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  • How to use the correct SSH private key?

    - by Dail
    I have a private key inside /home/myuser/.ssh/privateKey I have a problem connecting to the ssh server, because i always get: Permission denied (publickey). I tried to debug the problem and i find that ssh is reading wrong file, take a look at the output: [damiano@Damiano-PC .ssh]$ ssh -v root@vps1 OpenSSH_5.8p2, OpenSSL 1.0.0g-fips 18 Jan 2012 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for vps1 debug1: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to 111.111.111.111 [111.111.111.111] port 2000. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /home/damiano/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/damiano/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/damiano/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/damiano/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.8p1 Debian-7ubuntu1 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.8p1 Debian-7ubuntu1 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.8 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Server host key: RSA 74:8f:87:fe:b8:25:85:02:d4:b6:5e:03:08:d0:9f:4e debug1: Host '[111.111.111.111]:2000' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/damiano/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /home/damiano/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Trying private key: /home/damiano/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: No more authentication methods to try. as you can see ssh is trying to read: /home/damiano/.ssh/id_rsa but i don't have this file, i named it differently. How could I tell to SSH to use the correct private key file? Thanks!

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  • Prevent Windows Key from Opening Start Menu in Windows 7

    - by Jeromy Anglim
    I'd like to be able to stop the Windows Key from activating the Start Menu on Windows 7. I don't want to disable the Windows Key completely. I'd like Ctrl + Esc to still open the Start Menu. I know that you can use AutoHotKey to disable the Windows Key completely. The reason I want this functionality is that I have a lot of shortcut keys linked to the Windows key and this often results in accidentally opening the start menu.

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  • How to find keycodes for Fn + keys?

    - by budwiser
    I'm trying to find out the keycode for Fn+? keypress (left arrow). Xev outputs FocusOut event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x3c00001,    mode NotifyGrab, detail NotifyAncestor FocusIn event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x3c00001,    mode NotifyUngrab, detail NotifyAncestor KeymapNotify event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x0,    keys:  4294967213 0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0              0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   If it is telling me the keycode here, I'm not able to interpret it so help would be appreciated. I'm also curious for finding out if it's possible to bind something to Fn+Del but when trying out this combination, Xev outputs KeyPress event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x3c00001, root 0xad, subw 0x0, time 1984903, (-666,480), root:(53,533), state 0x0, keycode 119 (keysym 0xffff, Delete), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 1 bytes: (7f) " " XmbLookupString gives 1 bytes: (7f) " " XFilterEvent returns: False KeyRelease event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x3c00001, root 0xad, subw 0x0, time 1985008, (-666,480), root:(53,533), state 0x0, keycode 119 (keysym 0xffff, Delete), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 1 bytes: (7f) " " XFilterEvent returns: False which is exactly the same as pressing del without Fn. So, summary for short How can I find keycode for Fn+? (left arrow)? Is it even possible to bind something to Fn+Del or am I facing windmills here?

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  • Poner aplicaci&oacute;n Asp.Net en modo OFFLINE

    - by Jason Ulloa
    Una de las opciones que todo aplicación debería tener es el poder ponerse en modo OFFLINE para evitar el acceso de usuarios. Esto es completamente necesario cuando queremos realizar cambios a nuestra aplicación (cambiar algo, poner una actualización, etc) o a nuestra base de datos y evitarnos problemas con los usuarios que se encuentren logueados dentro de la aplicación en ese momento. Muchos ejemplos a través de la Web exponen la forma de realizar esta tarea utilizando dos técnicas: 1. La primera de ellas es utilizar el archivo App_Offline.htm sin embargo, esta técnica tiene un inconveniente. Y es que, una vez que hemos subido el archivo a nuestra aplicación esta se bloquea completamente y no tenemos forma de volver a ponerla ONLINE a menos que eliminemos el archivo. Es decir no podemos controlarla. 2. La segunda de ellas es el utilizar la etiqueta httpRuntime, pero nuevamente tenemos el mismo problema. Al habilitar el modo OFFLINE mediante esta etiqueta, tampoco podremos acceder a un modo de administración para cambiarla. Un ejemplo de la etiqueta httpRuntime <configuration> <system.web> <httpRuntime enable="false" /> </system.web> </configuration>   Tomando en cuenta lo anterior, lo mas optimo seria que podamos por medio de alguna pagina de administración colocar nuestro sitio en modo OFFLINE, pero manteniendo el acceso a la pagina de administración para poder volver a cambiar el valor que pondrá nuestra aplicación nuevamente en modo ONLINE. Para ello, utilizaremos el web.config de nuestra aplicación y una pequeña clase que se encargara de Leer y escribir los valores. Lo primero será, abrir nuestro web.config y definir dentro del appSettings dos nuevas KEY que contendrán los valores para el modo OFFLINE de nuestra aplicación: <appSettings> <add key="IsOffline" value="false" /> <add key="IsOfflineMessage" value="Sistema temporalmente no disponible por tareas de mantenimiento." /> </appSettings>   En las KEY anteriores tenemos el IsOffLine con value de false, esto es para indicarle a nuestra aplicación que actualmente su modo de funcionamiento es ONLINE, este valor será el que posteriormente cambiemos a TRUE para volver al modo OFFLINE. Nuestra segunda KEY (IsOfflineMessage) posee el value (Sistema temporalmente….) que será mostrado al usuario como un mensaje cuando el sitio este en modo OFFLINE. Una vez definidas nuestras dos KEY en el web.config, escribiremos una clase personalizada para leer y escribir los valores. Así que, agregamos un nuevo elemento de tipo clase al proyecto llamado SettingsRules y la definimos como Public. Está clase contendrá dos métodos, el primero será para leer los valores: public string readIsOnlineSettings(string sectionToRead) { Configuration cfg = WebConfigurationManager.OpenWebConfiguration(System.Web.Hosting.HostingEnvironment.ApplicationVirtualPath); KeyValueConfigurationElement isOnlineSettings = (KeyValueConfigurationElement)cfg.AppSettings.Settings[sectionToRead]; return isOnlineSettings.Value; }   El segundo método, será el encargado de escribir los nuevos valores al web.config public bool saveIsOnlineSettings(string sectionToWrite, string value) { bool succesFullySaved;   try { Configuration cfg = WebConfigurationManager.OpenWebConfiguration(System.Web.Hosting.HostingEnvironment.ApplicationVirtualPath); KeyValueConfigurationElement repositorySettings = (KeyValueConfigurationElement)cfg.AppSettings.Settings[sectionToWrite];   if (repositorySettings != null) { repositorySettings.Value = value; cfg.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Modified); } succesFullySaved = true; } catch (Exception) { succesFullySaved = false; } return succesFullySaved; }   Por último, definiremos en nuestra clase una región llamada instance, que contendrá un método encargado de devolver una instancia de la clase (esto para no tener que hacerlo luego) #region instance   private static SettingsRules m_instance;   // Properties public static SettingsRules Instance { get { if (m_instance == null) { m_instance = new SettingsRules(); } return m_instance; } }   #endregion instance   Con esto, nuestra clase principal esta completa. Así que pasaremos a la implementación de las páginas y el resto de código que completará la funcionalidad.   Para complementar la tarea del web.config utilizaremos el fabuloso GLOBAL.ASAX, este contendrá el código encargado de detectar si nuestra aplicación tiene el valor de ONLINE o OFFLINE y además de bloquear todas las paginas y directorios excepto el que le hayamos definido como administrador, esto para luego poder volver a configurar el sitio.   El evento del Global.Asax que utilizaremos será el Application_BeginRequest   protected void Application_BeginRequest(Object sender, EventArgs e) {   if (Convert.ToBoolean(SettingsRules.Instance.readIsOnlineSettings("IsOffline"))) {   string Virtual = Request.Path.Substring(0, Request.Path.LastIndexOf("/") + 1);   if (Virtual.ToLower().IndexOf("/admin/") == -1) { //We don't makes action, is admin section Server.Transfer("~/TemporarilyOfflineMessage.aspx"); }   } } La primer Línea del IF, verifica si el atributo del web.config es True o False, si es true toma la dirección WEB que se ha solicitado y la incluimos en un IF para verificar si corresponde a la Sección admin (está sección no es mas que un folder en nuestra aplicación llamado admin y puede ser cambiado a cualquier otro). Si el resultado de ese if es –1 quiere decir que no coincide, entonces, esa será la bandera que nos permitirá bloquear inmediatamente la pagina actual, transfiriendo al usuario a una pagina de mantenimiento. Ahora, en nuestra carpeta Admin crearemos una nueva pagina asp.net llamada OnlineSettings.aspx para actualizar y leer los datos del web.config y una pagina Default.aspx para pruebas. Nuestra página OnlineSettings tendrá dos pasos importantes: 1. Leer los datos actuales de configuración protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (!IsPostBack) { IsOffline.Checked = Convert.ToBoolean(mySettings.readIsOnlineSettings("IsOffline")); OfflineMessage.Text = mySettings.readIsOnlineSettings("IsOfflineMessage"); } }   2. Actualizar los datos con los nuevos valores. protected void UpdateButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { string htmlMessage = OfflineMessage.Text.Replace(Environment.NewLine, "<br />");   // Update the Application variables Application.Lock(); if (IsOffline.Checked) { mySettings.saveIsOnlineSettings("IsOffline", "True"); mySettings.saveIsOnlineSettings("IsOfflineMessage", htmlMessage); } else { mySettings.saveIsOnlineSettings("IsOffline", "false"); mySettings.saveIsOnlineSettings("IsOfflineMessage", htmlMessage); }   Application.UnLock(); }   Por último en la raíz de la aplicación, crearemos una nueva página aspx llamada TemporarilyOfflineMessage.aspx que será la que se muestre cuando se bloquee la aplicación. Al final nuestra aplicación se vería algo así Página bloqueada Configuración del Bloqueo Y para terminar la aplicación de ejemplo

