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  • How to determine the best byte size for the dd command

    - by James
    I know that doing a dd if=/dev/hda of=/dev/hdb does a deep hard drive copy. I've heard that people have been able to speed up the process by increasing the number of bytes that are read and written at a time (512) with the "bs" option. People have suggested that the optimal byte size is due to sector size. I personally think it would have something to do with the amount of cache that the hard drive has. My question is: What determines the ideal byte size for copying from a hard drive? and Why does that determine the ideal byte size?

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  • iptables and snatting to different networks

    - by codingfreak
    linuxbox (p.q.r.t) | | INTERNAL ------ ABCD ----- INTERNET (p.q.r.s) (m.n.o.k) ABCD has 3 interfaces connected to linuxbox, INTERNAL N/W, INTERNET. Linuxbox has a private address (p.q.r.t). At present I am snatting the packets from linuxbox to INTERNET at ABCD. I have a small doubt regarding the FTP from linuxbox since I have to support ftp from linuxbox to both INTERNAL N/W as well as in INTERNET. How can I right a rule in iptables present in ABCD where it can decide if the destination ip-address of ftp server is within INTERNAL N/W or in INTERNET and do natting accordingly.

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  • Problems connecting Centos on VMware to the network using bridged connection.

    - by Sakin
    Hi, I installed CentOs on VMware running on windows XP. When trying to configure it to connect to the internet in a bridged configuration, I get an error message when trying to bring up the network interface: [root@VMLinux ~]# /et/init.d/network start Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth0: Determining IP information for eth0... failed [FAILED] VM is running on a machine that has access to the network, I tried it on two different networks that have DHCP enabled. Everything works fine when using a NAT connection through my host. How can I make the bridge work for me? Thanks.

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  • Debian Bluetooth headphones not working

    - by cYrus
    Hardware Headphones Bluetooth dongle Maybe not exactly these models. Setup I tried to follow some guides, here's what I've done so far: Install software: sudo apt-get install bluez-utils bluez-alsa Reboot (just to be sure): $ dmesg | grep -i bluetooth [ 20.268212] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.16 [ 20.268230] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized [ 20.268233] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized [ 20.268235] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized [ 20.268239] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized [ 20.284685] Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized [ 20.284692] Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized [ 20.284693] Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.11 [ 20.335375] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3 [ 20.335378] Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast The deamon is running: $ /etc/init.d/bluetooth status [ ok ] bluetooth is running. Plug the dongle: $ dmesg | tail [...] [23108.352034] usb 5-2: new full-speed USB device number 2 using ohci_hcd [23108.571131] usb 5-2: New USB device found, idVendor=0a12, idProduct=0001 [23108.571136] usb 5-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=0, SerialNumber=0 [23108.629042] usbcore: registered new interface driver btusb Put the headphones in pairing mode, and try scanning: $ hcitool scan Scanning ... Found nothing. What's next? What should I try? I'll update this answer as soon as you provide me hints.

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  • AutoMatically Creating New Sites When New Users Sign Up

    - by Eddy Freeman
    I would like to know how hosted eCommerce sites like www.shopify.com, www.3dCart.com etc.. automatically creates new sites when new users sign up. What kind of tools do they use to create those sites into the users profile. I have tried googling but couldn't find an answer. Does any of you guys have any knowledge or experience that you can share with me? Or do you know a tutorial that you can point me to? I hope my question is clear. Thanks for your help.

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  • How to Configure Sendmail / Webmin for second IP?

    - by user310594
    Hi, LAMP Centos5.4 Webmin Until recently I have had all domains using "server1.example.com" Now I have newdomain.com on second.ip.address.works (works for DNS that is) Please tell me how to setup sendmail so the mail is sent from the second ip address? This is new for me: IF I need to create a second server called "server2.domain2.com", then please tell exactly how since I'm only experienced with one server per VPS. Whether "server2.domain2.com" needs to be created or not, here is exactly what is needed: # Mail being sent from domains using ns1.example.com needs to be sent from that server and that IP. Mail being sent from domains using nsother.example2.com sent from that IP + how to set up the second server / hostname, if needed. Thank you.

