portfast The "Server Info" string is really just the machine name, and a short relevant description, such as "PolarSprings vmnic2". The important part appears to be that it follows the hashmark. When I run snmpwalk, I get the proper output: IF-MIB::ifAlias.230 = STRING: WalljackNumber # Server info But in Cacti, when I go into the graph templates and set the title to this: |host_description| - Traffic - |query_ifName| (|query_ifAlias|) All that shows up in the graph is: switchname - Traffic - Gi3/6 (WalljackNumber #) Which strikes me as a little weird. What I suppose MAY be happening is that somewhere in the cacti stream, it's interpreting # as being a comment and stripping everything after, but I'm not sure. I was hoping someone could tell me that this was a known documented behavior, or that I could change it in a setting that I wasn't aware of. The alternative answer is to change the delimiter from # to something else, but I've got over a thousand lit switchports on an old college infrastructure, and I'm not sure what else might be relying on them.

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• Why do my backup fail when I target a network share hosted by a Synology DS211 disk station?

  - by Larry

  My backups are failing when I try to use a network share hosted by a Synology DS211 disk station. They work fine if I target a different network share (i.e. \server1\data\larry). When I run the following command: Wbadmin start backup -backupTarget:\\diskstation\backup-larry -include:C: This is what I get: wbadmin 1.0 - Backup command-line tool (C) Copyright 2004 Microsoft Corp. Note: The backed up data cannot be securely protected at this destination. Backups stored on a remote shared folder might be accessible by other people on the network. You should only save your backups to a location where you trust the other users who have access to the location or on a network that has additional security precautions in place. Retrieving volume information... This will back up volume WIN7(C:) to \\diskstation\backup-larry. Do you want to start the backup operation? [Y] Yes [N] No y Note: The list of volumes included for backup does not include all the volumes that contain operating system components. This backup cannot be used to perform a system recovery. However, you can recover other items if the destination media type supports it. The backup operation to \\diskstation\backup-larry is starting. Creating a shadow copy of the volumes specified for backup... Creating a shadow copy of the volumes specified for backup... The backup operation stopped before completing. Summary of the backup operation: ------------------ The backup operation stopped before completing. Detailed error: Access is denied. Windows Backup failed to write the file: '<backup location>\WindowsImageBackup\<Computer Name>\MediaId'. Access is denied. The backup creates the following path \\diskstation\backup-larry\WindowsImageBackup\LARRY-MYDOMAIN\ but its empty. I definitely have read/write access on the target directory (\diskstation\backup-larry). I have verified this by looking at the permission and by actually copying files to this location. Any suggestions?

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• Private staff network within public network

  - by pianohacker

  I'm the sysadmin at a small public library. Since I got here a few years ago, I've been trying to set up the network in a secure and simple way. Security is a little tricky; the staff and patron networks need to be separated, for security reasons. Even if I further isolated the public wireless, I'd still rather not trust the security of our public computers. However, the two networks also need to communicate; even if I set up enough VMs so they didn't share any servers, they need to use the same two printers at the very least. Currently, I'm solving this with some jerry-rigged commodity equipment. The patron network, linked together by switches, has a Windows server connected to it for DNS and DHCP and a DSL modem for a gateway. Also on the patron network is the WAN side of a Linksys router. This router is the "top" of the staff network, and has the same Windows server connected on a different port, providing DNS and DHCP, and another, faster DSL modem (separate connections are very useful, especially as we heavily depend on some cloud-hosted software). tl;dr: We have a public network, and a NATed staff network within it. My question is; is this really the best way to do this? The right equipment would likely make my job easier, but anything with more than four ports and even rudimentary management quickly becomes a heavy hit on our budget. (My original question was about an ungodly frustrating DHCP routing issue, but I thought I'd ask whether my network was broken rather than asking about the DHCP problem and being told my network was broken.)

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• Can I tell if crashplan has backed up a particular file in a particular state?