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  • How to find keycodes for Fn + keys in Ubuntu 11.10

    - by budwiser
    I'm trying to find out the keycode for Fn+? keypress (left arrow). Xev outputs FocusOut event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x3c00001,    mode NotifyGrab, detail NotifyAncestor FocusIn event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x3c00001,    mode NotifyUngrab, detail NotifyAncestor KeymapNotify event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x0,    keys:  4294967213 0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0              0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   If it is telling me the keycode here, I'm not able to interpret it so help would be appreciated. I'm also curious for finding out if it's possible to bind something to Fn+Del but when trying out this combination, Xev outputs KeyPress event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x3c00001, root 0xad, subw 0x0, time 1984903, (-666,480), root:(53,533), state 0x0, keycode 119 (keysym 0xffff, Delete), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 1 bytes: (7f) " " XmbLookupString gives 1 bytes: (7f) " " XFilterEvent returns: False KeyRelease event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x3c00001, root 0xad, subw 0x0, time 1985008, (-666,480), root:(53,533), state 0x0, keycode 119 (keysym 0xffff, Delete), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 1 bytes: (7f) " " XFilterEvent returns: False which is exactly the same as pressing del without Fn. So, summary for short How can I find keycode for Fn+? (left arrow)? Is it even possible to bind something to Fn+Del or am I facing windmills here?

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  • How to enable key forwarding with ssh-agent?

    - by Lamnk
    I've used the ssh-agent from oh-my-zsh to manage my SSH key. So far, so good, i only have to type the passphrase for my private key once when I start my shell and public key authentication works great. The problem is however that key forwarding doesn't work. There are 2 servers A & B which I can use public key to login. When I ssh into A then from there ssh into B, I must provide my password, which should not be the case. A is a CentOS 5.6 box, B is an Ubuntu 11.04 box. I have this on my local .ssh/config: Host * ForwardAgent yes OpenSSH on A is standard openssh 4.3 package provided by CentOS. I also enable ForwardAgent for ssh client on A, but forwarding still doesn't work.

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  • Importing GPG Key

    - by Bodo
    I have problems importing my GPG-Keys into my new installation of debian. I exportet the private-key a few years ago. Now I am trying to get everything running under a new debian. I tried to do gpg --allow-secret-key-import --import private-key.asc But I only get this: gpg: Keine gültigen OpenPGP-Daten gefunden. gpg: Anzahl insgesamt bearbeiteter Schlüssel: 0 which translates to: gpg: No valid OpenPGP-Data found gpg: Number of processed Keys : 0 The file looks correct and starts with --BEGIN PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK----- Version: GnuPG v1.4.9 (GNU/Linux) and ends with -----END PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK----- what could be wrong?

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  • Problem adding public key for apt

    - by highBandWidth
    I was trying to get the official mongodb for Ubuntu, following the instructions at http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Ubuntu+and+Debian+packages After adding the deb http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/repo/ubuntu-upstart dist 10gen line in my sources, I need to add the pgp key since synaptic says W: GPG error: http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org dist Release: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 9ECBEC467F0CEB10 Again following instructions, I did sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv 7F0CEB10 this says Executing: gpg --ignore-time-conflict --no-options --no-default-keyring --secret-keyring /etc/apt/secring.gpg --trustdb-name /etc/apt/trustdb.gpg --keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg --primary-keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv 7F0CEB10 gpg: requesting key 7F0CEB10 from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com ?: keyserver.ubuntu.com: Connection refused gpgkeys: HTTP fetch error 7: couldn't connect: Connection refused gpg: no valid OpenPGP data found. gpg: Total number processed: 0 Interestingly, I also get $ apt-key list gpg: fatal: /home/myname/.gnupg: directory does not exist! secmem usage: 0/0 bytes in 0/0 blocks of pool 0/32768 How can I get apt to use this source?

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  • public key always asking for password and keyphrase

    - by Andrew Atkinson
    I am trying to SSH from a NAS to a webserver using a public key. NAS user is 'root' and webserver user is 'backup' I have all permissions set correctly and when I debug the SSH connection I get: (last little bit of the debug) debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering DSA public key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg ssh-dss blen 433 debug1: key_parse_private_pem: PEM_read_PrivateKey failed debug1: read PEM private key done: type <unknown> Enter passphrase for key '/root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub': I am using the command: ssh -v -i /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub [email protected] The fact that it is asking for a passphrase is a good sign surely, but I do not want it to prompt for this or a password (which comes afterwards if I press 'return' on the passphrase)

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  • Create private key with CSR

    - by Daniel Schlieckmann
    I have a CSR file (as a text file) and the corresponding P7B certificate. My problem is that I have to create a P12 file on a machine where I do not have created the CSR. I have created the CSR in Firefox Key Manager. Before, I imported the P7B file into certificate store in msc, then exported a CER-file, imported it in Key Manager and then exported the P12 file. This doesn't work anymore because I have another machine now. If I try to import the CER file created by msc, Key Manager says that there is no private key. Is there a possibility to create a private key?

