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• appending text to all files that starts with a string

  - by learner135

  How do I append a string to all the files in a directory that starts with a particular string? I tried, cat mysig >> F* But instead of appending contents of mysig to all files starting with F, it creates a file named "F*". Obviously wildcard doesn't seem to work. Any alternatives? Thanks in advance. Edit: Also how do I delete this newly created file "F*" safely?. Using rm F* would delete all the files starting with F which I wouldn't want.

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• Shortest command to calculate the sum of a column of output on Unix?

  - by Andrew

  I'm sure there is a quick and easy way to calculate the sum of a column of values on Unix systems (using something like awk or xargs perhaps), but writing a shell script to parse the rows line by line is the only thing that comes to mind at the moment. For example, what's the simplest way to modify the command below to compute and display the total for the SEGSZ column (70300)? ipcs -mb | head -6 IPC status from /dev/kmem as of Mon Nov 17 08:58:17 2008 T ID KEY MODE OWNER GROUP SEGSZ Shared Memory: m 0 0x411c322e --rw-rw-rw- root root 348 m 1 0x4e0c0002 --rw-rw-rw- root root 61760 m 2 0x412013f5 --rw-rw-rw- root root 8192

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• How to manage reports/files distribution to different destinations in Unix?

  - by mossie

  The reporting tools will generate a huge numbers of reports/files in the file system (a Unix directory). There's a list of destinations (email addresses and shared folders) where a different set of reports/files (can have overlap) are required to be distributed at each destinations. Would like to know if there's a way to efficiently manage this reports delivery using shell scripts so that the maintenance of the list of reports and destinations will not become a mess in future. It's quite an open ended question, the constraint however is that it should work within the boundaries of managing the reports in a Unix FS.

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• `export PS1='value'` does not propagate to (Korn) subshells for root?

  - by user319845

  Please consider the following /root/.profile: export PS1=value1 export x=value2 How come the login shell shows the expected prompt (and $x as value2), while the subshells keep showing $x as value2 but $PS1 as '#'? Just in case, I'm trying this under OpenBSD. [Yeah, I know... What on earth am I doing with OpenBSD if I don't know this? Just toying... in an isolated, most definitely non-production VM =).]

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• How to find files older than N days from a given timestamp

  - by JGeZau

  I want to find files older than N days from a given timestamp in format YYYYMMDDHH I can find file older than 2 days with the below command, but this finds files with present time find /path/to/dir -mtime -2 -type f -ls Lets say I give the input timeSamp=2011093009 so I want to find files older than 2 days from 2011093009 Been doing my research, but can't seem to figure it out. ========================================== Found the solution...see below for my Answer.. Thanks

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• How to boot RHEL with no bash?

  - by nmelmun

  How can I boot a RHEL VM if I deleted /bin/bash? When trying to boot, I now get the following error: "INIT: Cannot execute "/etc/rc/d/rc.sysinit" The next thing I tried was to modify the kernel boot parameters by adding init=/bin/ksh at the end of the line, which gave me a functional shell. After this, in order to get write permissions, I remounted the root partition with: mount -o remount,rw / Then I tried to boot using ksh as the shell by tricking the system into thinking it's bash: ln -s /bin/ksh /bin/bash Then restarted the system normally. Unfortunately this didnt work since ksh is not compatible and /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit uses several bash-specific tricks. Does anyone else have a suggestion on how I could get the system to boot normally without reinstalling bash?

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• Diff 2 large XML files to produce a delta xml file

  - by aniln

  Need to be able to diff 2 large / very large XML files and produce the delta XML file. Also, as this process will be part of a larger automated process on below hardware / OS config. Machine hardware: sun4v OS version: 5.10 Processor type: sparc Hardware: SUNW,SPARC-Enterprise-T5220 Please let me know if there's an installable application on Solaris which can be called as part of a ksh script Example: Run driver_script.ksh Above script will have a line: xml_delta file1.xml file2.xml delta_file.xml where xml_delta is the installable application which produces the delta file after comparing file1.xml and file2.xml

