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• Custom Django tag & jQuery

  - by pocoa

  I'm new to Django. Today I created some Django custom tags which is not that hard. But now I wonder what is the best way to include some jQuery or some Javascript code packed into my custom tag definition. What is the regular way to include a custom library into my code? For example: {% faceboxify item %} So assume that it'll create a specific HTML output for Facebox plugin. I just want to learn some elegant way to import this plugin into my code. I want the above definition to be enough for all functionality. Is there any way to do it? I couldn't find any example. Maybe I'm missing something.. Thank you.

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• How do I use a string as a keyword argument?

  - by Issac Kelly

  Specifically, I'm trying to use a string to arbitrairly filter the ORM. I've tried exec and eval solutions, but I'm running into walls. The code below doesn't work, but it's the best way I know how to explain where I'm trying to go from gblocks.models import Image f = 'image__endswith="jpg"' # Would be scripted in another area, but passed as text <user input> d = Image.objects.filter(f) #for the non-django pythonistas: d = Image.objects.filter(image__endswith="jpg") # would be the non-dynamic equivalent.

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• how to show the right word in my code, my code is : os.urandom(64)

  - by zjm1126

  My code is: print os.urandom(64) which outputs: > "D:\Python25\pythonw.exe" "D:\zjm_code\a.py" \xd0\xc8=<\xdbD' \xdf\xf0\xb3>\xfc\xf2\x99\x93 =S\xb2\xcd'\xdbD\x8d\xd0\\xbc{&YkD[\xdd\x8b\xbd\x82\x9e\xad\xd5\x90\x90\xdcD9\xbf9.\xeb\x9b>\xef#n\x84 which isn't readable, so I tried this: print os.urandom(64).decode("utf-8") but then I get: > "D:\Python25\pythonw.exe" "D:\zjm_code\a.py" Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\zjm_code\a.py", line 17, in <module> print os.urandom(64).decode("utf-8") File "D:\Python25\lib\encodings\utf_8.py", line 16, in decode return codecs.utf_8_decode(input, errors, True) UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf8' codec can't decode bytes in position 0-3: invalid data What should I do to get human-readable output?

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• Where do I put common code for if and elif?

  - by Vishal

  For the example below: if a == 100: # Five lines of code elif a == 200: # Five lines of code Five lines of code is common and repeating how can I avoid it? I know about putting it a function or if a == 100 or a == 200: # Five lines of code if a == 100: # Do something elif a == 200: # Do something Any other cleaner solution?

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• Django admin page dropdowns

  - by zen

  I am building a high school team application using Django. Here is my working models file: class Directory(models.Model): school = models.CharField(max_length=60) website = models.URLField() district = models.SmallIntegerField() conference = models.ForeignKey(Conference) class Conference(models.Model): conference_name = models.CharField(max_length=50) url = models.URLField() class Meta: ordering = ['conference_name'] When I open my admin pages and go to edit a school's conference the drop down looks like this: <select> <option value="1">Conference Object</option> <option value="2">Conference Object</option> <select> How do I replace "Conference Object" with the conference_name?

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• Which class should store the lookup table?

  - by max

  The world contains agents at different locations, with only a single agent at any location. Each agent knows where he's at, but I also need to quickly check if there's an agent at a given location. Hence, I also maintain a map from locations to agents. I have a problem deciding where this map belongs to: class World, class Agent (as a class attribute) or elsewhere. In the following I put the lookup table, agent_locations, in class World. But now agents have to call world.update_agent_location every time they move. This is very annoying; what if I decide later to track other things about the agents, apart from their locations - would I need to add calls back to the world object all across the Agent code? class World: def __init__(self, n_agents): # ... self.agents = {} self.agent_locations = {} for id in range(n_agents): x, y = self.find_location() agent = Agent(self,x,y) self.agents.append(agent) self.agent_locations[x,y] = agent def update_agent_location(self, agent, x, y): del self.agent_locations[agent.x, agent.y] self.agent_locations[x, y] = agent def update(self): # next step in the simulation for agent in self.agents: agent.update() # next step for this agent # ... class Agent: def __init__(self, world, x, y): self.world = world self.x, self.y = x, y def move(self, x1, y1): self.world.update_agent_location(self, x1, y1) self.x, self.y = x1, y1 def update(): # find a good location that is not occupied and move there for x, y in self.valid_locations(): if not self.location_is_good(x, y): continue if self.world.agent_locations[x, y]: # location occupied continue self.move(x, y) I can instead put agent_locations in class Agent as a class attribute. But that only works when I have a single World object. If I later decide to instantiate multiple World objects, the lookup tables would need to be world-specific. I am sure there's a better solution... EDIT: I added a few lines to the code to show how agent_locations is used. Note that it's only used from inside Agent objects, but I don't know if that would remain the case forever.

