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• FreeNAS/ZFS/Raid-Z slightly different disks

  - by muskratt

  I'm considering using FreeNAS and "recycling" some of my older 1TB disks. Two are the exact same model Western Digital while another is Seagate and the fourth is Samsung. Typically, since all disks are not equal, I'll create my arrays on a Windows-based server 1GB undersized to prevent a replacement disk not being large enough. Dell is notorious for sending replacement SATA disks of different brand---knock on wood, no problems yet. Since not all drives are created equally and they can vary a few MBs, is there a way to make the the FreeNas/ZFS/Raid-Z function in the same way I do for my Windows-based servers above? Thanks

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• ZFS, dedupe and PST files

  - by Unreason

  I am interested to know what would be expected maximum dedupe ratio for a set of PST files. I have ~40G of pst files from ~15 usres with high level of duplication of attachments. I am running tests to see if I can have significant space savings if I store the data on ZFS with dedupe. For this purpose I have installed a test setup of Nexenta, but was wondering if someone here had already done this and what level of deduplication I might expect (or in another words how sensitive are pst files to block alignment and what are the parameters that can influence the ratio?). Initial test show very low dedupe ratio and I did find explanation that block level dedupe would not be efficient here and that byte level dedupe would be much better (and that it should be performed by application that is aware of internal organization), so I am just double checking here if someone have some more input. Otherwise I will probably be converting PST files to IMAP.

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• Zfs Drive config on FreeNas

  - by Martyn

  Couple of related questions. Background: I have a stock of drives lying about that I want to use in a HP Proliant Microserver which has a 4 slot SAS cage with FreeNas. I don't want to spend any more on parts. 1) With Zfs and RAIDZ, how bad would it be to mix 2 x 1TB Seagate Barracudas with 2 x 1TB WD Green drives. The latter Green drives are I believe only 5,400 RPM, but I can't find that info for sure. 2) Which would be better, the above mis-match in a RAIDZ or 2 x 3TB Seagate Barracuda in a mirror. Considering both performance and data security 3) I have a spare 250GB drive and a spare SATA slot (for optical drive, not sure on speed) as well, would that be a performance gain to use that for the ZIL and L2ARC (over just using the main drives). Thanks in advance.

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• Rsync fails for files that start with underscore when destination is zfs

  - by Eric

  everyone. I'm using rsync3.1.0pre1 on Mac OS X 10.8.5, and am trying to rsync one folder to another. The destination is a ZFS volume mounted via SMB. The problem I'm having is that files that start with underscore (e.g., '_filename.jpg') are not being successfully synced to the destination. I get the following error message: rsync: mkstemp "/path/to/destination/._filename.jpg.NUgYJw" failed: Permission denied (13) In this case, '_filename.jpg' does not make it to the destination. I understand that rsync creates hidden, temporary files at the destination which are preceded with '.' and have a random file extension appended on the end. But the original filename starts with '', not '.', and I haven't asked rsync to copy extended attributes / resource forks over (unless it always does it). The rsync command I'm using is: rsync -avE --exclude='.DS_Store' --exclude '.Trash' --exclude 'Thumbs.db' --exclude '._*' --delete /source/ /destination/ Has anyone found a way around this problem? Thank you!

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• ZFS Configuration advice

  - by rbarrette

  I need some advice on configuring ZFS. Here is what I have: Physical Disks: 4x 3 TB 2x 2 TB 2x 1 TB What is the best configuration for my Vdevs and storage pool. I want to maximaze space but still maintain redundancy. Should I just get 2 more 3TB's and just create 2x 3-3TB raid2z storage pools? Create a 1x 4-3TB raidz2 vdev? Can I put redundancy at the pool level and create individual vdevs for each drive and then add 2x 1TB+2TB striped vdevs to keep all vdevs the same size. Keep in mind I do need to migrate data from the smaller drives and am planning on adding more 3tb drives later on. What do you think?

