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• how to POST two strings?

  - by Garrith

  Im trying to create a POST method for my AddTagtoGroup which looks like this (altho still confused as string group never seems to be used): List<Group> Groups = new List<Group>(); List<Tag> tags = new List<Tag>(); public void AddTagtoGroup(string group, string tag) { var result = Groups.Where(n => String.Equals(n.GroupName, tag)).FirstOrDefault(); if (result != null) { result.Tags.Add(new Tag() { TagName = tag }); } } My data contracts looks like this: [DataContract(Name = "Group")] public class Group { public Group() // not sure if this has to have a datamember { Tags = new List<Tag>(); } [DataMember(Name = "GroupName")] public string GroupName { get; set; } public List<Tag> Tags { get; set; } // datamember or not? } [DataContract(Name = "Tag")] public class Tag { [DataMember(Name = "TagName")] public string TagName { get; set; } } And my post method looks like this but im unsure what to put in the uri template? [OperationContract] [WebInvoke(Method = "POST", BodyStyle = WebMessageBodyStyle.Bare, RequestFormat = WebMessageFormat.Xml, ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Xml, UriTemplate = "/AddTagtoGroup{group}{tag}")] void AddTagtoGroup(string group, string tag);

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• expand floating object when floating object within expands

  - by Scarface

  Hey guys, quick question, I have a link when clicked drops down a list. This list is floated to the right to position it properly. This list is in another box that has been floated. My problem is that when the list expands, the box does not and the list comes out of the container box, unless the list is not floated. However floating it seems like the only way to get it to the position I want. If anyone has any ideas on how to solve this problem I would appreciate it. .container-box { margin-top:0px; float:left; padding-left:5px; position:relative; } #box-within { float:right; font-weight:bold; max-height:250px; display: none; background-color:#fff; overflow: auto; width:325px; padding:5px; position:relative; }

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• get next available integer using LINQ

  - by Daniel Williams

  Say I have a list of integers: List<int> myInts = new List<int>() {1,2,3,5,8,13,21}; I would like to get the next available integer, ordered by increasing integer. Not the last or highest one, but in this case the next integer that is not in this list. In this case the number is 4. Is there a LINQ statement that would give me this? As in: var nextAvailable = myInts.SomeCoolLinqMethod(); Edit: Crap. I said the answer should be 2 but I meant 4. I apologize for that! For example: Imagine that you are responsible for handing out process IDs. You want to get the list of current process IDs, and issue a next one, but the next one should not just be the highest value plus one. Rather, it should be the next one available from an ordered list of process IDs. You could get the next available starting with the highest, it does not really matter.

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• Implementing IEnumeralbe on Non-Listed Items

  - by Stacey

  I have a class that contains a static number of objects. This class needs to be frequently 'compared' to other classes that will be simple List objects. public partial class Sheet { public Item X{ get; set; } public Item Y{ get; set; } public Item Z{ get; set; } } the items are obviously not going to be "X" "Y" "Z", those are just generic names for example. The problem is that due to the nature of what needs to be done, a List won't work; even though everything in here is going to be of type Item. It is like a checklist of very specific things that has to be tested against in both code and runtime. This works all fine and well; it isn't my issue. My issue is iterating it. For instance I want to do the following... List<Item> UncheckedItems = // Repository Logic Here. UncheckedItems contains all available items; and the CheckedItems is the Sheet class instance. CheckedItems will contain items that were moved from Unchecked to Checked; however due to the nature of the storage system, items moved to Checked CANNOT be REMOVED from Unchecked. I simply want to iterate through "Checked" and remove anything from the list in Unchecked that is already in "Checked". So naturally, that would go like this with a normal list. foreach(Item item in Unchecked) { if( Checked.Contains(item) ) Unchecked.Remove( item ); } But since "Sheet" is not a 'List', I cannot do that. So I wanted to implement IEnumerable so that I could. Any suggestions? I've never implemented IEnumerable directly before and I'm pretty confused as to where to begin.

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• Ordering the results of a Hibernate Criteria query by using information of the child entities of the

  - by pkainulainen

  I have got two entities Person and Book. Only one instance of a specific book is stored to the system (When a book is added, application checks if that book is already found before adding a new row to the database). Relevant source code of the entities is can be found below: @Entity @Table(name="persons") @SequenceGenerator(name="id_sequence", sequenceName="hibernate_sequence") public class Person extends BaseModel { @Id @Column(name = "id") @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.SEQUENCE, generator = "id_sequence") private Long id = null; @ManyToMany(targetEntity=Book.class) @JoinTable(name="persons_books", joinColumns = @JoinColumn( name="person_id"), inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn( name="book_id")) private List<Book> ownedBooks = new ArrayList<Book>(); } @Entity @Table(name="books") @SequenceGenerator(name="id_sequence", sequenceName="hibernate_sequence") public class Book extends BaseModel { @Id @Column(name = "id") @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.SEQUENCE, generator = "id_sequence") private Long id = null; @Column(name="name") private String name = null; } My problem is that I want to find persons, which are owning some of the books owned by a specific persons. The returned list of persons should be ordered by using following logic: The person owning most of the same books should be at the first of the list, second person of the the list does not own as many books as the first person, but more than the third person. The code of the method performing this query is added below: @Override public List<Person> searchPersonsWithSimilarBooks(Long[] bookIds) { Criteria similarPersonCriteria = this.getSession().createCriteria(Person.class); similarPersonCriteria.add(Restrictions.in("ownedBooks.id", bookIds)); //How to set the ordering? similarPersonCriteria.addOrder(null); return similarPersonCriteria.list(); } My question is that can this be done by using Hibernate? And if so, how it can be done? I know I could implement a Comparator, but I would prefer using Hibernate to solve this problem.

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• Why am I needing to click twice on a WPF listbox item in order to fire a command?

  - by Donal

  Hi, I'm trying to make a standard WPF listbox be dynamically filled, and for each item in the list box to launch a command when clicked. Currently I have a working listbox, which can be filled and each item will fire the correct command, but in order to fire the command I have to click the list item twice. i.e, Click once to select the item, then click on the actual text to fire the command. As the list is dynamically created, I had to create a data template for the list items: <ListBox.ItemTemplate> <DataTemplate> <TextBlock Margin="4,2,4,2"> <Hyperlink TextDecorations="None" Command="MyCommands:CommandsRegistry.OpenPanel"> <TextBlock Text="{Binding}" Margin="4,2,4,2"/> </Hyperlink> </TextBlock> </DataTemplate> </ListBox.ItemTemplate> Basically, how do I remove the need to click twice? I have tried to use event triggers to fire the click event on the hyperlink element when the list box item is selected, but I can't get it to work. Or, is there a better approach to dynamically fill a listbox and attach commands to each list item? Thanks

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• jquery - DOM traversal question

  - by David

  Hi, Basically what I have here is a button that adds a new list item to an unordered list. Within this list item is a dropdown box (.formSelector) that when changed triggers an ajax call to get the values for another dropdown box (.fieldSelector) in the same list item. The problem is on this line: $(this).closest(".fieldSelector").append( If I change it to $(".fieldSelector").append( the second box updates correctly. The problem with this is that when I have multiple list items it updates every dropdown box on the page with the class fieldSelector, which is undesirable. How can I traverse the DOM to just pick the fieldSelector in the current list item? Any help is greatly appreciated. Complete code: $("button", "#newReportElement").click(function() { $("#reportElements").append("<li class=\"ui-state-default\"> <span class=\"test ui-icon ui-icon-arrowthick-2-n-s \"></span><span class=\"ui-icon ui-icon-trash deleteRange \"></span> <select name=\"form[]\" class=\"formSelector\"><? foreach ($forms->result() as $row) { echo "<option value='$row->formId'>$row->name</option>"; }?></select><select class=\"fieldSelector\" name=\"field[]\"></select></li>"); $(".deleteRange").button(); $('.formSelector').change(function() { var id = $(this).val(); var url = "<? echo site_url("report/formfields");?>" + "/" + id; var atext = "ids:"; $.getJSON(url, function(data){ $.each(data.items, function(i,item){ $(this).closest(".fieldSelector").append( $('<option></option>').val(item.formId).html(item.formLabel) ); }); }); }); return false; });

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• LINQ Sorting - First three need to be different manufacturers

  - by Rob

  My OM has a 'product' object. Each product has a 'manufacturer id' (property, integer). When I have a list of products to display, the first three are displayed as the 'featured products'. The list is already sorted in a specific sort order, putting the 'featured' products first in the list. However, I now need to ensure the featured products in the listing are from different Manufacturers. I want to have a method to call to do this re-sorting. Trying to utilize LINQ to to the querying of the input 'products' and the 'results' public List<Product> SetFeatures(List<Product> products, int numberOfFeatures) { List<Product> result; // ensure the 2nd product is different manufacturer than the first .... // ensure the 3rd product is a different manufacturer than the first two... // ... etc ... for the numberOfFeatures return result; } Thanks in advance.

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• How do I implement IEnumerable?

  - by Stacey

  I have a class that contains a static number of objects. This class needs to be frequently 'compared' to other classes that will be simple List objects. public partial class Sheet { public Item X{ get; set; } public Item Y{ get; set; } public Item Z{ get; set; } } the items are obviously not going to be "X" "Y" "Z", those are just generic names for example. The problem is that due to the nature of what needs to be done, a List won't work; even though everything in here is going to be of type Item. It is like a checklist of very specific things that has to be tested against in both code and runtime. This works all fine and well; it isn't my issue. My issue is iterating it. For instance I want to do the following... List<Item> UncheckedItems = // Repository Logic Here. UncheckedItems contains all available items; and the CheckedItems is the Sheet class instance. CheckedItems will contain items that were moved from Unchecked to Checked; however due to the nature of the storage system, items moved to Checked CANNOT be REMOVED from Unchecked. I simply want to iterate through "Checked" and remove anything from the list in Unchecked that is already in "Checked". So naturally, that would go like this with a normal list. foreach(Item item in Unchecked) { if( Checked.Contains(item) ) Unchecked.Remove( item ); } But since "Sheet" is not a 'List', I cannot do that. So I wanted to implement IEnumerable so that I could. Any suggestions? I've never implemented IEnumerable directly before and I'm pretty confused as to where to begin.

