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  • How do I do a semijoin using SQLAlchemy?

    - by Jason Baker
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_algebra#Semijoin Let's say that I have two tables: A and B. I want to make a query that would work similarly to the following SQL statement using the SQLAlchemy orm: SELECT A.* FROM A, B WHERE A.id = B.id AND B.type = 'some type'; The thing is that I'm trying to separate out A and B's logic into different places. So I'd like to make two queries that I can define in separate places: one where A uses B as a subquery, but only returns rows from A. I'm sure this is fairly easy to do, but an example would be nice if someone could show me.

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  • Reordering fields in Django model

    - by Alex Lebedev
    I want to add few fields to every model in my django application. This time it's created_at, updated_at and notes. Duplicating code for every of 20+ models seems dumb. So, I decided to use abstract base class which would add these fields. The problem is that fields inherited from abstract base class come first in the field list in admin. Declaring field order for every ModelAdmin class is not an option, it's even more duplicate code than with manual field declaration. In my final solution, I modified model constructor to reorder fields in _meta before creating new instance: class MyModel(models.Model): # Service fields notes = my_fields.NotesField() created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) class Meta: abstract = True last_fields = ("notes", "created_at", "updated_at") def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): new_order = [f.name for f in self._meta.fields] for field in self.last_fields: new_order.remove(field) new_order.append(field) self._meta._field_name_cache.sort(key=lambda x: new_order.index(x.name)) super(TwangooModel, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) class ModelA(MyModel): field1 = models.CharField() field2 = models.CharField() #etc ... It works as intended, but I'm wondering, is there a better way to acheive my goal?

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  • Pygame single push event

    - by Miller92Time
    in Pygame i am trying to translate an image by 10% in each direction using each arrow key. right now the code i am using moves the image as long as the key is pushed down, what I want is for it to move only once regardless if the key is still pushed down or not. if event.type == KEYDOWN: if (event.key == K_RIGHT): DISPLAYSURF.fill((255,255,255)) #Clears the screen translation_x(100) draw(1) if (event.key == K_LEFT): DISPLAYSURF.fill((255,255,255)) #Clears the screen translation_x(-100) draw(2) if (event.key == K_UP): DISPLAYSURF.fill((255,255,255)) #Clears the screen translation_y(100) draw(3) if (event.key == K_DOWN): DISPLAYSURF.fill((255,255,255)) #Clears the screen translation_y(-100) draw(4) is there a simpler way of implementing this besides using time.sleep

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  • Clear sqlalchemy reflection cache

    - by OrganicPanda
    Hi all, I'm using sqlalchemy's reflection tools to get a Table object. I do this because these tables are dynamic and tables/columns can change. Here's the code I'm using: def getTableByReflection(self, tableName, metadata, engine): return Table(tableName, metadata, autoload = True, autoload_with = engine) The problem is that when the above code is run twice it seems to return the same results regardless of whether or not the columns have changed. I have tried refreshing using the mysession.refresh(mytable) but that fails because the table is not attached to any metadata - which makes sense but then why am I seeing cached results? Is there any way to tell the metadata/engine/session to forget about this table and let me load it cleanly?

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  • Many-to-one relationship in SQLAlchemy

    - by Arrieta
    This is a beginner-level question. I have a catalog of mtypes: mtype_id name 1 'mtype1' 2 'mtype2' [etc] and a catalog of Objects, which must have an associated mtype: obj_id mtype_id name 1 1 'obj1' 2 1 'obj2' 3 2 'obj3' [etc] I am trying to do this in SQLAlchemy by creating the following schemas: mtypes_table = Table('mtypes', metadata, Column('mtype_id', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('name', String(50), nullable=False, unique=True), ) objs_table = Table('objects', metadata, Column('obj_id', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('mtype_id', None, ForeignKey('mtypes.mtype_id')), Column('name', String(50), nullable=False, unique=True), ) mapper(MType, mtypes_table) mapper(MyObject, objs_table, properties={'mtype':Relationship(MType, backref='objs', cascade="all, delete-orphan")} ) When I try to add a simple element like: mtype1 = MType('mtype1') obj1 = MyObject('obj1') obj1.mtype=mtype1 session.add(obj1) I get the error: AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'cascade_iterator' Any ideas?