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• Opensolaris, ZFS shares

  - by Random

  I've recently updated to OpenSolaris 2010.05 from 2009.06. Its currently set up to share one of the the ZFS zpools to the other machines on my network. However, only a single account is able to access these shares. My other accounts get refused when attempting to connect. File permissions are all correct - When logging into the machine directly with the other logins, I can see, and play with the files and directories as normal - Its just the share that gets refused. The interesting thing is, I could access the shares prior to upgrading. Nothing else was changed other than the straight upgrade. I am pretty sure there is no user specific sharing going on. What could be preventing others from accessing this zpool?

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• ZFS - zpool ARC cache plus L2ARC benchmarking

  - by jemmille

  I have been doing lots of I/O testing on a ZFS system I will eventually use to serve virtual machines. I thought I would try adding SSD's for use as cache to see how much faster I can get the read speed. I also have 24GB of RAM in the machine that acts as ARC. vol0 is 6.4TB and the cache disks are 60GB SSD's. The zvol is as follows: pool: vol0 state: ONLINE scrub: none requested config: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM vol0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c1t8d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 cache c3t5001517958D80533d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c3t5001517959092566d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 The issue is I'm not seeing any difference with the SSD's installed. I've tried bonnie++ benchmarks and some simple dd commands to write a file then read the file. I have run benchmarks before and after adding the SSD's. I've ensured the file sizes are at least double my RAM so there is no way it can all get cached locally. Am I missing something here? When am I going to see benefits of having all that cache? Am I simply not under these circumstances? Are the benchmark programs not good for testing the effect of cache because of the the way (and what) it writes and reads?

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• ZFS with L2ARC (SSD) slower for random seeks than without L2ARC

  - by Florian Kruse

  I am currently testing ZFS (Opensolaris 2009.06) in an older fileserver to evaluate its use for our needs. Our current setup is as follows: Dual core (2,4 GHz) with 4 GB RAM 3x SATA controller with 11 HDDs (250 GB) and one SSD (OCZ Vertex 2 100 GB) We want to evaluate the use of a L2ARC, so the current ZPOOL is: $ zpool status pool: tank state: ONLINE scrub: none requested config: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM afstank ONLINE 0 0 0 raidz1 ONLINE 0 0 0 c11t0d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c11t1d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c11t2d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c11t3d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 raidz1 ONLINE 0 0 0 c13t0d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c13t1d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c13t2d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c13t3d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 cache c14t3d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 where c14t3d0 is the SSD (of course). We run IO tests with bonnie++ 1.03d, size is set to 200 GB (-s 200g) so that the test sample will never be completely in ARC/L2ARC. The results without SSD are (average values over several runs which show no differences) write_chr write_blk rewrite read_chr read_blk random seeks 101.998 kB/s 214.258 kB/s 96.673 kB/s 77.702 kB/s 254.695 kB/s 900 /s With SSD it becomes interesting. My assumption was that the results should be in worst case at least the same. While write/read/rewrite rates are not different, the random seek rate differs significantly between individual bonnie++ runs (between 188 /s and 1333 /s so far), average is 548 +- 200 /s, so below the value w/o SSD. So, my questions are mainly: Why do the random seek rates differ so much? If the seeks are really random, they should not differ much (my assumption). So, even if the SSD is impairing the performance it should be the same in each bonnie++ run. Why is the random seek performance worse in most of the bonnie++ runs? I would assume that some part of the bonnie++ data is in the L2ARC and random seeks on this data performs better while random seeks on other data just performs similarly like before.

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• How do I add a second disk to my zfs root pool

