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• optimizing any OS for maximum informix client/server performance

  - by Frank Developer

  Is there any Informix documentation for optimizing any operating system where an ifx engine is running? For example, in Linux, strip-down to a bare minimum all unnecessary binaries, daemons, utilities, tune kernel parameters, optimize raw and cooked devices (hdparm), place swap space on beginning tracks of a disk, etc. Someday, maybe, Informix can create its own proprietary and dedicated PICK-like O/S to provide the most optimized environment for a standalone ifx server? The general idea is for the OS where ifx sits on have the smallest footprint and lowest overhead impact.

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• Run a shell command from Django

  - by Badifunky

  Hello, I'm developing a web page in Django (using apache server) that needs to call a shell command to enable/dissable some daemons. I'm try to do it with os.system(service httpd restart 1>$HOME/out 2>$HOME/error) and this command doesn't return anything. Any idea how can i fix this?

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• Cyrus IMAP: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused

  - by Nick

  I'm working on setting up a Cyrus 2.2 IMAP server on Ubuntu Server 9.04. If I telnet from the server itself: # telnet localhost imap I get: * OK IMAP Cyrus IMAP4 v2.2.13-Debian-2.2.13-14ubuntu3 server ready Which is what I should be seeing. If I try from another machine on the network: telnet 192.168.5.122 imap I get: telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused UPDATE: From /etc/cyrus.conf # add or remove based on preferences imap cmd="imapd -U 30" listen="imap" prefork=0 maxchild=100 imaps cmd="imapd -s -U 30" listen="imaps" prefork=0 maxchild=100 #pop3 cmd="pop3d -U 30" listen="pop3" prefork=0 maxchild=50 #pop3s cmd="pop3d -s -U 30" listen="pop3s" prefork=0 maxchild=50 #nntp cmd="nntpd -U 30" listen="nntp" prefork=0 maxchild=100 #nntps cmd="nntpd -s -U 30" listen="nntps" prefork=0 maxchild=100 To the best of my knowledge, there is no firewall running on the box. I've tried restarting the saslauthd and cyrus2.2 daemons, with no effect. What else can I try?

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• Generate TFTP Content on the fly?

  - by andyortlieb

  I know this isn't the purpose of TFTP, but I'm working in an environment where a lot of different types of devices pull provisioning info from a TFTP server. What I'm developing is a provisioning system that tracks and maintains device configurations, and I would like to have the requested files generated on the fly, much like you could do with any web application. Yes some of these devices can support HTTP for provisioning, but not all of them do, and we want things to be consistent. Are there any TFTP daemons that can provide something analogous to CGI?

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• Cyrus IMAP: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused

  - by Nick

  I'm working on setting up a Cyrus 2.2 IMAP server on Ubuntu Server 9.04. If I telnet from the server itself: # telnet localhost imap I get: * OK IMAP Cyrus IMAP4 v2.2.13-Debian-2.2.13-14ubuntu3 server ready Which is what I should be seeing. If I try from another machine on the network: telnet 192.168.5.122 imap I get: telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused To the best of my knowledge, there is no firewall running on the box. I've tried restarting the saslauthd and cyrus2.2 daemons, with no effect. What else can I try?

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• NRPE and the $USER1$ variable

  - by timbrigham

  I have NRPE daemons running on all of my remote Linux boxes. I have a couple configurations in place and I'm trying to standardize the paths in my nrpe.cfg. The changes are deployed via Puppet. I would like to use the following syntax: command[mycommand]=$USER1$/check_tcp .. etc. The $USER1$ variable is not available in my NRPE setup. I could write Puppet templates for all the variants but I would much prefer to manage this through a native method. Is there anything available to do so? If not does anyone have a sample Puppet config that will address this?