  - by Chris Cogdon

  I would like to be able to tell, programmatically, if CrashPlan has backed-up a particular file, including the current updates to that file. I.e., that the current contents of a file are backed up. It's relatively easy to tell when CrashPlan last backed up a file: its file name appears in /usr/local/crashplan/log/backup_files.log.0, and with some accuracy, I could compare the backup time with the last modification time to the file, but that method appears to be somewhat dubious. A couple of methods I could think of, but I don't know how: Compare the current file to CrashPlan's metadata about that file. This needs knowledge about the format of CrashPlan's "cache" files as well as the hashing system used. This might be achievable through the CLI, but the CLI is just a portal into the GUI, and I need something that's scriptable. Restore the file to a temporary directory, and compare it. Unfortunately, there is no CLI to do restores; the GUI is the only way. I'll describe what I'm trying to achieve. It would be nice to know how to do the above, even if there are alternative methods for the following: I'm using CrashPlan for continuous backups to my PostgreSQL database, using WAL archives. In the current configuration, the archive command copies the files to an archive directory, which is backed up by CrashPlan. Every so often I manually confirm (or just trust) a group of WALs are backed up, and remove them from the archive directory, and occasionally do a restore through the GUI to ensure I can retrieve current and "deleted" WALs. The xlog directory is backed-up, too, so I have a good chance of doing a near-full restore even if a particular xlog hasn't been archived by PostgreSQL yet. I'd like to be able to automate this process, which necessitates either confirming the backup status and recency, or automating a restore for comparison purposes. (As a bonus, if the method is trustworthy, I could turn the "archive_command" from "copy to archive directory" into "confirm CrashPlan has backed up the current version", and do away with the archive directory completely). (And, yes, I'm doing regular pg_dumpall's, in addition to the above.)

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• Looking for "bitmap-vector" image editor

  - by Borek

  I used to use PhotoImpact which is no longer developed so I'm looking for a replacement. What made PhotoImpact great to me was the ability to work in both bitmap and vector modes. What I mean by that: I could have an image or screenshot and easily add arrows, text captions or shapes to it. These shapes were vector objects so I could come back to them later and amend their properties easily. Software I know of: Paint.NET is purely bitmap so please don't recommend it - layers are not enough for my needs Drawing tools in MS Office work pretty much the way I'd like - you can paste an image and then add vector objects on top of it. It just doesn't feel right to have the full-fidelity original images stored as .docx or .pptx (I don't fully trust Word/Powerpoint that they don't compress the image) I'm not sure about GIMP but if it's just "better Paint.NET" (i.e., layers but no vector objects) I'm not interested Photoshop is out of question purely because of its price tag Corel killed PhotoImpact because they already had a competing product (Paint Shop Pro) but AFAIK it lacks vector features. Any tips for PhotoImpact alternatives would be very welcome.

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• Central Authentication For Windows, Linux, Network Devices

  - by mojah

  I'm trying to find a way to centralize user management & authentication for a large collection of Windows & Linux Servers, including network devices (Cisco, HP, Juniper). Options include RADIUS/LDAP/TACACS/... Idea is to keep track with staff changes, and access towards these devices. Preferably a system that is compatible with both Linux, Windows & those network devices. Seems like Windows is the most stubborn of them all, for Linux & Network equipment it's easier to implement a solution (using PAM.D for instance). Should we look for an Active Directory/Domain Controller solution for Windows? Fun sidenote; we also manage client systems, that are often already in a domain. Trust-relationships between Domain Controllers isn't always an option for us (due to client security restrictions). I'd love to hear fresh ideas on how to implement such a centralized authentication "portal" for those systems.

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• Vlans and subinterfaces

  - by Adeodatus

  I've inherited a moderate size network that I'm trying to bring some sanity to. Basically, its 8 public class Cs and a slew of private ranges all on one vlan (vlan1, of course). Most of the network is located throughout dark sites. I need to start separating some of the network. I've changed the ports from the main cisco switch (3560) to the cisco router (3825) and the other remote switches to trunking with dot1q encapsulation. I'd like to start moving a few select subnets to different vlans. To get some of the different services provided on our address space (and to separate customers) on to different vlans, do I need to create a subinterface on the router for each vlan and, if so, how do I get the switch port to work on a specific vlan? Keep in mind, these are dark sites and geting console access is difficult if not impossible at the moment. I was planning on creating a subinterface on the router for each vlan then setting the ports with services I want to move to a different vlan to allow only that vlan. Example of vlan3: 3825: interface GigabitEthernet0/1.3 description Vlan-3 encapsulation dot1Q 3 ip address 192.168.0.81 255.255.255.240 the connection between the switch and router: interface GigabitEthernet0/48 description Core-router switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q switchport mode trunk show interfaces gi0/48 switchport Name: Gi0/48 Switchport: Enabled Administrative Mode: trunk Operational Mode: trunk Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q Operational Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q Negotiation of Trunking: On Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default) Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default) Administrative Native VLAN tagging: enabled Voice VLAN: none Administrative private-vlan host-association: none Administrative private-vlan mapping: none Administrative private-vlan trunk native VLAN: none Administrative private-vlan trunk Native VLAN tagging: enabled Administrative private-vlan trunk encapsulation: dot1q Administrative private-vlan trunk normal VLANs: none Administrative private-vlan trunk private VLANs: none Operational private-vlan: none Trunking VLANs Enabled: ALL Pruning VLANs Enabled: 2-1001 Capture Mode Disabled Capture VLANs Allowed: ALL Protected: false Unknown unicast blocked: disabled Unknown multicast blocked: disabled Appliance trust: none So, if the boxen hanging off of gi0/18 on the 3560 are on an unmanaged layer2 switch and all within the 192.168.0.82-95 range and are using 192.168.0.81 as their gateway, what is left to do, especially to gi0/18, to get this working on vlan3? Are there any recommendations for a better setup without taking everything offline?

