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• How do I specify a null relation in SQLAlchemy?

  - by Jesse

  Not sure what the correct title for this question should be. I have the following schema: Matters have a one-many relationship to WorkItems. WorkItems have a one-one (or one-zero) relationship to LineItems. I am trying to create the following relation between Matters and WorkItems Matter.unbilled_work_items = orm.relation(WorkItem, primaryjoin = (Matter.id == WorkItem.matter_id) and (WorkItem.line_item_id == None), foreign_keys = [WorkItem.matter_id, WorkItem.line_item_id], viewonly=True ) This throws: AttributeError: '_Null' object has no attribute 'table' That seems to be saying that the second clause in the primaryjoin returns an object of type _Null, but it seems to be expecting something with a "table" attribute. This seems like it should be pretty straightforward to me, am I missing something obvious?

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• More than one profile in Django?

  - by JPC

  Is it possible to use Django's user authentication features with more than one profile? Currently I have a settings.py file that has this in it: AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE = 'auth.UserProfileA' and a models.py file that has this in it: from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import User class UserProfileA(models.Model): company = models.CharField(max_length=30) user = models.ForeignKey(User, unique=True) that way, if a user logs in, I can easily get the profile because the User has a get_profile() method. However, I would like to add UserProfileB. From looking around a bit, it seems that the starting point is to create a superclass to use as the AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE and have both UserProfileA and UserProfileB inherit from that superclass. The problem is, I don't think the get_profile() method returns the correct profile. It would return an instance of the superclass. I come from a java background (polymorphism) so I'm not sure exactly what I should be doing. Thanks!

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• Django - partially validating form

  - by aeter

  I'm new to Django, trying to process some forms. I have this form for entering information (creating a new ad) in one template: class Ad(models.Model): ... category = models.CharField("Category",max_length=30, choices=CATEGORIES) sub_category = models.CharField("Subcategory",max_length=4, choices=SUBCATEGORIES) location = models.CharField("Location",max_length=30, blank=True) title = models.CharField("Title",max_length=50) ... I validate it with "is_valid()" just fine. Basically for the second validation (another template) I want to validate only against "category" and "sub_category": In another template, I want to use 2 fields from the same form ("category" and "sub_category") for filtering information - and now the "is_valid()" method would not work correctly, cause it validates the entire form, and I need to validate only 2 fields. I have tried with the following: ... if request.method == 'POST': # If a filter for data has been submitted: form = AdForm(request.POST) try: form = form.clean() category = form.category sub_category = form.sub_category latest_ads_list = Ad.objects.filter(category=category) except ValidationError: latest_ads_list = Ad.objects.all().order_by('pub_date') else: latest_ads_list = Ad.objects.all().order_by('pub_date') form = AdForm() ... but it doesn't work. How can I validate only the 2 fields category and sub_category?

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• How to create a non-persistent Elixir/SQLAlchemy object?

  - by siebert

  Hi, because of legacy data which is not available in the database but some external files, I want to create a SQLAlchemy object which contains data read from the external files, but isn't written to the database if I execute session.flush() My code looks like this: try: return session.query(Phone).populate_existing().filter(Phone.mac == ident).one() except: return self.createMockPhoneFromLicenseFile(ident) def createMockPhoneFromLicenseFile(self, ident): # Some code to read necessary data from file deleted.... phone = Phone() phone.mac = foo phone.data = bar phone.state = "Read from legacy file" phone.purchaseOrderPosition = self.getLegacyOrder(ident) # SQLAlchemy magic doesn't seem to work here, probably because we don't insert the created # phone object into the database. So we set the id fields manually. phone.order_id = phone.purchaseOrderPosition.order_id phone.order_position_id = phone.purchaseOrderPosition.order_position_id return phone Everything works fine except that on a session.flush() executed later in the application SQLAlchemy tries to write the created Phone object to the database (which fortunatly doesn't succeed, because phone.state is longer than the data type allows), which breaks the function which issues the flush. Is there any way to prevent SQLAlchemy from trying to write such an object? Ciao, Steffen

