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• Accidentally deleted /opt/local/bin without backup. Any help?

  - by Aaron

  Hi all, I'm on a Mac OS X 10.5.8 I was recently uninstalling mysql5 from /opt/local/bin. I typed: rm -rf /opt/local/bin mysql* instead of rm -rf /opt/local/bin/mysql* This deleted my entire /opt/local/bin directory which puts me in a bit of a bind. Is there any way to recover these files? If not, I have a friend that is using a similar set of programs, would it be possible to use the contents of his folder? If I end up needing to re-install everything in this folder, what is the best way to go about doing this? Thanks in advance!

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• How to get password prompt from scp when launched remotely via ssh

  - by Zek

  When I ssh to a remote system and execute scp, I do not get a password prompt: # ssh 192.168.1.32 "scp joe\@192.168.1.31:/etc/hosts /tmp" Permission denied, please try again. Permission denied, please try again. Permission denied (publickey,password,keyboard-interactive). If I break it up like this, it works fine: # ssh 192.168.1.32 # scp joe\@192.168.1.31:/etc/hosts /tmp [email protected]'s password: How can I make it prompt me for the password in the first example above? Note: No, I cannot use key-based authentication for this.

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• /etc/hosts.deny ignored in Ubuntu 14.04

  - by Matt

  I have Apache2 running on Ubuntu 14.04LTS. To begin securing network access to the machine, I want to start by blocking everything, then make specific allow statements for specific subnets to browse to sites hosted in Apache. The Ubuntu Server is installed with no packages selected during install, the only packages added after install are: apt-get update; apt-get install apache2, php5 (with additional php5-modules), openssh-server, mysql-client Following are my /etc/hosts.deny & /etc/hosts.allow settings: /etc/hosts.deny ALL:ALL /etc/hosts.allow has no allow entries at all. I would expect all network protocols to be denied. The symptom is that I can still web browse to sites hosted on the Apache web server even though there is a deny all statement in /etc/hosts.deny The system was rebooted after the deny entry was added. Why would /etc/hosts.deny with ALL:ALL be ignored and allow http browsing to sites hosted on the apache web server?

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• SSH command from PHP script - nothing, yet work at cmd line

  - by waxical

  I'm working on an EC2 box and trying to SSH command another box. The command works in command-line, even php -a interactive. However it does not work when running as apache. Example cmd:- system('ssh -i /home/me/keys/key.pem [email protected] "ls"'); I've tried adding apache to wheel group, and gshadow on both boxes. I've also just tried chowning the pem file to apache. Nothing. Yet the command response fine in the two other use cases outlines. What's going on here? Anyone know?

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• How to downgrade JRE's version in ubuntu?

  - by abc

  Hello, currently i am having jre 1.6.0_20 i want to downgrade it to jre 1.6.0_17 ? how can i downgrade?

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• the effect of large number of files on disk space in unix filesystems

  - by user46976

  If I have a text file in Unix that contains N-many independent entries (e.g. records about employees, where each employee has a separate record), is it expected that this file will take up less space than if I split the file into N files, each containing the entry for one employee? in other words, can one save significant space on unix file systems by concatenating many files together, or is the difference negligible? thanks.

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• Tool to convert a file of HEX to ASCII character set?

  - by Aaron

  Question: Is there a known tool to convert a file consisting of 2 byte Hex into ascii? Note: - Maintain file offset listing in bytes Example: File contents: 00000000 0054 0065 0073 0074 0020 0054 0065 0073 00000008 0074 0020 0054 0065 0073 0074 0020 0054 00000016 0065 0073 0074 0020 0054 0065 0073 0074 00000024 0020 0054 0065 0073 0074 0020 0054 0065 00000032 0073 0074 0020 0054 0065 0073 0074 0020 00000040 0054 0065 0073 0074 000a 0054 0065 0073 00000048 0074 0020 0054 0065 0073 0074 0020 0054 00000056 0065 0073 0074 0020 0054 0065 0073 0074 00000064 0020 0054 0065 0073 0074 0020 0054 0065 Expected output 00000016 0065 0073 0074 0020 0054 0065 0073 0074 |est Test Test Te| 00000032 0073 0074 0020 0054 0065 0073 0074 0020 |st Test Test.Tes| 00000048 0074 0020 0054 0065 0073 0074 0020 0054 |t Test Test Test| 00000064 0020 0054 0065 0073 0074 0020 0054 0065 | Test Test Test |