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• Scheme Homework Assignment

  - by user1704677

  In a course I am taking we recently had to learn the programming language Scheme. I get all of the basics, which is pretty much all that we have gone though. I'm just having trouble learning to think in the different way that Scheme consists of. I was given an assignment and really do not even know how to start. I have sat here for a few hours trying to figure out how to even get started, but I'm kind of stumped. For the record, I'm not asking for the code to solve this problem, but more of some thoughts to get me on the right track. Anyway, here is the gist of the assignment... We are given a list of ten numbers that represent a voter's votes. The numbers are -1, 0 or 1. Then we are given a list of lists of Candidates, with a name and then ten numbers corresponding to that candidate's votes. These numbers are also -1 0 and 1. So for example. '(0 0 0 -1 -1 1 0 1 0 -1) '(Adams 0 1 -1 0 1 1 0 -1 -1 0 0) We are asked to implement a function called best_candidates that will take in a list of numbers (Voter) and a list of lists of Candidates. Then we have to compare the votes of the voter against the list of each candidate and return a list of names with the most common votes. So far, I've come up with a few things. I'm just confused on how I will check the values and retain the name of the voter? I guess I'm still stuck in thinking C/Java and it's making this very tough. Any suggestions to help get me started?

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• Suggestions on Working with this Inherited Generic Method

  - by blu

  We have inherited a project that is a wrapper around a section of the core business model. There is one method that takes a generic, finds items matching that type from a member and then returns a list of that type. public List<T> GetFoos<T>() { List<IFoo> matches = Foos.FindAll( f => f.GetType() == typeof(T) ); List<T> resultList = new List<T>(); foreach (var match in matches) { resultList.Add((T)obj); } } Foos can hold the same object cast into various classes in inheritance hierarchy to aggregate totals differently for different UI presentations. There are 20+ different types of descendants that can be returned by GetFoos. The existing code basically has a big switch statement copied and pasted throughout the code. The code in each section calls GetFoos with its corresponding type. We are currently refactoring that into one consolidated area, but as we are doing that we are looking at other ways to work with this method. One thought was to use reflection to pass in the type, and that worked great until we realized the Invoke returned an object, and that it needed to be cast somehow to the List <T>. Another was to just use the switch statement until 4.0 and then use the dynamic language options. We welcome any alternate thoughts on how we can work with this method. I have left the code pretty brief, but if you'd like to know any additional details please just ask.

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• [Scala] Using overloaded, typed methods on a collection

  - by stephanos

  I'm quite new to Scala and struggling with the following: I have database objects (type of BaseDoc) and value objects (type of BaseVO). Now there are multiple convert methods (all called 'convert') that take an instance of an object and convert it to the other type accordingly. For example: def convert(doc: ClickDoc): ClickVO = doc match { case null => null case _ => val result = new ClickVO result.x = doc.x result.y = doc.y result } Now I sometimes need to convert a list of objects. How would I do this - I tried: def convert[D <: MyBaseDoc, V <: BaseVO](docs: List[D]):List[V] = docs match { case List() => List() case xs => xs.map(doc => convert(doc)) } Which results in 'overloaded method value convert with alternatives ...'. I tried to add manifest information to it, but couldn't make it work. I couldn't even create one method for each because it'd say that they have the same parameter type after type erasure (List). Ideas welcome!

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• Shell halts while looping and 'transforming' values in dictionary (Python 2.7.5)

  - by Gus

  I'm building a program that will sum digits in a given list in a recursive way. Say, if the source list has 10 elements, the second list will have 9, the third 8 and so on until the last list that will have only one element. This is done by adding the first element to the second, then the second to the third and so on. I'm stuck without feedback from the shell. It halts without throwing any errors, then in a couple of seconds the fan is spinning like crazy. I've read quite a few posts here and changed my approach, but I'm not sure that what have so far can produce the results I'm looking for. Thanks in advance: #--------------------------------------------------- #functions #--------------------------------------------------- #sum up pairs in a list def reduce(inputList): i = 0 while (i < len(inputList)): #ref to current and next item j = i + 1 #don't go for the last item if j != len(inputList): #new number eq current + next number newNumber = inputList[i] + inputList[j] if newNumber >= 10: #reduce newNumber to single digit newNumber = sum(map(int, str(newNumber))) #collect into temp list outputList.append(newNumber) i = i + 1 return outputList; #--------------------------------------------------- #program starts here #--------------------------------------------------- outputList = [] sourceList = [7, 3, 1, 2, 1, 4, 6] counter = len(sourceList) dict = {} dict[0] = sourceList print '-------------' print 'Level 0:', dict[0] for i in range(counter): j = i + 1 if j != counter: baseList = dict.get(i) #check function to understand what it does newList = reduce(baseList) #new key and value from previous/transformed value dict[j] = newList print 'Level %d: %s' % (j, dict[j])

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• jquery-ui drag and drop - how to dropped items?

  - by user246114

  Hi, I'm trying to use jquery-ui. I am using one of the drag and drop examples which is pretty much exactly what I need, except instead of moving items between the two lists, I'd like the items to be cloned: http://jqueryui.com/demos/sortable/#connect-lists $(function() { $("#sortable1, #sortable2").sortable({ connectWith: '.connectedSortable' }).disableSelection(); }); <ul id="sortable1" class="connectedSortable"> <li class="ui-state-default">Item 1</li> <li class="ui-state-default">Item 2</li> <li class="ui-state-default">Item 3</li> </ul> <ul id="sortable2" class="connectedSortable"> <li class="ui-state-default">Item 1</li> <li class="ui-state-default">Item 2</li> <li class="ui-state-default">Item 3</li> </ul> so moving an item from the first list to the second list results in list 1 have 2 items, and list 2 having 4 items. I just want it to make clones of the items on the drop. So in the above example, list 1 would still have 3 items, but list 2 would have 4 items, Thank you

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• storing user input into string array in C

  - by Jcmoney1010

  I'm writing a program that is supposed to take in a list of names from the user, store them in an array, and then search through the list to check and see if the next name the user enters is part of the original list of names. The issue I'm having is that when I go to enter a list of names, it only saves the last name entered into the list. I've searched the web and this site for similar issues, but I can't seem to find anything that answers this issue specifically. Here is the part of code where I have problem void initialize(char names[][],const int MAX_NAMES,const int MAX_NAMELENGTH) { int i,Number_entrys; printf("How many names would you like to enter to the list?"); scanf("%d",&Number_entrys); if(Number_entrys>MAX_NAMES){ printf("Please choose a smaller entry"); }else{ for (i=0; i<Number_entrys;i++){ scanf("%s",names); } } printf("%s",names); } trying very hard to teach myself, so be gentle lol.

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• Tools and Utilities for the .NET Developer