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  • TFTP PUT Failing Across Hosts

    - by Jason
    I have a TFTP server installed on a CentOS host. /etc/xinetd.d/tftp: service tftp { disable = no socket_type = dgram protocol = udp wait = yes user = root server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd server_args = -c -s /var/lib/tftpboot per_source = 11 cps = 100 2 flags = IPv4 } If I try to PUT a file from a remote host to the host running the TFTP server, I get Transfer Timed Out - however, it does create the file in /var/lib/tftpboot but the file is empty. If I tftp from the tftp server to itself (localhost) and PUT a file, it works fine. I have verified that SELinux is disabled and IPTables are turned off. I can connect from the remote hosts with no issue - just seems to be the PUT I have issue with: [root@SVR01 TEST]# tftp 10.100.2.15 tftp> status Connected to 10.100.2.15. Mode: netascii Verbose: off Tracing: off Literal: off Rexmt-interval: 5 seconds, Max-timeout: 25 seconds tftp>

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  • Set nginx.conf to deny all connections except to certain files or directories

    - by Ben
    I am trying to set up Nginx so that all connections to my numeric ip are denied, with the exception of a few arbitrary directories and files. So if someone goes to my IP, they are allowed to access the index.php file, and the phpmyadmin directory for example, but should they try to access any other directories, they will be denied. This is my server block from nginx.conf: server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root html; index index.html index.htm index.php; } location ~ \.php$ { root html; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /srv/http/nginx/$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } } How would I proceed? Thanks very much!

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  • Apache won't follow Symlink

    - by Marvin Dickhaus
    I have a LAMP server (Ubuntu 12.10) setup on my development machine. It is a T60 modified with an SSD. The server base is in /var/www. Apache has the following config: DocumentRoot /var/www <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /var/www/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews SymLinksIfOwnerMatch AllowOverride all Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> I'm currently developing a SilverStripe CMS featured site. The folder for the server is /var/www/sfk/. The framework and all cms relavant features are in their respective folders. The only folder that need to be modified would be the /var/www/sfk/mysite folder. Because of that I want to keep the mysite folder under my home directory and symlink it into the server folder. So here is what I've done: ln -s ~/sfk/mysite/ /var/www/sfk/ sudo chgrp www-data /var/www/sfk/mysite -R ls tells me the following: /var/www/sfk (exerpt) drwxr-xr-x 3 marvin www-data 4096 Nov 16 16:53 assets drwxr-xr-x 12 marvin www-data 4096 Nov 16 16:53 cms drwxr-xr-x 29 marvin www-data 4096 Nov 16 16:53 framework -rw-r--r-- 1 marvin www-data 2410 Nov 16 16:53 index.php lrwxrwxrwx 1 marvin www-data 24 Nov 20 17:45 mysite -> /home/marvin/sfk/mysite/ -rw-rw-r-- 1 marvin www-data 514 Nov 16 16:55 _ss_environment.php drwxr-xr-x 4 marvin www-data 4096 Nov 16 16:53 themes and ls /var/www/sfk/mysite/ drwxrwxr-x 6 marvin www-data 4096 Nov 16 00:15 code drwxrwxr-x 2 marvin www-data 4096 Nov 16 11:51 _config -rwxrwxr-x 1 marvin www-data 2685 Nov 16 15:39 _config.php drwxrwxr-x 2 marvin www-data 4096 Nov 16 00:15 css drwxrwxr-x 2 marvin www-data 4096 Nov 16 00:15 images drwxrwxr-x 2 marvin www-data 4096 Nov 16 00:15 javascript drwxrwxr-x 5 marvin www-data 4096 Nov 16 00:15 templates This is literally the same setup I have on my desktop machine. The problem I have is that the mysite/ folder is just not recognized. I'm thankful for every advice I get. I'm frustrated because I'm stuck with this issue for hours.

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  • Multiple VLANs on a single subnet

    - by mstaessen
    I would like to establish the setup shown below. The image is taken from (http://gcharriere.com/blog/?p=620) and explains how to set this up on a brocade device. I would like to use an ubuntu server to do the routing. Right now, the switch and the server/router are connected with a trunk and the server uses the vlan package, kernel module and (inner) subnets for routing. I would like that: no IP addresses get lost in the subnetting (outer subnet is /26, inner subnets are /28) I don't want the rigorous subdivision of my outer subnet. I want to assign a VLAN to any IP in the outer subnet. How do I need to configure my interfaces? What is the "ubuntu" translation of "ip follow ve"? Thanks!