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  • Programmatic binding of accelerators in wxPython

    - by Inductiveload
    I am trying to programmatically create and bind a table of accelerators in wxPython in a loop so that I don't need to worry about getting and assigning new IDs to each accelerators (and with a view to inhaling the handler list from some external resource, rather than hard-coding them). I also pass in some arguments to the handler via a lambda since a lot of my handlers will be the same but with different parameters (move, zoom, etc). The class is subclassed from wx.Frame and setup_accelerators() is called during initialisation. def setup_accelerators(self): bindings = [ (wx.ACCEL_CTRL, wx.WXK_UP, self.on_move, 'up'), (wx.ACCEL_CTRL, wx.WXK_DOWN, self.on_move, 'down'), (wx.ACCEL_CTRL, wx.WXK_LEFT, self.on_move, 'left'), (wx.ACCEL_CTRL, wx.WXK_RIGHT, self.on_move, 'right'), ] accelEntries = [] for binding in bindings: eventId = wx.NewId() accelEntries.append( (binding[0], binding[1], eventId) ) self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, lambda event: binding[2](event, binding[3]), id=eventId) accelTable = wx.AcceleratorTable(accelEntries) self.SetAcceleratorTable(accelTable) def on_move(self, e, direction): print direction However, this appears to bind all the accelerators to the last entry, so that Ctrl+Up prints "right", as do all the other three. How to correctly bind multiple handlers in this way?

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  • Django throws 404 at generic views

    - by x0rg
    I'm trying to get the generic views for a date-based archive working in django. I defined the urls as described in a tutorial, but django returns a 404 error whenever I want to access an url with a variable (such as month or year) in it. It don't even produces a TemplateDoesNotExist-execption. Normal urls without variables work fine. Here's my urlconf: from django.conf.urls.defaults import * from zurichlive.zhl.models import Event info_dict = { 'queryset': Event.objects.all(), 'date_field': 'date', 'allow_future': 'True', } urlpatterns += patterns('django.views.generic.date_based', (r'events/(?P<year>d{4})/(?P<month>[a-z]{3})/(?P<day>w{1,2})/(?P<slug>[-w]+)/$', 'object_detail', dict(info_dict, slug_field='slug',template_name='archive/detail.html')), (r'^events/(?P<year>d{4})/(?P<month>[a-z]{3})/(?P<day>w{1,2})/(?P<slug>[-w]+)/$', 'object_detail', dict(info_dict, template_name='archive/list.html')), (r'^events/(?P<year>d{4})/(?P<month>[a-z]{3})/(?P<day>w{1,2})/$','archive_day',dict(info_dict,template_name='archive/list.html')), (r'^events/(?P<year>d{4})/(?P<month>[a-z]{3})/$','archive_month', dict(info_dict, template_name='archive/list.html')), (r'^events/(?P<year>)/$','archive_year', dict(info_dict, template_name='archive/list.html')), (r'^events/$','archive_index', dict(info_dict, template_name='archive/list.html')), ) When I access /events/2010/may/12/this-is-a-slug I should get to the detail.html template, but instead I get a 404. What am I doing wrong?

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  • make a tree based on the key of each element in list.

    - by cocobear
    >>> s [{'000000': [['apple', 'pear']]}, {'100000': ['good', 'bad']}, {'200000': ['yeah', 'ogg']}, {'300000': [['foo', 'foo']]}, {'310000': [['#'], ['#']]}, {'320000': ['$', ['1']]}, {'321000': [['abc', 'abc']]}, {'322000': [['#'], ['#']]}, {'400000': [['yeah', 'baby']]}] >>> for i in s: ... print i ... {'000000': [['apple', 'pear']]} {'100000': ['good', 'bad']} {'200000': ['yeah', 'ogg']} {'300000': [['foo', 'foo']]} {'310000': [['#'], ['#']]} {'320000': ['$', ['1']]} {'321000': [['abc', 'abc']]} {'322000': [['#'], ['#']]} {'400000': [['yeah', 'baby']]} i want to make a tree based on the key of each element in list. result in logic will be: {'000000': [['apple', 'pear']]} {'100000': ['good', 'bad']} {'200000': ['yeah', 'ogg']} {'300000': [['foo', 'foo']]} {'310000': [['#'], ['#']]} {'320000': ['$', ['1']]} {'321000': [['abc', 'abc']]} {'322000': [['#'], ['#']]} {'400000': [['yeah', 'baby']]} perhaps a nested list can implement this or I need a tree type?

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  • Finding a Eulerian Tour

    - by user590903
    I am trying to solve a problem on Udacity described as follows: # Find Eulerian Tour # # Write a function that takes in a graph # represented as a list of tuples # and return a list of nodes that # you would follow on an Eulerian Tour # # For example, if the input graph was # [(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1)] # A possible Eulerian tour would be [1, 2, 3, 1] I came up with the following solution, which, while not as elegant as some of the recursive algorithms, does seem to work within my test case. def find_eulerian_tour(graph): tour = [] start_vertex = graph[0][0] tour.append(start_vertex) while len(graph) > 0: current_vertex = tour[len(tour) - 1] for edge in graph: if current_vertex in edge: if edge[0] == current_vertex: current_vertex = edge[1] else: current_vertex = edge[0] graph.remove(edge) tour.append(current_vertex) break return tour graph = [(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1)] print find_eulerian_tour(graph) >> [1, 2, 3, 1] However, when submitting this, I get rejected by the grader. I am doing something wrong? I can't see any errors.