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• Working with Windows and Unix

  - by user554629

  Beware of new line characters One of the most frequent issues we encounter in Tech Support is the corruption of files that are transferred between Windows and Unix.   The transfer can occur at any stage, but ultimately involves a transfer of a file using an ftp client that is running on Windows;  it could be ftp or filezilla. Windows uses two characters to mark the end of a line in a text file (CR/LF),carriage return, linefeed.   Unix uses a single character (CR). In all situations, it is best to use binary mode transfer for all files, including ascii text files. Common problems: upload a core file from unix to windows using ftp in ascii mode.The file is going to be larger on Windows than Unix.ftp doesn't know if this is a text file with real line-ends, it takes every ascii CR and transmits two ascii characters CR/LF.The core file, tar file, library ... will be corrupted when transferred to Oracle. download a shell script to Windows, and transfer it to Unix using ftpIf the file is edited on Windows, the unix script line-end chars will be doubled.Unix doesn't know how to handle that, and will likely tell you the script is not executable.Why?  The first line of a shell script ( called "sh-bang" ), identifies the command interpreter the unix shell should use for this script.   Common examples:#/bin/sh#/bin/ksh#/bin/bash#/bin/perl#/bin/sh^M    # will not be understood.#/bin/env ksh # special syntax.  Find ksh and run it dos2unix is a common utility found on most unix platforms, that repairs the issue of Windows LineEnd characters in unix script files.   I've written my own flavor of this utility for use in Tech Support and build environments, that is a bit easier to use, and has some nice side-effects. accepts a list of files:   dos2unix *.sh repairs the file in-place.  Doesn't generate a new file you have to name retains the same timestamp;  it is the encoding that changed, not the file content. Here are the versions of dos2unix for each of the environments we work in.They are compressed with gzip, to avoid the ftp ascii transfer trap,and because I am quite limited in the number of files I can upload to this blog. AIX Linux Solaris sparc  Windows 

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• iPhone contacts app styled indexed table view implementation

  - by KSH

  My Requirement: I have this straight forward requirement of listing names of people in alphabetical order in a Indexed table view with index titles being the starting letter of alphabets (additionally a search icon at the top and # to display misc values which start with a number and other special characters). What I have done so far: 1. I am using core data for storage and "last_name" is modelled as a String property in the Contacts entity 2.I am using a NSFetchedResultsController to display the sorted indexed table view. Issues accomplishing my requirement: 1. First up, I couldn't get the section index titles to be the first letter of alphabets. Dave's suggestion in the following post, helped me achieve the same: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1112521/nsfetchedresultscontroller-with-sections-created-by-first-letter-of-a-string The only issue I encountered with Dave' suggestion is that I couldn't get the misc named grouped under "#" index. What I have tried: 1. I tried adding a custom compare method to NSString (category) to check how the comparison and section is made but that custom method doesn't get called when specified in the NSSortDescriptor selector. Here is some code: `@interface NSString (SortString) -(NSComparisonResult) customCompare: (NSString*) aStirng; @end @implementation NSString (SortString) -(NSComparisonResult) customCompare:(NSString *)aString { NSLog(@"Custom compare called to compare : %@ and %@",self,aString); return [self caseInsensitiveCompare:aString]; } @end` Code to fetch data: `NSArray *sortDescriptors = [NSArray arrayWithObject:[[[NSSortDescriptor alloc] initWithKey:@"last_name" ascending:YES selector:@selector(customCompare:)] autorelease]]; [fetchRequest setSortDescriptors:sortDescriptors]; fetchedResultsController = [[NSFetchedResultsController alloc] initWithFetchRequest:fetchRequest managedObjectContext:managedObjectContext sectionNameKeyPath:@"lastNameInitial" cacheName:@"MyCache"];` Can you let me know what I am missing and how the requirement can be accomplished ?