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• How to achieve interaction between GUI class with logic class

  - by volting

  Im new to GUI programming, and haven't done much OOP. Im working on a basic calculator app to help me learn GUI design and to brush up on OOP. I understand that anything GUI related should be kept seperate from the logic, but Im unsure how to implement interaction between logic an GUI classes when needed i.e. basically passing variables back and forth... Im using TKinter and when I pass a tkinter variable to my logic it only seems to hold the string PY_VAR0. def on_equal_btn_click(self): self.entryVariable.set(self.entryVariable.get() + "=") calculator = Calc(self.entryVariable) self.entryVariable.set(calculator.calculate()) Im sure that im probably doing something fundamentally wrong and probabaly really stupid, I spent a considerable amount of time experimenting (and searching for answers online) but Im getting no where. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks, V The Full Program (well just enough to show the structure..) import Tkinter class Gui(Tkinter.Tk): def __init__(self,parent): Tkinter.Tk.__init__(self,parent) self.parent = parent self.initialize() def initialize(self): self.grid() self.create_widgets() """ grid config """ #self.grid_columnconfigure(0,weight=1,pad=0) self.resizable(False, False) def create_widgets(self): """row 0 of grid""" """Create Text Entry Box""" self.entryVariable = Tkinter.StringVar() self.entry = Tkinter.Entry(self,width=30,textvariable=self.entryVariable) self.entry.grid(column=0,row=0, columnspan = 3 ) self.entry.bind("<Return>", self.on_press_enter) """create equal button""" equal_btn = Tkinter.Button(self,text="=",width=4,command=self.on_equal_btn_click) equal_btn.grid(column=3, row=0) """row 1 of grid""" """create number 1 button""" number1_btn = Tkinter.Button(self,text="1",width=8,command=self.on_number1_btn_click) number1_btn.grid(column=0, row=1) . . . def on_equal_btn_click(self): self.entryVariable.set(self.entryVariable.get() + "=") calculator = Calc(self.entryVariable) self.entryVariable.set(calculator.calculate()) class Calc(): def __init__(self, equation): self.equation = equation def calculate(self): #TODO: parse string and calculate... return self.equation if __name__ == "__main__": app = Gui(None) app.title('Calculator') app.mainloop()

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• manyToManyField question

  - by dotty

  Hay guys, I'm writing a simple app which logs recipes. I'm working out my models and have stumbled across a problem My Dish models needs to have many Ingredients. This is no problem because i would do something like this ingredients = models.ManyToManyfield(Ingredient) No problems, my dish now can have many ingrendients. However, the problem is that the ingredient needs to come in different quantities. I.E 4 eggs, 7 tablespoons sugar My Ingredient Model is very simple at the moment class Ingredient(models.Model): name = models.TextField(blank=False) slug = models.SlugField(blank=True) How would i go about work out this problem? What fields would i need to add, would i need to use a 'through' attribute on my ManyToManyfield to solve this problem?

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• Using Django view variables inside templates

  - by William

  Hi, this is a rather basic question (I'm new to Django) but I'm having trouble using a variable set in my view inside my template. If I initialize a string or list inside my view (i.e. h = "hello") and then attempt to call it inside a template: {{ h }} there is neither output nor errors. Similarly, if I try to use a variable inside my template that doesn't exist: {{ asdfdsadf }} there is again no error reported. Is this normal? And how can I use my variables within my templates. Thanks!

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• how to convert a binary data into interger?

  - by kaki

  when I am using the wave_read.readframes() I am getting the result in binary data such as /x00/x00/x00:/x16#/x05" etc a very long string when asked for single frame it gives @/x00 or \xe3\xff or so I want this individual frame data in integer how can I convert them into integer to store them into array.