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  • Windows 8.1 won't accept my Media Center Pack Product Key

    - by Daniel
    I just installed Windows 8.1 Pro as an upgrade from an ISO torrent. I was able to activate my original Windows 8 key successfully. However, I tried to activate my Media Center Pack key that I purchased for Windows 8 and it errors out the first try. When I try to activate it again, it then says "This key won't work. Check it and try again, or try a different key.". Do I have to purchase the key again? Thanks

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  • Windows product key is valid but wont activate

    - by pnongrata
    Last month, I needed to install Windows XP (Pro Version 2002 SP3) from a Reinstallation CD a co-worker gave me, and with a product key the IT team told me to use. Everything installed successfully and I have been using the XP machine for the last 30 days without any problems; however it kept reminding me to activate Windows, and of course, I never did (laziness). It now has me locked out of my machine and won't let me log in until I activate it. So I proceed to the Activation Screen which asks me: Do you want to activate Windows now? I choose "Yes, let's activate Windows over the Internet now.", and click the Next button. It now asks me: Do you want to register while you are activating Windows? I choose "No, I don't want to register now; let's just activate Windows.", and click the Next button. I now see the following screen: Notice how the title reads "Unauthorized product key", and how there are only 3 buttons: Telephone Remind me later Retry Please note that the Retry button is disabled until I enter the full product key that IT gave me, then it enables. However, at no point in time do I see a Next button, indicating that the product key was valid/successful. So instead, I just click the Retry button, and the screen refreshes, this time with a different title Incorrect product key Could something be wrong with the Windows XP reinstallation CD (do they "expire" after a certain amount of time, etc.)? Or is this the normal/typical workflow for what happens when you just have a bad product key? I ask because, after this happened I emailed IT and they supplied me whether several other product keys to try. But every time its the same result, same thing happening over again and again. So I guess it's possible that IT has given me several bad keys, but it's more likely something else is going on here. Any thoughts or ways to troubleshoot? Thanks in advance!

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  • SSH does not allow the use of a key with group readable permissions

    - by scjr
    I have a development git server that deploys to a live server when the live branch is pushed to. Every user has their own login and therefore the post-receive hook which does the live deployment is run under their own user. Because I don't want to have to maintain the users public keys as authorized keys on the remote live server I have made up a set of keys that 'belong's to the git system to add to remote live servers (In the post-receive hook I am using $GIT_SSH to set the private key with the -i option). My problem is that because of all the users might want to deploy to live, the git system's private key has to be at least group readable and SSH really doesn't like this. Here's a sample of the error: XXXX@XXXX /srv/git/identity % ssh -i id_rsa XXXXX@XXXXX @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @ WARNING: UNPROTECTED PRIVATE KEY FILE! @ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ Permissions 0640 for 'id_rsa' are too open. It is required that your private key files are NOT accessible by others. This private key will be ignored. bad permissions: ignore key: id_rsa I've looked around expecting to find something in the way of forcing ssh to just go through with the connection but I've found nothing but people blindly saying that you just shouldn't allow access to anything but a single user.

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  • Hit one key to hold a second key down, until third is pressed

    - by Core Xii
    I'm trying to get the following behavior with AutoHotKey: When the A key is pressed, AHK holds down the S key until the D key is pressed. The following script isn't working as expected: a:: Send {s Down} return d:: if (GetKeyState("s", "P")) { Send {s Up} } return Neither is the following: a:: release_s = 0 Loop { SendInput, s if release_s break } return d:: release_s = 1 return

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  • Numeric Data Entry in WPF

    - by Matt Hamilton
    How are you handling the entry of numeric values in WPF applications? Without a NumericUpDown control, I've been using a TextBox and handling its PreviewKeyDown event with the code below, but it's pretty ugly. Has anyone found a more graceful way to get numeric data from the user without relying on a third-party control?private void NumericEditPreviewKeyDown(object sender, KeyEventArgs e) { bool isNumPadNumeric = (e.Key >= Key.NumPad0 && e.Key <= Key.NumPad9) || e.Key == Key.Decimal; bool isNumeric = (e.Key >= Key.D0 && e.Key <= Key.D9) || e.Key == Key.OemPeriod; if ((isNumeric || isNumPadNumeric) && Keyboard.Modifiers != ModifierKeys.None) { e.Handled = true; return; } bool isControl = ((Keyboard.Modifiers != ModifierKeys.None && Keyboard.Modifiers != ModifierKeys.Shift) || e.Key == Key.Back || e.Key == Key.Delete || e.Key == Key.Insert || e.Key == Key.Down || e.Key == Key.Left || e.Key == Key.Right || e.Key == Key.Up || e.Key == Key.Tab || e.Key == Key.PageDown || e.Key == Key.PageUp || e.Key == Key.Enter || e.Key == Key.Return || e.Key == Key.Escape || e.Key == Key.Home || e.Key == Key.End); e.Handled = !isControl && !isNumeric && !isNumPadNumeric; }

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  • Foreign key,local key?

    - by user198729
    CREATE TABLE products ( id integer unsigned auto_increment primary key ) ENGINE=INNODB; CREATE TABLE orders ( id integer PRIMARY KEY auto_increment, product_id integer unsigned, quantity integer, INDEX product_id_idx (product_id), FOREIGN KEY (product_id) REFERENCES products (id) ) ENGINE=INNODB; Here the products and orders obviously have some kind of relation--foreign key relation. Also a coin has two sides,so I'm doubting how do we say which table is the foreign key side or local key side?

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  • NULL-keys for key/value table

    - by user72185
    (Using Oracle) I have a table with key/value pairs like this: create table MESSAGE_INDEX ( KEY VARCHAR2(256) not null, VALUE VARCHAR2(4000) not null, MESSAGE_ID NUMBER not null ) I now want to find all the messages where key = 'someKey' and value is 'val1', 'val2' or 'val3' - OR value is null in which case there will be no entry in the table at all. This is to save space; there would be a large number of keys with null values if I stored them all. I think this works: SELECT message_id FROM message_index idx WHERE ((key = 'someKey' AND value IN ('val1', 'val2', 'val3')) OR NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM message_index WHERE key = 'someKey' AND idx.message_id = message_id)) But is is extremely slow. Takes 8 seconds with 700K records in message_index and there will be many more records and more search criteria when moving outside of my test environment. Primary key is key, value, message_id: add constraint PK_KEY_VALUE primary key (KEY, VALUE, MESSAGE_ID) And I added another index for message_id, to speed up searching for missing keys: create index IDX_MESSAGE_ID on MESSAGE_INDEX (MESSAGE_ID) I will be doing several of these key/value lookups in every search, not just one as shown above. So far I am doing them nested, where output id's of one level is the input to the next. E.g.: SELECT message_id from message_index WHERE (key/value compare) AND message_id IN ( SELECT ... and so on ) What can I do to speed this up?

