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• High CPU load for 1:30 minutes when mounting ext4-raid partition

  - by sirion

  I have a raid 5 (software) with 5x2TB drives. I encrypted the raid with cryptsetup and put an ext4-partition on top. In the beginning opening and mounting the raid took less than 10 seconds, now (for a few weeks) mounting alone takes 1:30 minutes and the cpu stays around 93% the whole time: The output of "time sudo mount /dev/mapper/8000 /media/8000" is: real 1m31.952s user 0m0.008s sys 1m25.229s At the same time only one line is added to /var/log/syslog: kernel: [ 2240.921381] EXT4-fs (dm-1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null) My Ubuntu-version is "12.04.1 LTS" and no updates are pending. I checked the partition with fsck, but it says that all is ok. The "cryptsetup luksOpen" command only takes a few seconds. I also tried changing the raid-bitmap (as it was suggested in some forum) but it did not change the behaviour. sudo mdadm --grow /dev/md0 -b internal and sudo mdadm --grow /dev/md0 -b none I had the idea that it might be the hardware being slow, but a read test with "sudo hdparm -t /dev/md0" spit out values between 62 and 159 MB/sec: Timing buffered disk reads: 382 MB in 3.00 seconds = 127.14 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 482 MB in 3.02 seconds = 159.62 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 190 MB in 3.03 seconds = 62.65 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 474 MB in 3.02 seconds = 157.12 MB/sec Although I think it is strange that the read rate jumps by more than 100% - could that mean something? The speed test when reading from the mapped (decrypted) device shows similar behavior, although it is of course much slower. "sudo hdparm -t /dev/mapper/8000": Timing buffered disk reads: 56 MB in 3.02 seconds = 18.54 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 122 MB in 3.09 seconds = 39.43 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 134 MB in 3.02 seconds = 44.35 MB/sec The output of a verbose mount "mount -vvv /dev/mapper/8000 /media/8000" does not help much: mount: fstab path: "/etc/fstab" mount: mtab path: "/etc/mtab" mount: lock path: "/etc/mtab~" mount: temp path: "/etc/mtab.tmp" mount: UID: 0 mount: eUID: 0 mount: spec: "/dev/mapper/8000" mount: node: "/media/8000" mount: types: "(null)" mount: opts: "(null)" mount: you didn't specify a filesystem type for /dev/mapper/8000 I will try type ext4 mount: mount(2) syscall: source: "/dev/mapper/8000", target: "/media/8000", filesystemtype: "ext4", mountflags: -1058209792, data: (null) Any idea where I could find additional information on why mounting takes so long, or what additional tests I could run?

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• Sharing disk volumes across OpenVZ guests to reduce Package Management Overhead

  - by andyortlieb

  Is it feasible to create a single "master" OpenVZ guest who would only be used for package management, and use something like mount --bind on several other OpenVZ guests sort of trick them into using the environment installed by the master guest? The point of this would be so that users can maintain their own containers, and yet stay in sync with the master development environment, so they'll always have the latest & greatest requirements without worrying too much about system administration. If they need to install their own packages, could put them in /opt, or /usr/local (or set a path to their home directory)? To rephrase, I would like several (developer's, for example) OpenVZ guests whose /bin, /usr (and so on...) actually refer to the same disk location as that of a master OpenVZ guest who can be started up to install and update common packages for the environment to be shared by all of this group of OpenVZ guests. For what it's worth, we're running Debian 6. Edit: I have tried mounting (bind, and readonly) /bin, /lib, /sbin, /usr in this fashion and it refuses to start the containers stating that files are already mounted or otherwise in use: Starting container ... vzquota : (error) Quota on syscall for id 1102: Device or resource busy vzquota : (error) Possible reasons: vzquota : (error) - Container's root is already mounted vzquota : (error) - there are opened files inside Container's private area vzquota : (error) - your current working directory is inside Container's vzquota : (error) private area vzquota : (error) Currently used file(s): /var/lib/vz/private/1102/sbin /var/lib/vz/private/1102/usr /var/lib/vz/private/1102/lib /var/lib/vz/private/1102/bin vzquota on failed [3] If I unmount these four volumes, and start the guest, and then mount them after the guest has started, the guest never sees them mounted.