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• How to invert alternate bits of a number

  - by Cupidvogel

  The problem is how to invert alternate bits of a number, starting from the LSB. Currently what I am doing is first doing a count = -1 while n: n >>= 1 count += 1 to first find the position of the leftmost set bit, then running a loop to invert every alternate bit: i = 0 while i <= count: num ^= 1<<i i += 2 Is there a quick hack solution instead of this rather boring loop solution? Of course, the solution can't make any asumption about the size of the integer.

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• How do I use multiple settings file in Django with multiple sites on one server?

  - by William Bing Hua

  I have an ec2 instance running Ubuntu 14.04 and I want to host two sites from it. On my first site I have two settings file, production_settings.py and settings.py (for local development). I import the local settings into the production settings and override any settings with the production settings file. Since my production settings file is not the default settings.py name, I have to create an environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE='site1.production_settings' However because of this whenever I try to start my second site it says No module named site1.production_settings I am assuming that this is due to me setting the environment variable. Another problem is that I won't be able to use different settings file for different sites. How do I start use two different settings file for two different websites?

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• A faster alternative to Pandas `isin` function

  - by user3576212

  I have a very large data frame df that looks like: ID Value1 Value2 1345 3.2 332 1355 2.2 32 2346 1.0 11 3456 8.9 322 And I have a list that contains a subset of IDs ID_list. I need to have a subset of df for the ID contained in ID_list. Currently, I am using df_sub=df[df.ID.isin(ID_list)] to do it. But it takes a lot time. IDs contained in ID_list doesn't have any pattern, so it's not within certain range. (And I need to apply the same operation to many similar dataframes. I was wondering if there is any faster way to do this. Will it help a lot if make ID as the index? Thanks!

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• SQL Alchemy: Relationship with grandson

  - by giomasce

  I'm building a SQL Alchemy structure with three different levels of objects; for example, consider a simple database to store information about some blogs: there are some Blog object, some Post object and some Comment objects. Each Post belongs to a Blog and each Comment belongs to a Post. Using backref I can automatically have the list of all Posts belonging to a Blog and similarly for Comments. I drafted a skeleton for such a structure. What I would like to do now is to have directly in Blog an array of all the Comments belonging to that Blog. I've tried a few approaches, but they don't work or even make SQL Alchemy cry in ways I can't fix. I'd think that mine is quite a frequent need, but I couldn't find anything helpful. Colud someone suggest me how to do that? Thanks.

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• Modify passed, nested dict/list

  - by Gerenuk

  I was thinking of writing a function to normalize some data. A simple approach is def normalize(l, aggregate=sum, norm_by=operator.truediv): aggregated=aggregate(l) for i in range(len(l)): l[i]=norm_by(l[i], aggregated) l=[1,2,3,4] normalize(l) l -> [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4] However for nested lists and dicts where I want to normalize over an inner index this doesnt work. I mean I'd like to get l=[[1,100],[2,100],[3,100],[4,100]] normalize(l, ?? ) l -> [[0.1,100],[0.2,100],[0.3,100],[0.4,100]] Any ideas how I could implement such a normalize function? Maybe it would be crazy cool to write normalize(l[...][0]) Is it possible to make this work?? Or any other ideas? Also not only lists but also dict could be nested. Hmm... EDIT: I just found out that numpy offers such a syntax (for lists however). Anyone know how I would implement the ellipsis trick myself?

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• Use Twisted's getPage as urlopen?

  - by RadiantHex

  Hi folks, I would like to use Twisted non-blocking getPage method within a webapp, but it feels quite complicated to use such function compared to urlopen. This is an example of what I'm trying to achive: def web_request(request): response = urllib.urlopen('http://www.example.org') return HttpResponse(len(response.read())) Is it so hard to have something similar with getPage?

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• Passing parameter to base class constructor or using instance variable?

