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• Disk utility running for a long time

  - by Nik

  I had a spare, old external usb hard disk which stopped working long time back due to improper removal of disk. I tried fixing it in windows (when I did not have ubuntu yet), however I couldn't fix it. So I tried formatting the disk and creating a new partition using the disk utility in ubuntu. However it seems to keep running without any indication of the progress or whatsoever. I have no idea what is happening. I have attached a screenshot below to show what I mean. As you can from the screenshot above it seems to be working on it but no indication on the progress or what it is doing. Any attempt to exit it or do any other task like safe removal or format partition leads to the the following dialog box. What should I do? Wait or restart the computer..???

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• Changing Disk Allocation for Ubuntu on Dual-Boot System

  - by OtagoHarbour

  When I first installed Ubuntu, I had a new PC with Windows 7 installed. It was my first installation of Ubuntu so I only allocated 45% of the disk for Ubuntu. Now I find that I have been using Ubuntu exclusively so I would like to change the allocation of the disk so Ubuntu has say 75% of the disk and Win. 7 25%. Is there a way to do this without reformatting the disk. I am using Ubuntu 11.10 with Gnome. Thanks, Peter

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• How many guesses per second are possible against an encrypted disk? [closed]

  - by HappyDeveloper

  I understand that guesses per second depends on the hardware and the encryption algorithm, so I don't expect an absolute number as answer. For example, with an average machine you can make a lot (thousands?) of guesses per second for a hash created with a single md5 round, because md5 is fast, making brute force and dictionary attacks a real danger for most passwords. But if instead you use bcrypt with enough rounds, you can slow the attack down to 1 guess per second, for example. 1) So how does disk encryption usually work? This is how I imagine it, tell me if it is close to reality: When I enter the passphrase, it is hashed with a slow algorithm to generate a key (always the same?). Because this is slow, brute force is not a good approach to break it. Then, with the generated key, the disk is unencrypted on the fly very fast, so there is not a significant performance lose. 2) How can I test this with my own machine? I want to calculate the guesses per second my machine can make. 3) How many guesses per second are possible against an encrypted disk with the fastest PC ever so far?

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• New ZFS Encryption features in Solaris 11.1

  - by darrenm

  Solaris 11.1 brings a few small but significant improvements to ZFS dataset encryption.  There is a new readonly property 'keychangedate' that shows that date and time of the last wrapping key change (basically the last time 'zfs key -c' was run on the dataset), this is similar to the 'rekeydate' property that shows the last time we added a new data encryption key. $ zfs get creation,keychangedate,rekeydate rpool/export/home/bob NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE rpool/export/home/bob creation Mon Mar 21 11:05 2011 - rpool/export/home/bob keychangedate Fri Oct 26 11:50 2012 local rpool/export/home/bob rekeydate Tue Oct 30 9:53 2012 local The above example shows that we have changed both the wrapping key and added new data encryption keys since the filesystem was initially created.  If we haven't changed a wrapping key then it will be the same as the creation date.  It should be obvious but for filesystems that were created prior to Solaris 11.1 we don't have this data so it will be displayed as '-' instead. Another change that I made was to relax the restriction that the size of the wrapping key needed to match the size of the data encryption key (ie the size given in the encryption property).  In Solaris 11 Express and Solaris 11 if you set encryption=aes-256-ccm we required that the wrapping key be 256 bits in length.  This restriction was unnecessary and made it impossible to select encryption property values with key lengths 128 and 192 when the wrapping key was stored in the Oracle Key Manager.  This is because currently the Oracle Key Manager stores AES 256 bit keys only.  Now with Solaris 11.1 this restriciton has been removed. There is still one case were the wrapping key size and data encryption key size will always match and that is where they keysource property sets the format to be 'passphrase', since this is a key generated internally to libzfs and to preseve compatibility on upgrade from older releases the code will always generate a wrapping key (using PKCS#5 PBKDF2 as before) that matches the key length size of the encryption property. The pam_zfs_key module has been updated so that it allows you to specify encryption=off. There were also some bugs fixed including not attempting to load keys for datasets that are delegated to zones and some other fixes to error paths to ensure that we could support Zones On Shared Storage where all the datasets in the ZFS pool were encrypted that I discussed in my previous blog entry. If there are features you would like to see for ZFS encryption please let me know (direct email or comments on this blog are fine, or if you have a support contract having your support rep log an enhancement request).