  - by ankimal

  I am trying to add a new disk to my zfs root pool. Here is my current config: zpool status pool: rpool state: ONLINE scrub: none requested config: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM rpool ONLINE 0 0 0 c0d0s0 ONLINE 0 0 0 errors: No known data errors bash-3.00# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on rpool/ROOT/s10x_u7wos_08 311G 18G 293G 6% / swap 14G 384K 14G 1% /etc/svc/volatile /usr/lib/libc/libc_hwcap1.so.1 311G 18G 293G 6% /lib/libc.so.1 swap 14G 52K 14G 1% /tmp swap 14G 40K 14G 1% /var/run rpool/export 293G 19K 293G 1% /export rpool/export/home 430G 138G 293G 32% /export/home rpool 293G 36K 293G 1% /rpool # format Searching for disks...done AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS: 0. c0d0 <DEFAULT cyl 60797 alt 2 hd 255 sec 63> /pci@0,0/pci-ide@1f,2/ide@0/cmdk@0,0 1. c2d0 <Hitachi- JK1181YAHL0YK-0001-16777216.> /pci@0,0/pci-ide@1f,5/ide@1/cmdk@0,0 Disk 1 above is the new disk I need to attach to expand my root pool (give /export/home some extra space). If I try to attach my new disk to the pool # zpool attach -f rpool c0d0s0 c2d0s0 cannot attach c2d0s0 to c0d0s0: new device must be a single disk # uname -a SunOS dsol1 5.10 Generic_139556-08 i86pc i386 i86pc Solaris Any ideas?

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• Why are all of my ZFS snapshot directories empty?

  - by growse

  I'm running an Oracle 11 box as a ZFS storage appliance, and I'm taking regular snapshots of the ZFS filesystems, via cron. In the past, I know that if I wanted to grab a particular file from a snapshot, a read-only copy was kept in .zfs/snapshot/{name}/ and I could just navigate there and pull the file out. This is documented on Oracle's website. However, I went to do this the other day, and noticed that the ZFS directories within the snapshot directories are all empty. zfs list -t snapshot correctly shows the list of snapshots that should be present, and .zfs/snapshots correctly contains a directory for each snapshot, and in each snapshot there is a directory present for each ZFS filesystem. However, these directories appear to be empty. I just tested a restore by touching a file in a little-used share and rolling back to the latest hourly snapshot, and this appears to have worked fine. So the rollback functionality is there. Did Oracle change how snapshots are done? Or is something seriously wrong here?

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• zfs pool error, how to determine which drive failed in the past

  - by Kendrick

  I had been copying data from my pool so that I could rebuild it with a different version so that I could go away from solaris 11 and to one that is portable between freebsd/openindia etc. it was copying at 20mb a sec the other day which is about all my desktop drive can handle writing from the network. suddently lastnight it went down to 1.4mb i ran zpool status today and got this. pool: store state: ONLINE status: One or more devices has experienced an unrecoverable error. An attempt was made to correct the error. Applications are unaffected. action: Determine if the device needs to be replaced, and clear the errors using 'zpool clear' or replace the device with 'zpool replace'. see: http://www.sun.com/msg/ZFS-8000-9P scan: none requested config: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM store ONLINE 0 0 0 raidz1-0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c8t3d0p0 ONLINE 0 0 2 c8t4d0p0 ONLINE 0 0 10 c8t2d0p0 ONLINE 0 0 0 it is currently a 3 x1tb drive array. what tools would best be used to determine what the error was and which drive is failing. per the admin doc The second section of the configuration output displays error statistics. These errors are divided into three categories: READ – I/O errors occurred while issuing a read request. WRITE – I/O errors occurred while issuing a write request. CKSUM – Checksum errors. The device returned corrupted data as the result of a read request. it was saying low counts could be any thing from a power flux to a disk event but gave no suggestions as to what tools to check and determine with.

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• It's Coming: Chalk Talk with John

  - by Tanu Sood

  ...John Brunswick that is. Who is this John Brunswick, you ask? John Brunswick is an Enterprise Architect with Oracle. As an Oracle Enterprise Architect, John focuses on the alignment of technical capabilities in support of business vision and objectives, as well as the overall business value of technology. What's more he is pretty handy with animation and digital videos as you will see shortly. Starting tomorrow, we will host a bi-weekly column with John called "Chalk Talk with John". Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii- mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi- mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} In our "Chalk Talk with John" series, John will leverage his skills, experience and expertise (& his passion in digital animation) to discuss technology in business terms or as he puts it "so my ma understands what I do for a living". Through this series, John will explore the practical value of Middleware in the context of two fictional communities, shared through analogies aligned to enterprise technology.  This format offers business stakeholders and IT a common language for understanding the benefits of technology in support of their business initiatives, regardless of their current level of technical knowledge. So, be sure to tune in tomorrow and every 2 weeks for "Chalk Talk with John".

