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  • How do I specify a null relation in SQLAlchemy?

    - by Jesse
    Not sure what the correct title for this question should be. I have the following schema: Matters have a one-many relationship to WorkItems. WorkItems have a one-one (or one-zero) relationship to LineItems. I am trying to create the following relation between Matters and WorkItems Matter.unbilled_work_items = orm.relation(WorkItem, primaryjoin = (Matter.id == WorkItem.matter_id) and (WorkItem.line_item_id == None), foreign_keys = [WorkItem.matter_id, WorkItem.line_item_id], viewonly=True ) This throws: AttributeError: '_Null' object has no attribute 'table' That seems to be saying that the second clause in the primaryjoin returns an object of type _Null, but it seems to be expecting something with a "table" attribute. This seems like it should be pretty straightforward to me, am I missing something obvious?

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  • Saving a Django form with a Many2Many field with through table

    - by PhilGo20
    So I have this model with multiple Many2Many relationship. 2 of those (EventCategorizing and EventLocation are through tables/intermediary models) class Event(models.Model): """ Event information for Way-finding and Navigator application""" categories = models.ManyToManyField('EventCategorizing', null=True, blank=True, help_text="categories associated with the location") #categories associated with the location images = models.ManyToManyField(KMSImageP, null=True, blank=True) #images related to the event creator = models.ForeignKey(User, verbose_name=_('creator'), related_name="%(class)s_created") locations = models.ManyToManyField('EventLocation', null=True, blank=True) In my view, I first need to save the creator as the request user, so I use the commit=False parameter to get the form values. if event_form.is_valid(): event = event_form.save(commit=False) #we save the request user as the creator event.creator = request.user event.save() event = event_form.save_m2m() event.save() I get the following error: *** TypeError: 'EventCategorizing' instance expected I can manually add the M2M relationship to my "event" instance, but I am sure there is a simpler way. Am I missing on something ?

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  • to overcome type error?

    - by kaushik
    i have a file of this format: 3.334 1 2.345 1 1.453 1 3.343 1 and so on but in middle at times in file there are few number which are not in float format and i receive type msg when i run them performation some operation.. I want to give a condition that: if(not in float format): continue else: perform operation please tell me how to put the condtion

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  • UnicodeDecodeError when redirecting to file

    - by zedoo
    Hi, I run this snippet twice, in the ubuntu terminal, (encoding set to utf-8) once with ./test.py and then with ./test.py >out.txt: uni = u"\u001A\u0BC3\u1451\U0001D10C" print uni Without redirection it prints garbage. With redirection I get a UnicodeDecodeError. Can someone explain why I get the error only in the second case, or even better give a detailed explanation of what's going on behind the curtain in both cases?

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  • arbitrary vire connection / search and replace

    - by fatai
    input :["vire_connection",[1, 2, [ 3, [ 4, "connect"]]], ["connect", [3 , 5] ] ] output:["vire_connection",[ 1, 2, [ 3, [ 4, [ 3, 5 ] ] ] ] ], [ [ 3 , 5] ] ] after connection ( simply copying [3,5] to other wanted position ) , remove connect word input :["vire_connection", [ [ [ ["connect", [ 3, 4 ] ] ] ] ], [ 2, "connect"]] output :["vire_connection",[[[[[3,4]]]]], [ 2, [ 3 , 4 ]]] after connection ( simply copying [3,4] to other wanted position ) , remove connect word how can I do ?

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  • Passing parameter to base class constructor or using instance variable?

    - by deamon
    All classes derived from a certain base class have to define an attribute called "path". In the sense of duck typing I could rely upon definition in the subclasses: class Base: pass # no "path" variable here def Sub(Base): def __init__(self): self.path = "something/" Another possiblity would be to use the base class constructor: class Base: def __init__(self, path): self.path = path def Sub(Base): def __init__(self): super().__init__("something/") What would you prefer and why? Is there a better way?

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  • Referencing other modules in atexit

    - by Dmitry Risenberg
    I have a function that is responsible for killing a child process when the program ends: class MySingleton: def __init__(self): import atexit atexit.register(self.stop) def stop(self): os.kill(self.sel_server_pid, signal.SIGTERM) However I get an error message when this function is called: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.5/atexit.py", line 24, in _run_exitfuncs func(*targs, **kargs) File "/home/commando/Development/Diploma/streaminatr/stream/selenium_tests.py", line 66, in stop os.kill(self.sel_server_pid, signal.SIGTERM) AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'kill' Looks like the os and signal modules get unloaded before atexit is called. Re-importing them solves the problem, but this behaviour seems weird to me - these modules are imported before I register my handler, so why are they unloaded before my own exit handler runs?