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• Adding third disk as a single disk in a server with an existing RAID1

  - by slowhandsolo

  I've got a ProLiant DL360 G5 server (Fedora 13) with two SAS disks in a hardware RAID 1, working fine. Now I hot plugged another SAS disk. I'd like to configure this new hard disk out of my RAID, as a single non-RAID disk (ex. /dev/sdb). Even after rebooting the server, I can't see the new disk with "fdisk -l". It displays only my hardware RAID, but not the new disk. [root@myserver]# fdisk -l Disco /dev/cciss/c0d0: 300.0 GB, 299966445568 bytes Disposit. Inicio Comienzo Fin Bloques Id Sistema /dev/cciss/c0d0p1 * 1 126 512000 83 Linux /dev/cciss/c0d0p2 126 71798 292422656 8e Linux LVM Disco /dev/dm-0: 234.9 GB, 234881024000 bytes Disco /dev/dm-1: 10.5 GB, 10536091648 bytes Disco /dev/dm-2: 21.0 GB, 20971520000 bytes Disco /dev/dm-3: 31.5 GB, 31474057216 bytes Disco /dev/dm-4: 1577 MB, 1577058304 bytes However, I can see the new disk using the HP Array Configuration Utility CLI for Linux "hpacucli": [root@myserver]# hpacucli => controller slot=0 physicaldrive all show status physicaldrive 1I:1:1 (port 1I:box 1:bay 1, 300 GB): OK physicaldrive 1I:1:2 (port 1I:box 1:bay 2, 300 GB): OK physicaldrive 1I:1:3 (port 1I:box 1:bay 3, 300 GB): OK => controller slot=0 pd all show detail Smart Array P400i in Slot 0 (Embedded) array A physicaldrive 1I:1:1 Port: 1I Box: 1 Bay: 1 physicaldrive 1I:1:2 Port: 1I Box: 1 Bay: 2 **unassigned** physicaldrive 1I:1:3 Port: 1I Box: 1 Bay: 3 Status: OK Drive Type: **Unassigned Drive** As you can see, I've got two SAS disks in a RAID 1 and the new disk as "unassigned". Is there any way to work with the new disk as another non-RAID single disk? If relevant, I want to create a new partition in my new disk, format it with mkfs and mount it, but as I can't see it with fdisk, I don't know how to do it. Thanks!

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• I (stupidly) converted a TrueCrypt encrypted disk to GPT in Disk Management: now TrueCrypt won't mount it

  - by asilentfire

  Backstory: After moving a Macrium Reflect disk image from my TrueCrypt external drive (with whole disk encryption) onto a unencrypted drive and using Windows PE with Macrium Reflect to restore my internal disk to the recovery image on the external unencrypted drive, my Windows 8 failed to boot. I then went back and also recovered the System Partition (looking now, it is currently EFI), but I still couldn't boot into my backup.. I was in a hurry to get online for something so I just did a clean install of Windows 8, without the backup.. After I installed Windows 8, I went into Disk Management out of curiosity to see if there were other partitions with Windows 8 that Macruim might have missed, and there is (by default) a Recovery Partition of 100MB. My memory of this is hazy, as I was trying to get up and running for an exam at 4 AM: Something in Disk Management prompted me to convert my encrypted external drive to GPT.. I have no idea why I did this, but I went ahead and allowed it to convert my TrueCrypt drive to GPT. Now, I can't mount the drive in TrueCrypt.. Disk Management sees it as Disk 1, Basic, and Unallocated. I tried converting it back to MBR with Disk Management, but no dice with TrueCrypt :( If I try to mount the disk in TrueCrypt I get the message: Incorrect password or not a TrueCrypt volume I should never have messed with a Truecrypt drive in Disk Management, but I did. I have important college work in that drive, and fear I have lost it forever. PLEASE HELP

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• Black screen on login, can get thru decrypt disk and access command line but no GUI

  - by t3lf3c

  Running 12.04 64 bit fresh alternative install, with disk crypto on a new Lenovo laptop Install didn't connect and install modules, even though I had the network cable plugged in and don't have any whacky proxy settings. I had to manually install ubunut-desktop and define sources after initial installation, so this seemed a bit weird (ISO matched MD5 sum though) I unplug the network cable, otherwise I get a black screen that I can do nothing with. So I turn laptop on, I have disk encryption, I type in the password at the Ubuntu decryption GUI then get "set up successfully" message "Waiting for network configuration ..." then "Waiting for up to 60 more seconds for network configuration" At this stage (a) If I wait for it then I get a black screen that I can do nothing with. (b) If I interrupt the process by pressing escape, then I break through to the command line. From the command line, I can go ahead and login, then plug my network cable in to do apt-get commands. As a precaution I do some house keeping which takes a few mins to run: sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade Running startx to get to the GUI gives: Fatal server errror: no screens found The .Xauthority file is being created in my home directory but it's empty. I review my order and note the system graphics: Intel HD Graphics (WWAN or mSATA capable) So it's weird that I can't get to the Gnome. It looks like drivers aren't working. Is there a way of getting Intel drivers from the command line? Or do you have any other suggestions on what to try next?

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• How can I implement full disk encryption for a disk containing Ubuntu with plausible deniability?

  - by Rupert

  I would like to have a disk that: has Ubuntu installed is fully encrypted is setup in such a way as to make denial of the existence of the Ubuntu install plausible Truecrypt provides the last two features but only for Windows: http://www.truecrypt.org/docs/?s=sys-encryption-supported-os The alternate installer for Ubuntu provides the first two features but not the last. I imagine that plausible deniability would be achieved by, at least: Having two installs of Ubuntu and 2 passphrases (or keyfiles) which would unencrypt each one. Moving any unencrypted data (such as /boot) onto a USB stick Are there any programs out there which support this feature set for Ubuntu?