  - by mbcrump

  Tweet this list! Add a link to my site to your bookmarks to quickly find this page again! Add me to twitter! This is a list of the tools/utilities that I use to do my job/hobby. I wanted this page to load fast and contain information that only you care about. If I have missed a tool that you like, feel free to contact me and I will add it to the list. Also, this list took a lot of time to complete. Please do not steal my work, if you like the page then please link back to my site. I will keep the links/information updated as new tools/utilities are created.  Windows/.NET Development – This is a list of tools that any Windows/.NET developer should have in his bag. I have used at some point in my career everything listed on this page and below is the tools worth keeping. Name Description License AnkhSVN Subversion support for Visual Studio. It also works with VS2010. Free Aurora XAML Designer One of the best XAML creation tools available. Has a ton of built in templates that you can copy/paste into VS2010. COST/Trial BeyondCompare Beyond Compare 3 is the ideal tool for comparing files and folders on your Windows or Linux system. Visualize changes in your code and carefully reconcile them. COST/Trial BuildIT Automated Task Tool Its main purpose is to automate tasks, whether it is the final packaging of a product, an automated daily build, maybe sending out a mailing list, even backing-up files. Free C Sharper for VB Convert VB to C#. COST CLRProfiler Analyze and improve the behavior of your .NET app. Free CodeRush Direct competitor to ReSharper, contains similar feature. This is one of those decide for yourself. COST/Trial Disk2VHD Disk2vhd is a utility that creates VHD (Virtual Hard Disk - Microsoft's Virtual Machine disk format) versions of physical disks for use in Microsoft Virtual PC or Microsoft Hyper-V virtual machines (VMs). Free Eazfuscator.NET Is a free obfuscator for .NET. The main purpose is to protect intellectual property of software. Free EQATEC Profiler Make your .NET app run faster. No source code changes are needed. Just point the profiler to your app, run the modified code, and get a visual report. COST Expression Studio 3/4 Comes with Web, Blend, Sketch Flow and more. You can create websites, produce beautiful XAML and more. COST/Trial Expresso The award-winning Expresso editor is equally suitable as a teaching tool for the beginning user of regular expressions or as a full-featured development environment for the experienced programmer or web designer with an extensive knowledge of regular expressions. Free Fiddler Fiddler is a web debugging proxy which logs all HTTP(s) traffic between your computer and the internet. Free Firebug Powerful Web development tool. If you build websites, you will need this. Free FxCop FxCop is an application that analyzes managed code assemblies (code that targets the .NET Framework common language runtime) and reports information about the assemblies, such as possible design, localization, performance, and security improvements. Free GAC Browser and Remover Easy way to remove multiple assemblies from the GAC. Assemblies registered by programs like Install Shield can also be removed. Free GAC Util The Global Assembly Cache tool allows you to view and manipulate the contents of the global assembly cache and download cache. Free HelpScribble Help Scribble is a full-featured, easy-to-use help authoring tool for creating help files from start to finish. You can create Win Help (.hlp) files, HTML Help (.chm) files, a printed manual and online documentation (on a web site) all from the same Help Scribble project. COST/Trial IETester IETester is a free Web Browser that allows you to have the rendering and JavaScript engines of IE9 preview, IE8, IE7 IE 6 and IE5.5 on Windows 7, Vista and XP, as well as the installed IE in the same process. Free iTextSharp iText# (iTextSharp) is a port of the iText open source java library for PDF generation written entirely in C# for the .NET platform. Use the iText mailing list to get support. Free Kaxaml Kaxaml is a lightweight XAML editor that gives you a "split view" so you can see both your XAML and your rendered content. Free LINQPad LinqPad lets you interactively query databases in a LINQ. Free Linquer Many programmers are familiar with SQL and will need a help in the transition to LINQ. Sometimes there are complicated queries to be written and Linqer can help by converting SQL scripts to LINQ. COST/Trial LiquidXML Liquid XML Studio 2010 is an advanced XML developers toolkit and IDE, containing all the tools needed for designing and developing XML schema and applications. COST/Trial Log4Net log4net is a tool to help the programmer output log statements to a variety of output targets. log4net is a port of the excellent log4j framework to the .NET runtime. We have kept the framework similar in spirit to the original log4j while taking advantage of new features in the .NET runtime. For more information on log4net see the features document. Free Microsoft Web Platform Installer The Microsoft Web Platform Installer 2.0 (Web PI) is a free tool that makes getting the latest components of the Microsoft Web Platform, including Internet Information Services (IIS), SQL Server Express, .NET Framework and Visual Web Developer easy. Free Mono Development Don't have Visual Studio - no problem! This is an open Source C# and .NET development environment for Linux, Windows, and Mac OS X Free Net Mass Downloader While it’s great that Microsoft has released the .NET Reference Source Code, you can only get it one file at a time while you’re debugging. If you’d like to batch download it for reading or to populate the cache, you’d have to write a program that instantiated and called each method in the Framework Class Library. Fortunately, .NET Mass Downloader comes to the rescue! Free nMap Nmap ("Network Mapper") is a free and open source (license) utility for network exploration or security auditing. Many systems and network administrators also find it useful for tasks such as network inventory, managing service upgrade schedules, and monitoring host or service uptime. Free NoScript (Firefox add-in) The NoScript Firefox extension provides extra protection for Firefox, Flock, Seamonkey and other Mozilla-based browsers: this free, open source add-on allows JavaScript, Java and Flash and other plug-ins to be executed only by trusted web sites of your choice (e.g. your online bank), and provides the most powerful Anti-XSS protection available in a browser. Free NotePad 2 Notepad2, a fast and light-weight Notepad-like text editor with syntax highlighting. This program can be run out of the box without installation, and does not touch your system's registry. Free PageSpy PageSpy is a small add-on for Internet Explorer that allows you to select any element within a webpage, select an option in the context menu, and view detailed information about both the coding behind the page and the element you selected. Free Phrase Express PhraseExpress manages your frequently used text snippets in customizable categories for quick access. Free PowerGui PowerGui is a free community for PowerGUI, a graphical user interface and script editor for Microsoft Windows PowerShell! Free Powershell Comes with Win7, but you can automate tasks by using the .NET Framework. Great for network admins. Free Process Explorer Ever wondered which program has a particular file or directory open? Now you can find out. Process Explorer shows you information about which handles and DLLs processes have opened or loaded. Also, included in the SysInterals Suite. Free Process Monitor Process Monitor is an advanced monitoring tool for Windows that shows real-time file system, Registry and process/thread activity. Free Reflector Explore and analyze compiled .NET assemblies, viewing them in C#, Visual Basic, and IL. This is an Essential for any .NET developer. Free Regular Expression Library Stuck on a Regular Expression but you think someone has already figured it out? Chances are they have. Free Regulator Regulator makes Regular Expressions easy. This is a must have for a .NET Developer. Free RenameMaestro RenameMaestro is probably the easiest batch file renamer you'll find to instantly rename multiple files COST ReSharper The one program that I cannot live without. Supports VS2010 and offers simple refactoring, code analysis/assistance/cleanup/templates. One of the few applications that is worth the $$$. COST/Trial ScrewTurn Wiki ScrewTurn Wiki allows you to create, manage and share wikis. A wiki is a collaboratively-edited, information-centered website: the most famous is Wikipedia. Free SharpDevelop What is #develop? SharpDevelop is a free IDE for C# and VB.NET projects on Microsoft's .NET platform. Free Show Me The Template Show Me The Template is a tool for exploring the templates, be their data, control or items panel, that comes with the controls built into WPF for all 6 themes. Free SnippetCompiler Compiles code snippets without opening Visual Studio. It does not support .NET 4. Free SQL Prompt SQL Prompt is a plug-in that increases how fast you can work with SQL. It provides code-completion for SQL server, reformatting, db schema information and snippets. Awesome! COST/Trial SQLinForm SQLinForm is an automatic SQL code formatter for all major databases  including ORACLE, SQL Server, DB2, UDB, Sybase, Informix, PostgreSQL, Teradata, MySQL, MS Access etc. with over 70 formatting options. COST/OnlineFree SSMS Tools SSMS Tools Pack is an add-in for Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) including SSMS Express. Free Storm STORM is a free and open source tool for testing web services. Free Telerik Code Convertor Convert code from VB to C Sharp and Vice Versa. Free TurtoiseSVN TortoiseSVN is a really easy to use Revision control / version control / source control software for Windows.Since it's not an integration for a specific IDE you can use it with whatever development tools you like. Free UltraEdit UltraEdit is the ideal text, HTML and hex editor, and an advanced PHP, Perl, Java and JavaScript editor for programmers. UltraEdit is also an XML editor including a tree-style XML parser. An industry-award winner, UltraEdit supports disk-based 64-bit file handling (standard) on 32-bit Windows platforms (Windows 2000 and later). COST/Trial Virtual Windows XP Comes with some W7 version and allows you to run WinXP along side W7. Free VirtualBox Virtualization by Sun Microsystems. You can virtualize Windows, Linux and more. Free Visual Log Parser SQL queries against a variety of log files and other system data sources. Free WinMerge WinMerge is an Open Source differencing and merging tool for Windows. WinMerge can compare both folders and files, presenting differences in a visual text format that is easy to understand and handle. Free Wireshark Wireshark is one of the best network protocol analyzer's for Unix and windows. This has been used several times to get me out of a bind. Free XML Notepad 07 Old, but still one of my favorite XML viewers. Free Productivity Tools – This is the list of tools that I use to save time or quickly navigate around Windows. Name Description License AutoHotKey Automate almost anything by sending keystrokes and mouse clicks. You can write a mouse or keyboard macro by hand or use the macro recorder. Free CLCL CLCL is clipboard caching utility. Free Ditto Ditto is an extension to the standard windows clipboard. It saves each item placed on the clipboard allowing you access to any of those items at a later time. Ditto allows you to save any type of information that can be put on the clipboard, text, images, html, custom formats, ..... Free Evernote Remember everything from notes to photos. It will synch between computers/devices. Free InfoRapid Inforapid is a search tool that will display all you search results in a html like browser. If you click on a word in that browser, it will start another search to the word you clicked on. Handy if you want to trackback something to it's true origin. The word you looked for will be highlighted in red. Clicking on the red word will open the containing file in a text based viewer. Clicking on any word in the opened document will start another search on that word. Free KatMouse The prime purpose of the KatMouse utility is to enhance the functionality of mice with a scroll wheel, offering 'universal' scrolling: moving the mouse wheel will scroll the window directly beneath the mouse cursor (not the one with the keyboard focus, which is default on Windows OSes). This is a major increase in the usefulness of the mouse wheel. Free ScreenR Instant Screencast with nothing to download. Works with Mac or PC and free. Free Start++ Start++ is an enhancement for the Start Menu in Windows Vista. It also extends the Run box and the command-line with customizable commands.  