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  • Default permission for newly-created files/folders using ACLs not respected by commands like "unzip"

    - by Ngoc Pham
    I am having trouble with setting up a system for multiple users accessing the same set of files. I've read tuts and docs around and played with ACLs but haven't succeeded yet. MY SCENARIO: Have multiple users, for example, user1 and user2, which is belong to a group called sharedusers. They must have all WRITE permission to a same set of files and directories, say underlying in /userdata/sharing/. I have the folder's group set to sharedusers and SGID to have all newly created files/dirs inside set to same group. ubuntu@home:/userdata$ ll drwxr-sr-x 2 ubuntu sharedusers 4096 Nov 24 03:51 sharing/ I set ACLs for this directory so I can have permission of sub dirs/files inheritted from its parents. ubuntu@home:/userdata$ setfacl -m group:sharedusers:rwx sharing/ ubuntu@home:/userdata$ setfacl -d -m group:sharedusers:rwx sharing/ Here's what I've got: ubuntu@home:/userdata$ getfacl sharing/ # file: sharing/ # owner: ubuntu # group: sharedusers # flags: -s- user::rwx group::r-x group:sharedusers:rwx mask::rwx other::r-x default:user::rwx default:group::r-x default:group:sharedusers:rwx default:mask::rwx default:other::r-x Seems okay as when I create new folder with new files inside and the permission is correct. ubuntu@home:/userdata/sharing$ mkdir a && cd a ubuntu@home:/userdata/sharing/a$ touch a_test ubuntu@home:/userdata/sharing/a$ getfacl a_test # file: a_test # owner: ubuntu # group: sharedusers user::rw- group::r-x #effective:r-- group:sharedusers:rwx #effective:rw- mask::rw- other::r-- As you can see, the sharedusers group has effective permission rw-. HOWEVER, if I have a zip file, and use unzip -q command to unzip the file inside the folder sharing, the extracted folders don't have group write permisison. Therefore, the users from group sharedusers cannot modify files under those extracted folders. ubuntu@home:/userdata/sharing$ unzip -q Joomla_3.0.2-Stable-Full_Package.zip ubuntu@home:/userdata/sharing$ ll drwxrwsr-x+ 2 ubuntu sharedusers 4096 Nov 24 04:00 a/ drwxr-xr-x+ 10 ubuntu sharedusers 4096 Nov 7 01:52 administrator/ drwxr-xr-x+ 13 ubuntu sharedusers 4096 Nov 7 01:52 components/ You an spot the difference in permissions between folder a (created before) and folder administrator extracted by unzip. And the ACLs of a files inside administrator: ubuntu@home:/userdata/sharing$ getfacl administrator/index.php # file: administrator/index.php # owner: ubuntu # group: ubuntu user::rw- group::r-x #effective:r-- group:sharedusers:rwx #effective:r-- mask::r-- other::r-- It also has ubuntu group, not sharedusers group as expected. Could someone please explain the problem and give me advice? Thank you in advance!

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  • How to share drive space from vmware server 2 host to a guest?

    - by matnagel
    In the vmware tools in the guest there is an option to access shares from the host. What is the way to create such shares on a vmware 2 host? I did not find where in infrastructure web access. I also went through the vmware server 2 user's guide but did not see it mentioned. Can you help? This is an ubuntu 64 bit server 8.04 LTS host.

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  • Serial converter - cat /dev/ttyUSB0 hangs on open

    - by Alex
    I am using Ubuntu 11.04 and attached a Garmin data cable. The device gets recognized [17718.502138] USB Serial support registered for pl2303 [17718.502181] pl2303 2-1:1.0: pl2303 converter detected [17718.513416] usb 2-1: pl2303 converter now attached to ttyUSB0 [17718.513443] usbcore: registered new interface driver pl2303 [17718.513446] pl2303: Prolific PL2303 USB to serial adaptor driver ... but when I do a strace cat /dev/ttyUSB0 it hangs on the open part and does not continue any more open("/dev/ttyUSB0", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILEC If I do the same on Ubuntu 12.04 it stops on fread(" ... ") which is okay, as there is currently no data comming in at this port. I am not sure if it is just a different configuration of the system or an driver related problem. How can I track this down further? Unfortunately I can not update the old Ubuntu 11.04 system for different reasons at the moment.