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• NAS4Free disk encryption and ZFS error

  - by MiNT

  I have installed a NAS4Free on a VM, and as recommended, i installed it on a 1GB virtual disk, and assigned another disk 500GB to this VM for file storage. I have created the disk, encrypted it, created a ZFS virtual disk, and then a ZFS storage pool. Everything was working. On every restart of this VM i needed to go on and mount the encrypted drive. Recently i upgraded the host machine, and now i cant mount or make it work. I have tried removing everything and setting up from scratch everything, with the exception of formating the disk, i have used an encrypted one without formating it. Does anybody have any suggestion on how can i at least get back my data, can i mount somehow the encrypted drive even in another utility, just need to get back the data that were on it.

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• 12.04 home encrypted and I have written down encryption passphrase. How to reset login password?

  - by Stevie

  I set up a friend with 12.04 and he forgot his password. I encrypted his home directory and I have written down the encryption passphrase during the first boot. If he changed his password after I wrote down the encryption passphrase during the first boot is this original encryption passphrase of any use? What should I do to reset or recover his password and keep everything accessible and functionally intact with the encrypted home directory?

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• BAD_UID error while exporting key in CryptoAPI

  - by mindthief

  Hi all, I am writing a test application for Microsoft CryptoAPI. I want to export the secret key of one party using the public key of the second party, and then import that secret key as the second party's secret key (this sets up a shared secret key for communication). Here is my code: if(!CryptExportKey(encryptT->hSymKey, decryptT->hPubKey, SIMPLEBLOB, 0, keyExBuf, &bufLen)) { FormattedDebugPrint(NULL, GetLastError(), "could not export secret key", TRUE); return -1; } if(!CryptImportKey(decryptT->hCryptProv, keyExBuf, bufLen, decryptT->hPubKey, 0, &(decryptT->hSymKey))) { FormattedDebugPrint(NULL, GetLastError(), "could not import secret key", TRUE); return -1; } And this gives the error: 80090001: Bad UID. The public keypair is being generated for both encryptT and decryptT (sender, receiver) by calling: CryptGenKey(encryptT->hCryptProv, CALG_RSA_KEYX, CRYPT_EXPORTABLE, &(encryptT->hPubKey)) Any idea what could be causing the error? Thanks,

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• How to mount a blu-ray drive?