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• Memory leaks in libxml2.2

  - by KSH

  I am using libxml2 to parse xml content in my iPhone app. The xml content is downloaded from a server similar to the Apple's own TopSongs sample app. When I check for leaks using the Instruments tool, I see memory leaks being reported on xmlNewParserCtxt, xmlNewInputStream and xmlAllocParserInputBuffer. I have called xmlFreeParserCtxt(context) at applicable places (dealloc). Am I missing something else ? Is this a known issue to contend with when using libxml2 parsers ?

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• VC++ to C# migration guidelines/approaches/Issues

  - by KSH

  Hi all, We are planning to move few of our VC++ Legacy products to C# with .NET platform.. I am in the process of collecting the relavent information before making the proposal to give optimistic and effective approach to clients. Am looking for the following details. Any general guidelines in migration of VC++ to C#.NET What are the issues that a team can face when we take up this activity Are there any existing approaches available ? I believe many might have tried but may not have detailed information, but consolidating this under this would help not only me but anyone who look for these information. Any good / valid resources available on internet? Any suggestions from Microsoft team if any Microsoft people in this group? Architecture, components design approaches, etc. Please help me in getting these information, each penny would help me to gain good understanding.. Thanks in advance to those who will share their wisdom thorough this query.

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• Why does my perl script return a zero return code when I explicitly call exit with a non-zero parame

  - by Tom Duckering

  I have a perl script which calls another script. The perl script should be propagating the script's return code but seems to be returning zero to its caller (a Java application) desipte the explicit call to exit $scriptReturnCode. It's probably something dumb since I'm by no means a perl expert. Code and output as follows (I realise that <=> could/should be != but that's what I have): print "INFO: Calling ${scriptDirectory}/${script} ${args}" $scriptReturnCode = system("${scriptDirectory}/${script} ${args}"); if ( $scriptReturnCode <=> 0 ) { print "ERROR: The script returned $scriptReturnCode\n"; exit $scriptReturnCode; } else { print "INFO: The script returned $scriptReturnCode.\n"; exit 0; } The output I have from my Java is: 20/04/2010 14:40:01 - INFO: Calling /path/to/script/script.ksh arg1 arg2 20/04/2010 14:40:01 - Could not find installer files <= this is from the script.ksh 20/04/2010 14:40:01 - ERROR: The script returned 256 20/04/2010 14:40:01 - Command Finished. Exit Code: 0 <= this is the Java app.

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• What regular expression can I use to match an IP address?

  - by jennifer

  With the following grep syntax I want to match all IP address in a file (from a ksh script) grep '[0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}' file The problem: It also matches words (IP) that have more then 4 octets: 1.1.1.1.1 or 192.1.1.1.160 How can I match a valid IP and only IP addresses with 4 octets? I can also use Perl – a one line syntax solution, if grep doesn't work.

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• command history across multiple PuTTy sessions in SunOS 5.10

  - by foampile

  I have multiple PuTTy sessions open to my SunOS 5.10 server, and I am using ksh, and SOMETIMES the command history is shared among the different sessions and SOMETIMES it is not. I cannot figure out what determines whether it is or is not shared. By shared what I mean is that a command run in one session will be seen as previous command run in another session. I prefer it not to be shared, is there a config setting for that? Thanks

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• cygwin, PATH problem?

  - by jayjaypg22

  I run a .ksh containing a awk call. awk.exe and his shortcut awk is in /bin/awk, /bin is in the PATH environment variable. But when I try to launch awk, I have this error message : bash: /usr/bin/awk: no such file or directory Why didn't bash look for it in the /bin folder too? edit : tar has the same rights, tar.exe is in /bin and can be listed in /usr/bin/, the exact same way than awk. Tar works fine whereas awk not.

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• cygwin, PATH problem?

  - by jayjaypg22

  I run a .ksh containing a awk call. awk.exe and his shortcut awk is in /bin/awk, /bin is in the PATH environment variable. But when I try to launch awk, I have this error message : bash: /usr/bin/awk: no such file or directory Why didn't bash look for it in the /bin folder too? edit : tar has the same rights, tar.exe is in /bin and can be listed in /usr/bin/, the exact same way than awk. Tar works fine whereas awk not.