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• Does a 3ware "ECC-ERROR" matter on a JBOD when I have ZFS?

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  I have a FreeBSD 8.x machine running ZFS and with a 3ware 9690SA controller. The 3ware controller shows an ECC-ERROR with one of the disks: //host> /c0 show VPort Status Unit Size Type Phy Encl-Slot Model ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ p0 OK u0 279.39 GB SAS 0 - SEAGATE ST3300657SS p1 OK u0 279.39 GB SAS 1 - SEAGATE ST3300657SS p2 OK u1 931.51 GB SAS 2 - SEAGATE ST31000640SS p3 ECC-ERROR u2 931.51 GB SAS 3 - SEAGATE ST31000640SS p4 OK u3 931.51 GB SAS 4 - SEAGATE ST31000640SS /c0 show events shows no ECC errors in it's recent history. ZFS does not currently detect any errors. zpool status says No known data errors My question: Is this ECC-ERROR something that I need to be concerned about? According to the 3ware CLI 9.5.2 Manual, an ECC-ERROR means that the 3ware controller caught a read-error for one or more sectors on this drive. This sometimes occurs when a RAID array is recovering from a failed disk. I believe that ECC-ERRORS can also be detected when the 3ware Controller verifies each disk. None of the drives have failed and thus there was no drive rebuild, so I assume that 3ware discovered a bad sector when it ran it's weekly auto-verify scan of the disks. Is this a safe assumption? According to our logs, ZFS has not detected any bad sectors on this drive. ZFS can work around read errors -- if ZFS detects a bad sector on the drive, it will simply mark that sector as bad and never use it again. From the ZFS perspective one bad sector isn't a big deal, although it might indicate that the drive is starting to go bad.

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• Recover NTFS data from a ZFS pool that was exposed as an iSCSI target

  - by David

  This was me being stupid and the data is by no means critical and is now a learning experience first, time saver second. I set up a 100GB iSCSI target via the bare bone instructions in napp-it. It's a volume LU. I then had my Windows 7 machine connect to the iSCSI target, formatted it to NTFS, and tested the performance of it with some large iso file transfers. I then unmapped the drive, reconnected to the target, and was forced to format to NTFS again. It was then I realized the files I had transferred only existed on the iSCSI target. I threw a little fit and then went about my business. When I was cleaning up my experiment I noticed in this screen: http://imgur.com/1xlcu.jpg That is my experimental target tank/iSCSI and it still has a lot of data in it. Assuming my isos are still in this pool how would I go about recovering them? While writing this I used GetDataBackup for NTFS from www.runtime.org. And while it found two previous NTFS partitions there was no data.

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• How to recover zfs pool when root fs fails

  - by rage

  I have a FreeBSD 8.0 amd64 box w/ 1 ATA drive for system and 4 SATA drives as a RAIDZ pool. The ATA drive isn't mirrored nor part of any pool, but also doesn't hold any valuable data. How can I recover my zpool if this ATA drive fails for any reason, but assume my RAIDZ vdev SATA drives remain intact? Should I also use at least a mirror configuration for that?

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• ZFS for Database Log Files