For example, typing "w Windows Vista" will take you to the Windows Vista page on Wikipedia! Free Synergy Synergy lets you easily share a single mouse and keyboard between multiple computers with different operating systems, each with its own display, without special hardware. It's intended for users with multiple computers on their desk since each system uses its own monitor(s). Free Texter Texter lets you define text substitution hot strings that, when triggered, will replace hotstring with a larger piece of text. By entering your most commonly-typed snippets of text into Texter, you can save countless keystrokes in the course of the day. Free Total Commander File handling, FTP, Archive handling and much more. Even works with Win3.11. COST/Trial Available Wizmouse WizMouse is a mouse enhancement utility that makes your mouse wheel work on the window currently under the mouse pointer, instead of the currently focused window. This means you no longer have to click on a window before being able to scroll it with the mouse wheel. This is a far more comfortable and practical way to make use of the mouse wheel. Free Xmarks Bookmark sync and search between computers. Free General Utilities – This is a list for power user users or anyone that wants more out of Windows. I usually install a majority of these whenever I get a new system. Name Description License µTorrent µTorrent is a lightweight and efficient BitTorrent client for Windows or Mac with many features. I use this for downloading LEGAL media. Free Audacity Audacity® is free, open source software for recording and editing sounds. It is available for Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows, GNU/Linux, and other operating systems. Learn more about Audacity... Also check our Wiki and Forum for more information. Free AVast Free FREE Antivirus. Free CD Burner XP Pro CDBurnerXP is a free application to burn CDs and DVDs, including Blu-Ray and HD-DVDs. It also includes the feature to burn and create ISOs, as well as a multilanguage interface. Free CDEX You can extract digital audio CDs into mp3/wav. Free Combofix Combofix is a freeware (a legitimate spyware remover created by sUBs), Combofix was designed to scan a computer for known malware, spyware (SurfSideKick, QooLogic, and Look2Me as well as any other combination of the mentioned spyware applications) and remove them. Free Cpu-Z Provides information about some of the main devices of your system. Free Cropper Cropper is a screen capture utility written in C#. It makes it fast and easy to grab parts of your screen. Use it to easily crop out sections of vector graphic files such as Fireworks without having to flatten the files or open in a new editor. Use it to easily capture parts of a web site, including text and images. It's also great for writing documentation that needs images of your application or web site. Free DropBox Drag and Drop files to sync between computers. Free DVD-Fab Converts/Copies DVDs/Blu-Ray to different formats. (like mp4, mkv, avi) COST/Trial Available FastStone Capture FastStone Capture is a powerful, lightweight, yet full-featured screen capture tool that allows you to easily capture and annotate anything on the screen including windows, objects, menus, full screen, rectangular/freehand regions and even scrolling windows/web pages. Free ffdshow FFDShow is a DirectShow decoding filter for decompressing DivX, XviD, H.264, FLV1, WMV, MPEG-1 and MPEG-2, MPEG-4 movies. Free Filezilla FileZilla Client is a fast and reliable cross-platform FTP, FTPS and SFTP client with lots of useful features and an intuitive graphical user interface. You can also download a server version. Free FireFox Web Browser, do you really need an explanation? Free FireGestures A customizable mouse gestures extension which enables you to execute various commands and user scripts with five types of gestures. Free FoxIt Reader Light weight PDF viewer. You should install this with the advanced setting or it will install a toolbar and setup some shortcuts. Free gSynchIt Synch Gmail and Outlook. Even supports Outlook 2010 32/64 bit COST/Trial Available Hulu Desktop At home or in a hotel, this has replaced my cable/satellite subscription. Free ImgBurn ImgBurn is a lightweight CD / DVD / HD DVD / Blu-ray burning application that everyone should have in their toolkit! Free Infrarecorder InfraRecorder is a free CD/DVD burning solution for Microsoft Windows. It offers a wide range of powerful features; all through an easy to use application interface and Windows Explorer integration. Free KeePass KeePass is a free open source password manager, which helps you to manage your passwords in a secure way. Free LastPass Another password management, synchronize between browsers, automatic form filling and more. Free Live Essentials One download and lots of programs including Mail, Live Writer, Movie Maker and more! Free Monitores MonitorES is a small windows utility that helps you to turnoff monitor display when you lock down your machine.Also when you lock your machine, it will pause all your running media programs & set your IM status message to "Away" / Custom message(via options) and restore it back to normal when you back. Free mRemote mRemote is a full-featured, multi-tab remote connections manager. Free Open Office OpenOffice.org 3 is the leading open-source office software suite for word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, graphics, databases and more. It is available in many languages and works on all common computers. It stores all your data in an international open standard format and can also read and write files from other common office software packages. It can be downloaded and used completely free of charge for any purpose. Free Paint.NET Simple, intuitive, and innovative user interface for editing photos. Free Picasa Picasa is free photo editing software from Google that makes your pictures look great. Free Pidgin Pidgin is an easy to use and free chat client used by millions. Connect to AIM, MSN, Yahoo, and more chat networks all at once. Free PING PING is a live Linux ISO, based on the excellent Linux From Scratch (LFS) documentation. It can be burnt on a CD and booted, or integrated into a PXE / RIS environment. Free Putty PuTTY is an SSH and telnet client, developed originally by Simon Tatham for the Windows platform. Free Revo Uninstaller Revo Uninstaller Pro helps you to uninstall software and remove unwanted programs installed on your computer easily! Even if you have problems uninstalling and cannot uninstall them from "Windows Add or Remove Programs" control panel applet.Revo Uninstaller is a much faster and more powerful alternative to "Windows Add or Remove Programs" applet! It has very powerful features to uninstall and remove programs. Free Security Essentials Microsoft Security Essentials is a new, free consumer anti-malware solution for your computer. Free SetupVirtualCloneDrive Virtual CloneDrive works and behaves just like a physical CD/DVD drive, however it exists only virtually. Point to the .ISO file and it appears in Windows Explorer as a Drive. Free Shark 007 Codec Pack Play just about any file format with this download. Also includes my W7 Media Playlist Generator. Free Snagit 9 Screen Capture on steroids. Add arrows, captions, etc to any screenshot. COST/Trial Available SysinternalsSuite Go ahead and download the entire sys internals suite. I have mentioned multiple programs in this suite already. Free TeraCopy TeraCopy is a compact program designed to copy and move files at the maximum possible speed, providing the user with a lot of features. Free for Home TrueCrypt Free open-source disk encryption software for Windows 7/Vista/XP, Mac OS X, and Linux Free TweetDeck Fully featured Twitter client. Free UltraVNC UltraVNC is a powerful, easy to use and free software that can display the screen of another computer (via internet or network) on your own screen. The program allows you to use your mouse and keyboard to control the other PC remotely. It means that you can work on a remote computer, as if you were sitting in front of it, right from your current location. Free Unlocker Unlocks locked files. Pretty simple right? Free VLC Media Player VLC media player is a highly portable multimedia player and multimedia framework capable of reading most audio and video formats Free Windows 7 Media Playlist This program is special to my heart because I wrote it. It has been mentioned on podcast and various websites. It allows you to quickly create wvx video playlist for Windows Media Center. Free WinRAR WinRAR is a powerful archive manager. It can backup your data and reduce the size of email attachments, decompress RAR, ZIP and other files downloaded from Internet and create new archives in RAR and ZIP file format. COST/Trial Available Blogging – I use the following for my blog. Name Description License Insert Code for Windows Live Writer Insert Code for Windows Live Writer will format a snippet of text in a number of programming languages such as C#, HTML, MSH, JavaScript, Visual Basic and TSQL. Free LiveWriter Included in Live Essentials, but the ultimate in Windows Blogging Free PasteAsVSCode Plug-in for Windows Live Writer that pastes clipboard content as Visual Studio code. Preserves syntax highlighting, indentation and background color. Converts RTF, outputted by Visual Studio, into HTML. Free Desktop Management – The list below represent the best in Windows Desktop Management. Name Description License 7 Stacks Allows users to have "stacks" of icons in their taskbar. Free Executor Executor is a multi purpose launcher and a more advanced and customizable version of windows run. Free Fences Fences is a program that helps you organize your desktop and can hide your icons when they are not in use. Free RocketDock Rocket Dock is a smoothly animated, alpha blended application launcher. It provides a nice clean interface to drop shortcuts on for easy access and organization. With each item completely customizable there is no end to what you can add and launch from the dock. Free WindowsTab Tabbing is an essential feature of modern web browsers. Window Tabs brings the productivity of tabbed window management to all of your desktop applications. Free