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  • foreign key constraints on primary key columns - issues ?

    - by zzzeek
    What are the pros/cons from a performance/indexing/data management perspective of creating a one-to-one relationship between tables using the primary key on the child as foreign key, versus a pure surrogate primary key on the child? The first approach seems to reduce redundancy and nicely constrains the one-to-one implicitly, while the second approach seems to be favored by DBAs, even though it creates a second index: create table parent ( id integer primary key, data varchar(50) ) create table child ( id integer primary key references parent(id), data varchar(50) ) pure surrogate key: create table parent ( id integer primary key, data varchar(50) ) create table child ( id integer primary key, parent_id integer unique references parent(id), data varchar(50) ) the platforms of interest here are Postgresql, Microsoft SQL Server.

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  • Linux: Apple Wireless A1314 Fn key not registered, looks like software bug

    - by ramplank
    I'm trying to set up my Apple Wireless Keyboard with my Kubuntu systems. These are PC hardware powered by Intel Atom and Intel i5 respectively. The keyboard has a US keyboard layout and has model number A1314 written on the back. It takes two AA batteries. I'm saying that because it appears there are multiple types of model A1314. I have tried this on a 10.04, 11.04, 11.10 and 12.04 system with no success. Every time using a bluetooth dongle and the KDE bluetooth notification tray applet, the keyboard can be connected. In both cases it shows up as "Apple Wireless Keyboard". Almost everything works as expected, in fact, I'm typing on it right now. But one thing doesn't: The Fn key. I'd like to use Fn + Down Arrow as PgDn / Page Down, I understand this is default behaviour on Apple keyboards. And of course I'd like the same for Page Up, Home and End. I'll stick to Page Down in my example. I used the xev tool to see the keycodes the system receives, and if I press on Fn nothing happens, and nothing is registered. If I press Fn + Down Arrow, xev only registers the down arrow. Here's the output from my 11.04 system to illustrate: Press just the Fn key: no output Press Down Arrow key: KeyPress event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x4400001, root 0x15d, subw 0x4400002, time 2699773, (44,45), root:(1352,298), state 0x10, keycode 116 (keysym 0xff54, Down), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False KeyRelease event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x4400001, root 0x15d, subw 0x4400002, time 2699860, (44,45), root:(1352,298), state 0x10, keycode 116 (keysym 0xff54, Down), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False Press Fn+Down Arrow Keys together: KeyPress event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x4400001, root 0x15d, subw 0x4400002, time 2701548, (44,45), root:(1352,298), state 0x10, keycode 116 (keysym 0xff54, Down), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False KeyRelease event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x4400001, root 0x15d, subw 0x4400002, time 2701623, (44,45), root:(1352,298), state 0x10, keycode 116 (keysym 0xff54, Down), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False I've been searching this forum and other Linux-related forums for hours but I still have not found a solution. I mostly found advice on how to fix this when using an actual apple laptop or desktop, but I don't have that. They said to try something like the following echo 2 > /sys/module/hid_apple/ ... But since there's no hid_apple directory present on my systems, I've needed to modprobe hid_apple first. That didn't help either. I'm cool with changing some config files, or compiling my own patched kernel if that's necessary. I currently have a 10.04 and 12.04 system available to test. The same issue occurs when hooked up to Windows 7. Fn key still does nothing, not by itself or in combination with other keys. With some AutoHotkey fiddling, I was able to confirm the key is registered as pressed, but ignored by default. A custom AutoHotkey script can fix that. But AutoHotkey is only for Windows, I want my problem fixed on Linux. Hooked up to an iPad 2 it only works in combination with the F1-F12 keys. Not with the arrow keys. If the screen of the ipad is off, and I press just the Fn key, the screen will come on, so the key itself is registered as pressed. So to sum up my question: Can anyone help me get Page Up, Page Down, Home and End to work on this keyboard, when that requires me to use an Fn key which is currently not registered?

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  • Problem using a public key when connecting to a SSH server running on Cygwin