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• How can I load an MP3 or similar music file for display and analysis in wxWidgets?

  - by Jon Cage

  I'm developing a GUI in wxPython which allows a user to generate sequences of colours for some toys I'm building. Part of the program needs to load an MP3 (and potentially other formats further down the line) and display it to the user. That should be sufficient to get started but later I'd like to add features like identifying beats and some crude frequency analysis. Is there any simple way of loading / understanding an MP3's contents to display a plot of its amplitudes to the screen using wxWidgets? I later intend to port to C++/wxWidgets for speed and to avoid having to distribute wxPython.

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• Optimization of Function with Dictionary and Zip()

  - by eWizardII

  Hello, I have the following function: def filetxt(): word_freq = {} lvl1 = [] lvl2 = [] total_t = 0 users = 0 text = [] for l in range(0,500): # Open File if os.path.exists("C:/Twitter/json/user_" + str(l) + ".json") == True: with open("C:/Twitter/json/user_" + str(l) + ".json", "r") as f: text_f = json.load(f) users = users + 1 for i in range(len(text_f)): text.append(text_f[str(i)]['text']) total_t = total_t + 1 else: pass # Filter occ = 0 import string for i in range(len(text)): s = text[i] # Sample string a = re.findall(r'(RT)',s) b = re.findall(r'(@)',s) occ = len(a) + len(b) + occ s = s.encode('utf-8') out = s.translate(string.maketrans("",""), string.punctuation) # Create Wordlist/Dictionary word_list = text[i].lower().split(None) for word in word_list: word_freq[word] = word_freq.get(word, 0) + 1 keys = word_freq.keys() numbo = range(1,len(keys)+1) WList = ', '.join(keys) NList = str(numbo).strip('[]') WList = WList.split(", ") NList = NList.split(", ") W2N = dict(zip(WList, NList)) for k in range (0,len(word_list)): word_list[k] = W2N[word_list[k]] for i in range (0,len(word_list)-1): lvl1.append(word_list[i]) lvl2.append(word_list[i+1]) I have used the profiler to find that it seems the greatest CPU time is spent on the zip() function and the join and split parts of the code, I'm looking to see if there is any way I have overlooked that I could potentially clean up the code to make it more optimized, since the greatest lag seems to be in how I am working with the dictionaries and the zip() function. Any help would be appreciated thanks!

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• More than one profile in Django?

  - by JPC

  Is it possible to use Django's user authentication features with more than one profile? Currently I have a settings.py file that has this in it: AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE = 'auth.UserProfileA' and a models.py file that has this in it: from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import User class UserProfileA(models.Model): company = models.CharField(max_length=30) user = models.ForeignKey(User, unique=True) that way, if a user logs in, I can easily get the profile because the User has a get_profile() method. However, I would like to add UserProfileB. From looking around a bit, it seems that the starting point is to create a superclass to use as the AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE and have both UserProfileA and UserProfileB inherit from that superclass. The problem is, I don't think the get_profile() method returns the correct profile. It would return an instance of the superclass. I come from a java background (polymorphism) so I'm not sure exactly what I should be doing. Thanks!

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• ndarray field names for both row and column?