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• Toorcon 15 (2013)

  - by danx

  The Toorcon gang (senior staff): h1kari (founder), nfiltr8, and Geo Introduction to Toorcon 15 (2013) A Tale of One Software Bypass of MS Windows 8 Secure Boot Breaching SSL, One Byte at a Time Running at 99%: Surviving an Application DoS Security Response in the Age of Mass Customized Attacks x86 Rewriting: Defeating RoP and other Shinanighans Clowntown Express: interesting bugs and running a bug bounty program Active Fingerprinting of Encrypted VPNs Making Attacks Go Backwards Mask Your Checksums—The Gorry Details Adventures with weird machines thirty years after "Reflections on Trusting Trust" Introduction to Toorcon 15 (2013) Toorcon 15 is the 15th annual security conference held in San Diego. I've attended about a third of them and blogged about previous conferences I attended here starting in 2003. As always, I've only summarized the talks I attended and interested me enough to write about them. Be aware that I may have misrepresented the speaker's remarks and that they are not my remarks or opinion, or those of my employer, so don't quote me or them. Those seeking further details may contact the speakers directly or use The Google. For some talks, I have a URL for further information. A Tale of One Software Bypass of MS Windows 8 Secure Boot Andrew Furtak and Oleksandr Bazhaniuk Yuri Bulygin, Oleksandr ("Alex") Bazhaniuk, and (not present) Andrew Furtak Yuri and Alex talked about UEFI and Bootkits and bypassing MS Windows 8 Secure Boot, with vendor recommendations. They previously gave this talk at the BlackHat 2013 conference. MS Windows 8 Secure Boot Overview UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) is interface between hardware and OS. UEFI is processor and architecture independent. Malware can replace bootloader (bootx64.efi, bootmgfw.efi). Once replaced can modify kernel. Trivial to replace bootloader. Today many legacy bootkits—UEFI replaces them most of them. MS Windows 8 Secure Boot verifies everything you load, either through signatures or hashes. UEFI firmware relies on secure update (with signed update). You would think Secure Boot would rely on ROM (such as used for phones0, but you can't do that for PCs—PCs use writable memory with signatures DXE core verifies the UEFI boat loader(s) OS Loader (winload.efi, winresume.efi) verifies the OS kernel A chain of trust is established with a root key (Platform Key, PK), which is a cert belonging to the platform vendor. Key Exchange Keys (KEKs) verify an "authorized" database (db), and "forbidden" database (dbx). X.509 certs with SHA-1/SHA-256 hashes. Keys are stored in non-volatile (NV) flash-based NVRAM. Boot Services (BS) allow adding/deleting keys (can't be accessed once OS starts—which uses Run-Time (RT)). Root cert uses RSA-2048 public keys and PKCS#7 format signatures. SecureBoot — enable disable image signature checks SetupMode — update keys, self-signed keys, and secure boot variables CustomMode — allows updating keys Secure Boot policy settings are: always execute, never execute, allow execute on security violation, defer execute on security violation, deny execute on security violation, query user on security violation Attacking MS Windows 8 Secure Boot Secure Boot does NOT protect from physical access. Can disable from console. Each BIOS vendor implements Secure Boot differently. There are several platform and BIOS vendors. It becomes a "zoo" of implementations—which can be taken advantage of. Secure Boot is secure only when all vendors implement it correctly. Allow only UEFI firmware signed updates protect UEFI firmware from direct modification in flash memory protect FW update components program SPI controller securely protect secure boot policy settings in nvram protect runtime api disable compatibility support module which allows unsigned legacy Can corrupt the Platform Key (PK) EFI root certificate variable in SPI flash. If PK is not found, FW enters setup mode wich secure boot turned off. Can also exploit TPM in a similar manner. One is not supposed to be able to directly modify the PK in SPI flash from the OS though. But they found a bug that they can exploit from User Mode (undisclosed) and demoed the exploit. It loaded and ran their own bootkit. The exploit requires a reboot. Multiple vendors are vulnerable. They will disclose this exploit to vendors in the future. Recommendations: allow only signed updates protect UEFI fw in ROM protect EFI variable store in ROM Breaching SSL, One Byte at a Time Yoel Gluck and Angelo Prado Angelo Prado and Yoel Gluck, Salesforce.com CRIME is software that performs a "compression oracle attack." This is possible because the SSL protocol doesn't hide length, and because SSL compresses the header. CRIME requests with every possible character and measures the ciphertext length. Look for the plaintext which compresses the most and looks for the cookie one byte-at-a-time. SSL Compression uses LZ77 to reduce redundancy. Huffman coding replaces common byte sequences with shorter codes. US CERT thinks the SSL compression problem is fixed, but it isn't. They convinced CERT that it wasn't fixed and they issued a CVE. BREACH, breachattrack.com BREACH exploits the SSL response body (Accept-Encoding response, Content-Encoding). It takes advantage of the fact that the response is not compressed. BREACH uses gzip and needs fairly "stable" pages that are static for ~30 seconds. It needs attacker-supplied content (say from a web form or added to a URL parameter). BREACH listens to a session's requests and responses, then inserts extra requests and responses. Eventually, BREACH guesses a session's secret key. Can use compression to guess contents one byte at-a-time. For example, "Supersecret SupersecreX" (a wrong guess) compresses 10 bytes, and "Supersecret Supersecret" (a correct guess) compresses 11 bytes, so it can find each character by guessing every character. To start the guess, BREACH needs at least three known initial characters in the response sequence. Compression length then "leaks" information. Some roadblocks include no winners (all guesses wrong) or too many winners (multiple possibilities that compress the same). The solutions include: lookahead (guess 2 or 3 characters at-a-time instead of 1 character). Expensive rollback to last known conflict check compression ratio can brute-force first 3 "bootstrap" characters, if needed (expensive) block ciphers hide exact plain text length. Solution is to align response in advance to block size Mitigations length: use variable padding secrets: dynamic CSRF tokens per request secret: change over time separate secret to input-less servlets Future work eiter understand DEFLATE/GZIP HTTPS extensions Running at 99%: Surviving an Application DoS Ryan Huber Ryan Huber, Risk I/O Ryan first discussed various ways to do a denial of service (DoS) attack against web services. One usual method is to find a slow web page and do several wgets. Or download large files. Apache is not well suited at handling a large number of connections, but one can put something in front of it Can use Apache alternatives, such as nginx How to identify malicious hosts short, sudden web requests user-agent is obvious (curl, python) same url requested repeatedly no web page referer (not normal) hidden links. hide a link and see if a bot gets it restricted access if not your geo IP (unless the website is global) missing common headers in request regular timing first seen IP at beginning of attack count requests per hosts (usually a very large number) Use of captcha can mitigate attacks, but you'll lose a lot of genuine users. Bouncer, goo.gl/c2vyEc and www.github.com/rawdigits/Bouncer Bouncer is software written by Ryan in netflow. Bouncer has a small, unobtrusive footprint and detects DoS attempts. It closes blacklisted sockets immediately (not nice about it, no proper close connection). Aggregator collects requests and controls your web proxies. Need NTP on the front end web servers for clean data for use by bouncer. Bouncer is also useful for a popularity storm ("Slashdotting") and scraper storms. Future features: gzip collection data, documentation, consumer library, multitask, logging destroyed connections. Takeaways: DoS mitigation is easier with a complete picture Bouncer designed to make it easier to detect and defend DoS—not a complete cure Security Response in the Age of Mass Customized Attacks Peleus Uhley and Karthik Raman Peleus Uhley and Karthik Raman, Adobe ASSET, blogs.adobe.com/asset/ Peleus and Karthik talked about response to mass-customized exploits. Attackers behave much like a business. "Mass customization" refers to concept discussed in the book Future Perfect by Stan Davis of Harvard Business School. Mass customization is differentiating a product for an individual customer, but at a mass production price. For example, the same individual with a debit card receives basically the same customized ATM experience around the world. Or designing your own PC from commodity parts. Exploit kits are another example of mass customization. The kits support multiple browsers and plugins, allows new modules. Exploit kits are cheap and customizable. Organized gangs use exploit kits. A group at Berkeley looked at 77,000 malicious websites (Grier et al., "Manufacturing Compromise: The Emergence of Exploit-as-a-Service", 2012). They found 10,000 distinct binaries among them, but derived from only a dozen or so exploit kits. Characteristics of Mass Malware: potent, resilient, relatively low cost Technical characteristics: multiple OS, multipe payloads, multiple scenarios, multiple languages, obfuscation Response time for 0-day exploits has gone down from ~40 days 5 years ago to about ~10 days now. So the drive with malware is towards mass customized exploits, to avoid detection There's plenty of evicence that exploit development has Project Manager bureaucracy. They infer from the malware edicts to: support all versions of reader support all versions of windows support all versions of flash support all browsers write large complex, difficult to main code (8750 lines of JavaScript for example Exploits have "loose coupling" of multipe versions of software (adobe), OS, and browser. This allows specific attacks against specific versions of multiple pieces of software. Also allows exploits of more obscure software/OS/browsers and obscure versions. Gave examples of exploits that exploited 2, 3, 6, or 14 separate bugs. However, these complete exploits are more likely to be buggy or fragile in themselves and easier to defeat. Future research includes normalizing malware and Javascript. Conclusion: The coming trend is that mass-malware with mass zero-day attacks will result in mass customization of attacks. x86 Rewriting: Defeating RoP and other Shinanighans Richard Wartell Richard Wartell The attack vector we are addressing here is: First some malware causes a buffer overflow. The malware has no program access, but input access and buffer overflow code onto stack Later the stack became non-executable. The workaround malware used was to write a bogus return address to the stack jumping to malware Later came ASLR (Address Space Layout Randomization) to randomize memory layout and make addresses non-deterministic. The workaround malware used was to jump t existing code segments in the program that can be used in bad ways "RoP" is Return-oriented Programming attacks. RoP attacks use your own code and write return address on stack to (existing) expoitable code found in program ("gadgets"). Pinkie Pie was paid $60K last year for a RoP attack. One solution is using anti-RoP compilers that compile source code with NO return instructions. ASLR does not randomize address space, just "gadgets". IPR/ILR ("Instruction Location Randomization") randomizes each instruction with a virtual machine. Richard's goal was to randomize a binary with no source code access. He created "STIR" (Self-Transofrming Instruction Relocation). STIR disassembles binary and operates on "basic blocks" of code. The STIR disassembler is conservative in what to disassemble. Each basic block is moved to a random location in memory. Next, STIR writes new code sections with copies of "basic blocks" of code in randomized locations. The old code is copied and rewritten with jumps to new code. the original code sections in the file is marked non-executible. STIR has better entropy than ASLR in location of code. Makes brute force attacks much harder. STIR runs on MS Windows (PEM) and Linux (ELF). It eliminated 99.96% or more "gadgets" (i.e., moved the address). Overhead usually 5-10% on MS Windows, about 1.5-4% on Linux (but some code actually runs faster!). The unique thing about STIR is it requires no source access and the modified binary fully works! Current work is to rewrite code to enforce security policies. For example, don't create a *.{exe,msi,bat} file. Or don't connect to the network after reading from the disk. Clowntown Express: interesting bugs and running a bug bounty program Collin Greene Collin Greene, Facebook Collin talked about Facebook's bug bounty program. Background at FB: FB has good security frameworks, such as security teams, external audits, and cc'ing on diffs. But there's lots of "deep, dark, forgotten" parts of legacy FB code. Collin gave several examples of bountied bugs. Some bounty submissions were on software purchased from a third-party (but bounty claimers don't know and don't care). We use security questions, as does everyone else, but they are basically insecure (often easily discoverable). Collin didn't expect many bugs from the bounty program, but they ended getting 20+ good bugs in first 24 hours and good submissions continue to come in. Bug bounties bring people in with different perspectives, and are paid only for success. Bug bounty is a better use of a fixed amount of time and money versus just code review or static code analysis. The Bounty program started July 2011 and paid out $1.5 million to date. 14% of the submissions have been high priority problems that needed to be fixed immediately. The best bugs come from a small % of submitters (as with everything else)—the top paid submitters are paid 6 figures a year. Spammers like to backstab competitors. The youngest sumitter was 13. Some submitters have been hired. Bug bounties also allows to see bugs that were missed by tools or reviews, allowing improvement in the process. Bug bounties might not work for traditional software companies where the product has release cycle or is not on Internet. Active Fingerprinting of Encrypted VPNs Anna Shubina Anna Shubina, Dartmouth Institute for Security, Technology, and Society (I missed the start of her talk because another track went overtime. But I have the DVD of the talk, so I'll expand later) IPsec leaves fingerprints. Using netcat, one can easily visually distinguish various crypto chaining modes just from packet timing on a chart (example, DES-CBC versus AES-CBC) One can tell a lot about VPNs just from ping roundtrips (such as what router is used) Delayed packets are not informative about a network, especially if far away from the network More needed to explore about how TCP works in real life with respect to timing Making Attacks Go Backwards Fuzzynop FuzzyNop, Mandiant This talk is not about threat attribution (finding who), product solutions, politics, or sales pitches. But who are making these malware threats? It's not a single person or group—they have diverse skill levels. There's a lot of fat-fingered fumblers out there. Always look for low-hanging fruit first: "hiding" malware in the temp, recycle, or root directories creation of unnamed scheduled tasks obvious names of files and syscalls ("ClearEventLog") uncleared event logs. Clearing event log in itself, and time of clearing, is a red flag and good first clue to look for on a suspect system Reverse engineering is hard. Disassembler use takes practice and skill. A popular tool is IDA Pro, but it takes multiple interactive iterations to get a clean disassembly. Key loggers are used a lot in targeted attacks. They are typically custom code or built in a backdoor. A big tip-off is that non-printable characters need to be printed out (such as "[Ctrl]" "[RightShift]") or time stamp printf strings. Look for these in files. Presence is not proof they are used. Absence is not proof they are not used. Java exploits. Can parse jar file with idxparser.py and decomile Java file. Java typially used to target tech companies. Backdoors are the main persistence mechanism (provided externally) for malware. Also malware typically needs command and control. Application of Artificial Intelligence in Ad-Hoc Static Code Analysis John Ashaman John Ashaman, Security Innovation Initially John tried to analyze open source files with open source static analysis tools, but these showed thousands of false positives. Also tried using grep, but tis fails to find anything even mildly complex. So next John decided to write his own tool. His approach was to first generate a call graph then analyze the graph. However, the problem is that making a call graph is really hard. For example, one problem is "evil" coding techniques, such as passing function pointer. First the tool generated an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) with the nodes created from method declarations and edges created from method use. Then the tool generated a control flow graph with the goal to find a path through the AST (a maze) from source to sink. The algorithm is to look at adjacent nodes to see if any are "scary" (a vulnerability), using heuristics for search order. The tool, called "Scat" (Static Code Analysis Tool), currently looks for C# vulnerabilities and some simple PHP. Later, he plans to add more PHP, then JSP and Java. For more information see his posts in Security Innovation blog and NRefactory on GitHub. Mask Your Checksums—The Gorry Details Eric (XlogicX) Davisson Eric (XlogicX) Davisson Sometimes in emailing or posting TCP/IP packets to analyze problems, you may want to mask the IP address. But to do this correctly, you need to mask the checksum too, or you'll leak information about the IP. Problem reports found in stackoverflow.com, sans.org, and pastebin.org are usually not masked, but a few companies do care. If only the IP is masked, the IP may be guessed from checksum (that is, it leaks data). Other parts of packet may leak more data about the IP. TCP and IP checksums both refer to the same data, so can get more bits of information out of using both checksums than just using one checksum. Also, one can usually determine the OS from the TTL field and ports in a packet header. If we get hundreds of possible results (16x each masked nibble that is unknown), one can do other things to narrow the results, such as look at packet contents for domain or geo information. With hundreds of results, can import as CSV format into a spreadsheet. Can corelate with geo data and see where each possibility is located. Eric then demoed a real email report with a masked IP packet attached. Was able to find the exact IP address, given the geo and university of the sender. Point is if you're going to mask a packet, do it right. Eric wouldn't usually bother, but do it correctly if at all, to not create a false impression of security. Adventures with weird machines thirty years after "Reflections on Trusting Trust" Sergey Bratus Sergey Bratus, Dartmouth College (and Julian Bangert and Rebecca Shapiro, not present) "Reflections on Trusting Trust" refers to Ken Thompson's classic 1984 paper. "You can't trust code that you did not totally create yourself." There's invisible links in the chain-of-trust, such as "well-installed microcode bugs" or in the compiler, and other planted bugs. Thompson showed how a compiler can introduce and propagate bugs in unmodified source. But suppose if there's no bugs and you trust the author, can you trust the code? Hell No! There's too many factors—it's Babylonian in nature. Why not? Well, Input is not well-defined/recognized (code's assumptions about "checked" input will be violated (bug/vunerabiliy). For example, HTML is recursive, but Regex checking is not recursive. Input well-formed but so complex there's no telling what it does For example, ELF file parsing is complex and has multiple ways of parsing. Input is seen differently by different pieces of program or toolchain Any Input is a program input executes on input handlers (drives state changes & transitions) only a well-defined execution model can be trusted (regex/DFA, PDA, CFG) Input handler either is a "recognizer" for the inputs as a well-defined language (see langsec.org) or it's a "virtual machine" for inputs to drive into pwn-age ELF ABI (UNIX/Linux executible file format) case study. Problems can arise from these steps (without planting bugs): compiler linker loader ld.so/rtld relocator DWARF (debugger info) exceptions The problem is you can't really automatically analyze code (it's the "halting problem" and undecidable). Only solution is to freeze code and sign it. But you can't freeze everything! Can't freeze ASLR or loading—must have tables and metadata. Any sufficiently complex input data is the same as VM byte code Example, ELF relocation entries + dynamic symbols == a Turing Complete Machine (TM). @bxsays created a Turing machine in Linux from relocation data (not code) in an ELF file. For more information, see Rebecca "bx" Shapiro's presentation from last year's Toorcon, "Programming Weird Machines with ELF Metadata" @bxsays did same thing with Mach-O bytecode Or a DWARF exception handling data .eh_frame + glibc == Turning Machine X86 MMU (IDT, GDT, TSS): used address translation to create a Turning Machine. Page handler reads and writes (on page fault) memory. Uses a page table, which can be used as Turning Machine byte code. Example on Github using this TM that will fly a glider across the screen Next Sergey talked about "Parser Differentials". That having one input format, but two parsers, will create confusion and opportunity for exploitation. For example, CSRs are parsed during creation by cert requestor and again by another parser at the CA. Another example is ELF—several parsers in OS tool chain, which are all different. Can have two different Program Headers (PHDRs) because ld.so parses multiple PHDRs. The second PHDR can completely transform the executable. This is described in paper in the first issue of International Journal of PoC. Conclusions trusting computers not only about bugs! Bugs are part of a problem, but no by far all of it complex data formats means bugs no "chain of trust" in Babylon! (that is, with parser differentials) we need to squeeze complexity out of data until data stops being "code equivalent" Further information See and langsec.org. USENIX WOOT 2013 (Workshop on Offensive Technologies) for "weird machines" papers and videos.