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• Check if a program exists in bash

  - by ~rojanu

  I am trying to check if md5sum or digest exists on solaris and script is used on different machines. Here is the function in sh script which is called from a ksh script getMD5cmd () { PATH="${PATH}:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sfw/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin/bin" if type -p md5sum;then MD5CMD=`type -p md5sum` elif type -p digest;then MD5CMD="`type -p digest` -a md5" fi echo "HERE ${MD5CMD}" } When I run scripts I get -p not found md5sum not found -p not found digest is /bin/digest HERE However, when I type it in a terminal, works as exptected Any Ideas? Thanks

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• Command passed as argument to shell script

  - by raj_arni

  Hi, I want to pass a command to a shell script. This command is a grep command. While executing I am getting the following errors, please help: myscript.sh "egrep 'ERROR|FATAL' \*20100428\*.log | grep -v aString" myscript.sh is a simple script: #!/bin/ksh cd log $1 the errors are: egrep: can't open | egrep: can't open grep egrep: can't open -v egrep: can't open aString Error is because egrap sees |, grep, -v and aString as arguments.

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• How do I use Perl's chdir operator?

  - by T. Gruhn

  In ksh, I'd use cd /usr/src/sys How should I write it in Perl? A conversion such as cd /usr/src/sys ---> chdir '/usr/src/sys' Maybe the following would be better: execute "chdir '/usr/src/sys' "

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• Pie chart of *nix shell use [closed]

  - by hayk.mart

  I've encountered a situation where it would be very helpful to know the breakdown of shell use by percentage. For example, I'm looking for something like bash: X%, sh: Y%, csh, tcsh, zsh, ksh, dash, etc.. Obviously, I know there are several complications - multiple shells, the definition of "use", uncertainty and so forth, but I would like to see an informed answer derived from actual data and based on some stated metric, even if the result could be horribly wrong. Bonus if there is historical data demonstrating a shift in preferences.

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• grep value inside a variable pointing to other variable

  - by Joice

  using : ksh *abc = 1 efg = 2 hgd = 3 not known to me * say if i have Value="abc efg hgd" abc efg hgd all contains some value which i dnt know. Now I want to grep the value contained inside abc. like for i in $Value do grep "echo $(($((echo $i | cut -d'|' -f2))))" done this grep should look for the value inside abc efg hgd grep 1 grep 2 grep 3

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• OpenBSD configuration: Client unable to mount via NFS using Berkeley Automounter (amd)