  - by Stephan Schielke

  Maybe it is for the best to close this question. This has nothing to do with a bluray drive in general anymore. Probably a hardware defect. I will try to test it with a windows system and different cables again... Thx so far. I have a bluray/dvd/cdrom drive with SATA. Ubuntu wont find it under /dev/sd wodim --devices wodim: Overview of accessible drives (1 found) : ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 dev='/dev/sg2' rwrw-- : 'HL-DT-ST' 'BDDVDRW CH08LS10' ------------------------------------------------------------------------- cdrecord -scanbus scsibus2: 2,0,0 200) 'HL-DT-ST' 'BDDVDRW CH08LS10' '2.00' Removable CD-ROM fdisk dont even lists it. Ubuntu only automounts blank DVDs, but neither CDROM nor Blurays. I also changed the sata slot, sata cable and the power cable. The drive works with a windows system. This happens when I try to mount: sudo mount -t auto /dev/scd0 /media/bluray mount: you must specify the filesystem type I tried all filesystems there are. I also installed makemkv. It finds the drive but not the disc. Here is my /dev ls -al /dev total 12 drwxr-xr-x 17 root root 4420 2011-11-25 19:36 . drwxr-xr-x 28 root root 4096 2011-11-25 07:12 .. crw------- 1 root root 10, 235 2011-11-25 19:28 autofs -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 630 2011-11-25 19:28 .blkid.tab -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 630 2011-11-25 19:28 .blkid.tab.old drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 700 2011-11-25 19:27 block drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 100 2011-11-25 19:27 bsg crw------- 1 root root 10, 234 2011-11-25 19:28 btrfs-control drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 60 2011-11-25 19:27 bus drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 3820 2011-11-25 19:28 char crw------- 1 root root 5, 1 2011-11-25 19:28 console lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 2011-11-25 19:28 core -> /proc/kcore drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 60 2011-11-25 19:28 cpu crw------- 1 root root 10, 60 2011-11-25 19:28 cpu_dma_latency drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 140 2011-11-25 19:27 disk crw------- 1 root root 10, 61 2011-11-25 19:28 ecryptfs crw-rw---- 1 root video 29, 0 2011-11-25 19:28 fb0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 2011-11-25 19:28 fd -> /proc/self/fd crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 7 2011-11-25 19:28 full crw-rw-rw- 1 root fuse 10, 229 2011-11-25 19:28 fuse crw------- 1 root root 251, 0 2011-11-25 19:28 hidraw0 crw------- 1 root root 251, 1 2011-11-25 19:28 hidraw1 crw------- 1 root root 10, 228 2011-11-25 19:28 hpet lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 2011-11-25 19:27 .initramfs -> /run/initramfs drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 220 2011-11-25 19:28 input crw------- 1 root root 1, 11 2011-11-25 19:28 kmsg srw-rw-rw- 1 root root 0 2011-11-25 19:28 log brw-rw---- 1 root disk 7, 0 2011-11-25 19:28 loop0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 7, 1 2011-11-25 19:28 loop1 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 7, 2 2011-11-25 19:28 loop2 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 7, 3 2011-11-25 19:28 loop3 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 7, 4 2011-11-25 19:28 loop4 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 7, 5 2011-11-25 19:28 loop5 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 7, 6 2011-11-25 19:28 loop6 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 7, 7 2011-11-25 19:28 loop7 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 60 2011-11-25 19:27 mapper crw------- 1 root root 10, 227 2011-11-25 19:28 mcelog crw-r----- 1 root kmem 1, 1 2011-11-25 19:28 mem drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 60 2011-11-25 19:27 net crw------- 1 root root 10, 59 2011-11-25 19:28 network_latency crw------- 1 root root 10, 58 2011-11-25 19:28 network_throughput crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 3 2011-11-25 19:28 null crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 195, 0 2011-11-25 19:28 nvidia0 crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 195, 255 2011-11-25 19:28 nvidiactl crw------- 1 root root 1, 12 2011-11-25 19:28 oldmem crw-r----- 1 root kmem 1, 4 2011-11-25 19:28 port crw------- 1 root root 108, 0 2011-11-25 19:28 ppp crw------- 1 root root 10, 1 2011-11-25 19:28 psaux crw-rw-rw- 1 root tty 5, 2 2011-11-25 20:00 ptmx drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 2011-11-25 19:27 pts brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 0 2011-11-25 19:28 ram0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 1 2011-11-25 19:28 ram1 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 10 2011-11-25 19:28 ram10 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 11 2011-11-25 19:28 ram11 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 12 2011-11-25 19:28 ram12 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 13 2011-11-25 19:28 ram13 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 14 2011-11-25 19:28 ram14 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 15 2011-11-25 19:28 ram15 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 2 2011-11-25 19:28 ram2 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 3 2011-11-25 19:28 ram3 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 4 2011-11-25 19:28 ram4 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 5 2011-11-25 19:28 ram5 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 6 2011-11-25 19:28 ram6 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 7 2011-11-25 19:28 ram7 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 8 2011-11-25 19:28 ram8 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 9 2011-11-25 19:28 ram9 crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 8 2011-11-25 19:28 random crw-rw-r--+ 1 root root 10, 62 2011-11-25 19:28 rfkill lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 2011-11-25 19:28 rtc -> rtc0 crw------- 1 root root 254, 0 2011-11-25 19:28 rtc0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 2011-11-25 19:38 scd0 -> sr0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 0 2011-11-25 19:28 sda brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 1 2011-11-25 19:28 sda1 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 2 2011-11-25 19:28 sda2 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 3 2011-11-25 19:28 sda3 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 5 2011-11-25 19:28 sda5 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 6 2011-11-25 19:28 sda6 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 16 2011-11-25 19:28 sdb brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 17 2011-11-25 19:28 sdb1 crw-rw---- 1 root disk 21, 0 2011-11-25 19:28 sg0 crw-rw---- 1 root disk 21, 1 2011-11-25 19:28 sg1 crw-rw----+ 1 root cdrom 21, 2 2011-11-25 19:28 sg2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 2011-11-25 19:28 shm -> /run/shm crw------- 1 root root 10, 231 2011-11-25 19:28 snapshot drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 280 2011-11-25 19:28 snd brw-rw----+ 1 root cdrom 11, 0 2011-11-25 19:38 sr0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 2011-11-25 19:28 stderr -> /proc/self/fd/2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 2011-11-25 19:28 stdin -> /proc/self/fd/0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 2011-11-25 19:28 stdout -> /proc/self/fd/1 crw-rw-rw- 1 root tty 5, 0 2011-11-25 19:35 tty crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 0 2011-11-25 19:28 tty0 crw------- 1 root root 4, 1 2011-11-25 19:28 tty1 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 10 2011-11-25 19:28 tty10 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 11 2011-11-25 19:28 tty11 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 12 2011-11-25 19:28 tty12 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 13 2011-11-25 19:28 tty13 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 14 2011-11-25 19:28 tty14 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 15 2011-11-25 19:28 tty15 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 16 2011-11-25 19:28 tty16 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 17 2011-11-25 19:28 tty17 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 18 2011-11-25 19:28 tty18 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 19 2011-11-25 19:28 tty19 crw------- 1 root root 4, 2 2011-11-25 19:28 tty2 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 20 2011-11-25 19:28 tty20 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 21 2011-11-25 19:28 tty21 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 22 2011-11-25 19:28 tty22 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 23 2011-11-25 19:28 tty23 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 24 2011-11-25 19:28 tty24 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 25 2011-11-25 19:28 tty25 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 26 2011-11-25 19:28 tty26 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 27 2011-11-25 19:28 tty27 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 28 2011-11-25 19:28 tty28 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 29 2011-11-25 19:28 tty29 crw------- 1 root root 4, 3 2011-11-25 19:28 tty3 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 30 2011-11-25 19:28 tty30 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 31 2011-11-25 19:28 tty31 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 32 2011-11-25 19:28 tty32 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 