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• Puppet inventory service using puppetdb

  - by Oli

  I have 3 servers set up. A puppet master using passenger (puppet-server1), dashboard using passenger (puppet-server2) and puppetdb (puppet-server3). I cannot get the inventory service working in the dashboard. The puppet master is able to sign certs and hand out manifests. The nodes have checked in to the dashboard ok The puppetdb appears to be working - logs files as follows: 2012-12-13 17:53:10,899 INFO [command-proc-74] [puppetdb.command] [8490148f-865a-45c8-b5b5-2c8824d753dd] [replace facts] puppet-server3.test.net 2012-12-13 17:53:11,041 INFO [command-proc-74] [puppetdb.command] [dfcc5168-06df-41d4-9a97-77b4cd3f4a2b] [replace catalog] puppet-server3.test.net 2012-12-13 17:55:28,600 INFO [command-proc-74] [puppetdb.command] [b2cc0a96-0404-49f5-96ad-19c778508d3d] [replace facts] puppet-client2.test.net 2012-12-13 17:55:28,729 INFO [command-proc-74] [puppetdb.command] [4dc4b8f3-06df-4dad-a89a-92ac80447b99] [replace catalog] puppet-client2.test.net The puppet master has the following configured in puppet.conf [master] certname = puppet-server1.test.net storeconfigs = true storeconfigs_backend = puppetdb reports = store, http reporturl = http://puppet-server2.test.net/reports/upload The puppet master have the following configured in auth.conf #access for puppet dashboard facts path /facts auth yes method find, search allow dashboard The puppet dashboard has this configured in /usr/share/puppet-dashboard/config/settings.yml # Hostname of the inventory server. inventory_server: 'puppet-server3.test.net' # Port for the inventory server. inventory_port: 8081 The inventory is on as I see a link to the inventory in the dashboard server But I am getting this error: Inventory Could not retrieve facts from inventory service: SSL_connect SYSCALL returned=5 errno=0 state=SSLv3 read finished A clearly an SSL error - but I have followed the documentation and have no idea how to fix this. Can anyone help please? Oli

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• Apache process consumes too much CPU

  - by Niro

  I have an ubuntu apache/php server running php doing appx 100 hits/sec and a PHP cron running in the background. I get occasionally high CPU load on one of the Apache processes which stays high regardless of traffic or cron activity. It seems to me that its stuck in some kind of loop or something. Below you will find the top and strace info. How can I find where the bad code is and what causes this? top - 14:45:24 up 3 days, 3:38, 1 user, load average: 5.10, 5.88, 5.85 Tasks: 163 total, 5 running, 158 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 47.8%us, 18.5%sy, 0.0%ni, 10.2%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 1.8%si, 21.6%st Mem: 7885012k total, 3858484k used, 4026528k free, 177444k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 1037868k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 10736 www-data 20 0 769m 559m 478m R 69 7.3 29:08.30 apache2 10844 www-data 20 0 824m 601m 492m S 17 7.8 4:37.90 apache2 1016 root 20 0 242m 25m 4628 S 6 0.3 162:07.93 scalarizr 9030 www-data 20 0 879m 619m 492m S 4 8.0 5:06.82 apache2 20216 www-data 20 0 747m 228m 170m S 4 3.0 0:01.94 apache2 10807 www-data 20 0 814m 584m 492m S 3 7.6 4:54.10 apache2 10455 www-data 20 0 831m 574m 492m S 3 7.5 4:32.65 apache2 10495 www-data 20 0 849m 592m 492m S 3 7.7 4:41.10 apache2 10884 www-data 20 0 840m 581m 492m S 3 7.6 4:25.06 apache2 ^CProcess 10736 detached % time seconds usecs/call calls errors syscall ------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------------- 74.55 0.148052 1 109755 gettimeofday 25.36 0.050370 0 164634 clock_gettime 0.09 0.000178 0 54878 poll ------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------------- 100.00 0.198600 329267 total root@ec2-67-202-54-36:~# ^C

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• Strange IP address showing up with OS X ssh

  - by user50799

  I was futzing around with DTrace on Mac OS X and found the following script that prints out information about connections being established: $ cat script.d syscall::connect:entry { printf("execname: %s\n", execname); printf("pid: %d\n", pid); printf("sockfd: %d\n",arg0); socks = (struct sockaddr*)copyin(arg1, arg2); hport = (uint_t)socks->sa_data[0]; lport = (uint_t)socks->sa_data[1]; hport <<= 8; port = hport + lport; printf("Port number: %d\n", port); printf("IP address: %d.%d.%d.%d\n", socks->sa_data[2], socks->sa_data[3], socks->sa_data[4], socks->sa_data[5]); printf("======\n"); } I run it in one window: $ sudo dtrace -s ./script.d Then I ssh to another machine from another window. I get this output from my dtrace window: CPU ID FUNCTION:NAME 0 18696 connect:entry execname: ssh pid: 5446 sockfd: 3 Port number: 22 IP address: 192.168.0.207 ====== 0 18696 connect:entry execname: ssh pid: 5446 sockfd: 5 Port number: 12148 IP address: 109.112.47.108 ====== ^C The first IP address I can explain (192.168.0.207), that's the machine I'm connecting to. But what's with the 109.112.47.108 machine? It doesn't show up in tcpdump nor netstat -an Is there something with my dtrace code or my understanding of how the connect system call works?