  - by Graham Mitchell

  I'm a computer science teacher trying to create a little gradebook for myself using NumPy. But I think it would make my code easier to write if I could create an ndarray that uses field names for both the rows and columns. Here's what I've got so far: import numpy as np num_stud = 23 num_assign = 2 grades = np.zeros(num_stud, dtype=[('assign 1','i2'), ('assign 2','i2')]) #etc gv = grades.view(dtype='i2').reshape(num_stud,num_assign) So, if my first student gets a 97 on 'assign 1', I can write either of: grades[0]['assign 1'] = 97 gv[0][0] = 97 Also, I can do the following: np.mean( grades['assign 1'] ) # class average for assignment 1 np.sum( gv[0] ) # total points for student 1 This all works. But what I can't figure out how to do is use a student id number to refer to a particular student (assume that two of my students have student ids as shown): grades['123456']['assign 2'] = 95 grades['314159']['assign 2'] = 83 ...or maybe create a second view with the different field names? np.sum( gview2['314159'] ) # total points for the student with the given id I know that I could create a dict mapping student ids to indices, but that seems fragile and crufty, and I'm hoping there's a better way than: id2i = { '123456': 0, '314159': 1 } np.sum( gv[ id2i['314159'] ] ) I'm also willing to re-architect things if there's a cleaner design. I'm new to NumPy, and I haven't written much code yet, so starting over isn't out of the question if I'm Doing It Wrong. I am going to be needing to sum all the assignment points for over a hundred students once a day, as well as run standard deviations and other stats. Plus, I'll be waiting on the results, so I'd like it to run in only a couple of seconds. Thanks in advance for any suggestions.

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• php equivalent to jython?

  - by fayer

  hi i wonder if there is a php equivalent to jython so you can use java classes with php? thanks

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• Suggestions for a django db structure

  - by rh0dium

  Hi Say I have the unknown number of questions. For example: Is the sky blue [y/n] What date were your born on [date] What is pi [3.14] What is a large integ [100] Now each of these questions poses a different but very type specific answer (boolean, date, float, int). Natively django can happily deal with these in a model. class SkyModel(models.Model): question = models.CharField("Is the sky blue") answer = models.BooleanField(default=False) class BirthModel(models.Model): question = models.CharField("What date were your born on") answer = models.DateTimeField(default=today) class PiModel(models.Model) question = models.CharField("What is pi") answer = models.FloatField() But this has the obvious problem in that each question has a specific model - so if we need to add a question later I have to change the database. Yuck. So now I want to get fancy - How do a set up a model where by the answer type conversion happens automagically? ANSWER_TYPES = ( ('boolean', 'boolean'), ('date', 'date'), ('float', 'float'), ('int', 'int'), ('char', 'char'), ) class Questions(models.model): question = models.CharField(() answer = models.CharField() answer_type = models.CharField(choices = ANSWER_TYPES) default = models.CharField() So in theory this would do the following: When I build up my views I look at the type of answer and ensure that I only put in that value. But when I want to pull that answer back out it will return the data in the format specified by the answer_type. Example 3.14 comes back out as a float not as a str. How can I perform this sort of automagic transformation? Or can someone suggest a better way to do this? Thanks much!!

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• Image upload and Manipulation in Django

  - by Saransh Mohapatra

  I am trying upload images and than create an thumbnail of it and than store both in S3. After the file has been uploaded i am first uploading it to S3 and than trying to create thumbnail but it doesn't work as than PIL is not able to recognise the image. And secondly if I create the thumbnail first than while uploading original image I get EOF. I think Django allows just once for the uploaded files to be used only once....Please kindly tell me a way to do so....Thanks in advance

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• what is useful of os.environ in google-app-engine , why google use os.environ so many times.

  - by zjm1126

  why google use so many os.environ .. thanks

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• Google App Engine: TypeError problem with Models

  - by Rosarch

  I'm running Google App Engine on the dev server. Here is my models file: from google.appengine.ext import db import pickle import re re_dept_code = re.compile(r'[A-Z]{2,}') re_course_number = re.compile(r'[0-9]{4}') class DependencyArcHead(db.Model): sink = db.ReferenceProperty() tails = db.ListProperty() class DependencyArcTail(db.Model): courses = db.ListProperty() It gives this error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 3192, in _HandleRequest self._Dispatch(dispatcher, self.rfile, outfile, env_dict) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 3135, in _Dispatch base_env_dict=env_dict) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 516, in Dispatch base_env_dict=base_env_dict) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 2394, in Dispatch self._module_dict) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 2304, in ExecuteCGI reset_modules = exec_script(handler_path, cgi_path, hook) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 2200, in ExecuteOrImportScript exec module_code in script_module.__dict__ File "main.py", line 19, in <module> from src.Models import Course, findCourse, validateCourse, dictForJSON, clearAndBuildDependencyGraph File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1279, in Decorate return func(self, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1929, in load_module return self.FindAndLoadModule(submodule, fullname, search_path) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1279, in Decorate return func(self, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1831, in FindAndLoadModule description) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1279, in Decorate return func(self, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1782, in LoadModuleRestricted description) File "src\Models.py", line 14, in <module> class DependencyArcHead(db.Model): File "src\Models.py", line 17, in DependencyArcHead tails = db.ListProperty() TypeError: __init__() takes at least 2 arguments (1 given) What am I doing wrong?