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• How to repair unbootable Fedora install

  - by Cerin

  How do you repair/reinstall Fedora without deleting any existing partitions or data? I was attempting to upgrade some old Fedora 13 servers to 17, following the instructions in the wiki. After the 14-15 upgrade, rebooting resulted in the output: Dropping to debug shell. sh: can't access tty; job control turned off dracut:/# Running dmesg also shows: dracut Warning: No root device "block:/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root" found Googling shows this error is typically related to some weird RAID issues, but my server is a virtual machine not using any RAID. Using a rescue CD, I can chroot /mnt/sysimage, and all packages and data still seems to be there. How do I make the system bootable again?

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• Assign fixed IP address via DHCP by DNS lookup

  - by Janoszen

  Preface I'm building a virtualization environment with Ubuntu 14.04 and LXC. I don't want to write my own template since the upgrade from 12.04 to 14.04 has shown that backwards compatibility is not guaranteed. Therefore I'm deploying my virtual machines via lxc-create, using the default Ubuntu template. The DNS for the servers is provided by Amazon Route 53, so no local DNS server is needed. I also use Puppet to configure my servers, so I want to keep the manual effort on the deployment minimal. Now, the default Ubuntu template assigns IP addresses via DHCP. Therefore, I need a local DHCP server to assign IP addresses to the nodes, so I can SSH into them and get Puppet running. Since Puppet requires a proper DNS setup, assigning temporary IP addresses is not an option, the client needs to get the right hostname and IP address from the start. Question What DHCP server do I use and how do I get it to assign the IP address based only on the host-name DHCP option by performing a DNS lookup on that very host name? What I've tried I tried to make it work using the ISC DHCP server, however, the manual clearly states: Please be aware that only the dhcp-client-identifier option and the hardware address can be used to match a host declaration, or the host-identifier option parameter for DHCPv6 servers. For example, it is not possible to match a host declaration to a host-name option. This is because the host-name option cannot be guaranteed to be unique for any given client, whereas both the hardware address and dhcp-client-identifier option are at least theoretically guaranteed to be unique to a given client. I also tried to create a class that matches the hostname like this: class "my-client-name" { match if option host-name = "my-client-name"; fixed-address my-client-name.my-domain.com; } Unfortunately the fixed-address option is not allowed in class statements. I can replace it with a 1-size pool, which works as expected: subnet 10.103.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 { option routers 10.103.1.1; class "my-client-name" { match if option host-name = "my-client-name"; } pool { allow members of "my-client-name"; range 10.103.1.2 10.103.1.2; } } However, this would require me to administer the IP addresses in two places (Amazon Route53 and the DHCP server), which I would prefer not to do. About security Since this is only used in the bootstrapping phase on an internal network and is then replaced by a static network configuration by Puppet, this shouldn't be an issue from a security standpoint. I am, however, aware that the virtual machine bootstraps with "ubuntu:ubuntu" credentials, which I intend to fix once this is running.

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• Squid: how to block websites for a particular IP address?

  - by Kumar P

  How to block websites for particular IPs by squid? Please give solution with example or configuration file.

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• Forcedeth - too many iterations (6) in > nv_nic_irq

  - by RyanC

  Hey, I'm having trouble with an onboard nvidia gigabit network, under times of heavy load on the network, I'm seeing this error logged: "too many iterations (6) in nv_nic_irq" I'm running Hadoop DFS over these NICs and I see checksum errors build up until the whole thing just fails. I'm running the 2.6.26-2-amd64 kernel, and my initial research seems to imply its a problem with the forcedeth driver. Has anyone run into this problem before? Thanks in advance if anyone can help! Ryan

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• Read floppy from OpenVMS machine

  - by Goyuix

  I have a floppy I need to read the contents from - unfortunately it was formatted and the data written on an OpenVMS server. I believe the floppy is formatted "Files-11" and I can see parts of the MFT [equivalent] and file contents through a hex editor, however I would love to be able to mount this and actually read the files off. Is there a Files-11 FUSE module or other kernel module I can install to read this format? Any standalone utilities that can understand a floppy image taken with dd?