    - by binary255
    We have installed Cygwin on a Windows Server 2008 Standard server and it working pretty well. Unfortunately we still have a big problem. We want to connect using a public key through SSH which doesn't work. It always falls back to using password login. We have appended our public key to ~/.ssh/authorized_keys on the server and we have our private and public key in ~/.ssh/id_dsa respective ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub on the client. When debugging the SSH login session we see that the key is offered by the server apparently rejects it by some unknown reason. The SSH output when connecting from an Ubuntu 9.10 desktop with debug information enabled: $ ssh -v 192.168.10.11 OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2, OpenSSL 0.9.8g 19 Oct 2007 debug1: Reading configuration data /home/myuseraccount/.ssh/config debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for debug1: Connecting to 192.168.10.11 [192.168.10.11] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /home/myuseraccount/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /home/myuseraccount/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/myuseraccount/.ssh/id_dsa type 2 debug1: Checking blacklist file /usr/share/ssh/blacklist.DSA-1024 debug1: Checking blacklist file /etc/ssh/blacklist.DSA-1024 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.3 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.3 pat OpenSSH debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Host '192.168.10.11' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/myuseraccount/.ssh/known_hosts:12 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering public key: /home/myuseraccount/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive debug1: Trying private key: /home/myuseraccount/.ssh/identity debug1: Trying private key: /home/myuseraccount/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Next authentication method: keyboard-interactive debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive debug1: Next authentication method: password [email protected]'s password: The version of Cygwin: $ uname -a CYGWIN_NT-6.0 servername 1.7.1(0.218/5/3) 2009-12-07 11:48 i686 Cygwin The installed packages: $ cygcheck -c Cygwin Package Information Package Version Status _update-info-dir 00871-1 OK alternatives 1.3.30c-10 OK arj 3.10.22-1 OK aspell 0.60.5-1 OK aspell-en 6.0.0-1 OK aspell-sv 0.50.2-2 OK autossh 1.4b-1 OK base-cygwin 2.1-1 OK base-files 3.9-3 OK base-passwd 3.1-1 OK bash 3.2.49-23 OK bash-completion 1.1-2 OK bc 1.06-2 OK bzip2 1.0.5-10 OK cabextract 1.1-1 OK compface 1.5.2-1 OK coreutils 7.0-2 OK cron 4.1-59 OK crypt 1.1-1 OK csih 0.9.1-1 OK curl 7.19.6-1 OK cvs 1.12.13-10 OK cvsutils 0.2.5-1 OK cygrunsrv 1.34-1 OK cygutils 1.4.2-1 OK cygwin 1.7.1-1 OK cygwin-doc 1.5-1 OK cygwin-x-doc 1.1.0-1 OK dash 0.5.5.1-2 OK diffutils 2.8.7-2 OK doxygen 1.6.1-2 OK e2fsprogs 1.35-3 OK editrights 1.01-2 OK emacs 23.1-10 OK emacs-X11 23.1-10 OK file 5.04-1 OK findutils 4.5.5-1 OK flip 1.19-1 OK font-adobe-dpi75 1.0.1-1 OK font-alias 1.0.2-1 OK font-encodings 1.0.3-1 OK font-misc-misc 1.1.0-1 OK fontconfig 2.8.0-1 OK gamin 0.1.10-10 OK gawk 3.1.7-1 OK gettext 0.17-11 OK gnome-icon-theme 2.28.0-1 OK grep 2.5.4-2 OK groff 1.19.2-2 OK gvim 7.2.264-1 OK gzip 1.3.12-2 OK hicolor-icon-theme 0.11-1 OK inetutils 1.5-6 OK ipc-utils 1.0-1 OK keychain 2.6.8-1 OK less 429-1 OK libaspell15 0.60.5-1 OK libatk1.0_0 1.28.0-1 OK libaudio2 1.9.2-1 OK libbz2_1 1.0.5-10 OK libcairo2 1.8.8-1 OK libcurl4 7.19.6-1 OK libdb4.2 4.2.52.5-2 OK libdb4.5 4.5.20.2-2 OK libexpat1 2.0.1-1 OK libfam0 0.1.10-10 OK libfontconfig1 2.8.0-1 OK libfontenc1 1.0.5-1 OK libfreetype6 2.3.12-1 OK libgcc1 4.3.4-3 OK libgdbm4 1.8.3-20 OK libgdk_pixbuf2.0_0 2.18.6-1 OK libgif4 4.1.6-10 OK libGL1 7.6.1-1 OK libglib2.0_0 2.22.4-2 OK libglitz1 0.5.6-10 OK libgmp3 4.3.1-3 OK libgtk2.0_0 2.18.6-1 OK libICE6 1.0.6-1 OK libiconv2 1.13.1-1 OK libidn11 1.16-1 OK libintl3 0.14.5-1 OK libintl8 0.17-11 OK libjasper1 1.900.1-1 OK libjbig2 2.0-11 OK libjpeg62 6b-21 OK libjpeg7 7-10 OK liblzma1 4.999.9beta-10 OK libncurses10 5.7-18 OK libncurses8 5.5-10 OK libncurses9 5.7-16 OK libopenldap2_3_0 2.3.43-1 OK libpango1.0_0 1.26.2-1 OK libpcre0 8.00-1 OK libpixman1_0 0.16.6-1 OK libpng12 1.2.35-10 OK libpopt0 1.6.4-4 OK libpq5 8.2.11-1 OK libreadline6 5.2.14-12 OK libreadline7 6.0.3-2 OK libsasl2 2.1.19-3 OK libSM6 1.1.1-1 OK libssh2_1 1.2.2-1 OK libssp0 4.3.4-3 OK libstdc++6 4.3.4-3 OK libtiff5 3.9.2-1 OK libwrap0 7.6-20 OK libX11_6 1.3.3-1 OK libXau6 1.0.5-1 OK libXaw3d7 1.5D-8 OK libXaw7 1.0.7-1 OK libxcb-render-util0 0.3.6-1 OK libxcb-render0 1.5-1 OK libxcb1 1.5-1 OK libXcomposite1 0.4.1-1 OK libXcursor1 1.1.10-1 OK libXdamage1 1.1.2-1 OK libXdmcp6 1.0.3-1 OK libXext6 1.1.1-1 OK libXfixes3 4.0.4-1 OK libXft2 2.1.14-1 OK libXi6 1.3-1 OK libXinerama1 1.1-1 OK libxkbfile1 1.0.6-1 OK libxml2 2.7.6-1 OK libXmu6 1.0.5-1 OK libXmuu1 1.0.5-1 OK libXpm4 3.5.8-1 OK libXrandr2 1.3.0-10 OK libXrender1 0.9.5-1 OK libXt6 1.0.7-1 OK links 1.00pre20-1 OK login 1.10-10 OK luit 1.0.5-1 OK lynx 2.8.5-4 OK man 1.6e-1 OK minires 1.02-1 OK mkfontdir 1.0.5-1 OK mkfontscale 1.0.7-1 OK openssh 5.4p1-1 OK openssl 0.9.8m-1 OK patch 2.5.8-9 OK patchutils 0.3.1-1 OK perl 5.10.1-3 OK rebase 3.0.1-1 OK run 1.1.12-11 OK screen 4.0.3-5 OK sed 4.1.5-2 OK shared-mime-info 0.70-1 OK tar 1.22.90-1 OK terminfo 5.7_20091114-13 OK terminfo0 5.5_20061104-11 OK texinfo 4.13-3 OK tidy 041206-1 OK time 1.7-2 OK tzcode 2009k-1 OK unzip 6.0-10 OK util-linux 2.14.1-1 OK vim 7.2.264-2 OK wget 1.11.4-4 OK which 2.20-2 OK wput 0.6.1-2 OK xauth 1.0.4-1 OK xclipboard 1.1.0-1 OK xcursor-themes 1.0.2-1 OK xemacs 21.4.22-1 OK xemacs-emacs-common 21.4.22-1 OK xemacs-sumo 2007-04-27-1 OK xemacs-tags 21.4.22-1 OK xeyes 1.1.0-1 OK xinit 1.2.1-1 OK xinput 1.5.0-1 OK xkbcomp 1.1.1-1 OK xkeyboard-config 1.8-1 OK xkill 1.0.2-1 OK xmodmap 1.0.4-1 OK xorg-docs 1.5-1 OK xorg-server 1.7.6-2 OK xrdb 1.0.6-1 OK xset 1.1.0-1 OK xterm 255-1 OK xz 4.999.9beta-10 OK zip 3.0-11 OK zlib 1.2.3-10 OK zlib-devel 1.2.3-10 OK zlib0 1.2.3-10 OK The ssh deamon configuration file: $ cat /etc/sshd_config # $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.80 2008/07/02 02:24:18 djm Exp $ # This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file. See # sshd_config(5) for more information. # This sshd was compiled with PATH=/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/bin # The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with # OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where # possible, but leave them commented. Uncommented options change a # default value. Port 22 #AddressFamily any #ListenAddress 0.0.0.0 #ListenAddress :: # Disable legacy (protocol version 1) support in the server for new # installations. In future the default will change to require explicit # activation of protocol 1 Protocol 2 # HostKey for protocol version 1 #HostKey /etc/ssh_host_key # HostKeys for protocol version 2 #HostKey /etc/ssh_host_rsa_key #HostKey /etc/ssh_host_dsa_key # Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key #KeyRegenerationInterval 1h #ServerKeyBits 1024 # Logging # obsoletes QuietMode and FascistLogging #SyslogFacility AUTH #LogLevel INFO # Authentication: #LoginGraceTime 2m #PermitRootLogin yes StrictModes no #MaxAuthTries 6 #MaxSessions 10 RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys # For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh_known_hosts #RhostsRSAAuthentication no # similar for protocol version 2 #HostbasedAuthentication no # Change to yes if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for # RhostsRSAAuthentication and HostbasedAuthentication #IgnoreUserKnownHosts no # Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files #IgnoreRhosts yes # To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here! #PasswordAuthentication yes #PermitEmptyPasswords no # Change to no to disable s/key passwords #ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes # Kerberos options #KerberosAuthentication no #KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes #KerberosTicketCleanup yes #KerberosGetAFSToken no # GSSAPI options #GSSAPIAuthentication no #GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes # Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing, # and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will # be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and # PasswordAuthentication. Depending on your PAM configuration, # PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass # the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password". # If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without # PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication # and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'. #UsePAM no AllowAgentForwarding yes AllowTcpForwarding yes GatewayPorts yes X11Forwarding yes X11DisplayOffset 10 X11UseLocalhost no #PrintMotd yes #PrintLastLog yes TCPKeepAlive yes #UseLogin no UsePrivilegeSeparation yes #PermitUserEnvironment no #Compression delayed #ClientAliveInterval 0 #ClientAliveCountMax 3 #UseDNS yes #PidFile /var/run/sshd.pid #MaxStartups 10 #PermitTunnel no #ChrootDirectory none # no default banner path #Banner none # override default of no subsystems Subsystem sftp /usr/sbin/sftp-server # Example of overriding settings on a per-user basis #Match User anoncvs #X11Forwarding yes #AllowTcpForwarding yes #ForceCommand cvs server I hope this information is enough to solve the problem. In case any more is needed please comment and I'll add it. Thank you for reading!