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• Apache not running from rc.d on FreeBSD

  - by Oksana Molotova

  I'm using FreeBSD 8.3 and Apache 2.2. I didn't install Apache from ports, instead compiled it from source because I wanted to move the binary and configuration to a different path (I'm centering all of the major production daemons and their configurations in a single place). In any case, I based the /usr/local/etc/rc.d/apache22 file on one from a different server where it was installed from ports, I only modified the binary and config paths within. I can manually execute it with /usr/local/etc/rc.d/apache22 start, however even with apache22_enable="YES" in /etc/rc.conf it fails to start. All permissions and ownership are identical to the other server where it works. What am I missing and is there a way to debug this kind of thing?

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• RHEL 5/CentOS 5 - sshd becomes unresponsive

  - by ewwhite

  I have a number of CentOS 5.x and RHEL 5.x systems whose SSH daemons become unresponsive, preventing remote logins. The typical error from the connecting side is: $ ssh db1 db1 : ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host Examining /var/log/messages after a forced reboot shows the following leading up to the restart: Dec 10 10:45:51 db1 sshd[14593]: fatal: Privilege separation user sshd does not exist Dec 10 10:46:02 db1 sshd[14595]: fatal: Privilege separation user sshd does not exist Dec 10 10:46:54 db1 sshd[14711]: fatal: Privilege separation user sshd does not exist Dec 10 10:47:38 db1 sshd[14730]: fatal: Privilege separation user sshd does not exist These systems use LDAP authentication and the nsswitch.conf file is configured to look at local "files" first. [root@db1 ~]# cat /etc/nsswitch.conf # # /etc/nsswitch.conf # passwd: files ldap shadow: files ldap group: files ldap hosts: files dns The Privilege-separated SSH user exists in the local password file. [root@db1 ~]# grep ssh /etc/passwd sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin Any ideas on what the root cause is? I did not see any Red Hat errata that covers this.

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• Linux: multiple network connections - 3G/4G / Wifi / LAN / etc; how can i set a preferred network connection to use?

  - by Alex

  I've been looking at how I can setup a laptop that has multiple network interfaces, but a problem exists if all the connections are active, i.e. 3G, WiFi and LAN are all connected, I would like it to default to LAN. I would like to set "weights" or "priority" to each connection, so that if the LAN is unplugged, it'll default to WiFi - if its in range and working, otherwise, it'll switch and use the 3G dongle; I've been looking around and I can see that the "metric" counter for route isn't being used for recent kernels. I thought that would be able to set the preferred gateway / connections - but according to the man page: man route: OUTPUT Metric The 'distance' to the target (usually counted in hops). It is not used by recent kernels, but may be needed by routing daemons. So I'm confused, are there any scripts / apps / anything that can detect active network connections, and by way of configuration, send my default gateway network traffic through that interface if its active / alive?

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• Per-machine decentralised DNS caching - nscd/lwresd/etc

  - by Dan Carley

  Preface: We have caching resolvers at each of our geographic network locations. These are clustered for resiliency and their locality reduces the latency of internal requests generated by our servers. This works well. Except that a vast quantity of the requests seen over the wire are lookups for the same records, generated by applications which don't perform any DNS caching of their own. Questions: Is there a significant benefit to running lightweight caching daemons on the individual servers in order to reduce repeated requests from hitting the network? Does anyone have experience of using [u]nscd, lwresd or dnscache to do such a thing? Are there any other packages worth looking at? Any caveats to beware of? Besides the obvious, caching and negative caching stale results.

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• apache is up but does not read requests

  - by bosh

  This usually happens a few minutes after restarting apache: httpd daemons are up, but are not reading the requests from the sockets. The web clients just wait forever on the connection. When I run netstat, the Recv-Qs are showing a positive byte count which does not change. So basically the connection between the client and apache is in the CONNECTED state but no progress is made. Restarting apache solves the problem for a couple of minutes, but then it's deja vu all over again. Other servers (sshd, ftpd, etc) are fine. Where should I look further? Any clue? Thanks!