  - by Rilindo

  What I am trying to do is to have my openBSD client (OpenBSD 4.9) auto mount a Linux NFS file system (Scientific Linux 6.1). So far, I am not sure if it is configured correctly. To get things out of the way, I am able to mount nfs manually: # mount_nfs -T -3 192.168.15.100:/exports /mnt # ls -la /mnt total 52 drwxr-xr-x 7 root wheel 4096 Oct 4 22:42 . drwxr-xr-x 16 root wheel 512 Nov 26 16:33 .. drwxrwxr-x 5 _sndio _sndio 4096 Oct 31 21:58 centos drwxr-xr-x 15 root wheel 4096 Nov 6 09:17 home drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 4096 Oct 31 21:27 sl drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 4096 Nov 19 16:02 sles drwxr-xr-x 17 503 503 4096 Nov 10 17:37 users # So connectivity is not an issue, as far as I can tell. As per man page, the following is configured in /etc/amd/auto.home: /defaults type:=nfs;sublink:=${key};opts:=rw,soft,intr,vers=3,proto=tcp * rhost:=192.168.15.100;rfs:=/exports In turn, /etc/amd/master is configured as such: # cat /etc/amd/master /exports amd.home Upon reboot, I can it see mount, but curiously enough, instead of the hostname: amd:24490 0 0 0 100% /exports From what I understand, amd acts a little different from FreeBSD. Still, I tried to see if I it can automount. Nope: ksh: cd: /exports/users - Resource temporarily unavailable # cd /exports/192.168.15.100/host/users ksh: cd: /exports/192.168.15.100/host/users - Resource temporarily unavailable A search in google doesn't help too much - it seems that automounting NFS with OpenBSD is not something that is usually done. Other than this, information is fairly sparse. I can, of course, always mount is permanently, but I tend to be a bit anal on convention, so no for now. :) Some direction would be appreciation. (And oh, in case you are a wondering, I tried FreeBSD way of using amd and that hasn't worked out - although I wouldn't mind an explanation of the difference between how FreeBSD implements and how OpenBSD implements it) UPDATE: After re-writing the map file several times, I got as far as actually communicating with the NFS server with this configuration: /defaults type:=nfs;rhost:=kerberos.monzell.com;rfs:=/exports;\ sublink:=${key};opts:=rw,nodev,nosuid,soft,intr,tcp,resvport * ${host}==${rhost};type:=nfs;fs:=${rfs};opts:=rw,nodev,nosuid,soft,intr,tcp,resvport However, for some reason, it seems that amd will only default to NFS version 2 over udp: # tcpdump dst kerberos tcpdump: listening on pcn0, link-type EN10MB tcpdump: WARNING: compensating for unaligned libpcap packets 20:38:28.558385 openbsd.monzell.com.856 > kerberos.monzell.com.sunrpc: udp 100 20:38:28.559154 openbsd.monzell.com.856 > kerberos.monzell.com.892: udp 96 20:38:30.592761 openbsd.monzell.com.856 > kerberos.monzell.com.nfsd: xid 0x22000000 (NFSv2) 40 null 20:38:33.558107 arp reply openbsd.monzell.com is-at 52:54:00:52:8f:66 I tried various options of forcing it to try to mount as nfsv3 such as: /defaults type:=nfs;rhost:=kerberos.monzell.com;rfs:=/exports;\ sublink:=${key};opts:=rw,nodev,nosuid,soft,intr,vers=3,proto=tcp,resvport * ${host}==${rhost};type:=nfs;fs:=${rfs};opts:=rw,nodev,nosuid,soft,intr,vers=3,proto=tcp,resvport or: /defaults type:=nfs;rhost:=kerberos.monzell.com;rfs:=/exports;\ sublink:=${key};opts:=rw,nodev,nosuid,soft,intr,vers=-3,proto=tcp,resvport * ${host}==${rhost};type:=nfs;fs:=${rfs};opts:=rw,nodev,nosuid,soft,intr,vers=3,proto=tcp,resvport Nothing yet still. Curious enough, OpenBSD mounts defaults to version 3, so I am not sure why it would start with version in amd. What would be the correct options to pass?

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• OpenBSD configuration: Client unable to automount via NFS using amd