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• Rewriting Live TCP/IP (Layer 4) (i.e. Socket Layer) Streams

  - by user213060

  I have a simple problem which I'm sure someone here has done before... I want to rewrite Layer 4 TCP/IP streams (Not lower layer individual packets or frames.) Ettercap's etterfilter command lets you perform simple live replacements of Layer 4 TCP/IP streams based on fixed strings or regexes. Example ettercap scripting code: if (ip.proto == TCP && tcp.dst == 80) { if (search(DATA.data, "gzip")) { replace("gzip", " "); msg("whited out gzip\n"); } } if (ip.proto == TCP && tcp.dst == 80) { if (search(DATA.data, "deflate")) { replace("deflate", " "); msg("whited out deflate\n"); } } http://ettercap.sourceforge.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2833 I would like to rewrite streams based on my own filter program instead of just simple string replacements. Anyone have an idea of how to do this? Is there anything other than Ettercap that can do live replacement like this, maybe as a plugin to a VPN software or something? I would like to have a configuration similar to ettercap's silent bridged sniffing configuration between two Ethernet interfaces. This way I can silently filter traffic coming from either direction with no NATing problems. Note that my filter is an application that acts as a pipe filter, similar to the design of unix command-line filters: >[eth0] <----------> [my filter] <----------> [eth1]< What I am already aware of, but are not suitable: Tun/Tap - Works at the lower packet layer, I need to work with the higher layer streams. Ettercap - I can't find any way to do replacements other than the restricted capabilities in the example above. Hooking into some VPN software? - I just can't figure out which or exactly how. libnetfilter_queue - Works with lower layer packets, not TCP/IP streams. Again, the rewriting should occur at the transport layer (Layer 4) as it does in this example, instead of a lower layer packet-based approach. Exact code will help immensely! Thanks!

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• Diminishing programmer wants to get back to programming

  - by Marcus TV

  I last programmed actively in 2002. It is almost 8 years now. I learned C and then moved to Visual Basic for our thesis project in the university. I would like to ask suggestions on what programming language should I learn and put to profitability use in areas such as desktop applications, web development, and database applications.

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• NZEC Run time Error Occured

  - by madan

  import math def gen_caller(a): for z in a: x,y=z if x==1: x=2 if y>=x and y-x<=100000: for i in range(x,y+1): flag=0 for j in range(2,(long(math.sqrt(i))+1)): if(i%j==0): flag=1 break if flag==0: print i print "" n=(int(raw_input())) gen_caller([[(long(raw_input())) for j in range(0,2)] for i in range(0,n) if n<=10])

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• Dynamically create class attributes

  - by ahojnnes

  Hi, I need to dynamically create class attributes from a DEFAULTS dictionary. defaults = { 'default_value1':True, 'default_value2':True, 'default_value3':True, } class Settings(object): default_value1 = some_complex_init_function(defaults[default_value1], ...) default_value2 = some_complex_init_function(defaults[default_value2], ...) default_value3 = some_complex_init_function(defaults[default_value3], ...) I could also achive this by having sth. like __init__ for class creation, in order to dynamically create these attributes from dictionary and save a lot of code and stupid work. How would you do this? Thank you very much in advance!

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• Numpy array, how to select indices satisfying multiple conditions?

  - by Bob

  Suppose I have a numpy array x = [5, 2, 3, 1, 4, 5], y = ['f', 'o', 'o', 'b', 'a', 'r']. I want to select the elements in y corresponding to elements in x that are greater than 1 and less than 5. I tried x = array([5, 2, 3, 1, 4, 5]) y = array(['f','o','o','b','a','r']) output = y[x > 1 & x < 5] # desired output is ['o','o','b','a'] but this doesn't work. How would I do this?