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  • How to join list of strings?

    - by satsurae
    Hi all, This is probably seriously easy to solve for most of you but I cannot solve this simply putting str() around it can I? I would like to convert this list: ['A','B','C'] into 'A B C'. Thanks in advance!!

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  • Change|Assign parent for the Model instance on Google App Engine Datastore

    - by Vladimir Prudnikov
    Is it possible to change or assign new parent to the Model instance that already in datastore? For example I need something like this task = db.get(db.Key(task_key)) project = db.get(db.Key(project_key)) task.parent = project task.put() but it doesn't works this way because task.parent is built-in method. I was thinking about creating a new Key instance for the task but there is no way to change key as well. Any thoughts?

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  • I'm getting the following error ''expected an indented block'' Where is the failing code?

    - by user1833814
    import math def area(base, height): '''(number,number) -> number Return the area of a wirh given base and height. >>>area(10,40) 200.0 ''' return base * height / 2 def perimeter(side1, side2, side3): '''(number,number,number) -> number Return the perimeter of the triangle with sides of length side1,side2 and side3. >>>perimeter(3,4,5) 12 >>>perimeter(10.5,6,9.3) 25.8 ''' return (side1 + side2 + side3) def semiperimeter(side1, side2, side3): return perimeter(side1, side2, side3) / 2 def area_hero(side1, side2, side3): semi = semiperimeter(side1, side2, side3) area = math.sqrt((semi * (semi - side1) * (semi - side2) * (semi - side3)) return area

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  • How to insert several thousand columns into sqlite3?

    - by user291071
    Similar to my last question, but I ran into problem lets say I have a simple dictionary like below but its Big, when I try inserting a big dictionary using the methods below I get operational error for the c.execute(schema) for too many columns so what should be my alternate method to populate an sql databases columns? Using the alter table command and add each one individually? import sqlite3 con = sqlite3.connect('simple.db') c = con.cursor() dic = { 'x1':{'y1':1.0,'y2':0.0}, 'x2':{'y1':0.0,'y2':2.0,'joe bla':1.5}, 'x3':{'y2':2.0,'y3 45 etc':1.5} } # 1. Find the unique column names. columns = set() for _, cols in dic.items(): for key, _ in cols.items(): columns.add(key) # 2. Create the schema. col_defs = [ # Start with the column for our key name '"row_name" VARCHAR(2) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY' ] for column in columns: col_defs.append('"%s" REAL NULL' % column) schema = "CREATE TABLE simple (%s);" % ",".join(col_defs) c.execute(schema) # 3. Loop through each row for row_name, cols in dic.items(): # Compile the data we have for this row. col_names = cols.keys() col_values = [str(val) for val in cols.values()] # Insert it. sql = 'INSERT INTO simple ("row_name", "%s") VALUES ("%s", "%s");' % ( '","'.join(col_names), row_name, '","'.join(col_values) )

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  • Django. default=datetime.now() problem

    - by Shamanu4
    Hello. I've such db model: from datetime import datetime class TermPayment(models.Model): dev_session = models.ForeignKey(DeviceSession, related_name='payments') user_session = models.ForeignKey(UserSession, related_name='payment') date = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now(),blank=True) sum = models.FloatField(default=0) cnt = models.IntegerField(default=0) class Meta: db_table = 'term_payments' ordering = ['-date'] and here new instance is added: # ... tp = TermPayment() tp.dev_session = self.conn.session # device session hash tp.user_session = self.session # user session hash tp.sum = sum tp.cnt = cnt tp.save() But i've a problem: all records in database have the same value in date field - the date of the first payment. After server restart - one record have new date and others have the same as first after restart. It's look like some data cache is using but I can't found where. database: mysql 5.1.25 django v1.1.1

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  • Django template context not working with imported class

    - by Andy Hume
    I'm using Django's templating on appengine, and am having a problem whereby a class I'm importing from another package is not correctly being made available to the template context. Broadly speaking, this is the code. The prop1 is not available in the template in the first example below, but is in the second. MyClass is identical in both cases. This does not work: from module import MyClass context = MyClass() self.response.out.write(template.render(path, context)) This does: class MyClass(object): def __init__(self): self.prop1 = "prop1" context = MyClass() self.response.out.write(template.render(path, context)) If I log the context in the above code I get: <module.MyClass object at 0x107b1e450> when it's imported, and: <__main__.MyClass object at 0x103759390> when it's defined in the same file. Any clues as to what might cause this kind of behaviour?