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  • Which style of return is "better" for a method that might return None?

    - by Daenyth
    I have a method that will either return an object or None if the lookup fails. Which style of the following is better? def get_foo(needle): haystack = object_dict() if needle not in haystack: return None return haystack[needle] or, def get_foo(needle): haystack = object_dict() try: return haystack[needle] except KeyError: # Needle not found return None I'm undecided as to which is more more desirable myself. Another choice would be return haystack[needle] if needle in haystack else None, but I'm not sure that's any better.

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  • Qt: How to autoexpand parents of a new QTreeView item when using a QSortFilterProxyModel

    - by taynaron
    I'm making an app wherein the user can add new data to a QTreeModel at any time. The parent under which it gets placed is automatically expanded to show the new item: self.tree = DiceModel(headers) self.treeView.setModel(self.tree) expand_node = self.tree.addRoll() #addRoll makes a node, adds it, and returns the (parent) note to be expanded self.treeView.expand(expand_node) This works as desired. If I add a QSortFilterProxyModel to the mix: self.tree = DiceModel(headers) self.sort = DiceSort(self.tree) self.treeView.setModel(self.sort) expand_node = self.tree.addRoll() #addRoll makes a node, adds it, and returns the (parent) note to be expanded self.treeView.expand(expand_node) the parent no longer expands. Any idea what I am doing wrong?

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  • What is the difference between type.__getattribute__ and object.__getattribute__?

    - by Neil G
    Given: In [37]: class A: ....: f = 1 ....: In [38]: class B(A): ....: pass ....: In [39]: getattr(B, 'f') Out[39]: 1 Okay, that either calls super or crawls the mro? In [40]: getattr(A, 'f') Out[40]: 1 This is expected. In [41]: object.__getattribute__(A, 'f') Out[41]: 1 In [42]: object.__getattribute__(B, 'f') --------------------------------------------------------------------------- AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-42-de76df798d1d> in <module>() ----> 1 object.__getattribute__(B, 'f') AttributeError: 'type' object has no attribute 'f' What is getattribute not doing that getattr does? In [43]: type.__getattribute__(B, 'f') Out[43]: 1 What?! type.__getattribute__ calls super but object's version doesn't? In [44]: type.__getattribute__(A, 'f') Out[44]: 1

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  • Loading datasets from datastore and merge into single dictionary. Resource problem.

    - by fredrik
    Hi, I have a productdatabase that contains products, parts and labels for each part based on langcodes. The problem I'm having and haven't got around is a huge amount of resource used to get the different datasets and merging them into a dict to suit my needs. The products in the database are based on a number of parts that is of a certain type (ie. color, size). And each part has a label for each language. I created 4 different models for this. Products, ProductParts, ProductPartTypes and ProductPartLabels. I've narrowed it down to about 10 lines of code that seams to generate the problem. As of currently I have 3 Products, 3 Types, 3 parts for each type, and 2 languages. And the request takes a wooping 5500ms to generate. for product in productData: productDict = {} typeDict = {} productDict['productName'] = product.name cache_key = 'productparts_%s' % (slugify(product.key())) partData = memcache.get(cache_key) if not partData: for type in typeData: typeDict[type.typeId] = { 'default' : '', 'optional' : [] } ## Start of problem lines ## for defaultPart in product.defaultPartsData: for label in labelsForLangCode: if label.key() in defaultPart.partLabelList: typeDict[defaultPart.type.typeId]['default'] = label.partLangLabel for optionalPart in product.optionalPartsData: for label in labelsForLangCode: if label.key() in optionalPart.partLabelList: typeDict[optionalPart.type.typeId]['optional'].append(label.partLangLabel) ## end problem lines ## memcache.add(cache_key, typeDict, 500) partData = memcache.get(cache_key) productDict['parts'] = partData productList.append(productDict) I guess the problem lies in the number of for loops is too many and have to iterate over the same data over and over again. labelForLangCode get all labels from ProductPartLabels that match the current langCode. All parts for a product is stored in a db.ListProperty(db.key). The same goes for all labels for a part. The reason I need the some what complex dict is that I want to display all data for a product with it's default parts and show a selector for the optional one. The defaultPartsData and optionaPartsData are properties in the Product Model that looks like this: @property def defaultPartsData(self): return ProductParts.gql('WHERE __key__ IN :key', key = self.defaultParts) @property def optionalPartsData(self): return ProductParts.gql('WHERE __key__ IN :key', key = self.optionalParts) When the completed dict is in the memcache it works smoothly, but isn't the memcache reset if the application goes in to hibernation? Also I would like to show the page for first time user(memcache empty) with out the enormous delay. Also as I said above, this is only a small amount of parts/product. What will the result be when it's 30 products with 100 parts. Is one solution to create a scheduled task to cache it in the memcache every hour? It this efficient? I know this is alot to take in, but I'm stuck. I've been at this for about 12 hours straight. And can't figure out a solution. ..fredrik

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  • Named keywords in decorators?