33 2011-11-25 19:28 tty33 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 34 2011-11-25 19:28 tty34 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 35 2011-11-25 19:28 tty35 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 36 2011-11-25 19:28 tty36 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 37 2011-11-25 19:28 tty37 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 38 2011-11-25 19:28 tty38 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 39 2011-11-25 19:28 tty39 crw------- 1 root root 4, 4 2011-11-25 19:28 tty4 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 40 2011-11-25 19:28 tty40 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 41 2011-11-25 19:28 tty41 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 42 2011-11-25 19:28 tty42 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 43 2011-11-25 19:28 tty43 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 44 2011-11-25 19:28 tty44 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 45 2011-11-25 19:28 tty45 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 46 2011-11-25 19:28 tty46 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 47 2011-11-25 19:28 tty47 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 48 2011-11-25 19:28 tty48 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 49 2011-11-25 19:28 tty49 crw------- 1 root root 4, 5 2011-11-25 19:28 tty5 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 50 2011-11-25 19:28 tty50 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 51 2011-11-25 19:28 tty51 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 52 2011-11-25 19:28 tty52 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 53 2011-11-25 19:28 tty53 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 54 2011-11-25 19:28 tty54 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 55 2011-11-25 19:28 tty55 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 56 2011-11-25 19:28 tty56 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 57 2011-11-25 19:28 tty57 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 58 2011-11-25 19:28 tty58 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 59 2011-11-25 19:28 tty59 crw------- 1 root root 4, 6 2011-11-25 19:28 tty6 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 60 2011-11-25 19:28 tty60 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 61 2011-11-25 19:28 tty61 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 62 2011-11-25 19:28 tty62 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 63 2011-11-25 19:28 tty63 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 7 2011-11-25 19:28 tty7 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 8 2011-11-25 19:28 tty8 crw--w---- 1 root tty 4, 9 2011-11-25 19:28 tty9 crw------- 1 root root 5, 3 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyprintk crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 64 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS0 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 65 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS1 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 74 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS10 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 75 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS11 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 76 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS12 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 77 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS13 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 78 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS14 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 79 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS15 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 80 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS16 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 81 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS17 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 82 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS18 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 83 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS19 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 66 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS2 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 84 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS20 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 85 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS21 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 86 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS22 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 87 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS23 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 88 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS24 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 89 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS25 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 90 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS26 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 91 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS27 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 92 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS28 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 93 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS29 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 67 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS3 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 94 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS30 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 95 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS31 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 68 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS4 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 69 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS5 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 70 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS6 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 71 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS7 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 72 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS8 crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 73 2011-11-25 19:28 ttyS9 d rwxr-xr-x 3 root root 60 2011-11-25 19:28 .udev crw-r----- 1 root root 10, 223 2011-11-25 19:28 uinput crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 9 2011-11-25 19:28 urandom drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 60 2011-11-25 19:27 usb crw------- 1 root root 252, 0 2011-11-25 19:28 usbmon0 crw------- 1 root root 252, 1 2011-11-25 19:28 usbmon1 crw------- 1 root root 252, 2 2011-11-25 19:28 usbmon2 crw------- 1 root root 252, 3 2011-11-25 19:28 usbmon3 crw------- 1 root root 252, 4 2011-11-25 19:28 usbmon4 crw------- 1 root root 252, 5 2011-11-25 19:28 usbmon5 crw------- 1 root root 252, 6 2011-11-25 19:28 usbmon6 crw------- 1 root root 252, 7 2011-11-25 19:28 usbmon7 crw------- 1 root root 252, 8 2011-11-25 19:28 usbmon8 drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 80 2011-11-25 19:28 v4l crw------- 1 root root 10, 57 2011-11-25 19:28 vboxdrv crw------- 1 root root 10, 56 2011-11-25 19:28 vboxnetctl drwxr-x--- 4 root vboxusers 80 2011-11-25 19:28 vboxusb crw-rw---- 1 root tty 7, 0 2011-11-25 19:28 vcs crw-rw---- 1 root tty 7, 1 2011-11-25 19:28 vcs1 crw-rw---- 1 root tty 7, 2 2011-11-25 19:28 vcs2 crw-rw---- 1 root tty 7, 3 2011-11-25 19:28 vcs3 crw-rw---- 1 root tty 7, 4 2011-11-25 19:28 vcs4 crw-rw---- 1 root tty 7, 5 2011-11-25 19:28 vcs5 crw-rw---- 1 root tty 7, 6 2011-11-25 19:28 vcs6 crw-rw---- 1 root tty 7, 128 2011-11-25 19:28 vcsa crw-rw---- 1 root tty 7, 129 2011-11-25 19:28 vcsa1 crw-rw---- 1 root tty 7, 130 2011-11-25 19:28 vcsa2 crw-rw---- 1 root tty 7, 131 2011-11-25 19:28 vcsa3 crw-rw---- 1 root tty 7, 132 2011-11-25 19:28 vcsa4 crw-rw---- 1 root tty 7, 133 2011-11-25 19:28 vcsa5 crw-rw---- 1 root tty 7, 134 2011-11-25 19:28 vcsa6 crw------- 1 root root 10, 63 2011-11-25 19:28 vga_arbiter crw-rw----+ 1 root video 81, 0 2011-11-25 19:28 video0 crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 5 2011-11-25 19:28 zero sg_scan -i gives me: sudo sg_scan -i /dev/sg0: scsi0 channel=0 id=0 lun=0 [em] ATA ST31000524NS SN12 [rmb=0 cmdq=0 pqual=0 pdev=0x0] /dev/sg1: scsi0 channel=0 id=1 lun=0 [em] ATA WDC WD15EADS-00S 01.0 [rmb=0 cmdq=0 pqual=0 pdev=0x0] /dev/sg2: scsi2 channel=0 id=0 lun=0 [em] HL-DT-ST BDDVDRW CH08LS10 2.00 [rmb=1 cmdq=0 pqual=0 pdev=0x5] sg_map gives me: /dev/sg0 /dev/sda /dev/sg1 /dev/sdb /dev/sg2 /dev/scd0 lsscsi -l gives me: [0:0:0:0] disk ATA ST31000524NS SN12 /dev/sda state=running queue_depth=1 scsi_level=6 type=0 device_blocked=0 timeout=30 [0:0:1:0] disk ATA WDC WD15EADS-00S 01.0 /dev/sdb state=running queue_depth=1 scsi_level=6 type=0 device_blocked=0 timeout=30 [2:0:0:0] cd/dvd HL-DT-ST BDDVDRW CH08LS10 2.00 /dev/sr0 state=running queue_depth=1 scsi_level=6 type=5 device_blocked=0 timeout=30 my udf mod is: filename: /lib/modules/3.0.0-14-generic/kernel/fs/udf/udf.ko license: GPL description: Universal Disk Format Filesystem author: Ben Fennema srcversion: 6ABDE012374D96B9685B8E5 depends: crc-itu-t vermagic: 3.0.0-14-generic SMP mod_unload modversions Do I need special drivers or mods enabled? Do I need to change some BIOS settings? edit: Somehow I am now able to fire the mount command without any filesystem errors, but now I get: mount: no medium found on /dev/sr0