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  • Having munin server monitoring problem: Graphs not being generated.

    - by geerlingguy
    When I run munin-cron (munin-cron --debug), I get the following error: 2010/05/10 13:39:01 [WARNING] Call to accept timed out. Remaining workers: archstl.org;archstl.archstl.org 2010/05/10 13:39:01 [DEBUG] Active workers: 1/8 These errors simply keep repeating themselves until I quit munin-cron. I've followed the directions for debugging munin on the 'Debugging Munin plugins' wiki page, but I get the following results when going through their directions: After telnetting to localhost 4949, I can see a list of plugins, see a node at archstl.archstl.org, but can't fetch anything. The output is as follows: >fetch cpu . However, on the same machine (which is both the node and the master munin server), I can run munin-run cpu, and it prints the results correctly to the command line, like so: user.value 100829130 nice.value 3479880 system.value 13969362 idle.value 664312639 iowait.value 12180168 irq.value 14242 softirq.value 199526 steal.value 0 Looking at the wiki page mentioned above, it looks like it might be a plugin environment problem, but I can't figure out how to fix/change this... If the plugin does run with munin-run but not through telnet, you probably have a PATH problem. Tip: Set env.PATH for the plugin in the plugin's environment file.

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  • One NIC going to sleep on Centos system

    - by sbleon
    I have two Dell boxes with two ethernet ports a piece. I have a cable directly connecting two of these ports, creating a tiny LAN with 10.3.3.x addresses. The other port on each box is hooked up to a switch and has a DHCP-supplied address to talk to the outside world. I've noticed that when scp'ing large files from one box to the other over the private LAN, the transfers sometimes stall. It appears that any other network activity on either box will cause the transfer to resume. Wake-on-LAN is disabled on all interfaces according to ethtool. What else could be causing these stalled transfers?

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  • Heartbeat/DRBD failover didn't work as expected. How do I make the failover more robust?

    - by Quinn Murphy
    I had a scenario where a DRBD-heartbeat set up had a failed node but did not failover. What happened was the primary node had locked up, but didn't go down directly (it was inaccessible via ssh or with the nfs mount, but it could be pinged). The desired behavior would have been to detect this and failover to the secondary node, but it appears that since the primary didn't go full down (there is a dedicated network connection from server to server), heartbeat's detection mechanism didn't pick up on that and therefore didn't failover. Has anyone seen this? Is there something that I need to configure to have more robust cluster failover? DRBD seems to otherwise work fine (had to resync when I rebooted the old primary), but without good failover, it's use is limited. heartbeat 3.0.4 drbd84 RHEL 6.1 We are not using Pacemaker nfs03 is the primary server in this setup, and nfs01 is the secondary. ha.cf # Hearbeat Logging logfacility daemon udpport 694 ucast eth0 192.168.10.47 ucast eth0 192.168.10.42 # Cluster members node nfs01.openair.com node nfs03.openair.com # Hearbeat communication timing. # Sets the triggers and pulse time for swapping over. keepalive 1 warntime 10 deadtime 30 initdead 120 #fail back automatically auto_failback on and here is the haresources file: nfs03.openair.com IPaddr::192.168.10.50/255.255.255.0/eth0 drbddisk::data Filesystem::/dev/drbd0::/data::ext4 nfs nfslock

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  • Forcedeth - too many iterations (6) in > nv_nic_irq

    - by RyanC
    Hey, I'm having trouble with an onboard nvidia gigabit network, under times of heavy load on the network, I'm seeing this error logged: "too many iterations (6) in nv_nic_irq" I'm running Hadoop DFS over these NICs and I see checksum errors build up until the whole thing just fails. I'm running the 2.6.26-2-amd64 kernel, and my initial research seems to imply its a problem with the forcedeth driver. Has anyone run into this problem before? Thanks in advance if anyone can help! Ryan