  - by user12620111

  I've been troubled by drop outs in CPU usage in my application server, characterized by the CPUs suddenly going from close to 90% CPU busy to almost completely CPU idle for a few seconds. Here is an example of a drop out as shown by a snippet of vmstat data taken while the application server is under a heavy workload. # vmstat 1  kthr      memory            page            disk          faults      cpu  r b w   swap  free  re  mf pi po fr de sr s3 s4 s5 s6   in   sy   cs us sy id  1 0 0 130160176 116381952 0 16 0 0 0 0  0  0  0  0  0 207377 117715 203884 70 21 9  12 0 0 130160160 116381936 0 25 0 0 0 0 0  0  0  0  0 200413 117162 197250 70 20 9  11 0 0 130160176 116381920 0 16 0 0 0 0 0  0  1  0  0 203150 119365 200249 72 21 7  8 0 0 130160176 116377808 0 19 0 0 0 0  0  0  0  0  0 169826 96144 165194 56 17 27  0 0 0 130160176 116377800 0 16 0 0 0 0  0  0  0  0  1 10245 9376 9164 2  1 97  0 0 0 130160176 116377792 0 16 0 0 0 0  0  0  0  0  2 15742 12401 14784 4 1 95  0 0 0 130160176 116377776 2 16 0 0 0 0  0  0  1  0  0 19972 17703 19612 6 2 92  14 0 0 130160176 116377696 0 16 0 0 0 0 0  0  0  0  0 202794 116793 199807 71 21 8  9 0 0 130160160 116373584 0 30 0 0 0 0  0  0 18  0  0 203123 117857 198825 69 20 11 This behavior occurred consistently while the application server was processing synthetic transactions: HTTP requests from JMeter running on an external machine. I explored many theories trying to explain the drop outs, including: Unexpected JMeter behavior Network contention Java Garbage Collection Application Server thread pool problems Connection pool problems Database transaction processing Database I/O contention Graphing the CPU %idle led to a breakthrough: Several of the drop outs were 30 seconds apart. With that insight, I went digging through the data again and looking for other outliers that were 30 seconds apart. In the database server statistics, I found spikes in the iostat "asvc_t" (average response time of disk transactions, in milliseconds) for the disk drive that was being used for the database log files. Here is an example:                     extended device statistics     r/s    w/s   kr/s   kw/s wait actv wsvc_t asvc_t  %w  %b device     0.0 2053.6    0.0 8234.3  0.0  0.2    0.0    0.1   0  24 c3t60080E5...F4F6d0s0     0.0 2162.2    0.0 8652.8  0.0  0.3    0.0    0.1   0  28 c3t60080E5...F4F6d0s0     0.0 1102.5    0.0 10012.8  0.0  4.5    0.0    4.1   0  69 c3t60080E5...F4F6d0s0     0.0   74.0    0.0 7920.6  0.0 10.0    0.0  135.1   0 100 c3t60080E5...F4F6d0s0     0.0  568.7    0.0 6674.0  0.0  6.4    0.0   11.2   0  90 c3t60080E5...F4F6d0s0     0.0 1358.0    0.0 5456.0  0.0  0.6    0.0    0.4   0  55 c3t60080E5...F4F6d0s0     0.0 1314.3    0.0 5285.2  0.0  0.7    0.0    0.5   0  70 c3t60080E5...F4F6d0s0 Here is a little more information about my database configuration: The database and application server were running on two different SPARC servers. Storage for the database was on a storage array connected via 8 gigabit Fibre Channel Data storage and log file were on different physical disk drives Reliable low latency I/O is provided by battery backed NVRAM Highly available: Two Fibre Channel links accessed via MPxIO Two Mirrored cache controllers The log file physical disks were mirrored in the storage device Database