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  • Problem using a public key when connecting to a SSH server running on Cygwin

    - by Deleted
    We have installed Cygwin on a Windows Server 2008 Standard server and it working pretty well. Unfortunately we still have a big problem. We want to connect using a public key through SSH which doesn't work. It always falls back to using password login. We have appended our public key to ~/.ssh/authorized_keys on the server and we have our private and public key in ~/.ssh/id_dsa respective ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub on the client. When debugging the SSH login session we see that the key is offered by the server apparently rejects it by some unknown reason. The SSH output when connecting from an Ubuntu 9.10 desktop with debug information enabled: $ ssh -v 192.168.10.11 OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2, OpenSSL 0.9.8g 19 Oct 2007 debug1: Reading configuration data /home/myuseraccount/.ssh/config debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for debug1: Connecting to 192.168.10.11 [192.168.10.11] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /home/myuseraccount/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /home/myuseraccount/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/myuseraccount/.ssh/id_dsa type 2 debug1: Checking blacklist file /usr/share/ssh/blacklist.DSA-1024 debug1: Checking blacklist file /etc/ssh/blacklist.DSA-1024 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.3 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.3 pat OpenSSH debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Host '192.168.10.11' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/myuseraccount/.ssh/known_hosts:12 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering public key: /home/myuseraccount/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive debug1: Trying private key: /home/myuseraccount/.ssh/identity debug1: Trying private key: /home/myuseraccount/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Next authentication method: keyboard-interactive debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive debug1: Next authentication method: password [email protected]'s password: The version of Cygwin: $ uname -a CYGWIN_NT-6.0 servername 1.7.1(0.218/5/3) 2009-12-07 11:48 i686 Cygwin The installed packages: $ cygcheck -c Cygwin Package Information Package Version Status _update-info-dir 00871-1 OK alternatives 1.3.30c-10 OK arj 3.10.22-1 OK aspell 0.60.5-1 OK aspell-en 6.0.0-1 OK aspell-sv 0.50.2-2 OK autossh 1.4b-1 OK base-cygwin 2.1-1 OK base-files 3.9-3 OK base-passwd 3.1-1 OK bash 3.2.49-23 OK bash-completion 1.1-2 OK bc 1.06-2 OK bzip2 1.0.5-10 OK cabextract 1.1-1 OK compface 1.5.2-1 OK coreutils 7.0-2 OK cron 4.1-59 OK crypt 1.1-1 OK csih 0.9.1-1 OK curl 7.19.6-1 OK cvs 1.12.13-10 OK cvsutils 0.2.5-1 OK cygrunsrv 1.34-1 OK cygutils 1.4.2-1 OK cygwin 1.7.1-1 OK cygwin-doc 1.5-1 OK cygwin-x-doc 1.1.0-1 OK dash 0.5.5.1-2 OK diffutils 2.8.7-2 OK doxygen 1.6.1-2 OK e2fsprogs 1.35-3 OK editrights 1.01-2 OK emacs 23.1-10 OK emacs-X11 23.1-10 OK file 5.04-1 OK findutils 4.5.5-1 OK flip 1.19-1 OK font-adobe-dpi75 1.0.1-1 OK font-alias 1.0.2-1 OK font-encodings 1.0.3-1 OK font-misc-misc 1.1.0-1 OK fontconfig 2.8.0-1 OK gamin 0.1.10-10 OK gawk 3.1.7-1 OK gettext 0.17-11 OK gnome-icon-theme 2.28.0-1 OK grep 2.5.4-2 OK groff 1.19.2-2 OK gvim 7.2.264-1 OK gzip 1.3.12-2 OK hicolor-icon-theme 0.11-1 OK inetutils 1.5-6 OK ipc-utils 1.0-1 OK keychain 2.6.8-1 OK less 429-1 OK libaspell15 0.60.5-1 OK libatk1.0_0 1.28.0-1 OK libaudio2 1.9.2-1 OK libbz2_1 1.0.5-10 OK libcairo2 1.8.8-1 OK libcurl4 7.19.6-1 OK libdb4.2 4.2.52.5-2 OK libdb4.5 4.5.20.2-2 OK libexpat1 2.0.1-1 OK libfam0 0.1.10-10 OK libfontconfig1 2.8.0-1 OK libfontenc1 1.0.5-1 OK libfreetype6 2.3.12-1 OK libgcc1 4.3.4-3 OK libgdbm4 1.8.3-20 OK libgdk_pixbuf2.0_0 2.18.6-1 OK libgif4 4.1.6-10 OK libGL1 7.6.1-1 OK libglib2.0_0 2.22.4-2 OK libglitz1 0.5.6-10 OK libgmp3 4.3.1-3 OK libgtk2.0_0 2.18.6-1 OK libICE6 1.0.6-1 OK libiconv2 1.13.1-1 OK libidn11 1.16-1 OK libintl3 0.14.5-1 OK libintl8 0.17-11 OK libjasper1 1.900.1-1 OK libjbig2 2.0-11 OK libjpeg62 6b-21 OK libjpeg7 7-10 OK liblzma1 4.999.9beta-10 OK libncurses10 5.7-18 OK libncurses8 5.5-10 OK libncurses9 5.7-16 OK libopenldap2_3_0 2.3.43-1 OK libpango1.0_0 1.26.2-1 OK libpcre0 8.00-1 OK libpixman1_0 0.16.6-1 OK libpng12 1.2.35-10 OK libpopt0 1.6.4-4 OK libpq5 8.2.11-1 OK libreadline6 5.2.14-12 OK libreadline7 6.0.3-2 OK libsasl2 2.1.19-3 OK libSM6 1.1.1-1 OK libssh2_1 1.2.2-1 OK libssp0 4.3.4-3 OK libstdc++6 4.3.4-3 OK libtiff5 3.9.2-1 OK libwrap0 7.6-20 OK libX11_6 1.3.3-1 OK libXau6 1.0.5-1 OK libXaw3d7 1.5D-8 OK libXaw7 1.0.7-1 OK libxcb-render-util0 0.3.6-1 OK libxcb-render0 1.5-1 OK libxcb1 1.5-1 OK libXcomposite1 0.4.1-1 OK libXcursor1 1.1.10-1 OK libXdamage1 