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  • CHROOT for shell script testing

    - by Josh
    I am looking at setting up a shell script in order to properly document and automate the process I am using to setup a few servers we have. In order to test the shell script through its different stages I was thinking a CHROOT would be ideal, since I can wipe out the "virtual root" and create it on the fly. I have never used CHROOT before, however. I was just curious what are the exact steps I would need to follow to implement this process of creating a chroot (with the basic core functions that would be needed to install apache/php/etc.)? and then destroying it?

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  • Three server processes consume no more than 50% of Dual Core CPU

    - by thor
    I have three processes running on Intel Core 2 Duo CPU. From watching output of 'top' and graphs of CPU load (drawn by MRTG, data collection via SNMP) I can see that CPU load is never more than 50%, and, most of the day, when those processes are busy CPU load has a ceiling at 50 %. I mean, CPU load grows up to 50% in the morning and stays there until late evening. My first thought was that only one core was used at 100% thus giving 50% of both CPUs. But, as there are three processes running and from 'top' I see that both cores are being loaded, so this is not the case. schedtool shows that CPU affinity for those three processes is at default, 0x03, allowing them to use both cores. If I force one process to one core (schedtool -a 0x01), and two others to second (schedtool -a 0x02), cumulative usage grows beyond 50%. Why three processes seem to consume only 50% of two cores? Why forcing them to different CPUs allows usage to grow higher? Any hints? P.S. Processes in question are Counter-Strike servers.

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  • bind named server - forward some requests to other servers

    - by Pentium100
    Is there a way to make bind answer some queries but forward all other queries (of the same domain) to another server, as in: example.com A 127.0.0.1 www.example.com A 127.0.0.1 everything not on this list (example.com MX, ftp.example.com A etc) - ask 192.168.0.1 (another DNS server) Essentially I want to intercept some (but not all) queries going to (in this example) 192.168.0.1 and answer for it. example.com A- intercept www.example.com - intercept example.com MX - pass trough ftp.example.com - pass trough

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  • Confirm that two filesystems are identical, ignoring special files

    - by endolith
    /media/A and /media/B should be identical, but I want to confirm before deleting one. Duplicate file finders don't work, because they'll find two copies of the same file within B, for instance. I only want to confirm that every file in one is identical to the other. diff -qr /media/A/ /media/B/ seems to work, but the output is cluttered with garbage like diff: /media/A//etc/alternatives/ControlPanel: No such file or directory and File /media/A//dev/tty8 is a character special file while file /media/B//dev/tty8 is a character special file I can suppress the former with 2> /dev/null, but I don't know about the latter. rsync -avn /media/A/ /media/B/ also produces a bunch of clutter, like "skipping non-regular file". How can I compare the two trees and just make sure that all the real files exist in both and are identical?

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  • Can the expect utility handle a case where the process it spawns also spawns a sub process?

    - by davidparks21
    I'm trying to use expect to handle rsync over an ssh shell, but it gets stuck. If I run my rsync command it works (simplified here): It prompts me for my password and copies files to the server: rsync -e ssh -<other_params> If I then enclose that in expect: expect -d -c "spawn rsync -e ssh -<other_params>" -c "expect password:" -c "send mypass\r" It does not execute properly, the program exists and no files are copied. Even the debug mode isn't giving many clues. My best guess is that rsync is spawning the ssh process, and the ssh process is what needs to be interacted with, but send is picking up the rsync process id and sending the input there. Any thoughts?

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  • When does `cron.daily` run?

    - by warren
    When do entries in cron.daily (and .weekly and .hourly) run, and is it configurable? I haven't found a definitive answer to this, and am hoping there is one. I'm running RHEL5 and CentOS 4, but for other distros/platforms would be great, too.

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  • How can I recover an ext4 filesystem corrupted after a fsck?