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• .desktop shortcuts aren't working for java applications in LXDE

  - by chaz

  I just installed minecraft on my LXDE desktop/Lubuntu machine and I'm trying to create a .desktop file on the desktop that executes java -jar ~/minecraftlauncher.jar. The command works in bash scripts and the terminal but refuses to work when I click on my .DESKTOP shortcut which is suppose to execute the same command. I've experimented with other jars and they can't seem to start too. Here is my xsession log: ** (pcmanfm:1572): DEBUG: launch command: <java -jar ~/Downloads/minecraft_server.jar> ** (pcmanfm:1572): DEBUG: sn_id = pcmanfm-1572-administrator-Dimension-3000-java-14_TIME14031891 Unable to access jarfile ~/Downloads/minecraft_server.jar ** (pcmanfm:1572): DEBUG: launch command: <java -jar ~/minecraftlauncher.jar> ** (pcmanfm:1572): DEBUG: sn_id = pcmanfm-1572-administrator-Dimension-3000-java-15_TIME14070158 Unable to access jarfile ~/minecraftlauncher.jar UPDATE: Whoops, it seems to work when I give an absolute path. I guess the home path is something else. UPDATE: I guess X doesn't resolve the home specifier. I ran a .desktop file that executed a script that outputs the current directory, and it seems to be correct.

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• Where to download unix command?

  - by person

  I tried to run mvdir earlier and it said command not found. I then ran a search for it and still not found. Is there a place I can download the script for the command, and is there any information I should know post-download to get it to work?

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• How can I sort du -h output by size

  - by Tom Feiner

  I need to get a list of human readable du output. However, du does not have a "sort by size" option, and piping to "sort" doesn't work with the human readable flag. For example, running: du | sort -n -r Outputs a sorted disk usage by size (descending): du |sort -n -r 65108 . 61508 ./dir3 2056 ./dir4 1032 ./dir1 508 ./dir2 However, running it with the human readable flag, does not sort properly: du -h | sort -n -r 508K ./dir2 64M . 61M ./dir3 2.1M ./dir4 1.1M ./dir1 Does anyone know of a way to sort du -h by size?

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• Configure host access rights in OpenLDAP

  - by Anonymous Coward

  I've set up an OpenLDAP-Server to authenticate users to our Ubuntu-servers. The authentication works quite well but I'd like to restict the user's access to certain servers. I know this can be done through nss_base_something in the client's ldap.conf. However, this requires the group restrictions to be specified on the client. I wonder if the restrictions can be set completely in OpenLDAP. If it is, I'd like to know how. Thanks, AC

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• How to tell if OpenGL is really working in Ubuntu 10.04

  - by Jonathan

  I have a lenovo S9e running Intel integrated graphics. Here is my lspci output related to the graphics: 00:02.1 Display controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 945GM/GMS/GME, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 03) Subsystem: Lenovo Device 3870 Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0 Memory at f0580000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=512K] Capabilities: [d0] Power Management version 2 I want to know how I can make sure OpenGL support is running in full on an Ubuntu 10.04 installation. I have a few hints to think that it is not: The "Desktop Effects" will not load Apps such as stardock, when attempting to use OpenGL rendering, will display black boxes instead of transparency In the games Pioneers, the number-tile icons are suspiciously just black circles Windows games running with Wine will only support software rendering, not hardware rendering When I boot into a Knoppix LiveCD, the desktop effects do work, splendidly, meaning compiz detects my computer as capable. My problem with troubleshooting is that Canonical has basically eliminated the conf-file-based mechanism of X11 as far as I can tell, thus making it even harder to ensure graphics modules are loading properly. How do I debug and test OpenGL on m Ubuntu 10.04 installation?