1.1.2-1 OK libXdmcp6 1.0.3-1 OK libXext6 1.1.1-1 OK libXfixes3 4.0.4-1 OK libXft2 2.1.14-1 OK libXi6 1.3-1 OK libXinerama1 1.1-1 OK libxkbfile1 1.0.6-1 OK libxml2 2.7.6-1 OK libXmu6 1.0.5-1 OK libXmuu1 1.0.5-1 OK libXpm4 3.5.8-1 OK libXrandr2 1.3.0-10 OK libXrender1 0.9.5-1 OK libXt6 1.0.7-1 OK links 1.00pre20-1 OK login 1.10-10 OK luit 1.0.5-1 OK lynx 2.8.5-4 OK man 1.6e-1 OK minires 1.02-1 OK mkfontdir 1.0.5-1 OK mkfontscale 1.0.7-1 OK openssh 5.4p1-1 OK openssl 0.9.8m-1 OK patch 2.5.8-9 OK patchutils 0.3.1-1 OK perl 5.10.1-3 OK rebase 3.0.1-1 OK run 1.1.12-11 OK screen 4.0.3-5 OK sed 4.1.5-2 OK shared-mime-info 0.70-1 OK tar 1.22.90-1 OK terminfo 5.7_20091114-13 OK terminfo0 5.5_20061104-11 OK texinfo 4.13-3 OK tidy 041206-1 OK time 1.7-2 OK tzcode 2009k-1 OK unzip 6.0-10 OK util-linux 2.14.1-1 OK vim 7.2.264-2 OK wget 1.11.4-4 OK which 2.20-2 OK wput 0.6.1-2 OK xauth 1.0.4-1 OK xclipboard 1.1.0-1 OK xcursor-themes 1.0.2-1 OK xemacs 21.4.22-1 OK xemacs-emacs-common 21.4.22-1 OK xemacs-sumo 2007-04-27-1 OK xemacs-tags 21.4.22-1 OK xeyes 1.1.0-1 OK xinit 1.2.1-1 OK xinput 1.5.0-1 OK xkbcomp 1.1.1-1 OK xkeyboard-config 1.8-1 OK xkill 1.0.2-1 OK xmodmap 1.0.4-1 OK xorg-docs 1.5-1 OK xorg-server 1.7.6-2 OK xrdb 1.0.6-1 OK xset 1.1.0-1 OK xterm 255-1 OK xz 4.999.9beta-10 OK zip 3.0-11 OK zlib 1.2.3-10 OK zlib-devel 1.2.3-10 OK zlib0 1.2.3-10 OK The ssh deamon configuration file: $ cat /etc/sshd_config # $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.80 2008/07/02 02:24:18 djm Exp $ # This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file. See # sshd_config(5) for more information. # This sshd was compiled with PATH=/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/bin # The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with # OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where # possible, but leave them commented. Uncommented options change a # default value. Port 22 #AddressFamily any #ListenAddress 0.0.0.0 #ListenAddress :: # Disable legacy (protocol version 1) support in the server for new # installations. In future the default will change to require explicit # activation of protocol 1 Protocol 2 # HostKey for protocol version 1 #HostKey /etc/ssh_host_key # HostKeys for protocol version 2 #HostKey /etc/ssh_host_rsa_key #HostKey /etc/ssh_host_dsa_key # Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key #KeyRegenerationInterval 1h #ServerKeyBits 1024 # Logging # obsoletes QuietMode and FascistLogging #SyslogFacility AUTH #LogLevel INFO # Authentication: #LoginGraceTime 2m #PermitRootLogin yes StrictModes no #MaxAuthTries 6 #MaxSessions 10 RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys # For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh_known_hosts #RhostsRSAAuthentication no # similar for protocol version 2 #HostbasedAuthentication no # Change to yes if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for # RhostsRSAAuthentication and HostbasedAuthentication #IgnoreUserKnownHosts no # Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files #IgnoreRhosts yes # To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here! #PasswordAuthentication yes #PermitEmptyPasswords no # Change to no to disable s/key passwords #ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes # Kerberos options #KerberosAuthentication no #KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes #KerberosTicketCleanup yes #KerberosGetAFSToken no # GSSAPI options #GSSAPIAuthentication no #GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes # Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing, # and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will # be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and # PasswordAuthentication. Depending on your PAM configuration, # PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass # the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password". # If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without # PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication # and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'. #UsePAM no AllowAgentForwarding yes AllowTcpForwarding yes GatewayPorts yes X11Forwarding yes X11DisplayOffset 10 X11UseLocalhost no #PrintMotd yes #PrintLastLog yes TCPKeepAlive yes #UseLogin no UsePrivilegeSeparation yes #PermitUserEnvironment no #Compression delayed #ClientAliveInterval 0 #ClientAliveCountMax 3 #UseDNS yes #PidFile /var/run/sshd.pid #MaxStartups 10 #PermitTunnel no #ChrootDirectory none # no default banner path #Banner none # override default of no subsystems Subsystem sftp /usr/sbin/sftp-server # Example of overriding settings on a per-user basis #Match User anoncvs #X11Forwarding yes #AllowTcpForwarding yes #ForceCommand cvs server I hope this information is enough to solve the problem. In case any more is needed please comment and I'll add it. Thank you for reading!