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• Second CPU missing of Dual Core

  - by Zardoz

  My Lenovo T61 has a dual core CPU. I just noticed that under Ubuntu 10.10 only one CPU is recognized. I know that once both CPUs worked. Not sure since when the second CPU is missing. Maybe since the last kernel update. Currently I am using linux-image-2.6.35-23-generic (for x86_64). What can I do to enable the second CPU again? Here the ouput of /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 23 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T8100 @ 2.10GHz stepping : 6 cpu MHz : 800.000 cache size : 3072 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 1 core id : 0 cpu cores : 1 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 10 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm sse4_1 lahf_lm ida dts tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority bogomips : 4189.99 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: Any help is welcome. I really need that CPU power for my work here.

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• MySQL is running VERY slow

  - by user1032531

  I have two servers: a VPS and a laptop. I recently re-built both of them, and MySQL is running about 20 times slower on the laptop. Both servers used to run CentOS 5.8 and I think MySQL 5.1, and the laptop used to do great so I do not think it is the hardware. For the VPS, my provider installed CentOS 6.4, and then I installed MySQL 5.1.69 using yum with the CentOS repo. For the laptop, I installed CentOS 6.4 basic server and then installed MySQL 5.1.69 using yum with the CentOS repo. my.cnf for both servers are identical, and I have shown below. For both servers, I've also included below the output from SHOW VARIABLES; as well as output from sysbench, file system information, and cpu information. I have tried adding skip-name-resolve, but it didn't help. The matrix below shows the SHOW VARIABLES output from both servers which is different. Again, MySQL was installed the same way, so I do not know why it is different, but it is and I think this might be why the laptop is executing MySQL so slowly. Why is the laptop running MySQL slowly, and how do I fix it? Differences between SHOW VARIABLES on both servers +---------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------+ | Variable | Value-VPS | Value-Laptop | +---------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------+ | hostname | vps.site1.com | laptop.site2.com | | max_binlog_cache_size | 4294963200 | 18446744073709500000 | | max_seeks_for_key | 4294967295 | 18446744073709500000 | | max_write_lock_count | 4294967295 | 18446744073709500000 | | myisam_max_sort_file_size | 2146435072 | 9223372036853720000 | | myisam_mmap_size | 4294967295 | 18446744073709500000 | | plugin_dir | /usr/lib/mysql/plugin | /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin | | pseudo_thread_id | 7568 | 2 | | system_time_zone | EST | PDT | | thread_stack | 196608 | 262144 | | timestamp | 1372252112 | 1372252046 | | version_compile_machine | i386 | x86_64 | +---------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------+ my.cnf for both servers [root@server1 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock user=mysql # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid innodb_strict_mode=on sql_mode=TRADITIONAL # sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_DATE,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE character-set-server=utf8 collation-server=utf8_general_ci log=/var/log/mysqld_all.log [root@server1 ~]# VPS SHOW VARIABLES Info Same as Laptop shown below but changes per above matrix (removed to allow me to be under the 30000 characters as required by ServerFault) Laptop SHOW VARIABLES Info auto_increment_increment 1 auto_increment_offset 1 autocommit ON automatic_sp_privileges ON back_log 50 basedir /usr/ big_tables OFF binlog_cache_size 32768 binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates OFF binlog_format STATEMENT bulk_insert_buffer_size 8388608 character_set_client utf8 character_set_connection utf8 character_set_database latin1 character_set_filesystem binary character_set_results utf8 character_set_server latin1 character_set_system utf8 character_sets_dir /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ collation_connection utf8_general_ci collation_database latin1_swedish_ci collation_server latin1_swedish_ci completion_type 0 concurrent_insert 1 connect_timeout 10 datadir /var/lib/mysql/ date_format %Y-%m-%d datetime_format %Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s