    - by wheaties
    I've been playing around in depth with attempting to write my own version of a memoizing decorator before I go looking at other people's code. It's more of an exercise in fun, honestly. However, in the course of playing around I've found I can't do something I want with decorators. def addValue( func, val ): def add( x ): return func( x ) + val return add @addValue( val=4 ) def computeSomething( x ): #function gets defined If I want to do that I have to do this: def addTwo( func ): return addValue( func, 2 ) @addTwo def computeSomething( x ): #function gets defined Why can't I use keyword arguments with decorators in this manner? What am I doing wrong and can you show me how I should be doing it?

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  • What are the common patterns in web programming?

    - by lankerisms
    I have been trying to write my first big web app (more than one cgi file) and as I kept moving forward with the rough prototype, paralelly trying to predict more tasks, this is the todo that got accumulated (In no particular order). * Validations and input sanitizations * Object versioning (to avoid edit conflicts. I dont want hard locks) * Exception handling * memcache * xss and injection protections * javascript * html * ACLs * phonetics in search, match and find duplicates (for form validation) * Ajaxify!!! (I have snipped off the project specific items.) I know that each todo will be quite tied up to its project and technologies used. What I am wondering though, is if there is a pattern in your todo items as well as the sequence in which you experienced guys have come across them.

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  • Send Special Keys to Gtk.VteTerminal

    - by Ubersoldat
    Hi I have this OSS Project called Monocaffe connections manager which uses the Gtk.VteTerminal widget from PyGTK. A nice feature is that it allows the users to send commands to different servers' consoles (cluster mode) using a Gtk.TextView for the input. The way I send key strokes to each Gtk.VteTerminal is by using the feed_child method. For common keys there's no problem: I simply feed what the TextView receives to all the terminals, but when doing so with special keys I get into a little trouble. For "Return" I catch the event and feed the terminal a '\n'. For back-space is the same, catch the event and feed a '\b'. def cluster_backspace(self, widget): return self.cluster_send_key('\b') The problem comes with other keys like Tab, Arrows, Esc which I don't know how to feed as str to the terminal to recognize them. In the case of Esc is a real pain, because the users can edit the same file on different servers using vi, but cannot escape insert mode. Anyway, I'm not looking for a complete solution, just ideas since I've ran out of them. Thanks.

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  • Django, url tag in template doesn't work: NoReverseMatch

    - by Lukasz Jocz
    I've encountered a problem with generating reverse url in templates in django. I'm trying to solve it since a few hours and I have no idea what the problem might be. URL reversing works great in models and views: # like this in models.py @models.permalink def get_absolute_url(self): return ('entry', (), { 'entry_id': self.entry.id, }) # or this in views.py return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('entry',args=(entry_id,))) but when I'm trying to make it in template I get such an error: NoReverseMatch at /entry/1/ Reverse for ''add_comment'' with arguments '(1L,)' and keyword arguments '{}' not found. My file structure looks like this: project/ +-- frontend ¦   +-- models.py ¦   +-- urls.py ¦   +-- views.py +-- settings.py +-- templates ¦   +-- add_comment.html ¦   +-- entry.html +-- utils ¦   +-- with_template.py +-- wsgi.py My urls.py: from project.frontend.views import * from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url urlpatterns = patterns('project.frontend.views', url(r'^entry/(?P<entry_id>\d+)/', 'entry', name="entry"), (r'^entry_list/', 'entry_list'), Then entry_list.html: {% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %} {% for entry in entries %} {% url 'entry' entry.id %} {% endfor %} {% endblock %} In views.py I have: @with_template def entry(request, entry_id): entry = Entry.objects.get(id=entry_id) entry.comments = entry.get_comments() return locals() where with_template is following decorator(but I don't think this is a case): class TheWrapper(object): def __init__(self, default_template_name): self.default_template_name = default_template_name def __call__(self, func): def decorated_func(request, *args, **kwargs): extra_context = kwargs.pop('extra_context', {}) dictionary = {} ret = func(request, *args, **kwargs) if isinstance(ret, HttpResponse): return ret dictionary.update(ret) dictionary.update(extra_context) return render_to_response(dictionary.get('template_name', self.default_template_name), context_instance=RequestContext(request), dictionary=dictionary) update_wrapper(decorated_func, func) return decorated_func if not callable(arg): return TheWrapper(arg) else: default_template_name = ''.join([ arg.__name__, '.html']) return TheWrapper(default_template_name)(arg) Do you have any idea, what may cause the problem? Great thanks in advance!