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• rsync'd a folder, folder doesn't show up, but free disk space decreased

  - by Patrick

  I am currently trying to switch from mac to windows/ubuntu dual boot (on 2 seperate internal HDDs), but ran into some trouble restoring my documents. I am not sure all the information below is necessary, but if I knew how to solve it, I wouldn't ask it here. I backed up my mac before buying this laptop on an external HDD with Carbon Copy Cloner. I wanted to put these files on my user folder on my windows HDD, but I could not do that from inside windows (HFS+ format of mac), so I used rsync from inside Ubuntu to copy the documents from the ext hdd to the windows partition. It seemed like it went okay, but from inside windows (and later also Ubuntu) the folder didn't show up. My free HDD space, however, has reduced with about 200 GB (the size of the backup) when looking at the disk properties (from inside Windows and Ubuntu). rsync command I used: rsync -av /media/patrick/Toshiba\ 1.5T/Users/patrickvandenberg/ /media/patrick/Windows8_OS/Users/Patrick/MacBackup/ Folder does not exist: patrick@patrick-Lenovo-IdeaPad-Y410P:~$ cd /media/patrick/Windows8_OS/Users/Patrick/MacBackup bash: cd: /media/patrick/Windows8_OS/Users/Patrick/MacBackup: No such file or directory Size of disk: patrick@patrick-Lenovo-IdeaPad-Y410P:~$ du -hs /media/patrick/Windows8_OS/ 195G /media/patrick/Windows8_OS/ Size of disk according to Disk properties: http://i.stack.imgur.com/OteMX.png (not enough rep to insert the image)

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• Recommended drive encryption solution

  - by Chris Driver

  Hello, I will soon be purchasing a number of laptops running Windows 7 for our mobile staff. Due to the nature of our business I will need drive encryption. Windows BitLocker seems the obvious choice, but it looks like I need to purchase either Windows 7 Enterprise or Ultimate editions to get it. Can anyone offer suggestions on the best course of action: a) Use BitLocker, bite the bullet and pay to upgrade to Enterprise/Ultimate b) Pay for another 3rd party drive encryption product that is cheaper (suggestions appreciated) c) Use a free drive encryption product such as TrueCrypt Ideally I am also interested in 'real world' experience from people who are using drive encryption software and any pitfalls to look out for. Many thanks in advance... UPDATE Decided to go with TrueCrypt for the following reasons: a) The product has a good track record b) I am not managing a large quantity of laptops so integration with Active Directory, Management consoles etc is not a huge benefit c) Although eks did make a good point about Evil Maid (EM) attacks, our data is not that desirable to consider it a major factor d) The cost (free) is a big plus but not the primary motivator The next problem I face is imaging (Acronis/Ghost/..) encrypted drives will not work unless I perform sector-by-sector imaging. That means an 80Gb encrypted partition creates an 80Gb image file :(

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• Why is my disk full?