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  • How To Collapse Just One Field in Django Admin?

    - by Apreche
    The django admin allows you to specify fieldsets. You properly structure a tuple that groups different fields together. You can also specify classes for certain groups of fields. One of those classes is collapse, which will hide the field under a collapsable area. This is good for hiding rarely used or advanced fields to keep the UI clean. However, I have a situation where I want to hide just one lonesome field on many different apps. This will be a lot of typing to create a full fieldset specification in every admin.py file just to put one field into the collapsed area. It also creates a difficult maintenance situation because I will have to edit the fieldset every time I edit the associated model. I can easily exclude the field entirely using the exclude option. I want something similar for collapse. Is this possible?

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  • UDP security and identifying incoming data.

    - by Charles
    I have been creating an application using UDP for transmitting and receiving information. The problem I am running into is security. Right now I am using the IP/socketid in determining what data belongs to whom. However, I have been reading about how people could simply spoof their IP, then just send data as a specific IP. So this seems to be the wrong way to do it (insecure). So how else am I suppose to identify what data belongs to what users? For instance you have 10 users connected, all have specific data. The server would need to match the user data to this data we received. The only way I can see to do this is to use some sort of client/server key system and encrypt the data. I am curious as to how other applications (or games, since that's what this application is) make sure their data is genuine. Also there is the fact that encryption takes much longer to process than unencrypted. Although I am not sure by how much it will affect performance. Any information would be appreciated. Thanks.

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  • urllib open - how to control the number of retries

    - by user1641071
    how can i control the number of retries of the "opener.open"? for example, in the following code, it will send about 6 "GET" HTTP requests (i saw it in the Wireshark sniffer) before it goes to the " except urllib.error.URLError" success/no-success lines. password_mgr = urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm() password_mgr.add_password(None,url, username, password) handler = urllib.request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_mgr) opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler) try: resp = opener.open(url,None,1) except urllib.error.URLError as e: print ("no success") else: print ("success!")

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  • Appengine Model SelfReferenceProperty and parent child relationship

    - by GeekTantra
    I have a scenario in which I need a self reference property as follow: class Post(db.Model): creator = db.UserProperty() post_title = db.StringProperty(required=True) post_status = db.StringProperty(required=True, choices=['draft', 'published']) post_parent = db.SelfReferenceProperty() Now, I want ensure that an entity shouldn't be its own parent and a child of an entity cannot be its parent. How can I ensure this kind of a relationship in the PostForm model form and the Post model.

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  • Setting custom SQL in django admin

    - by eugene y
    I'm trying to set up a proxy model in django admin. It will represent a subset of the original model. The code from models.py: class MyManager(models.Manager): def get_query_set(self): return super(MyManager, self).get_query_set().filter(some_column='value') class MyModel(OrigModel): objects = MyManager() class Meta: proxy = True Now instead of filter() I need to use a complex SELECT statement with JOINS. What's the proper way to inject it wholly to the custom manager?

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  • Flask Admin didn't show all fields

    - by twoface88
    I have model like this: class User(db.Model): __tablename__ = 'users' __table_args__ = {'mysql_engine' : 'InnoDB', 'mysql_charset' : 'utf8'} id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True) username = db.Column(db.String(80), unique=True) email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True) _password = db.Column('password', db.String(80)) def __init__(self, username = None, email = None, password = None): self.username = username self.email = email self._set_password(password) def _set_password(self, password): self._password = generate_password_hash(password) def _get_password(self): return self._password def check_password(self, password): return check_password_hash(self._password, password) password = db.synonym("_password", descriptor=property(_get_password, _set_password)) def __repr__(self): return '<User %r>' % self.username I have ModelView: class UserAdmin(sqlamodel.ModelView): searchable_columns = ('username', 'email') excluded_list_columns = ['password'] list_columns = ('username', 'email') form_columns = ('username', 'email', 'password') But no matter what i do, flask admin didn't show password field when i'm editing user info. Is there any way ? Even just to edit hash code. UPDATE: https://github.com/mrjoes/flask-admin/issues/78

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  • reading specific lines from a file

    - by MacUsers
    What's the best way of reading only the specific lines (based on matching text) from a file? This is what I'm doing now: match_txt = "lhcb" for inFile in os.listdir('.'): readFile = open(inFile, 'r') lines = readFile.readlines() readFile.close() for line in lines: if line.find(match_txt)==0: #< do stuff here > i.e. I'm reading the lines, only with "lhcb" in it, from all the files in the present directory one by one. Is it the best way of doing that? Can it be done without loading the whole file in the memory in the first place?

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