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• sshd running but no PID file

  - by dunxd

  I'm recently started using monit to monitor the status of sshd on my CentOS 5.4 server. This works fine, but every so often monit reports that sshd is no longer running. This isn't true - I am still able to login to the server via ssh, however I note the following: There is no longer any PID file at /var/run/sshd.pid - after a reboot this file exists. Once it is gone, restarting sshd via service sshd restart does not create the PID file. sudo service sshd status reports openssh-daemon is stopped - again, restarting sshd does not change this, but a reboot does. sudo service sshd stop reports failed, presumably because of the missing PID file. Any idea what is going on? Update sudo netstat -lptun gives the following output relating to port 22 tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 20735/sshd Killing the process with this PID as suggested by @Henry and then starting sshd via service results in service sshd status recognising the process by PID again. Would still like to understand this better. RPM verify suggested by a couple of answerers shows this: sudo rpm -vV openssh openssh-server openssh-clients | grep 'S\.5' S.5....T c /etc/pam.d/sshd S.5....T c /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/pam.d/sshd has the following contents: #%PAM-1.0 auth include system-auth account required pam_nologin.so account include system-auth password include system-auth session optional pam_keyinit.so force revoke session include system-auth #session required pam_loginuid.so Should that last line be commented out? Update Here's the output of @YannickGirouard 's script: $ sudo ./sshd_test Searching for the process listening on port 22... Found the following PID: 21330 Command line for PID 21330: /usr/sbin/sshd Listing process(es) relating to PID 21330: UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 21330 1 0 14:04 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd Listing RPM information about openssh packages: Name : openssh Relocations: (not relocatable) Version : 4.3p2 Vendor: CentOS Release : 72.el5_7.5 Build Date: Tue 30 Aug 2011 12:34:14 AM BST Install Date: Sun 06 Nov 2011 12:50:57 AM GMT Build Host: builder10.centos.org Group : Applications/Internet Source RPM: openssh-4.3p2-72.el5_7.5.src.rpm Size : 745390 License: BSD Signature : DSA/SHA1, Fri 02 Sep 2011 01:13:01 AM BST, Key ID a8a447dce8562897 URL : http://www.openssh.com/portable.html Summary : The OpenSSH implementation of SSH protocol versions 1 and 2 ------------------------------------------------------ Name : openssh-clients Relocations: (not relocatable) Version : 4.3p2 Vendor: CentOS Release : 72.el5_7.5 Build Date: Tue 30 Aug 2011 12:34:14 AM BST Install Date: Sun 06 Nov 2011 12:51:04 AM GMT Build Host: builder10.centos.org Group : Applications/Internet Source RPM: openssh-4.3p2-72.el5_7.5.src.rpm Size : 871132 License: BSD Signature : DSA/SHA1, Fri 02 Sep 2011 01:13:01 AM BST, Key ID a8a447dce8562897 URL : http://www.openssh.com/portable.html Summary : The OpenSSH client applications ------------------------------------------------------ Name : openssh-server Relocations: (not relocatable) Version : 4.3p2 Vendor: CentOS Release : 72.el5_7.5 Build Date: Tue 30 Aug 2011 12:34:14 AM BST Install Date: Sun 06 Nov 2011 12:51:04 AM GMT Build Host: builder10.centos.org Group : System Environment/Daemons Source RPM: openssh-4.3p2-72.el5_7.5.src.rpm Size : 492478 License: BSD Signature : DSA/SHA1, Fri 02 Sep 2011 01:13:01 AM BST, Key ID a8a447dce8562897 URL : http://www.openssh.com/portable.html Summary : The OpenSSH server daemon ------------------------------------------------------ However, I've since got things working by killing the process and starting afresh, as suggested by @Henry below, so perhaps I am no longer seeing the same thing. Will try again if I am seeing the issue again after next reboot. Update - 14 March Monit alerted me that sshd had disappeared, and again I am able to ssh onto the server. So now I can run the script $ sudo ./sshd_test Searching for the process listening on port 22... Found the following PID: 2208 Command line for PID 2208: /usr/sbin/sshd Listing process(es) relating to PID 2208: UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 2208 1 0 Mar13 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd root 1885 2208 0 21:50 ? 00:00:00 sshd: dunx [priv] Listing RPM information about openssh packages: Name : openssh Relocations: (not relocatable) Version : 4.3p2 Vendor: CentOS Release : 72.el5_7.5 Build Date: Tue 30 Aug 2011 12:34:14 AM BST Install Date: Sun 06 Nov 2011 12:50:57 AM GMT Build Host: builder10.centos.org Group : Applications/Internet Source RPM: openssh-4.3p2-72.el5_7.5.src.rpm Size : 745390 License: BSD Signature : DSA/SHA1, Fri 02 Sep 2011 01:13:01 AM BST, Key ID a8a447dce8562897 URL : http://www.openssh.com/portable.html Summary : The OpenSSH implementation of SSH protocol versions 1 and 2 ------------------------------------------------------ Name : openssh-clients Relocations: (not relocatable) Version : 4.3p2 Vendor: CentOS Release : 72.el5_7.5 Build Date: Tue 30 Aug 2011 12:34:14 AM BST Install Date: Sun 06 Nov 2011 12:51:04 AM GMT Build Host: builder10.centos.org Group : Applications/Internet Source RPM: openssh-4.3p2-72.el5_7.5.src.rpm Size : 871132 License: BSD Signature : DSA/SHA1, Fri 02 Sep 2011 01:13:01 AM BST, Key ID a8a447dce8562897 URL : http://www.openssh.com/portable.html Summary : The OpenSSH client applications ------------------------------------------------------ Name : openssh-server Relocations: (not relocatable) Version : 4.3p2 Vendor: CentOS Release : 72.el5_7.5 Build Date: Tue 30 Aug 2011 12:34:14 AM BST Install Date: Sun 06 Nov 2011 12:51:04 AM GMT Build Host: builder10.centos.org Group : System Environment/Daemons Source RPM: openssh-4.3p2-72.el5_7.5.src.rpm Size : 492478 License: BSD Signature : DSA/SHA1, Fri 02 Sep 2011 01:13:01 AM BST, Key ID a8a447dce8562897 URL : http://www.openssh.com/portable.html Summary : The OpenSSH server daemon ------------------------------------------------------ Again, when I look for /var/run/sshd.pid I don't find it. $ cat /var/run/sshd.pid cat: /var/run/sshd.pid: No such file or directory $ sudo netstat -anp | grep sshd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2208/sshd $ sudo kill 2208 $ sudo service sshd start Starting sshd: [ OK ] $ cat /var/run/sshd.pid 3794 $ sudo service sshd status openssh-daemon (pid 3794) is running... Is it possible that sshd is restarting and not creating a pidfile for some reason?