    - by Regan
    I have an ext4 filesystem on luks over software raid5. The filesystem was operating "just fine" for several years when I was beginning to run out of space. I had a 9T volume on 6x2T drives. I began upgrading to 3T drives by doing the mdadm fail, remove, add, rebuild, repeat process until I had a larger array. I then grew the luks container, and then when I unmounted and tried to resize2fs I was given the message the filesystem was dirty and needed e2fsck. Without thinking I just did e2fsck -y /dev/mapper/candybox and it began spewing all kinds of inode being removed type messages (can't remember exactly) I killed e2fsck and tried to remount the filesystem to backup data I was concerned about. When trying to mount at this point I get: # mount /dev/mapper/candybox /candybox mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/mapper/candybox, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so Looking back at my older logs I noticed the filesystem was giving this error each time the machine booted: kernel: [79137.275531] EXT4-fs (dm-2): warning: mounting fs with errors, running e2fsck is recommended So shame on me for not paying attention :( I then tried to mount using every backup superblock (one after another) and each attempt left this in my log: EXT4-fs (dm-2): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 0 failed (26534!=65440) EXT4-fs (dm-2): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 1 failed (38021!=36729) EXT4-fs (dm-2): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 2 failed (18336!=39845) ... EXT4-fs (dm-2): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 11911 failed (28743!=44098) BUG: soft lockup - CPU#0 stuck for 23s! [mount:2939] Attempts to restart e2fsck results in: # e2fsck /dev/mapper/candybox e2fsck 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) e2fsck: Group descriptors look bad... trying backup blocks... candy: recovering journal e2fsck: unable to set superblock flags on candy At this point, I decided it best to order some more drives and make an image using ddrescue Now two weeks later I have an image of the luks partition in a .img file. # ls -lh total 14T -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14T Oct 25 01:57 candybox.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 271 Oct 20 14:32 candybox.logfile After numerous attempts using everything I could find online I could not coerce e2fsck to do anything on the image, so I used mkfs.ext4 -L candy candybox.img -m 0 -S and I was able to mount the dirty filesystem readonly without the journal and recover 960G of data. It gave all kinds of errors of various directories not existing and so forth but I was able to get some stuff. Which gave me some hope! I then ran e2fsck again and it had to recreate the root inode and gave a massive list of correcting group counts, I accepted the root inode creation and said no to everything else, leaving a completely empty filesystem. Re-ran again and said yes to all questions with the same result but now a "clean" but empty filesystem. extundelete gives me 0 recoverable inodes found. And now I'm stuck again, I can't come up with any other methods other than dropping to something like photorec which will give me an absolute mess with how large the filesystem was. I'm willing to re-copy the image from the original array and start over, if I can get any suggestions or ideas on a way to get more of my files back. I wish I could give more detailed logs of the commands that have run, but the output is long scrolled passed except for what gets logged to syslog and my memory is not as detailed due to the timeframe this has occurred over. Any help is greatly appreciated!

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  • Change/Deactivate the shell for an amount of users on SUSE Enterprise Server

    - by Manfred Schmidt
    I have a SUSE Server to which ~300 users are connecting. About 100 of them have to be deactivated. I think it would be nice to change their shell to /bin/false either with chsh or with usermod. Do I have to type every command per line, or can I fill out a list of users which can be read from the script? I should mention that all of the 100 users have the same ending in their username. Can I work with wildcards here? e.g. usermod -s /bin/fish *ftpuser chsh -s /sbin/nologin *ftpuser

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  • Why does sshd give a different identification when connecting through netcat?

    - by Robbie Mckennie
    I have been attempting to create a way to ssh into a machine hiding behind a firewall. I set up my ssh client with the option Proxycommand /usr/bin/ncat -l 2000, and then I connect it to sshd with ncat <client> 2000 -c "sshd -i" on the server. It works in that I can get a shell on the server, but the server sends a different key than when I use normal ssh. So the question is, why? Is the key different when sshd is called in this unusual way?

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  • dovecot rhel 5 installation fails because of newer libraries

    - by kayhan yüksel
    to whom it may respond to, we are trying to install dovecot (dovecot-2.2.10-1_14.el5.x86_64) on a RHEL 5.4 server and we get the error : [root@asgfkm /]# rpm -i dovecot-2.1.17-0_136.el5.x86_64.rpm uyarý: dovecot-2.1.17-0_136.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 66534c2b: NOKEY hata: Failed dependencies: libcrypto.so.6()(64bit) is needed by dovecot-1:2.1.17-0_136.el5.x86_64 libldap-2.3.so.0()(64bit) is needed by dovecot-1:2.1.17-0_136.el5.x86_64 libmysqlclient.so.15()(64bit) is needed by dovecot-1:2.1.17-0_136.el5.x86_64 libmysqlclient.so.15(libmysqlclient_15)(64bit) is needed by dovecot-1:2.1.17-0_136.el5.x86_64 libssl.so.6()(64bit) is needed by dovecot-1:2.1.17-0_136.el5.x86_64 [root@asgfkm /]# but when we try to install requested libraries, it conflicts with the never libraries : uyarý: openssl-0.9.8e-27.el5_10.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID e8562897: NOKEY openssl-1.0.0-20.el6.x86_64 paketi zaten yüklü (openssl-0.9.8e-27.el5_10.1.x86_64 sürümünden daha yeni) this is happening with the other libraries also : libldap, libmysql, etc... Do you recommend --force option to install it or is there any other proper way around ? Thank you for your time,