  - by deamon

  All classes derived from a certain base class have to define an attribute called "path". In the sense of duck typing I could rely upon definition in the subclasses: class Base: pass # no "path" variable here def Sub(Base): def __init__(self): self.path = "something/" Another possiblity would be to use the base class constructor: class Base: def __init__(self, path): self.path = path def Sub(Base): def __init__(self): super().__init__("something/") What would you prefer and why? Is there a better way?

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• Elegant Disjunctive Normal Form in Django

  - by Mike

  Let's say I've defined this model: class Identifier(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(User) key = models.CharField(max_length=64) value = models.CharField(max_length=255) Each user will have multiple identifiers, each with a key and a value. I am 100% sure I want to keep the design like this, there are external reasons why I'm doing it that I won't go through here, so I'm not interested in changing this. I'd like to develop a function of this sort: def get_users_by_identifiers(**kwargs): # something goes here return users The function will return all users that have one of the key=value pairs specified in **kwargs. Here's an example usage: get_users_by_identifiers(a=1, b=2) This should return all users for whom a=1 or b=2. I've noticed that the way I've set this up, this amounts to a disjunctive normal form...the SQL query would be something like: SELECT DISTINCT(user_id) FROM app_identifier WHERE (key = "a" AND value = "1") OR (key = "b" AND value = "2") ... I feel like there's got to be some elegant way to take the **kwargs input and do a Django filter on it, in just 1-2 lines, to produce this result. I'm new to Django though, so I'm just not sure how to do it. Here's my function now, and I'm completely sure it's not the best way to do it :) def get_users_by_identifiers(**identifiers): users = [] for key, value in identifiers.items(): for identifier in Identifier.objects.filter(key=key, value=value): if not identifier.user in users: users.append(identifier.user) return users Any ideas? :) Thanks!

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• concatenate multi values in one record without duplication

  - by mikehjun

  I have a dbf table like below which is the result of one to many join from two tables. I want to have unique zone values from one Taxlot id field. table name: input table tid ----- zone 1 ------ A 1 ------ A 1 ------ B 1 ------ C 2 ------ D 2 ------ E 3 ------ C Desirable output table table name: input table tid ----- zone 1 ------ A, B, C 2 ------ D, E 3 ------ C I got some help but couldn't make it to work. inputTbl = r"C:\temp\input.dbf" taxIdZoningDict = {} searchRows = gp.searchcursor(inputTbl) searchRow = searchRows.next() while searchRow: if searchRow.TID in taxIdZoningDict: taxIdZoningDict[searchRow.TID].add(searchRow.ZONE) else: taxIdZoningDict[searchRow.TID] = set() #a set prevents dulpicates! taxIdZoningDict[searchRow.TID].add(searchRow.ZONE) searchRow = searchRows.next() outputTbl = r"C:\temp\output.dbf" gp.CreateTable_management(r"C:\temp", "output.dbf") gp.AddField_management(outputTbl, "TID", "LONG") gp.AddField_management(outputTbl, "ZONES", "TEXT", "", "", "20") tidList = taxIdZoningDict.keys() tidList.sort() #sorts in ascending order insertRows = gp.insertcursor(outputTbl) for tid in tidList: concatString = "" for zone in taxIdZoningDict[tid] concatString = concatString + zone + "," insertRow = insertRows.newrow() insertRow.TID = tid insertRow.ZONES = concatString[:-1] insertRows.insertrow(insertRow) del insertRow del insertRows

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• Can login_required by applied to an entire app?

  - by muudscope

  In django, is there a way I can apply the @login_required decorator to an entire app?

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• how to create a theme with QT

  - by Moayyad Yaghi

  hello im looking for a way to make my pyqt interface look nicer by adding a theme to it. im new to Qt and i still have no idea how to add a custom theme for widgets.. so how is that possible ? and is it possible through qt designer ? sorry for my bad english , its my third language. i hope the idea is clear enough . please let me know if something was unclear .. thanks in advace

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• Weird callback execution order in Twisted?