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• Alternative to Daemontools (djbtools) to supervise unix processes?

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  I've used Daemontools to provide a simple and reliable way to supervise Unix services on my servers. It works well, but it requires a different way of thinking (The DJB Way) and some common complaints are: TAI64N based timestamps Doesn't store scripts under /etc/init.d (or (/usr/local)/etc/rc.d) Doesn't always work with scripts like apachectl. Some scripts need to be rewritten. I remember that some similar "supervisor/watchdog" daemons were in the works about two years ago, but some were still a little rough around the edges. If you have switched from Daemontools to something else, what did you choose and did it work well for you? Does RedHat or Ubuntu come with any process supervisor utilities by default?

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• Open a screen session inside a certain user on boot Ubuntu Server Linux

  - by Pez Cuckow

  I currently have a private server which I test my web apps on which runs Ubuntu Server 10.04 I also host a few game servers (rather than having wasted CPU time :-D) for some of my friends. These game servers I run in the game user account and each one has it's own screen session (so friends can ssh in and reboot the game server etc...). For example screen -R l4d2 runs ./start in the L4D2 folder. However if I reboot the server (which I have to do occasionally) all these sessions close and I have to manually create all the screen sessions and run the required games within them. Is there a way to set these screen sessions as Daemons or services or just boot on server start so they restart themselves on server reboot? I hope I have made my question easy to understand but feel free to ask questions! Many thanks,