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• Can I get all active directory passwords in clear text using reversible encryption?

  - by christian123

  EDIT: Can anybody actually answer the question? Thanks, I don't need no audit trail, I WILL know all the passwords and users can't change them and I will continue to do so. This is not for hacking! We recently migrated away from a old and rusty Linux/Samba domain to an active directory. We had a custom little interface to manage accounts there. It always stored the passwords of all users and all service accounts in cleartext in a secure location (Of course, many of you will certainly not think of this a being secure, but without real exploits nobody could read that) and disabled password changing on the samba domain controller. In addition, no user can ever select his own passwords, we create them using pwgen. We don't change them every 40 days or so, but only every 2 years to reward employees for really learning them and NOT writing them down. We need the passwords to e.g. go into user accounts and modify settings that are too complicated for group policies or to help users. These might certainly be controversial policies, but I want to continue them on AD. Now I save new accounts and their PWGEN-generated (pwgen creates nice sounding random words with nice amounts of vowels, consonants and numbers) manually into the old text-file that the old scripts used to maintain automatically. How can I get this functionality back in AD? I see that there is "reversible encryption" in AD accounts, probably for challenge response authentication systems that need the cleartext password stored on the server. Is there a script that displays all these passwords? That would be great. (Again: I trust my DC not to be compromised.) Or can I have a plugin into AD users&computers that gets a notification of every new password and stores it into a file? On clients that is possible with GINA-dlls, they can get notified about passwords and get the cleartext.

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• How does one make sure or even guarantee server time are sync correctly between dozens of servers across multiple datacenter on different location?

  - by forestclown

  Currently our web applications contain a logic to check if the data sent to the web server is expired or not by comparing the timestamp of the data with the date/time of the server. Everything goes will, until some dude from data center accidentally modify one of the web server date/time and causes some disruptions in our web services. My managers are of course not happy with this, and said we shouldn't use timestamp to check expiry in the first place...anyway.... Network Time Protocol is implemented, because of data centers are spread across different continents so we have one NTP server in each data center. The servers within the data center will have cron jobs to check against the time with their NTP server from the same data center. If time is out of sync it will auto update the server date/time. But then with our managers not happy with it, and think it could still easily causes the same problem. e.g. what if someone accidentally modify the NTP date/time? what if all the NTP servers are out of sync with each other? which NTP servers we can really trust? and blah blah.. So my questions are: What are the current practice to sync date/time between servers across multiple data centers or locations? How does one manages time stamp between web apps? e.g. Server A send data (contain timestamp of Server A) to Server B (compare timestamp between Server B and the timestamp from the data to see if it has expired or not. This is to avoid HTTP replay) Should we really not use timestamp check? Thanks & Best Regards

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• IP Blacklists and suspicious inbound and outbound traffic

  - by Pantelis Sopasakis

  I administer a web server and recently we had our IP banned (!) from our host after they received a notification e-mail for abuse. In particular our server is allegedly involved in spam attacks over HTTP. The content of the abuse report email we received was not much informative - for example the IP addresses our server is supposed to have attacked against are not included - so I started a wireshark session checking for suspicious traffic over TCP/HTTP while trying to locate possible security holes on the system. (Let me note that the machine runs a Debian OS). Here is an example of such a request... Source: 89.74.188.233 Destination: 12.34.56.78 // my ip Protocol: HTTP Info: GET 'http://www.media.apniworld.com/image.php?type=hv' HTTP/1.0 I manually blacklisted this host (as well as some other ones) blocking them with iptables, but I can't keep on doing manually all day long... I'm looking for an automated way to block such IPs based on: Statistical analysis, pattern recognition or other AI-based analysis (Though, I'm reluctant to trust such a solution, if exists) Public blacklists Using DNSBL I actually found out that 89.74.188.233 is blacklisted. However other IPs which are strongly suspicious like 93.199.112.126 (i.e. http://www.pornstarnetwork.com/account/signin), unfortunately were not blacklisted! What I would like to do is to automatically connect my firewall with DNSBL (or some other blacklist database) and block all traffic towards blacklisted IPs or somehow have my local blacklist automatically updated.

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