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  • Ubuntu12.04 - launched applications, not staying in same desktop

    - by Anders Metnik
    My question is why a launched application, if it has loading time like netbeans, eclipse jdeveloper etc. If i go to desktop3 and launch an application and then go to desktop 2 while I wait, then when it has loaded the application will launch in desktop2. Is there anyway to change this? I find it highly annoying since i on startup would like to launch 3-4 big applications, leave my computer while loadingf, and then return. But i cant leave since i have to launch them sequential instead of simultaneous... Help please :-)

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  • Removing partition to install OS?

    - by Shane
    So i have a computer that has 2 hard drives and i installed Ubuntu server on it. I used LVM to connect the two. So i tried to put windows back on it but it failed because it said it couldn't position the drive and then when i booted again the OS couldn't be found. So i booted it with the Ubuntu setup disc but now when it goes to partition it says that the position can not be modified because its already in use. I am asking if there is a way i can just remove everything and start fresh?

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  • pam_tally2 causing unwanted lockouts with SCOM or Nervecenter

    - by Chris
    We use pam_tally2 in our system-auth config file which works fine for users. With services such as SCOM or Nervecenter it causes lockouts. Same behavior on RHEL5 and RHEL6 This is /etc/pam.d/nervecenter #%PAM-1.0 # Sample NerveCenter/RHEL6 PAM configuration # This PAM registration file avoids use of the deprecated pam_stack.so module. auth include system-auth account required pam_nologin.so account include system-auth and this is /etc/pam.d/system-auth auth sufficient pam_centrifydc.so auth requisite pam_centrifydc.so deny account sufficient pam_centrifydc.so account requisite pam_centrifydc.so deny session required pam_centrifydc.so homedir password sufficient pam_centrifydc.so try_first_pass password requisite pam_centrifydc.so deny auth required pam_tally2.so deny=6 onerr=fail auth required pam_env.so auth sufficient pam_unix.so nullok try_first_pass auth requisite pam_succeed_if.so uid >= 500 quiet auth required pam_deny.so account required pam_unix.so account sufficient pam_succeed_if.so uid < 500 quiet account required pam_permit.so password requisite pam_cracklib.so try_first_pass retry=3 minclass=3 minlen=8 lcredit=1 ucredit=1 dcredit=1 ocredit=1 difok=1 password sufficient pam_unix.so sha512 shadow try_first_pass use_authtok remember=8 password required pam_deny.so session optional pam_keyinit.so revoke session required pam_limits.so session [success=1 default=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so service in crond quiet use_uid session required pam_unix.so The login does work but it also triggers the pam_tally counter up until it hits 6 "false" logins. Is there any pam-ninjas around that could spot the issue? Thanks.

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  • Successful su for user by root in /var/log/auth.log

    - by grs
    I have this sorts of entries in my /var/log/auth.log: Apr 3 12:32:23 machine_name su[1521]: Successful su for user1 by root Apr 3 12:32:23 machine_name su[1654]: Successful su for user2 by root Apr 3 12:32:24 machine_name su[1772]: Successful su for user3 by root Situation: All users are real accounts in /etc/passwd; None of the users has its own crontab; All of those users are logged in the machine some time ago via SSH or No Machine - time varies from few minutes to few hours; no cron jobs are scheduled to run at that time, anacron is removed; I can see similar entries for other days and other times. The common part is the users are logged in when it appears. It does not appear during login, but some time afterwards. This machine has similar setup with few others but it is the only one where I see these entries. What causes them? Thanks

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  • Where does netstat get the process name?

    - by tjameson
    I am developing a node application and there is an option to set the process title (process name). This only sets it in some tools (like ps and top), but not in htop or netstat. I found this article that explained how most applications do it, but it doesn't change in netstat. That lead me to wonder where those programs are getting the process name. Would they be getting it from /proc/##/cmdline? (## being the PID of the process) I figure messing with things in /proc is a bad idea (and probably not possible), so if this is where those programs are getting it, is there a way to change it?