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• Generic tool to configure startup applications on Unix

  - by srid

  Is there an automated deployment tool that manages startup applications on a variety of machines, especially the Unices? Or is the only hope to study the nuts and bolts of each Unix (osx, linux, solaris, hpux, aix) on how to configure applications to launch on system startup? I want to run them as a specific user, instead of root. At the moment, I run them all within a screen session .. which is a hassle, as this requires manual intervention every time the machine is rebooted for some reason. Ideally, I am looking for a tool that would read, say, ~/.startup-programs which file contains, on each line, the command line to launch the needed daemons. And this tool should work on OSX, Linux, Solaris, HPUX and AIX ... writing the appropriate startup scripts for each platform.

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• How to close all background processes in unix?

  - by Gabi Purcaru

  I have something like: cd project && python manage.py runserver & cd utilities && ./coffee_auto_compiler.py And I want both of them to close on Ctrl-C (or some other command). How can I accomplish that? EDIT: I tried using jobs -x kill and kill `jobs -p `, but it doesn't seem to kill what I need. Here is what I mean: moon 8119 0.0 0.0 7556 3008 pts/0 S 13:17 0:00 /bin/bash moon 8120 6.8 0.4 24568 18928 pts/0 S 13:17 0:00 python manage.py runserver jobs -p give me just process 8119, but I also need to close 8120, since it's the thing that the first command opened. If it helps, the commands are actually in a Makefile, and I want it to run two daemons at the same time (and somehow close them at the same time). And yes, I'm using ubuntu, with bash

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• debian hang on startup "starting the winbind daemon: winbind"

  - by Bajingan Keparat

  I took a copy of a VM running a debian, just so that I can play around with it. I spin up the copy, but didn't give it any network connection to avoid conflict with the original one. However, when I turn the VM on, it seems to freeze after this startup message Starting Sambe daemons:nmbd smbd Starting PostgreSQL 8.4 database server: main Starting the Winbind daemon: winbind how do i fix this? I never get to the prompt to login. This vm does have a mount point that connects to a windows share folder.

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• Server suddenly running out of entropy

  - by Creshal

  Since a reboot yesterday, one of our virtual servers (Debian Lenny, virtualized with Xen) is constantly running out of entropy, leading to timeouts etc. when trying to connect over SSH / TLS-enabled protocols. Is there any way to check which process(es) is(/are) eating up all the entropy? Edit: What I tried: Adding additional entropy sources: time_entropyd, rng-tools feeding urandom back into random, pseudorandom file accesses – netted about 1 MiB additional entropy per second, problems still persisted Checking for unusual activity via lsof, netstat and tcpdump – nothing. No noticeable load or anything Stopping daemons, restarting permanent sessions, rebooting the entire VM – no change in behaviour What in the end worked: Waiting. Since about yesterday noon, there are no connection problems anymore. Entropy is still somewhat low (128 Bytes peak), but TLS/SSH sessions have no noticeable delay anymore. I'm slowly switching our clients back to TLS (all five of them!), but I don't expect any change in behavior now.

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• Host a Debian repository on a Windows Web/Ftp server

  - by Dave

  At the risk of causing a matter vs. antimatter paradox that would end the world as we know it ... Is it possible to host a Debian repository on a Windows server? We have some applications which are available for Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. Our web site, from where the application can be downloaded, is a Windows Server 2008 box running IIS 7. That is not going to change, and I would like to avoid having to purchase another server and/or domain. I would like to take advantage of the Debian packaging system so that I can just instruct users to add our repository to their software sources, and then they can install, get updates, resolve dependencies (some of which are not yet in the stable/main distributions of my target platforms), etc. The instructions I can find on the internet require linux-specific tools to create a local repository, but are unclear as to whether or not that can be copied to an FTP site as is, or if it requires some local daemons to be running or something.