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  • Foremost custom file type not accepted by -t argument

    - by Channel72
    I'm trying to recover a deleted file on an ext3 file system using the foremost utility. The file I want to recover is a hpp C++ source code file. However, foremost does not automatically support the hpp file extension, so I have to add it to the config file. So, following the instructions on the man page, I add the following line to the config file: hpp n 50000 include include ASCII Then I run foremost as follows: $foremost -v -T -t hpp -i /dev/md0 -o /home/recover/ Instead of doing anything, it just displays the help message. If I change the hpp to htm or jpg, it works. So apparently foremost isn't accepting the custom file type I added into the config file. But I've looked over this dozens of times now, and I can't see what I'm doing wrong. I'm following the instructions exactly. Why doesn't foremost recognize the new file type I added to the config file?

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  • How to kill user processes from the same user?

    - by Grey
    I opened a VNC server and my VNC session is suddenly dead. I have lot of xterms open. When I ssh to the machine. and type users I see a bunch of users – my user accounts, like: userA UserA UserA UserA UserA UserA UserA I know I can use pkill -u usersname Since I can only log in as userA, every time I run pkill-u UserA, it will just kill my current session. but other userAs are still there What can I do?

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  • SFTP through proxy

    - by aerodynamic_props
    I have a large amount of data on scratch space at computer b that I want to get. In my network I cannot directly connect to computer b (ssh exits with "No route to host"); I must first connect to computer a, and then connect to computer b. I cannot move the data from the scratch space on computer b to computer a because of a disk quota that is imposed on me at computer a. How can I move the data from computer b to my computer in this situation?

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  • Disable ipv6 support completely on debian squeeze 6.0.5

    - by markus
    I want to disable ipv6 support completely on debian squeeze 6.0.5. In many other posts I have seen setting the parameter net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1 in /etc/sysctl.conf should disable it. I've set that parameter and rebooted, but netstat -natp shows me that the ntp deamon is still using ipv6: udp6 0 0 :::123 :::* 0 7983 3138/ntpd Is there anything else I need to configure?

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  • how to setup kismet.conf on Ubuntu

    - by Registered User
    I installed Kismet on my Ubuntu 10.04 machine as apt-get install kismet every thing seems to work fine. but when I launch it I see following error kismet Launching kismet_server: //usr/bin/kismet_server Suid priv-dropping disabled. This may not be secure. No specific sources given to be enabled, all will be enabled. Non-RFMon VAPs will be destroyed on multi-vap interfaces (ie, madwifi-ng) Enabling channel hopping. Enabling channel splitting. NOTICE: Disabling channel hopping, no enabled sources are able to change channel. Source 0 (addme): Opening none source interface none... FATAL: Please configure at least one packet source. Kismet will not function if no packet sources are defined in kismet.conf or on the command line. Please read the README for more information about configuring Kismet. Kismet exiting. Done. I followed this guide http://www.ubuntugeek.com/kismet-an-802-11-wireless-network-detector-sniffer-and-intrusion-detection-system.html#more-1776 how ever in kismet.conf I am not clear with following line source=none,none,addme as to what should I change this to. lspci -vnn shows 0c:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM4312 802.11b/g [14e4:4315] (rev 01) Subsystem: Dell Device [1028:000c] Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 17 Memory at f69fc000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: [40] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [58] Vendor Specific Information <?> Capabilities: [e8] Message Signalled Interrupts: Mask- 64bit+ Queue=0/0 Enable- Capabilities: [d0] Express Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting <?> Capabilities: [13c] Virtual Channel <?> Capabilities: [160] Device Serial Number Capabilities: [16c] Power Budgeting <?> Kernel driver in use: wl Kernel modules: wl, ssb and iwconfig shows lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. eth1 IEEE 802.11bg ESSID:"WIKUCD" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.462 GHz Access Point: <00:43:92:21:H5:09> Bit Rate=11 Mb/s Tx-Power:24 dBm Retry min limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Encryption key:off Power Managementmode:All packets received Link Quality=1/5 Signal level=-81 dBm Noise level=-90 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:169 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0 So what should I be putting in place of source=none,none,addme with output I mentioned above ?

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