  - by Agmenor

  I installed Ubuntu 12.04 by doing a fresh install where there was previously Ubuntu 11.10. My computer warns me now that my disk is nearly full. After having run apt-get purge, run apt-get autoremove and emptied the Trash can, I still have this problem as shown by this screenshot of Gparted: The disk /dev/sda7 is indeed full. I ran the Disk Usage Analyzer (Baobab) and I am still not sure of what is happening: One of my hypothesis is that when installing Ubuntu 12.04, I didn't configure my disks well and the disk /dev/sda6 is not mounted well as /home. Is this the reason indeed? What should I do to verify this and then to get the things fixed? Here are a few additional details to answer the questions I received (thank you everybody): My home directory is not encrypted. The Backup utility (Déjà Dup) is not set for automatic backups. (I do it myself and manually.) After I mount /dev/sda6, the command df -h gives Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda7 244G 221G 12G 96% / udev 3,9G 4,0K 3,9G 1% /dev tmpfs 1,6G 904K 1,6G 1% /run none 5,0M 0 5,0M 0% /run/lock none 3,9G 164K 3,9G 1% /run/shm /dev/sda6 653G 189G 433G 31% /media/8ec2fa69-039b-4c52-ab1b-034d785132a1 (sorry but formatting this into code does not work, for an unknown reason) Thanks to izx's post, I realized /dev/sda6 was not even mounted before. It contains all the documents I used to have when I was running Ubuntu 11.10.

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• Way to ecrypt files on hard disk so that no one could use them . with strong ecryption

  - by EugeneP

  Is there a ay to ecrypt files on hard disk under windows so that no one could use them . with strong ecryption say, before I leave my pc, I run this procedure and all needed files get ecrypted then I get back and decrypt those files

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• Low disk space: home/user folder occupies 94GB

  - by tedtoy

  I am low on disk space and when I check the Disk Usage analyzer (using gksudo baobab) it indicates that my home/teddy folder is using 94GB, but when I browse through its contents I can only account for about 1gb of that usage. I've tried sudo apt-get clean and deleting the cached package files from Synaptic Package Manager, emptied trash but that has not changed the amount of free space I have. It seems similar to this problem But using the root disk usage analyzer has not given any insight into what is consuming so much space. Any ideas?

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• Command line method to find disk usage of camera mounted using gvfs

  - by Hamish Downer

  When my camera was mounted on /media I could use the standard tools (df) to see the disk usage of the card in my camera. However now the camera is mounted using gvfs, and df seems to ignore it. I've also tried pydf and discus to no avail. The camera is definitely available through nautilus, and when I select the camera in nautlius, the status bar tells me the amount of disk free. I can also open the ~/.gvfs/ folder in nautilus and right click on the camera folder and get the disk usage in a graphical way. But that is no use for a script. Are there command line tools that are the equivalent of df for gvfs filesystems? Or even better, a way to make df report on gvfs filesystems?

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• Simple, user friendly and strong file encryption in Windows

  - by Adam Matan

  I want a colleague of mine to send me a sensitive MS-Word document via e-mail. Since Word's encryption is questionable, I would like to encrypt the file using a passphrase. Do you know of any user-friendly encryption tool that a novice user can easily use? I wouldn't like to prompt for keys or anything like this - just provide simple interface for single file encryption. EDIT: I have solved this using Putty Secure Copy, through a Linux box I have somewhere. The user downloaded scp to the same directory where the file was, and I have send him the exact scp command by mail. Nice! Another Edit I have some additions (mainly the usage of winscp and perhaps virtual machines). My detailed answer appears below, as requested in comments.

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• asymetric encryption of directory

  - by ftiaronsem

  Hello alltogether Currently I am wondering whether it is possible to apply asymetric encryption of a directory in Linux. I would like to achieve the following: Write log files to /var/log/secret Everything written to /var/log/secret is instantly encrypted by a public RSA key (or something similar) The encryption programms I know, i.e. ecryptfs do not support asymetric encryption of files, at least as far as I know. (Correct me if I am wrong). Therefore I am asking here whether you know of any possibility to implement this. Thanks in advance

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• SQL SERVER – Disk Space Monitoring – Detecting Low Disk Space on Server