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  • which file stored os.environ,and store where , disk c: or disk d:

    - by zjm1126
    my code is : os.environ['ss']='ssss' print os.environ and it show : {'TMP': 'C:\\DOCUME~1\\ADMINI~1\\LOCALS~1\\Temp', 'COMPUTERNAME': 'PC-200908062210', 'USERDOMAIN': 'PC-200908062210', 'COMMONPROGRAMFILES': 'C:\\Program Files\\Common Files', 'PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER': 'x86 Family 6 Model 15 Stepping 2, GenuineIntel', 'PROGRAMFILES': 'C:\\Program Files', 'PROCESSOR_REVISION': '0f02', 'SYSTEMROOT': 'C:\\WINDOWS', 'PATH': 'C:\\WINDOWS\\system32;C:\\WINDOWS;C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\Wbem;C:\\Program Files\\Hewlett-Packard\\IAM\\bin;C:\\Program Files\\Common Files\\Thunder Network\\KanKan\\Codecs;D:\\Program Files\\TortoiseSVN\\bin;d:\\Program Files\\Mercurial\\;D:\\Program Files\\Graphviz2.26.3\\bin;D:\\TDDOWNLOAD\\ok\\gettext\\bin;D:\\Python25;C:\\Program Files\\StormII\\Codec;C:\\Program Files\\StormII;D:\\zjm_code\\;D:\\Python25\\Scripts;D:\\MinGW\\bin;d:\\Program Files\\Google\\google_appengine\\', 'TEMP': 'C:\\DOCUME~1\\ADMINI~1\\LOCALS~1\\Temp', 'BID': '56727834-D5C3-4EBF-BFAA-FA0933E4E721', 'PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE': 'x86', 'ALLUSERSPROFILE': 'C:\\Documents and Settings\\All Users', 'SESSIONNAME': 'Console', 'HOMEPATH': '\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator', 'USERNAME': 'Administrator', 'LOGONSERVER': '\\\\PC-200908062210', 'COMSPEC': 'C:\\WINDOWS\\system32\\cmd.exe', 'PATHEXT': '.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH', 'CLIENTNAME': 'Console', 'FP_NO_HOST_CHECK': 'NO', 'WINDIR': 'C:\\WINDOWS', 'APPDATA': 'C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator\\Application Data', 'HOMEDRIVE': 'C:', 'SS': 'ssss', 'SYSTEMDRIVE': 'C:', 'NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS': '2', 'PROCESSOR_LEVEL': '6', 'OS': 'Windows_NT', 'USERPROFILE': 'C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator'} i find google-app-engine set user_id in os.version not in session,look here at line 96-100 and line 257 , and aeoid at line 177 , and i want to know : which file stored os.environ ,and store where , disk c: ,or disk d: ? thanks

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  • Horizontal scrolling in a wx.RichTextCtrl

    - by Sam
    I have a RichTextCtrl created as follows: self.userlist = wx.richtext.RichTextCtrl(self, style=wx.TE_MULTILINE|wx.TE_READONLY|wx.HSCROLL) It all works fine, except for the wx.HSCROLL style. If I change the RichTextCtrl to a regular TextCtrl, it correctly horizontal scrolls on long lines, rather than wrapping, but on the RichTextCtrl it wraps regardless. Is there an easy way to make it scroll horizontally? (I do, unfortunately, need the RichTextCtrl's featureset for this object.)

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  • Exposing a "dumbed-down", read-only instance of a Model in GAE

    - by Blixt
    Does anyone know a clever way, in Google App Engine, to return a wrapped Model instance that only exposes a few of the original properties, and does not allow saving the instance back to the datastore? I'm not looking for ways of actually enforcing these rules, obviously it'll still be possible to change the instance by digging through its __dict__ etc. I just want a way to avoid accidental exposure/changing of data. My initial thought was to do this (I want to do this for a public version of a User model): class ReadOnlyUser(db.Model): display_name = db.StringProperty() @classmethod def kind(cls): return 'User' def put(self): raise SomeError() Unfortunately, GAE maps the kind to a class early on, so if I do ReadOnlyUser.get_by_id(1) I will actually get a User instance back, not a ReadOnlyUser instance.

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