log files on a ZFS Filesystem with cutting-edge technologies, such as copy-on-write and end-to-end checksumming Why would I be getting service time spikes in my high-end storage? First, I wanted to verify that the database log disk service time spikes aligned with the application server CPU drop outs, and they did: At first, I guessed that the disk service time spikes might be related to flushing the write through cache on the storage device, but I was unable to validate that theory. After searching the WWW for a while, I decided to try using a separate log device: # zpool add ZFS-db-41 log c3t60080E500017D55C000015C150A9F8A7d0 The ZFS log device is configured in a similar manner as described above: two physical disks mirrored in the storage array. This change to the database storage configuration eliminated the application server CPU drop outs: Here is the zpool configuration: # zpool status ZFS-db-41   pool: ZFS-db-41  state: ONLINE  scan: none requested config:         NAME                                     STATE         ZFS-db-41                                ONLINE           c3t60080E5...F4F6d0  ONLINE         logs           c3t60080E5...F8A7d0  ONLINE Now, the I/O spikes look like this:                     extended device statistics                  r/s    w/s   kr/s   kw/s wait actv wsvc_t asvc_t  %w  %b device     0.0 1053.5    0.0 4234.1  0.0  0.8    0.0    0.7   0  75 c3t60080E5...F8A7d0s0                     extended device statistics                  r/s    w/s   kr/s   kw/s wait actv wsvc_t asvc_t  %w  %b device     0.0 1131.8    0.0 4555.3  0.0  0.8    0.0    0.7   0  76 c3t60080E5...F8A7d0s0                     extended device statistics                  r/s    w/s   kr/s   kw/s wait actv wsvc_t asvc_t  %w  %b device     0.0 1167.6    0.0 4682.2  0.0  0.7    0.0    0.6   0  74 c3t60080E5...F8A7d0s0     0.0  162.2    0.0 19153.9  0.0  0.7    0.0    4.2   0  12 c3t60080E5...F4F6d0s0                     extended device statistics                  r/s    w/s   kr/s   kw/s wait actv wsvc_t asvc_t  %w  %b device     0.0 1247.2    0.0 4992.6  0.0  0.7    0.0    0.6   0  71 c3t60080E5...F8A7d0s0     0.0   41.0    0.0   70.0  0.0  0.1    0.0    1.6   0   2 c3t60080E5...F4F6d0s0                     extended device statistics                  r/s    w/s   kr/s   kw/s wait actv wsvc_t asvc_t  %w  %b device     0.0 1241.3    0.0 4989.3  0.0  0.8    0.0    0.6   0  75 c3t60080E5...F8A7d0s0                     extended device statistics                  r/s    w/s   kr/s   kw/s wait actv wsvc_t asvc_t  %w  %b device     0.0 1193.2    0.0 4772.9  0.0  0.7    0.0    0.6   0  71 c3t60080E5...F8A7d0s0 We can see the steady flow of 4k writes to the ZIL device from O_SYNC database log file writes. The spikes are from flushing the transaction group. Like almost all problems that I run into, once I thoroughly understand the problem, I find that other people have documented similar experiences. Thanks to all of you who have documented alternative approaches. Saved for another day: now that the problem is obvious, I should try "zfs:zfs_immediate_write_sz" as recommended in the ZFS Evil Tuning Guide. References: The ZFS Intent Log Solaris ZFS, Synchronous Writes and the ZIL Explained ZFS Evil Tuning Guide: Cache Flushes ZFS Evil Tuning Guide: Tuning ZFS for Database Performance