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• Free Tools for Network Super-Heroes!

  - by TATWORTH

  At http://www.solarwinds.com/products/solarwinds_free_tools/ there is a comprehensive list of free tools, including the IP Address Tracker that I previously blogged about. Suggest this list to your network administrators! The tools include: http://www.solarwinds.com/products/freetools/permissions_analyzer_for_active_directory/ WMI Monitor VM Console Real-Time NetFlow Analyzer Network Device Monitor Network Config Generator TFTP Server IP Address Tracker VM Monitor Advanced Subnet Calculator Wake-On-Lan

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• PPTP connection disconnect

  - by Vladimir Franciz S. Blando

  My pptp connection wont stay connected, it will disconnect in less than a minute here are some relevant log entries May 31 13:32:31 localhost NetworkManager[931]: <info> Starting VPN service 'pptp'... May 31 13:32:31 localhost NetworkManager[931]: <info> VPN service 'pptp' started (org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.pptp), PID 15216 May 31 13:32:31 localhost NetworkManager[931]: <info> VPN service 'pptp' appeared; activating connections May 31 13:32:31 localhost NetworkManager[931]: <info> VPN plugin state changed: init (1) May 31 13:32:31 localhost NetworkManager[931]: <info> VPN plugin state changed: starting (3) May 31 13:32:31 localhost NetworkManager[931]: <info> VPN connection 'Dynalabs' (Connect) reply received. May 31 13:32:31 localhost pppd[15221]: Plugin /usr/lib/pppd/2.4.5/nm-pptp-pppd-plugin.so loaded. May 31 13:32:31 localhost pppd[15221]: pppd 2.4.5 started by root, uid 0 May 31 13:32:31 localhost pptp[15224]: nm-pptp-service-15216 log[main:pptp.c:314]: The synchronous pptp option is NOT activated May 31 13:32:31 localhost pppd[15221]: Using interface ppp0 May 31 13:32:31 localhost pppd[15221]: Connect: ppp0 <--> /dev/pts/5 May 31 13:32:31 localhost NetworkManager[931]: SCPlugin-Ifupdown: devices added (path: /sys/devices/virtual/net/ppp0, iface: ppp0) May 31 13:32:31 localhost NetworkManager[931]: SCPlugin-Ifupdown: device added (path: /sys/devices/virtual/net/ppp0, iface: ppp0): no ifupdown configuration found. May 31 13:32:32 localhost pptp[15235]: nm-pptp-service-15216 log[ctrlp_rep:pptp_ctrl.c:251]: Sent control packet type is 1 'Start-Control-Connection-Request' May 31 13:32:32 localhost pptp[15235]: nm-pptp-service-15216 log[ctrlp_disp:pptp_ctrl.c:739]: Received Start Control Connection Reply May 31 13:32:32 localhost pptp[15235]: nm-pptp-service-15216 log[ctrlp_disp:pptp_ctrl.c:773]: Client connection established. May 31 13:32:33 localhost pptp[15235]: nm-pptp-service-15216 log[ctrlp_rep:pptp_ctrl.c:251]: Sent control packet type is 7 'Outgoing-Call-Request' May 31 13:32:34 localhost pptp[15235]: nm-pptp-service-15216 log[ctrlp_disp:pptp_ctrl.c:858]: Received Outgoing Call Reply. May 31 13:32:34 localhost pptp[15235]: nm-pptp-service-15216 log[ctrlp_disp:pptp_ctrl.c:897]: Outgoing call established (call ID 0, peer's call ID 1536). May 31 13:32:37 localhost pppd[15221]: CHAP authentication succeeded May 31 13:32:37 localhost kernel: [54007.078553] PPP MPPE Compression module registered May 31 13:32:40 localhost pppd[15221]: MPPE 128-bit stateless compression enabled May 31 13:32:42 localhost pppd[15221]: local IP address 10.100.0.52 May 31 13:32:42 localhost pppd[15221]: remote IP address 10.100.0.1 May 31 13:32:42 localhost pppd[15221]: primary DNS address 4.2.2.1 May 31 13:32:42 localhost pppd[15221]: secondary DNS address 255.255.255.255 May 31 13:32:42 localhost NetworkManager[931]: <info> VPN connection 'Dynalabs' (IP Config Get) reply received. May 31 13:32:42 localhost NetworkManager[931]: <info> VPN Gateway: 103.28.219.2 May 31 13:32:42 localhost NetworkManager[931]: <info> Tunnel Device: ppp0 May 31 13:32:42 localhost NetworkManager[931]: <info> Internal IP4 Address: 10.100.0.52 May 31 13:32:42 localhost NetworkManager[931]: <info> Internal IP4 Prefix: 32 May 31 13:32:42 localhost NetworkManager[931]: <info> Internal IP4 Point-to-Point Address: 10.100.0.1 May 31 13:32:42 localhost NetworkManager[931]: <info> Maximum Segment Size (MSS): 0 May 31 13:32:42 localhost NetworkManager[931]: <info> Forbid Default Route: no May 31 13:32:42 localhost NetworkManager[931]: <info> Internal IP4 DNS: 4.2.2.1 May 31 13:32:42 localhost NetworkManager[931]: <info> Internal IP4 DNS: 255.255.255.255 May 31 13:32:42 localhost NetworkManager[931]: <info> DNS Domain: '(none)' May 31 13:32:43 localhost dnsmasq[2127]: exiting on receipt of SIGTERM May 31 13:32:43 localhost NetworkManager[931]: <info> DNS: starting dnsmasq... May 31 13:32:43 localhost NetworkManager[931]: <info> (ppp0): writing resolv.conf to /sbin/resolvconf May 31 13:32:43 localhost dnsmasq[15290]: error at line 2 of /var/run/nm-dns-dnsmasq.conf May 31 13:32:43 localhost dnsmasq[15290]: FAILED to start up May 31 13:32:43 localhost NetworkManager[931]: <info> VPN connection 'Dynalabs' (IP Config Get) complete. May 31 13:32:43 localhost NetworkManager[931]: <info> Policy set 'Dynalabs' (ppp0) as default for IPv4 routing and DNS. May 31 13:32:43 localhost NetworkManager[931]: <info> VPN plugin state changed: started (4) May 31 13:32:43 localhost NetworkManager[931]: <warn> dnsmasq exited with error: Configuration problem (1) May 31 13:32:43 localhost NetworkManager[931]: <info> (ppp0): writing resolv.conf to /sbin/resolvconf May 31 13:32:43 localhost dbus[872]: [system] Activating service name='org.freedesktop.nm_dispatcher' (using servicehelper) May 31 13:32:43 localhost dbus[872]: [system] Successfully activated service 'org.freedesktop.nm_dispatcher' May 31 13:33:00 localhost ntpdate[15370]: step time server 91.189.94.4 offset -1.110301 sec May 31 13:33:21 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0xd6d6 May 31 13:33:21 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x93aa May 31 13:33:21 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0xcc83 May 31 13:33:21 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x2031 May 31 13:33:21 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x13d4 May 31 13:33:22 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x5b11 May 31 13:33:22 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x414b May 31 13:33:22 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x2f5f May 31 13:33:22 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0xe9ff May 31 13:33:23 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x8e20 May 31 13:33:23 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x8f0 May 31 13:33:23 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0xf166 May 31 13:33:23 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x36e6 May 31 13:33:23 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0xdd19 May 31 13:33:23 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0xda26 May 31 13:33:24 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0xac5 May 31 13:33:24 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x53a5 May 31 13:33:24 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x507e May 31 13:33:24 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x1dc5 May 31 13:33:24 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0xf87b May 31 13:33:24 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x2f27 May 31 13:33:24 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0xd10c May 31 13:33:24 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x66ef May 31 13:33:24 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0xa294 May 31 13:33:24 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0xb15 May 31 13:33:24 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x52a2 May 31 13:33:24 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0xd863 May 31 13:33:24 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x8a96 May 31 13:33:24 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0xde19 May 31 13:33:24 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x9763 May 31 13:33:24 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0xb23 May 31 13:33:24 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x83ca May 31 13:33:24 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x964e May 31 13:33:24 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0xe8ae May 31 13:33:24 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0xf614 May 31 13:33:25 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x9b1 May 31 13:33:25 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0xf086 May 31 13:33:25 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0xbff4 May 31 13:33:25 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x66c5 May 31 13:33:25 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0xe42 May 31 13:33:25 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0xf295 May 31 13:33:25 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x86fe May 31 13:33:26 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x3bc1 May 31 13:33:26 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0xbaad May 31 13:33:26 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x88b5 May 31 13:33:26 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0xd7a May 31 13:33:26 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x30d5 May 31 13:33:26 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x2d8f May 31 13:33:26 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x3933 May 31 13:33:26 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x8d42 May 31 13:33:26 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x4b4 May 31 13:33:26 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0xa205 May 31 13:33:26 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x7cc5 May 31 13:33:26 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x1b6a May 31 13:33:26 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0xf004 May 31 13:33:26 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x21b6 May 31 13:33:26 localhost pppd[15221]: Protocol-Reject for unsupported protocol 0x51eb