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  • Logfiles filling with iptables logging

    - by Peter I
    OS: Debian 6 Server Version I have different logfiles which are filling up: user@server:/var/log$ ls -lahS | head total 427G -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 267G Nov 2 17:29 bandwidth -rw-r----- 1 root adm 44G Nov 2 17:29 kern.log -rw-r----- 1 root adm 27G Nov 2 17:29 debug -rw-r----- 1 root adm 23G Oct 27 06:33 kern.log.1 -rw-r----- 1 root adm 17G Nov 2 17:29 messages -rw-r----- 1 root adm 14G Oct 27 06:33 debug.1 -rw-r----- 1 root adm 12G Nov 2 17:29 syslog -rw-r----- 1 root adm 12G Nov 1 06:26 syslog.1 -rw-r----- 1 root adm 9.0G Oct 27 06:33 messages.1 So I looked up the file /etc/iptables.up.rules which had those lines in it: -A FORWARD -o eth0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix BANDWIDTH_OUT: -A FORWARD -i eth0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix BANDWIDTH_IN: -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix BANDWIDTH_OUT: -A INPUT -i eth0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix BANDWIDTH_IN: So deleting those lines will solve my problem. But how would I edit those lines without losing their functionality?

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  • Can I automatically add a new host to known_hosts ?

    - by gareth_bowles
    Here's my situation; I'm setting up a test harness that will, from a central client, launch a number of virtual machine instances and then execute commands on them via SSH. The virtual machines will have previously unused hostnames and IP addresses, so they won't be in the ~/.ssh/known_hosts file on the central client. The problem I'm having is that the first SSH command run against a new virtual instance always comes up with an interactive prompt: The authenticity of host '[hostname] ([IP address])' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is [key fingerprint]. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? Is there a way that I can bypass this and get the new host to be already known to the client machine, maybe by using a public key that's already baked into the virtual machine image ? I'd really like to avoid having to use Expect or whatever to answer the interactive prompt if I can.

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  • "Can't find root filesystem / error mounting /dev/root" when booting to new kernel

    - by salparadise
    I am trying to upgrade my kernel from 2.6.18-274 to 2.6.39 for some wireless card drivers. When I boot into the new kernel I get the "Can't find root filesystem / error mounting /dev/root" googling led me to this page http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Common_kernel_problems#Can.27t_find_root_filesystem_.2F_error_mounting_.2Fdev.2Froot From what I am reading seems to be an issue with a driver for my SATA controller or HD, but I can't find what option I need to add to the kernel. Doing a diff from the old initrd to the new one gives me the following: root-> diff /tmp/kafter /tmp/kbefore 6a7,8 > lib/dm-message.ko > lib/dm-region_hash.ko 8a11 > lib/dm-raid45.ko 13d15 < lib/dm-region-hash.ko 16a19 > lib/dm-mem-cache.ko Do I need any of those? not sure if I would need dm-raid45.ko as I am not running a raid. I have the same SATA and IDE options configured for both kernels so not sure what else to look for, any help is appreciated. Additionally here is the HW info: 00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FW (ICH6/ICH6W) SATA Controller (rev 03) (prog-if 8f [Master SecP SecO PriP PriO]) Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Unknown device 3006 Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 233 I/O ports at 1818 [size=8] I/O ports at 1830 [size=4] I/O ports at 1820 [size=8] I/O ports at 1834 [size=4] I/O ports at 14f0 [size=16] Capabilities: [70] Power Management version 2 root-> smartctl -a /dev/sda ... === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Device Model: WDC WD5000AADS-00S9B0

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  • How can I turn off font-antialiasing only for gnome-terminal, but not for other applications?

    - by dan
    I'm running GNOME (gnome-session under xmonad). I want to turn off antialiasing (i.e. use monochrome mode) for fonts in gnome-terminal. But I want to retain antialiasing for other applications, like Firefox. Is this possible? Antialiasing is great and almost necessary for using Firefox or Chrome. But it makes the fonts in gnome-terminal blurry at sizes around 12 or smaller. Otherwise, I'll just have to use xterm, which seems not to anti-alias its fonts under any circumstances.

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  • Block unknown users in Pidgin

    - by alfredozn
    How can I block messages from people who isn't in my buddy list in Pidgin? I always receive a lot of bothering messages from people who is not in my list, I have look at all the options in Pidgin but I didn't find where to set this condition.

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