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• What free space thresholds/limits are advisable for 640 GB and 2 TB hard disk drives with ZEVO ZFS on OS X?

  - by Graham Perrin

  Assuming that free space advice for ZEVO will not differ from advice for other modern implementations of ZFS … Question Please, what percentages or amounts of free space are advisable for hard disk drives of the following sizes? 640 GB 2 TB Thoughts A standard answer for modern implementations of ZFS might be "no more than 96 percent full". However if apply that to (say) a single-disk 640 GB dataset where some of the files most commonly used (by VirtualBox) are larger than 15 GB each, then I guess that blocks for those files will become sub optimally spread across the platters with around 26 GB free. I read that in most cases, fragmentation and defragmentation should not be a concern with ZFS. Sill, I like the mental picture of most fragments of a large .vdi in reasonably close proximity to each other. (Do features of ZFS make that wish for proximity too old-fashioned?) Side note: there might arise the question of how to optimise performance after a threshold is 'broken'. If it arises, I'll keep it separate. Background On a 640 GB StoreJet Transcend (product ID 0x2329) in the past I probably went beyond an advisable threshold. Currently the largest file is around 17 GB –  – and I doubt that any .vdi or other file on this disk will grow beyond 40 GB. (Ignore the purple masses, those are bundles of 8 MB band files.) Without HFS Plus: the thresholds of twenty, ten and five percent that I associate with Mobile Time Machine file system need not apply. I currently use ZEVO Community Edition 1.1.1 with Mountain Lion, OS X 10.8.2, but I'd like answers to be not too version-specific. References, chronological order ZFS Block Allocation (Jeff Bonwick's Blog) (2006-11-04) Space Maps (Jeff Bonwick's Blog) (2007-09-13) Doubling Exchange Performance (Bizarre ! Vous avez dit Bizarre ?) (2010-03-11) … So to solve this problem, what went in 2010/Q1 software release is multifold. The most important thing is: we increased the threshold at which we switched from 'first fit' (go fast) to 'best fit' (pack tight) from 70% full to 96% full. With TB drives, each slab is at least 5GB and 4% is still 200MB plenty of space and no need to do anything radical before that. This gave us the biggest bang. Second, instead of trying to reuse the same primary slabs until it failed an allocation we decided to stop giving the primary slab this preferential threatment as soon as the biggest allocation that could be satisfied by a slab was down to 128K (metaslab_df_alloc_threshold). At that point we were ready to switch to another slab that had more free space. We also decided to reduce the SMO bonus. Before, a slab that was 50% empty was preferred over slabs that had never been used. In order to foster more write aggregation, we reduced the threshold to 33% empty. This means that a random write workload now spread to more slabs where each one will have larger amount of free space leading to more write aggregation. Finally we also saw that slab loading was contributing to lower performance and implemented a slab prefetch mechanism to reduce down time associated with that operation. The conjunction of all these changes lead to 50% improved OLTP and 70% reduced variability from run to run … OLTP Improvements in Sun Storage 7000 2010.Q1 (Performance Profiles) (2010-03-11) Alasdair on Everything » ZFS runs really slowly when free disk usage goes above 80% (2010-07-18) where commentary includes: … OpenSolaris has changed this in onnv revision 11146 … [CFT] Improved ZFS metaslab code (faster write speed) (2010-08-22)

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• Can I choose a sparse file as vdev for a zfs pool?

  - by Karl Richter

  man zpool states that a vdev for a zfs pool can be a "regular file". Can I specify a sparse file (the warning about the integrity of the file being determined by the underlying filesystem should apply with the same relevance for a sparse file)? The ZFS administration guide on https://pthree.org/2012/12/04/zfs-administration-part-i-vdevs/ states that file vdevs "must be preallocated, and not sparse files or thin provisioned" (thanks to @jlliagre). On https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Experimenting_with_ZFS sparse files are used without any comment.

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• Does ZFS replace the need for hardware/software RAID?

  - by user53744

  I want to provide protection against data loss on my servers. Typically, I'd use hardware RAID 1 or 5, but I've been reading up on ZFS. Is it correct that ZFS itself provides RAID 1 or 5 like data protection WITHOUT needing a RAID controller card? If so, I assume a single hard drive is not enough to provide data protection since if that drive fails, all data fails, so how many hard drives do I need to be running for ZFS to provide this protection?

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• How to NFSv4 share a ZFS file system on FreeBSD?

  - by Sandra

  Using FreeBSD 9, and created a ZFS file system like so zfs create tank/project1 zfs set sharenfs=on tank/project1 There are many howto's on setting up NFSv3 on FreeBSD on the net, but I can't find any one NFSv4 and when the NFS share is done with ZFS. E.g. this howto say I have to restart the (NFSv3) by nfsd -u -t -n 4, but I don't even have nfsd. When I do # echo /usr/ports/*/*nfs* /usr/ports/net-mgmt/nfsen /usr/ports/net/nfsshell /usr/ports/net/pcnfsd /usr/ports/net/unfs3 /usr/ports/sysutils/fusefs-chironfs /usr/ports/sysutils/fusefs-funionfs /usr/ports/sysutils/fusefs-unionfs # I don't see any NFSv4 servers, which I could install with pkg_add. Question How do I install and setup NFSv4, so I can mount the share from e.g. a Linux host?

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• Article about Sun ZFS Storage Appliances

  - by Owen Allen

  Sun ZFS Storage Appliances are versatile storage systems. Discovering and managing them in Ops Center, though, makes them even more versatile. If you discover a Sun ZFS Storage Appliance in Ops Center 12c, you can create iSCSI and Fibre Channel LUNS, and make the LUNs available to server pools and virtualization hosts as a storage library. Barbara Higgins has written an excellent article that walks you through the process of setting up a Sun ZFS Storage Appliance and discovering and managing it in Ops Center. If you're looking into ways to make a Sun ZFS Storage Appliance work for you, it's worth a look.