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• 10 PowerShell One Liners

  - by BizTalk Visionary

  Here are a few one-liners that use NetCmdlets. Some of these I've blogged about before, some are new. Let me know if you have questions, which ones you find useful, or how you altered these to suit your own needs. Send email to a list of recipient addresses: import-csv users.csv | % { send-email -to $_.email -from [email protected] -subject "Important Email" –message "Hello World!" -server 10.0.1.1 } Show the access control list for a specific Exchange folder: get-imap -server $mymailserver -cred $mycred -folder INBOX.RESUMES –acl Add look and read permissions on an Exchange folder, for a list of accounts pulled from a CSV file: import-csv users.csv | % { set-imap -server -acluser $_.username $mymailserver -cred $mycred -folder INBOX.RESUMES –acl “lr”  } Sync system time with an Internet time server: get-time -server clock.psu.edu –set To remotely sync the time on a set of computers: import-csv computers.csv | % { Invoke-Command -computerName $_.computer -cred $mycred -scriptblock { get-time -server clock.psu.edu –set } } Delete all emails from an Exchange folder that match a certain criteria.  For example, delete all emails from [email protected]: get-imap -server $mailserver –cred $mycred | ? {$_.FromEmail -eq [email protected]} | %{ set-imap -server $mailserver –cred $mycred-message $_.Id -delete } Update Twitter status from PowerShell: get-http –url "http://twitter.com/statuses/update.xml" –cred $mycred -variablename status -variablevalue "Tweeting with NetCmdlets!" A test-path that works over FTP, FTPS (SSL), and SFTP (SSH) connections: get-ftp -server $remoteserver –cred $mycred -path /remote/path/to/checkfor* Don't forget the *.  Also, to use SSL or SSH just add an –ssl or –ssh parameter. List disabled user accounts in Active Directory (or any other LDAP server): get-ldap -server $ad -cred $mycred -dn dc=yourdc -searchscope wholesubtree     -search "(&(objectclass=user)(objectclass=person)(company=*)(userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=2))" List Active Directory groups and their members: get-ldap -server testman -cred $mycred -dn dc=NS2 -searchscope wholesubtree -search "(&(objectclass=group)(cn=*admin*))" | select ResultDN, member Display the last initialization time (e.g. last reboot time) of all discoverable SNMP agents on a network: import-csv computers.csv | % { get-snmp -agent $_.computer -oid sysUpTime.0 | %{([datetime]::Now).AddSeconds(-($_.OIDValue/100))} } Not mentioned here:  data conversion (Yenc, QP, UUencoding, MD5, SHA1, base64, etc), DNS, News Groups (NNTP/UseNet), POP mail, RSS feeds, Amazon S3, Syslog, TFTP, TraceRoute, SNMP Traps, UDP, WebDAV, whois, Rexec/Rshell/Telnet, Zip files, sending IMs (Jabber/GoogleTalk/XMPP), sending text messages and pages, ping, and more. Original Source: Lance's Textbox

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• Keep Track of Your Tasks with toDoo

  - by Asian Angel

  A tasks list can be convenient but most times you can not include details for those tasks or have to have an online account to do so. If you want to keep your tasks list with you on your computer or laptop and be able to add plenty of details then you might want to look at toDoo. Note: Requires Adobe AIR (download link at bottom of article). toDoo in Action Once you have installed toDoo everything is rather straightforward for getting started. The first time that you start toDoo there will be a temporary “fill-in” for the “Subject & Details Areas”. Simply highlight over the temporary text and add your information. Notice that if desired you can easily set a custom date and time for your tasks right below the “Details Area”. Note: toDoo does not minimize to the “System Tray”. Once you have everything set all that you need to do is click on “add task”. Here was our first new task being viewed in the “toDoo Description Tab”. Time to add a second task…here you can see the drop-down calendar. You can scroll through and select a different month very easily…just click on the desired day and it will be automatically set. Adding our second task… If you need to edit any of the details for a particular task you can do so in the “Edit toDoo Tab”. This nice little app is convenient and easy to use. Conclusion ToDoo is a simple straightforward app that lets you keep track of your tasks list and relevant details without an online account (especially helpful if you are without a wireless connection at a given moment). If you are looking for more of a list approach that runs on your desktop, then check out our article on Doomi here. Links Download ToDoo at Softpedia Download ToDoo at Adobe Marketplace Download Adobe AIR Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Turn Chrome’s New Tab Page into a Google Tasks PageMake To-Do Bar in Outlook 2007 Show Only Today’s TasksAdd a non-Google Tasks List to ChromeKeep Track of Homework Assignments with SoshikuTrack the Amount of Time You Spend Online in Firefox TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips DVDFab 6 Revo Uninstaller Pro Registry Mechanic 9 for Windows PC Tools Internet Security Suite 2010 Download Videos from Hulu Pixels invade Manhattan Convert PDF files to ePub to read on your iPad Hide Your Confidential Files Inside Images Get Wildlife Photography Tips at BBC’s PhotoMasterClasses Mashpedia is a Real-time Encyclopedia

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• MVC's Html.DropDownList and "There is no ViewData item of type 'IEnumerable<SelectListItem>' that has the key '...'

  - by pjohnson

  ASP.NET MVC's HtmlHelper extension methods take out a lot of the HTML-by-hand drudgery to which MVC re-introduced us former WebForms programmers. Another thing to which MVC re-introduced us is poor documentation, after the excellent documentation for most of the rest of ASP.NET and the .NET Framework which I now realize I'd taken for granted. I'd come to regard using HtmlHelper methods instead of writing HTML by hand as a best practice. When I upgraded a project from MVC 3 to MVC 4, several hidden fields with boolean values broke, because MVC 3 called ToString() on those values implicitly, and MVC 4 threw an exception until you called ToString() explicitly. Fields that used HtmlHelper weren't affected. I then went through dozens of views and manually replaced hidden inputs that had been coded by hand with Html.Hidden calls. So for a dropdown list I was rendering on the initial page as empty, then populating via JavaScript after an AJAX call, I tried to use a HtmlHelper method: @Html.DropDownList("myDropdown") which threw an exception: System.InvalidOperationException: There is no ViewData item of type 'IEnumerable<SelectListItem>' that has the key 'myDropdown'. That's funny--I made no indication I wanted to use ViewData. Why was it looking there? Just render an empty select list for me. When I populated the list with items, it worked, but I didn't want to do that: @Html.DropDownList("myDropdown", new List<SelectListItem>() { new SelectListItem() { Text = "", Value = "" } }) I removed this dummy item in JavaScript after the AJAX call, so this worked fine, but I shouldn't have to give it a list with a dummy item when what I really want is an empty select. A bit of research with JetBrains dotPeek (helpfully recommended by Scott Hanselman) revealed the problem. Html.DropDownList requires some sort of data to render or it throws an error. The documentation hints at this but doesn't make it very clear. Behind the scenes, it checks if you've provided the DropDownList method any data. If you haven't, it looks in ViewData. If it's not there, you get the exception above. In my case, the helper wasn't doing much for me anyway, so I reverted to writing the HTML by hand (I ain't scared), and amended my best practice: When an HTML control has an associated HtmlHelper method and you're populating that control with data on the initial view, use the HtmlHelper method instead of writing by hand.