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• Setting per-directory umask using ACLs

  - by Yarin

  We want to mimic the behavior of a system-wide 002 umask on a certain directory foo, in order to ensure the following result: All sub-directories created underneath foo will have 775 permissions All files created underneath foo and subdirectories will have 664 permissions 1 and 2 will happen for files/dirs created by all users, including root, and all daemons. Assuming that ACL is enabled on our partition, this is the command we've come up with: setfacl -R -d -m mask:002 foo This seems to be working- I'm basically just looking for confirmation. Is this the most effective way to apply a per-directory umask with an ACL?

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• Invalid user names when creating a LDAP account

  - by h1d

  I'm trying to set up a system where a visitor can enter any user name in a form to create a new user and in the end it gets built on LDAP directory and I'm planning that to be mapped as a UNIX account as well (on Ubuntu Linux) by making the system look up for system accounts on the LDAP. Doing so is fine, but I feel that many user names should be avoided, one of the obvious being 'root' and all the other user names taken for daemons etc. How do you tackle at this problem? Do you make up a list of disallowed user names by checking /etc/passwd? I was thinking that if, internally, the user names could be prepended as 'ldap_' or something, it will avoid any naming conflicts but that seems hard when the LDAP entry name is 'joe' but the system account will look like 'ldap_joe'. Not even sure how that can be achieved.

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• Mirrored servers in data centers nationwide -- how?

  - by Sysadmin Evstar

  I flubbed my IT interview with Google by getting this question wrong. I thought that in the various metropolitan areas, an "http://google.com" request went to a local DNS server in a geographically nearby datacenter, which then returned an IP address for just one of several nearby http servers, which then rollover'd to the next local server, and I could not explain how or where the nationwide DNS kept its table of the available local servers cached, or how such a rollover happened. Or how they could manually take some server out of rotation, from anywhere. Fail. So, which Wikipedia page should I be looking at now so I can ace this question next time? And, what daemons run on these machines 24/7 to keep the mirrored database disks synchronized?

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• Mirrored servers in data centers nationwide -- how?

  - by Sysadmin Evstar

  Mirrored servers in data centers nationwide -- how? I flunked my IT interview by getting this question wrong. I thought that in the various metropolitan areas, an "http://google.com" request goes to the ISP's DNS server, which somehow returns an IP address for one of several geographically-nearby http servers, and then something internally rolls over to the next available local Google server. But then, I could not explain where the table of available local Google servers is actually cached, or the details of the IP address rollover. Or how they could manually take some server out of the rotation, from anywhere. So, what should I be reading now so I can ace this question next time? Also, what daemons run on these machines 24/7 to keep all those mirrored database disks synchronized?

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• What is the `/etc/hostname` used/required for?

  - by static

  I found in the /etc/hostname my IP-address, than I deleted it and each time I use sudo - I get a message and a system email sudo: unable to resolve host (none) or if in the /etc/hostname is saved myhostname than sudo: unable to resolve host (myhostname). I know it is used to set the system's hostname via /etc/init.d/hostname.sh while booting process, but what is this setting required for (programs, services, daemons ...)? What if i set to localhost (so it doesn't happen any sudo: unable to resolve host (none) anymore, but is it still ok?)? UPD1: I found some information here: http://jblevins.org/log/hostname, but it is all about how to use it and not about - why it is required.

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• Mirrored servers in data centers nationwide -- how? [closed]

  - by Sysadmin Evstar

  Possible Duplicate: Mirrored servers in data centers nationwide — how? Mirrored servers in data centers nationwide -- how? I flunked my IT interview by getting this question wrong. I thought that in the various metropolitan areas, an "http://google.com" request goes to the ISP's DNS server, which somehow returns an IP address for one of several geographically-nearby http servers, and then something internally rolls over to the next available local Google server. But then, I could not explain where the table of available local Google servers is actually cached, or the details of the IP address rollover. Or how they could manually take some server out of the rotation, from anywhere. So, what should I be reading now so I can ace this question next time? Also, what daemons run on these machines 24/7 to keep all those mirrored database disks synchronized?

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