  - by Pinal Dave

  A very common question I often receive is how to detect if the disk space is running low on SQL Server. There are two different ways to do the same. I personally prefer method 2 as that is very easy to use and I can use it creatively along with database name. Method 1: EXEC MASTER..xp_fixeddrives GO Above query will return us two columns, drive name and MB free. If we want to use this data in our query, we will have to create a temporary table and insert the data from this stored procedure into the temporary table and use it. Method 2: SELECT DISTINCT dovs.logical_volume_name AS LogicalName, dovs.volume_mount_point AS Drive, CONVERT(INT,dovs.available_bytes/1048576.0) AS FreeSpaceInMB FROM sys.master_files mf CROSS APPLY sys.dm_os_volume_stats(mf.database_id, mf.FILE_ID) dovs ORDER BY FreeSpaceInMB ASC GO The above query will give us three columns: drive logical name, drive letter and free space in MB. We can further modify above query to also include database name in the query as well. SELECT DISTINCT DB_NAME(dovs.database_id) DBName, dovs.logical_volume_name AS LogicalName, dovs.volume_mount_point AS Drive, CONVERT(INT,dovs.available_bytes/1048576.0) AS FreeSpaceInMB FROM sys.master_files mf CROSS APPLY sys.dm_os_volume_stats(mf.database_id, mf.FILE_ID) dovs ORDER BY FreeSpaceInMB ASC GO This will give us additional data about which database is placed on which drive. If you see a database name multiple times, it is because your database has multiple files and they are on different drives. You can modify above query one more time to even include the details of actual file location. SELECT DISTINCT DB_NAME(dovs.database_id) DBName, mf.physical_name PhysicalFileLocation, dovs.logical_volume_name AS LogicalName, dovs.volume_mount_point AS Drive, CONVERT(INT,dovs.available_bytes/1048576.0) AS FreeSpaceInMB FROM sys.master_files mf CROSS APPLY sys.dm_os_volume_stats(mf.database_id, mf.FILE_ID) dovs ORDER BY FreeSpaceInMB ASC GO The above query will now additionally include the physical file location as well. As I mentioned earlier, I prefer method 2 as I can creatively use it as per the business need. Let me know which method are you using in your production server. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL

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• Re-sizing disk partition linux/vm

  - by Tiffany Walker

  I VM Player running a linux guest and I was wanting to know how do I expand the disk? In the VM player I gave more disk space but I am not sure how to mount/expand/connect the new disk space to the system. My old disk space was 14GB [root@localhost ~]# df -h / Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 14G 4.5G 8.2G 36% / Then I expanded it and now I see sda2 which is the new space? [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 15665 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000cd44d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 64 2611 20458496 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 14.5 GB, 14537457664 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1767 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 6408 MB, 6408896512 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 779 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Do I need to mount the new space first? resize2fs -p /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 108849018880 resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) The containing partition (or device) is only 3549184 (4k) blocks. You requested a new size of 1474836480 blocks. resize2fs -p /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 128849018880 resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) resize2fs: Invalid new size: 128849018880 [root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L+90GB /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root Extending logical volume lv_root to 103.54 GiB Insufficient free space: 23040 extents needed, but only 0 available [root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L90GB /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root Extending logical volume lv_root to 90.00 GiB Insufficient free space: 19574 extents needed, but only 0 available EDIT: So after trying pvcreate/vgextend nothing has so far worked. I'm guessing the new disk space added from VM Player is not showing up? pvscan PV /dev/sda2 VG VolGroup lvm2 [19.51 GiB / 0 free] Total: 1 [19.51 GiB] / in use: 1 [19.51 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]

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• Disk Activity Alert Windows SBS 2003 on Dell PowerEdge 830 with Raid

  - by Ron Whites

  Background: I have a Dell PowerEdge 830 Server running Windows SB Server 2003. It has 4gbs of RAM and a ATA CERC SATA 6CH controller with 3 160gb drives in a Raid 5 configuration. The Problem I am seeing Admin ---"Disk Activity Alert on Server" emails These often occur when disk backups, de-frag or high disk usage is going on. Generally the server isn't over stressed. The Disk Alert emails say in part ... The following disk has low idle time, which may cause slow response time when reading or writing files to the disk. Disk: 0 C: F: D: Review the Disk Transfers/sec and % Idle Time counters for the PhysicalDisk performance object. If the Disk Transfers/sec counter is consistently below 150 while the % Idle Time counter remains very low (close to 0), there may be a problem with the disk driver or hardware. The Questions I have: With what utility can I review the Disk Transfers/sec and Idle Time? It appears there is no utility for that on the server! I think I may need to download a very large (two DVD) Dell "OpenManage" utility to be able to monitor the raid system and see what is a problem is that true?

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• Free Mac whole disk encryption

  - by stevekuo

  Are there any free solutions for encrypting the entire boot disk on a Mac? I'm aware of PGP's Whole Disk Encryption, but it's a bit steep at $149. TrueCrypt's System Encryption seems to only work with Windows.

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• Best Secure Encryption for Zip Files via Linux

  - by Daniel

  I want to use highly secure encryption for zipped files via Linux/Ubuntu using a command line terminal, what is the best command line tool to get this job done? zip -e -P PASSWORD file1 file2 file3 file4 Or 7za a file.7z *.txt -pSECRET What encryption is used and how secure is it?

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