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• Understanding RedHats recommended tuned profiles

  - by espenfjo

  We are going to roll out tuned (and numad) on ~1000 servers, the majority of them being VMware servers either on NetApp or 3Par storage. According to RedHats documentation we should choose the virtual-guestprofile. What it is doing can be seen here: tuned.conf We are changing the IO scheduler to NOOP as both VMware and the NetApp/3Par should do sufficient scheduling for us. However, after investigating a bit I am not sure why they are increasing vm.dirty_ratio and kernel.sched_min_granularity_ns. As far as I have understood increasing increasing vm.dirty_ratio to 40% will mean that for a server with 20GB ram, 8GB can be dirty at any given time unless vm.dirty_writeback_centisecsis hit first. And while flushing these 8GB all IO for the application will be blocked until the dirty pages are freed. Increasing the dirty_ratio would probably mean higher write performance at peaks as we now have a larger cache, but then again when the cache fills IO will be blocked for a considerably longer time (Several seconds). The other is why they are increasing the sched_min_granularity_ns. If I understand it correctly increasing this value will decrease the number of time slices per epoch(sched_latency_ns) meaning that running tasks will get more time to finish their work. I can understand this being a very good thing for applications with very few threads, but for eg. apache or other processes with a lot of threads would this not be counter-productive?

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• Ubuntu list of packages installed

  - by becomingGuru

  I am moving to a new laptop with Ubuntu Lucid from an old laptop that has Ubuntu Karmic. I want to look at the list of all the packages and selectively install them all on the new laptop. What is the best method to go about it. Thanks in advance.

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• Can't access individual samba shares

  - by Richard Maddis

  I've just installed CentOS and I'm configuring Samba. I have a share with the following in the smb.conf file: [storage] comment = Main storage for all use path = /share public = yes browseable = yes writable = yes printable = no write list = bob root create mask = 0775 guest ok = yes available = yes In Windows Explorer, I can reach the page listing all the shares on the server, but I click on the shares themselves, I get an error saying that the folder cannot be found. I have verified that the folder /share exists and I've also given it 777 permissions so it cannot be due to permissions. What is causing this? I can post more config files if necessary.

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• Why do I get "Permission denied (publickey)" when trying to SSH from local Ubuntu to a Amazon EC2 se

  - by Vorleak Chy

  I have an instance of an application running in the cloud on Amazon EC2 instance, and I need to connect it from my local Ubuntu. It works fine on one of local ubuntu and also laptop. I got message "Permission denied (publickey)" when trying to access SSH to EC2 on another local Ubuntu. It's so strange to me. I'm thinking some sort of problems with security settings on the Amazon EC2 which has limited IPs access to one instance or certificate may need to regenerate. Does anyone know a solution?

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• What is wrong with my expect script?

  - by Bryan

  I'm trying to learn how to use the expect command, to help me automate deployment of some software via shell scripts, and figured I start with something simple to get me started. I've created a file in my home dir called 'foo' using: touch foo And I've created the following script saved as test.exp #!/usr/bin/expect spawn rm -i foo expect "rm: remove regular empty file `foo'?" send "y\r" When I run the script using ./test.exp, it spawns the rm command, but it doesn't appear to send the Y and carriage return. I know I don't have a typo in the expect string, as I've used copy and paste to put in the script. What am I doing wrong?

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• How can I flush my ssh keys on power management activity?

  - by Sam Halicke

  Hi all, Using ssh-agent and private keys per the usual. Everything's working as normal. My question regards best practices on flushing keys from ssh-add on activity like sleep, suspend, hibernate, etc. I thought about writing a simple wrapper around those commands, but then wondered if are they even called? Or does the kernel initiate this activity directly? Are the PM utilities strictly userland? I would like this additional layer of security beyond locking my screen, etc. and was wondering if anyone else had solved this elegantly or has best practices to recommend. Thanks.

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• SCP command Clarification

  - by david.colais

  I'm using the scp commands to pull some files from the remote server and one variation of the command is not working. I have 2 files names one.xml and two.xml in a remote server and I'm pulling these two files into the current dir using the following command: scp [email protected]:/student/class/Intermediate/one.xml . scp [email protected]:/student/class/Intermediate/two.xml . The above command works fine but if I use wildcards to pull all the xml files in a single shot as shown below it returns scp: No match. scp [email protected]:/student/class/Intermediate/*.xml . Why is it working if I pull the files individually and not working if I try to pull using wildcards.

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• Deleting another user's diretories from my own

  - by kwatford

  I am a non-root user, and have made a directory into which other users in my group can write. The directory is setgid, so files and directories within it have the same group. I can delete files placed into this directory, but if a user creates a subdirectory with files in it, I can't seem to delete those. Is there something special I can do (other than, say, bothering the user in question or the sysadmin about it) to get rid of this subdirectory?

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