  - by Rilindo

  What I am trying to do is to have my openBSD client (OpenBSD 4.9) auto mount a Linux NFS file system (Scientific Linux 6.1). So far, I am not sure if it is configured correctly. To get things out of the way, I am able to mount nfs manually: # mount_nfs -T -3 192.168.15.100:/exports /mnt # ls -la /mnt total 52 drwxr-xr-x 7 root wheel 4096 Oct 4 22:42 . drwxr-xr-x 16 root wheel 512 Nov 26 16:33 .. drwxrwxr-x 5 _sndio _sndio 4096 Oct 31 21:58 centos drwxr-xr-x 15 root wheel 4096 Nov 6 09:17 home drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 4096 Oct 31 21:27 sl drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 4096 Nov 19 16:02 sles drwxr-xr-x 17 503 503 4096 Nov 10 17:37 users # So connectivity is not an issue, as far as I can tell. As per man page, the following is configured in /etc/amd/auto.home: /defaults type:=nfs;sublink:=${key};opts:=rw,soft,intr,vers=3,proto=tcp * rhost:=192.168.15.100;rfs:=/exports In turn, /etc/amd/master is configured as such: # cat /etc/amd/master /exports amd.home Upon reboot, I can it see mount, but curiously enough, instead of the hostname: amd:24490 0 0 0 100% /exports From what I understand, amd acts a little different from FreeBSD. Still, I tried to see if I it can automount. Nope: ksh: cd: /exports/users - Resource temporarily unavailable # cd /exports/192.168.15.100/host/users ksh: cd: /exports/192.168.15.100/host/users - Resource temporarily unavailable A search in google doesn't help too much - it seems that automounting NFS with OpenBSD is not something that is usually done. Other than this, information is fairly sparse. I can, of course, always mount is permanently, but I tend to be a bit anal on convention, so no for now. :) Some direction would be appreciation. (And oh, in case you are a wondering, I tried FreeBSD way of using amd and that hasn't worked out - although I wouldn't mind an explanation of the difference between how FreeBSD implements and how OpenBSD implements it) UPDATE: After re-writing the map file several times, I got as far as actually communicating with the NFS server with this configuration: /defaults type:=nfs;rhost:=kerberos.monzell.com;rfs:=/exports;\ sublink:=${key};opts:=rw,nodev,nosuid,soft,intr,tcp,resvport * ${host}==${rhost};type:=nfs;fs:=${rfs};opts:=rw,nodev,nosuid,soft,intr,tcp,resvport However, for some reason, it seems that amd will only default to NFS version 2 over udp: # tcpdump dst kerberos tcpdump: listening on pcn0, link-type EN10MB tcpdump: WARNING: compensating for unaligned libpcap packets 20:38:28.558385 openbsd.monzell.com.856 > kerberos.monzell.com.sunrpc: udp 100 20:38:28.559154 openbsd.monzell.com.856 > kerberos.monzell.com.892: udp 96 20:38:30.592761 openbsd.monzell.com.856 > kerberos.monzell.com.nfsd: xid 0x22000000 (NFSv2) 40 null 20:38:33.558107 arp reply openbsd.monzell.com is-at 52:54:00:52:8f:66 I tried various options of forcing it to try to mount as nfsv3 such as: /defaults type:=nfs;rhost:=kerberos.monzell.com;rfs:=/exports;\ sublink:=${key};opts:=rw,nodev,nosuid,soft,intr,vers=3,proto=tcp,resvport * ${host}==${rhost};type:=nfs;fs:=${rfs};opts:=rw,nodev,nosuid,soft,intr,vers=3,proto=tcp,resvport or: /defaults type:=nfs;rhost:=kerberos.monzell.com;rfs:=/exports;\ sublink:=${key};opts:=rw,nodev,nosuid,soft,intr,vers=-3,proto=tcp,resvport * ${host}==${rhost};type:=nfs;fs:=${rfs};opts:=rw,nodev,nosuid,soft,intr,vers=3,proto=tcp,resvport Nothing yet still. Curious enough, OpenBSD mounts defaults to version 3, so I am not sure why it would start with version in amd. What would be the correct options to pass?

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• Unix list absolute file name

  - by Matthew Adams

  Given an arbitrary single argument representing a file (or directory, device, etc), how do I get the absolute path of the argument? I've seen many answers to this question involving find/ls/stat/readlink and $PWD, but none that suits my need. It looks like the closest answer is ksh's "whence" command, but I need it to work in sh/bash. Assume a file, foo.txt, is located in my home directory, /Users/matthew/foo.txt. I need the following behavior, despite what my current working directory is (I'm calling the command "abs"): (PWD is ~) $ abs foo.txt /Users/matthew/foo.txt $ abs ~/foo.txt /Users/matthew/foo.txt $ abs ./foo.txt /Users/matthew/foo.txt $ abs /Users/matthew/foo.txt /Users/matthew/foo.txt What would "abs" really be? TIA, Matthew

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• Accessing the output of a Bash pipe with 'read'

  - by Karthik

  I'm trying to pipe some data from a Bash pipe into a Bash variable using the read command, like this: $ echo "Alexander the Grape" | read quot $ echo $quot $ But quot is empty. Some Googling revealed that this is not a bug; it's an intended feature of Bash. (Section E5 in the FAQ.) But when I tried the same thing in zsh, it worked. (Ditto for ksh.) Is there any way to make this work in Bash? I really don't want to have to type: $ quot=$(echo "Alexander the Grape") Especially for long commands.

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