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  • Introducción a ENUM (E.164 Number Mapping)

    - by raul.goycoolea
    E.164 Number Mapping (ENUM o Enum) se diseñó para resolver la cuestión de como se pueden encontrar servicios de internet mediante un número telefónico, es decir cómo se pueden usar los los teléfonos, que solamente tienen 12 teclas, para acceder a servicios de Internet. La parte más básica de ENUM es por tanto la convergencia de las redes del STDP y la IP; ENUM hace que pueda haber una correspondencia entre un número telefónico y un identificador de Internet. En síntesis, Enum es un conjunto de protocolos para convertir números E.164 en URIs, y viceversa, de modo que el sistema de numeración E.164 tenga una función de correspondencia con las direcciones URI en Internet. Esta función es necesaria porque un número telefónico no tiene sentido en el mundo IP, ni una dirección IP tiene sentido en las redes telefónicas. Así, mediante esta técnica, las comunicaciones cuyo destino se marque con un número E.164, puedan terminar en el identificador correcto (número E.164 si termina en el STDP, o URI si termina en redes IP). La solución técnica de mirar en una base de datos cual es el identificador de destino tiene consecuencias muy interesantes, como que la llamada se pueda terminar donde desee el abonado llamado. Esta es una de las características que ofrece ENUM : el destino concreto, el terminal o terminales de terminación, no lo decide quien inicia la llamada o envía el mensaje sino la persona que es llamada o recibe el mensaje, que ha escrito sus preferencias en una base de datos. En otras palabras, el destinatario de la llamada decide cómo quiere ser contactado, tanto si lo que se le comunica es un email, o un sms, o telefax, o una llamada de voz. Cuando alguien quiera llamarle a usted, lo que tiene que hacer el llamante es seleccionar su nombre (el del llamado) en la libreta de direcciones del terminal o marcar su número ENUM. Una aplicación informática obtendrá de una base de datos los datos de contacto y disponibilidad que usted decidió. Y el mensaje le será remitido tal como usted especificó en dicha base de datos. Esto es algo nuevo que permite que usted, como persona llamada, defina sus preferencias de terminación para cualquier tipo de contenido. Por ejemplo, usted puede querer que todos los emails le sean enviados como sms o que los mensajes de voz se le remitan como emails; las comunicaciones ya no dependen de donde esté usted o deque tipo de terminal utiliza (teléfono, pda, internet). Además, con ENUM usted puede gestionar la portabilidad de sus números fijos y móviles. ENUM emplea una técnica de búsqueda indirecta en una base de datos que tiene los registros NAPTR ("Naming Authority Pointer Resource Records" tal como lo define el RFC 2915), y que utiliza el número telefónico Enum como clave de búsqueda, para obtener qué URIs corresponden a cada número telefónico. La base de datos que almacena estos registros es del tipo DNS.Si bien en uno de sus diversos usos sirve para facilitar las llamadas de usuarios de VoIP entre redes tradicionales del STDP y redes IP, debe tenerse en cuenta que ENUM no es una función de VoIP sino que es un mecanismo de conversión entre números/identificadores. Por tanto no debe ser confundido con el uso normal de enrutar las llamadas de VoIP mediante los protocolos SIP y H.323. ENUM puede ser muy útil para aquellas organizaciones que quieran tener normalizada la manera en que las aplicaciones acceden a los datos de comunicación de cada usuario. FundamentosPara que la convergencia entre el Sistema Telefónico Disponible al Público (STDP) y la Telefonía por Internet o Voz sobre IP (VoIP) y que el desarrollo de nuevos servicios multimedia tengan menos obstáculos, es fundamental que los usuarios puedan realizar sus llamadas tal como están acostumbrados a hacerlo, marcando números. Para eso, es preciso que haya un sistema universal de correspondencia de número a direcciones IP (y viceversa) y que las diferentes redes se puedan interconectar. Hay varias fórmulas que permiten que un número telefónico sirva para establecer comunicación con múltiples servicios. Una de estas fórmulas es el Electronic Number Mapping System ENUM, normalizado por el grupo de tareas especiales de ingeniería en Internet (IETF, Internet engineering task force), del que trata este artículo, que emplea la numeración E.164, los protocolos y la infraestructura telefónica para acceder indirectamente a diferentes servicios. Por tanto, se accede a un servicio mediante un identificador numérico universal: un número telefónico tradicional. ENUM permite comunicar las direcciones del mundo IP con las del mundo telefónico, y viceversa, sin problemas. Antes de entrar en mayores profundidades, conviene dar una breve pincelada para aclarar cómo se organiza la correspondencia entre números o URI. Para ello imaginemos una llamada que se inicia desde el servicio telefónico tradicional con destino a un número Enum. En ENUM Público, el abonado o usuario Enum a quien va destinada lallamada, habrá decidido incluir en la base de datos Enum uno o varios URI o números E.164, que forman una lista con sus preferencias para terminar la llamada. Y el sistema como se explica más adelante, elegirá cual es el número o URI adecuado para dicha terminación. Por tanto como resultado de la consulta a la base dedatos Enum siempre se da una relación unívoca entre el número Enum marcado y el de terminación, conforme a los deseos de la persona llamada.Variedades de ENUMUna posible fuente de confusión cuando se trata sobre ENUM es la variedad de soluciones o sistemas que emplean este calificativo. Lo habitual es que cuando se haga una referencia a ENUM se trate de uno de los siguientes casos: ENUM Público: Es la visión original de ENUM, como base de datos pública, parecida a un directorio, donde el abonado "opta" a ser incluido en la base de datos, que está gestionada en el dominio e164.arpa, delegando a cada país la gestión de la base de datos y la numeración. También se conoce como ENUM de usuario. Carrier ENUM, o ENUM Infraestructura, o de Operador: Cuando grupos de operadores proveedores de servicios de comunicaciones electrónicas acuerdan compartir la información de los abonados por medio de ENUM mediante acuerdos privados. En este caso son los operadores quienes controlan la información del abonado en vez de hacerlo (optar) los propios abonados. Carrier ENUM o ENUM de Operador también se conoce como Infrastructure ENUM o ENUM Infraestructura, y está siendo normalizado por IETF para la interconexión de VoIP (mediante acuerdos de peering). Como se explicará en la correspondiente sección, también se puede utilizar para la portabilidad o conservación de número. ENUM Privado: Un operador de telefonía o de VoIP, o un ISP, o un gran usuario, puede utilizar las técnicas de ENUM en sus redes y en las de sus clientes sin emplear DNS públicos, con DNS privados o internos. Resulta fácil imaginar como puede utilizarse esta técnica para que compañías multinacionales, o bancos, o agencias de viajes, tengan planes de numeración muy coherentes y eficaces. Cómo funciona ENUMPara conocer cómo funciona Enum, le remitimos a la página correspondiente a ENUM Público, puesto que esa variedad de Enum es la típica, la que dió lugar a todos los procedimientos y normas de IETF .Más detalles sobre: @page { margin: 0.79in } P { margin-bottom: 0.08in } H4 { margin-bottom: 0.08in } H4.ctl { font-family: "Lohit Hindi" } A:link { so-language: zxx } -- ENUM Público. En esta página se explica con cierto detalle como funciona Enum Carrier ENUM o ENUM de Operador ENUM Privado Normas técnicas: RFC 2915: NAPTR RR. The Naming Authority Pointer (NAPTR) DNS Resource Record RFC 3761: ENUM Protocol. The E.164 to Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI) Dynamic Delegation Discovery System (DDDS) Application (ENUM). (obsoletes RFC 2916). RFC 3762: Usage of H323 addresses in ENUM Protocol RFC 3764: Usage of SIP addresses in ENUM Protocol RFC 3824: Using E.164 numbers with SIP RFC 4769: IANA Registration for an Enumservice Containing Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) Signaling Information RFC 3026: Berlin Liaison Statement RFC 3953: Telephone Number Mapping (ENUM) Service Registration for Presence Services RFC 2870: Root Name Server Operational Requirements RFC 3482: Number Portability in the Global Switched Telephone Network (GSTN): An Overview RFC 2168: Resolution of Uniform Resource Identifiers using the Domain Name System Organizaciones relacionadas con ENUM RIPE - Adimistrador del nivel 0 de ENUM e164.arpa. ITU-T TSB - Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones ETSI - European Telecommunications Standards Institute VisionNG - Administrador del rango ENUM 878-10 IETF ENUM Chapter

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  • Why does Amazon release private keys instead of public keys?

    - by S37H
    My brain is wrapped around the axle on public and private keys. When you create a cloud server (instance) on Amazon's EC2 service and then want to connect to it via SSH, Amazon requires you to download private a key to make the connection. Doesn't the idea behind public/private key suggest that Amazon should be require you to download a public one? Further, if I set up an SFTP server for a customer to use, should I be installing their key on the server or giving them a key from the server? In either case, should it be a public or private key?

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