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• Oracle's ZFS Storage Appliance Simulator

  - by Steen Schmidt

  To those of you who has not played with the Oracle's ZFS Storage Appliance, but would like to. You should go an take a look at the Oracle's ZFS Storage Appliance Simulator. You can download this Oracle's ZFS Storage Appliance Simulator here, It will give you a pretty good idear what this unik product is capable of provide for you business.  You can also go and see a demo on how to set the appliance up in Oracle VirtualBox Demo Here. You find Oracle Virtualbox here

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• Sun ZFS Storage Appliance 7120, 7320 ??????

  - by user13138569

  Sun ZFS Storage Appliance 7320 ????????????????????? 7120 ??????????????? ????????????????????????????? Sun ZFS Storage Appliance 7320 ????? Memory 24GB,48GB,72GB 96GB, 144GB ??????(??) 288TB 432TB ???????????(??) 16 24 Shelf? 4 6 Sun ZFS Storage Appliance 7120 ????? Memory 24GB 48GB ????????????????????????????????? 2011.1.2.1 ??????????

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• ??????Sun ZFS Storage Appliance?????????????????·?????????

  - by Norihito Yachita

  ??????????????·????????Sun ZFS Storage 7320 Appliance??????????????????????????????????????IaaS(Infrastructure as a Service)???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????11?15?????????????4,000?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????·??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????InfiniBand???????????????????Sun ZFS Storage 7320 Appliance?????2011?5??????????6????????????????????????Sun ZFS Storage 7320 Appliance???????·???????

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• Setting up a home server - what to use? (ZFS vs btrfs, BSD vs Linux, misc other requirements)

  - by monch1962

  I need to get all our home content off individual machines and onto a central server. What I'd like to have is the metaphorical "server under the stairs". Stuff we need: expandable storage. I want to be able to add extra disc as we go along, with minimal maintenance required. Currently we've got about 3Tb of files we need to host, and that's likely to grow by another Tb every 6-12 months based on recent history. I need to be able to add additional disc with minimal pain needs to store all the media (i.e. photos, video, music) we have, and run services to serve the various devices we have in the house to playback (e.g. DAAP so we can play stuff through iTunes, ccxstream so we can play stuff over XBMC). DAAP and ccxstream are needed now, but we also need to support new standards as they emerge (so a closed-box solution isn't going to work) RAID 5, or something broadly equivalent (e.g. RAID-Z) BitTorrent client ssh, NFS, Samba access snapshot capability (as in ZFS), so we can snapshot individual file systems regularly and rollback when my kids delete their school assignments the day before they're due... ability to recover quickly from power outages (it's not unusual for us to have power outages that last longer than our UPS' batteries) FOSS software a modern distributed version control system running on the box, such as Mercurial Stuff I'd like to have on the server, but can live without: PVR capability, so I could record TV to the box Web server. We currently run a small Web server on a very old box, and I'd ideally like to turn the old box off and move the content to the new server just to save some electricity Nagios + mrtg I've been looking at using a EEE Box as the server, primarily because I can get them cheap and they don't consume much power. The choice of OS and file system is more difficult, from what I've found: I've got most experience with various Linux distros, but am happy to use another Unix FreeBSD and OpenSolaris seem to be the best choices for hosting ZFS OpenSolaris' hardware support is nowhere near as good as e.g. Ubuntu btrfs, while looking very good, doesn't seem ready for prime-time yet ZFS doesn't let you (easily?) add new discs to a RAID5 or RAID-Z reading around, it seems that ZFS is a bit short of tools for recovering lost data At the moment, I'm leaning towards running FreeNAS+ZFS, but I'm concerned about the requirement to be able to add new disc on a fairly regular basis to an existing RAID-Z. Can anyone provide some recommendations, or share experiences? Thanks in advance

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