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• Mean of Sampleset and powered Sampleset

  - by Milla Well

  I am working on an ICA implementation wich is based on the assumption, that all source signals are independent. So I checked on the basic concepts of Dependence vs. Correlation and tried to show this example on sample data from numpy import * from numpy.random import * k = 1000 s = 10000 mn = 0 mnPow = 0 for i in arange(1,k): a = randn(s) a = a-mean(a) mn = mn + mean(a) mnPow = mnPow + mean(a**3) print "Mean X: ", mn/k print "Mean X^3: ", mnPow/k But I couldn't produce the last step of this example E(X^3) = 0: >> Mean X: -1.11174580826e-18 >> Mean X^3: -0.00125229267144 First value I would consider to be zero, but second value is too large, isn't it? Since I subtract the mean of a, I expected the mean of a^3 to be zero as well. Does the problem lie in the random number generator, the precision of the numerical values in my misunderstanding of the concepts of mean and expected value?

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• Alternative pygame resources

  - by Devo

  Hi, I have been trying to access the pygame website for a few weeks now, and I can't get to it. I doubt it's down, so I have to conclude that it's blocked because I am in China. I have no idea why. Anyways, I want the pygame documentation, but all the download links I fond lead back to pygame.org (which I does not even begin loading, it's such a politically subversive website you know!). Can anyone tell me where I can get documentation and other pygame resources without going through pygame.org? I would really appreciate it, thanks. PS I am on windows XP, if it matters.

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• SQLAlchemy Mapping problem

  - by asdvalkn

  Dear Everyone, I am trying to sqlalchemy to correctly map my data. Note that a unified group is basically a group of groups. (One unifiedGroup maps to many groups but each group can only map to one ug). So basically this is the definition of my unifiedGroups: CREATE TABLE `unifiedGroups` ( `ugID` INT AUTO_INCREMENT, `gID` INT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY(`ugID`, `gID`), KEY( `gID`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ; Note that each row is a ugID, gID tuple. ( I do not know before hand how many gID is per ugID so this is probably the most sensible and simplest method). Definition for my UnifiedGroup class class UnifiedGroup(object): """UnifiedProduct behaves very much like a group """ def __init__(self, ugID): self.ugID=ugID #Added by mapping self.groups=False def __str__(self): return '<%s:%s>' % (self.ugID, ','.join( [g for g in self.groups])) These are my mapping tables: tb_groupsInfo = Table( 'groupsInfo', metadata, Column('gID', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('gName', String(128)), ) tb_unifiedGroups = Table( 'unifiedGroups', metadata, Column('ugID', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('gID', Integer, ForeignKey('groupsInfo.gID')), ) My mapper maps in the following manner: mapper( UnifiedGroup, tb_unifiedGroups, properties={ 'groups': relation( Group, backref='unifiedGroup') }) However, when I tried to do groupInstance.unifiedGroup, I am getting an empty list [], while groupInstance.unifiedGroup.groups returns me an error: AttributeError: 'InstrumentedList' object has no attribute 'groups' Traceback (most recent call last): File "Mapping.py", line 119, in <module> print p.group.unifiedGroup.groups AttributeError: 'InstrumentedList' object has no attribute 'groups' What is wrong?

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• more efficient way to pickle a string

  - by gatoatigrado

  The pickle module seems to use string escape characters when pickling; this becomes inefficient e.g. on numpy arrays. Consider the following z = numpy.zeros(1000, numpy.uint8) len(z.dumps()) len(cPickle.dumps(z.dumps())) The lengths are 1133 characters and 4249 characters respectively. z.dumps() reveals something like "\x00\x00" (actual zeros in string), but pickle seems to be using the string's repr() function, yielding "'\x00\x00'" (zeros being ascii zeros). i.e. ("0" in z.dumps() == False) and ("0" in cPickle.dumps(z.dumps()) == True)

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• How can I configure different worker pools using celery?

  - by Chris R

  I need to deploy a queued execution service with (generally) the following three classes of worker: A periodic, low-priority job class that takes a long time and can be processed serially; these jobs should only use 0..2 workers in the system at most. A periodic, deadline-sensitive job class that take a short to medium amount of time (say, topping out at 5 minutes) An ad-hoc job class, that is higher priority than #1, but can interleave with #2. Any workers from class #2 that are inactive when this type of job comes in should handle it, without ever starving the pool of workers for #2 All three job classes are the same task, the only difference between them is how they're requested; they'll take the same input and generate the same output, but each one has different performance guarantees. How can I implement this using celery?

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