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• Working with Visual Studio Web Development Server and IE6 in XP Mode on Windows 7

  - by Igor Milovanovic

  (Brian Reiter from  thoughtful computing has described this setup in this StackOverflow thread. The credit for the idea is entirely his, I have just extended it with some step by step descriptions and added some links and screenhots.)   If you are forced  to still support Internet Explorer 6, you can setup following combination on your machine to make the development for it less painful. A common problem if you are developing on Windows 7 is that you can’t install IE6 on your machine. (Not that you want that anyway). So you will probably end up working locally with IE8 and FF, and test your IE6 compatibility on a separate machine. This can get quite annoying, because you will have to maintain two different development environments, not have all the tools available, etc.   You can help yourself by installing IE6 in a Windows 7 XP Mode, which is basically just an Windows XP running in a virtual machine.   [1] Windows XP Mode installation   After you have installed and configured your XP mode (remember the security settings like Windows Update and antivirus software), you can add the shortcut to the IE6 in the virtual machine to the “all users” start menu. This shortcut will be replicated to your windows 7 XP mode start menu, and you will be able to seamlessly start your IE 6 as a normal window on your Windows 7 desktop.   [2] Configure IE6 for the Windows 7 installation   If you configure your XP – Mode to use (Shared Networking)  NAT, you can now use IE6 to browse the sites in the internet. (add proxy settings to IE6 if necessary)                       The problem now is that you can’t connect to the webdev server which is running on your local machine. This is because web development server is crippled to allow only local connections for security reasons.   In order to trick webdev in believing that the requests are coming from local machine itself you can use a light weight proxy like privoxy on your host (windows 7) machine and configure the IE6 running in the virtual host.   The first step is to make the host machine (running windows 7) reachable from the virtual machine (running XP). In order to do that, you can install the loopback adapter, and configure it to use an IP which is routable from the virtual machine. In example screenshot (192.168.1.66).   [3] How to install loopback adapter in Windows 7   After installation you can assign a static IP which is routable from the virtual machine (in example 192.168.1.66)                     The next step is to configure privoxy to listen on that IP address (using some not used port, in example, the default port 8118)   Change following line in config.txt:   # #      Suppose you are running Privoxy on an IPv6-capable machine and #      you want it to listen on the IPv6 address of the loopback device: # #        listen-address [::1]:8118 # # listen-address  192.168.1.66:8118   The last step is to configure the IE6 to use Privoxy which is running on your Windows 7 host machine as proxy for all addresses (including localhost)                             And now you can use your Windows7 XP Mode IE6 to connect to your Visual Studio’s webdev web server.                         [4] http://stackoverflow.com/questions/683151/connect-remotely-to-webdev-webserver-exe

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• Networking in VirtualBox

  - by Fat Bloke

  Networking in VirtualBox is extremely powerful, but can also be a bit daunting, so here's a quick overview of the different ways you can setup networking in VirtualBox, with a few pointers as to which configurations should be used and when. VirtualBox allows you to configure up to 8 virtual NICs (Network Interface Controllers) for each guest vm (although only 4 are exposed in the GUI) and for each of these NICs you can configure: Which virtualized NIC-type is exposed to the Guest. Examples include: Intel PRO/1000 MT Server (82545EM),  AMD PCNet FAST III (Am79C973, the default) or  a Paravirtualized network adapter (virtio-net). How the NIC operates with respect to your Host's physical networking. The main modes are: Network Address Translation (NAT) Bridged networking Internal networking Host-only networking NAT with Port-forwarding The choice of NIC-type comes down to whether the guest has drivers for that NIC.  VirtualBox, suggests a NIC based on the guest OS-type that you specify during creation of the vm, and you rarely need to modify this. But the choice of networking mode depends on how you want to use your vm (client or server) and whether you want other machines on your network to see it. So let's look at each mode in a bit more detail... Network Address Translation (NAT) This is the default mode for new vm's and works great in most situations when the Guest is a "client" type of vm. (i.e. most network connections are outbound). Here's how it works: When the guest OS boots,  it typically uses DHCP to get an IP address. VirtualBox will field this DHCP request and tell the guest OS its assigned IP address and the gateway address for routing outbound connections. In this mode, every vm is assigned the same IP address (10.0.2.15) because each vm thinks they are on their own isolated network. And when they send their traffic via the gateway (10.0.2.2) VirtualBox rewrites the packets to make them appear as though they originated from the Host, rather than the Guest (running inside the Host). This means that the Guest will work even as the Host moves from network to network (e.g. laptop moving between locations), and from wireless to wired connections too. However, how does another computer initiate a connection into a Guest?  e.g. connecting to a web server running in the Guest. This is not (normally) possible using NAT mode as there is no route into the Guest OS. So for vm's running servers we need a different networking mode.... Bridged Networking Bridged Networking is used when you want your vm to be a full network citizen, i.e. to be an equal to your host machine on the network. In this mode, a virtual NIC is "bridged" to a physical NIC on your host, like this: The effect of this is that each VM has access to the physical network in the same way as your host. It can access any service on the network such as external DHCP services, name lookup services, and routing information just as the host does. Logically, the network looks like this: The downside of this mode is that if you run many vm's you can quickly run out of IP addresses or your network administrator gets fed up with you asking for statically assigned IP addresses. Secondly, if your host has multiple physical NICs (e.g. Wireless and Wired) you must reconfigure the bridge when your host jumps networks.  Hmm, so what if you want to run servers in vm's but don't want to involve your network administrator? Maybe one of the next 2 modes is for you... Internal Networking When you configure one or more vm's to sit on an Internal network, VirtualBox ensures that all traffic on that network stays within the host and is only visible to vm's on that virtual network. Configuration looks like this: The internal network ( in this example "intnet" ) is a totally isolated network and so is very "quiet". This is good for testing when you need a separate, clean network, and you can create sophisticated internal networks with vm's that provide their own services to the internal network. (e.g. Active Directory, DHCP, etc). Note that not even the Host is a member of the internal network, but this mode allows vm's to function even when the Host is not connected to a network (e.g. on a plane). Note that in this mode, VirtualBox provides no "convenience" services such as DHCP, so your machines must be statically configured or one of the vm's needs to provide a DHCP/Name service. Multiple internal networks are possible and you can configure vm's to have multiple NICs to sit across internal and other network modes and thereby provide routes if needed. But all this sounds tricky. What if you want an Internal Network that the host participates on with VirtualBox providing IP addresses to the Guests? Ah, then for this, you might want to consider Host-only Networking... Host-only Networking Host-only Networking is like Internal Networking in that you indicate which network the Guest sits on, in this case, "vboxnet0": All vm's sitting on this "vboxnet0" network will see each other, and additionally, the host can see these vm's too. However, other external machines cannot see Guests on this network, hence the name "Host-only". Logically, the network looks like this: This looks very similar to Internal Networking but the host is now on "vboxnet0" and can provide DHCP services. To configure how a Host-only network behaves, look in the VirtualBox Manager...Preferences...Network dialog: Port-Forwarding with NAT Networking Now you may think that we've provided enough modes here to handle every eventuality but here's just one more... What if you cart around a mobile-demo or dev environment on, say, a laptop and you have one or more vm's that you need other machines to connect into? And you are continually hopping onto different (customer?) networks. In this scenario: NAT - won't work because external machines need to connect in. Bridged - possibly an option, but does your customer want you eating IP addresses and can your software cope with changing networks? Internal - we need the vm(s) to be visible on the network, so this is no good. Host-only - same problem as above, we want external machines to connect in to the vm's. Enter Port-forwarding to save the day! Configure your vm's to use NAT networking; Add Port Forwarding rules; External machines connect to "host":"port number" and connections are forwarded by VirtualBox to the guest:port number specified. For example, if your vm runs a web server on port 80, you could set up rules like this:  ...which reads: "any connections on port 8080 on the Host will be forwarded onto this vm's port 80".  This provides a mobile demo system which won't need re-configuring every time you open your laptop lid. Summary VirtualBox has a very powerful set of options allowing you to set up almost any configuration your heart desires. For more information, check out the VirtualBox User Manual on Virtual Networking. -FB 

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• Make the Firefox Awesome Bar Semi-Transparent Like Google Chrome

  - by Matthew Guay

  Would you like to make the Firefox Awesome Bar drop-down menu semi-transparent like in Google Chrome?  Here’s a quick trick that can make your Firefox Awesome Bar a bit more awesome. When you type an address or search query into the address bar in Google Chrome, the drop-down list of history and search suggestions that appears is slightly transparent.  Nothing extreme, but it adds a nice touch. Firefox’s Awesome bar, on the other hand, is fully opaque by default. We can change that with a simple change.  Exit Firefox, then open your Firefox profile folder by entering the following in the address bar in Explorer or in the Run command: %appdata%\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\ Open the default folder, and then open the Chrome folder in it. Now, open the userChrome.css file in an editor such as Notepad.  If you do not have a userChrome.css file, open the userChrome-example.css file instead. Now, add the following to the end of the file: #PopupAutoCompleteRichResult[type="autocomplete-richlistbox"]{    opacity: 0.9 !important;} You can change the opacity value, but 0.9 seemed the closest to Chrome’s transparency while keeping the text readable. Save the file as userChrome.css in that same folder.  If you’re editing with Notepad, make sure to select to save as All Files so the file won’t be saved with a .txt extension. Open Firefox, and now your Awesome Bar’s drop-down list will be transparent.  Actually, it may look even more awesome than Google Chrome’s address bar! Conclusion With this simple trick, you can make your Firefox Awesome bar a bit more awesome.  With tweaks like this, it’s no wonder Firefox is still so popular. Special thanks to Daniel Spiewak for the tip! Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Stupid Geek Tricks: Compare Your Browser’s Memory Usage with Google ChromeHow to Make Google Chrome Your Default BrowserEnable Vista Black Style Theme for Google Chrome in XPMake your Gnome Terminal Background (mostly)Transparent on UbuntuStop YouTube Videos from Automatically Playing in Chrome TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips Xobni Plus for Outlook All My Movies 5.9 CloudBerry Online Backup 1.5 for Windows Home Server Snagit 10 Use ILovePDF To Split and Merge PDF Files TimeToMeet is a Simple Online Meeting Planning Tool Easily Create More Bookmark Toolbars in Firefox Filevo is a Cool File Hosting & Sharing Site Get a free copy of WinUtilities Pro 2010 World Cup Schedule

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