  - by SlashV

  Consider the following code: from twisted.internet.defer import Deferred d1 = Deferred() d2 = Deferred() def f1(result): print 'f1', def f2(result): print 'f2', def f3(result): print 'f3', def fd(result): return d2 d1.addCallback(f1) d1.addCallback(fd) d1.addCallback(f3) #/BLOCK==== d2.addCallback(f2) d1.callback(None) #=======BLOCK/ d2.callback(None) This outputs what I would expect: f1 f2 f3 However when I swap the order of the statements in BLOCK to #/BLOCK==== d1.callback(None) d2.addCallback(f2) #=======BLOCK/ i.e. Fire d1 before adding the callback to d2, I get: f1 f3 f2 I don't see why the time of firing of the deferreds should influence the callback execution order. Is this an issue with Twisted or does this make sense in some way?

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• How to select a MenuItem programatically

  - by Shaung

  I am trying to add a global shortcut to a gtk.MenuItem which has a sub menu. Here is my code: import pygtk, gtk import keybinder dlg = gtk.Dialog('menu test') dlg.set_size_request(200, 40) menubar = gtk.MenuBar() menubar.show() menuitem = gtk.MenuItem('foo') menuitem.show() menubar.append(menuitem) mitem = gtk.MenuItem('bar') mitem.show() menu = gtk.Menu() menu.add(mitem) menu.show() menuitem.set_submenu(menu) def show_menu_cb(): menubar.select_item(menuitem) keybinder.bind('<Super>i', show_menu_cb) dlg.vbox.pack_start(menubar) dlg.show() dlg.run() When I press the key menu pops up, I can then select items in the sub menu or press Esc to make it disappear. But after that the menuitem keeps selected and other windows never get input focus again. I have to click on the menuitem twice to get everything back normal.

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• Sending HTTP requests from App Engine

  - by pocoa

  Is it possible to send HTTP requests from my AppEngine application? I need to make some requests and pull some data from the other sites.

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• What are the common patterns in web programming?

  - by lankerisms

  I have been trying to write my first big web app (more than one cgi file) and as I kept moving forward with the rough prototype, paralelly trying to predict more tasks, this is the todo that got accumulated (In no particular order). * Validations and input sanitizations * Object versioning (to avoid edit conflicts. I dont want hard locks) * Exception handling * memcache * xss and injection protections * javascript * html * ACLs * phonetics in search, match and find duplicates (for form validation) * Ajaxify!!! (I have snipped off the project specific items.) I know that each todo will be quite tied up to its project and technologies used. What I am wondering though, is if there is a pattern in your todo items as well as the sequence in which you experienced guys have come across them.

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• Model Django Poll

  - by MacPython

  I followed the django tutorial here: http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/intro/tutorial01/ and now I am at creating a poll. The code below works fine until I want to create choices, where for some reason I always get this error message: line 22, in unicode return self.question AttributeError: 'Choice' object has no attribute 'question' Unfortunatley, I dont understand where I made an error. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks for the time! CODE: import datetime from django.db import models class Poll(models.Model): question = models.CharField(max_length=200) pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published') def __unicode__(self): return self.question def was_published_today(self): return self.pub_date.date() == datetime.date.today() class Choice(models.Model): poll = models.ForeignKey(Poll) choice = models.CharField(max_length=200) votes = models.IntegerField() def __unicode__(self): return self.question

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• Extract files from zip folder and store these files in blobstore

  - by Eng_Engineer

  i want to upload zip folder from file input in form the i want to extract the contents of this uploaded zip folder,and store the contents (files)of this zip in the blobstore in order to download them after putting these files in one folder,but the problem is that i can't deal with the zip folder directly(to read it), i tried as this: form = cgi.FieldStorage() file_upload = form['file'] zip1=file_upload.filename zipstream=StringIO.StringIO(zip1.read()) But the problem still that i can't read the zip as previous,also i tried to read zip folder directly like this: z1=zipfile.ZipFile(zip1,"r") But there was an error in this way.Please can any one help me.Thanks in advance.

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