default_week_format 0 delay_key_write ON delayed_insert_limit 100 delayed_insert_timeout 300 delayed_queue_size 1000 div_precision_increment 4 engine_condition_pushdown ON error_count 0 event_scheduler OFF expire_logs_days 0 flush OFF flush_time 0 foreign_key_checks ON ft_boolean_syntax + -><()~*:""&| ft_max_word_len 84 ft_min_word_len 4 ft_query_expansion_limit 20 ft_stopword_file (built-in) general_log OFF general_log_file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.log group_concat_max_len 1024 have_community_features YES have_compress YES have_crypt YES have_csv YES have_dynamic_loading YES have_geometry YES have_innodb YES have_ndbcluster NO have_openssl DISABLED have_partitioning YES have_query_cache YES have_rtree_keys YES have_ssl DISABLED have_symlink DISABLED hostname server1.site2.com identity 0 ignore_builtin_innodb OFF init_connect init_file init_slave innodb_adaptive_hash_index ON innodb_additional_mem_pool_size 1048576 innodb_autoextend_increment 8 innodb_autoinc_lock_mode 1 innodb_buffer_pool_size 8388608 innodb_checksums ON innodb_commit_concurrency 0 innodb_concurrency_tickets 500 innodb_data_file_path ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_data_home_dir innodb_doublewrite ON innodb_fast_shutdown 1 innodb_file_io_threads 4 innodb_file_per_table OFF innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit 1 innodb_flush_method innodb_force_recovery 0 innodb_lock_wait_timeout 50 innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog OFF innodb_log_buffer_size 1048576 innodb_log_file_size 5242880 innodb_log_files_in_group 2 innodb_log_group_home_dir ./ innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct 90 innodb_max_purge_lag 0 innodb_mirrored_log_groups 1 innodb_open_files 300 innodb_rollback_on_timeout OFF innodb_stats_method nulls_equal innodb_stats_on_metadata ON innodb_support_xa ON innodb_sync_spin_loops 20 innodb_table_locks ON innodb_thread_concurrency 8 innodb_thread_sleep_delay 10000 innodb_use_legacy_cardinality_algorithm ON insert_id 0 interactive_timeout 28800 join_buffer_size 131072 keep_files_on_create OFF key_buffer_size 8384512 key_cache_age_threshold 300 key_cache_block_size 1024 key_cache_division_limit 100 language /usr/share/mysql/english/ large_files_support ON large_page_size 0 large_pages OFF last_insert_id 0 lc_time_names en_US license GPL local_infile ON locked_in_memory OFF log OFF log_bin OFF log_bin_trust_function_creators OFF log_bin_trust_routine_creators OFF log_error /var/log/mysqld.log log_output FILE log_queries_not_using_indexes OFF log_slave_updates OFF log_slow_queries OFF log_warnings 1 long_query_time 10.000000 low_priority_updates OFF lower_case_file_system OFF lower_case_table_names 0 max_allowed_packet 1048576 max_binlog_cache_size 18446744073709547520 max_binlog_size 1073741824 max_connect_errors 10 max_connections 151 max_delayed_threads 20 max_error_count 64 max_heap_table_size 16777216 max_insert_delayed_threads 20 max_join_size 18446744073709551615 max_length_for_sort_data 1024 max_long_data_size 1048576 max_prepared_stmt_count 16382 max_relay_log_size 0 max_seeks_for_key 18446744073709551615 max_sort_length 1024 max_sp_recursion_depth 0 max_tmp_tables 32 max_user_connections 0 max_write_lock_count 18446744073709551615 min_examined_row_limit 0 multi_range_count 256 myisam_data_pointer_size 6 myisam_max_sort_file_size 9223372036853727232 myisam_mmap_size 18446744073709551615 myisam_recover_options OFF myisam_repair_threads 1 myisam_sort_buffer_size 8388608 myisam_stats_method nulls_unequal myisam_use_mmap OFF net_buffer_length 16384 net_read_timeout 30 net_retry_count 10 net_write_timeout 60 new OFF old OFF old_alter_table OFF old_passwords OFF open_files_limit 1024 optimizer_prune_level 1 optimizer_search_depth 62 optimizer_switch index_merge=on,index_merge_union=on,index_merge_sort_union=on,index_merge_intersection=on pid_file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid plugin_dir /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin port 3306 preload_buffer_size 32768 profiling OFF profiling_history_size 15 protocol_version 10 pseudo_thread_id 3 query_alloc_block_size 8192 query_cache_limit 1048576 query_cache_min_res_unit 4096 query_cache_size 0 query_cache_type ON query_cache_wlock_invalidate OFF query_prealloc_size 8192 rand_seed1 rand_seed2 range_alloc_block_size 4096 read_buffer_size 131072 read_only OFF read_rnd_buffer_size 262144 relay_log relay_log_index relay_log_info_file relay-log.info relay_log_purge ON relay_log_space_limit 0 report_host report_password report_port 3306 report_user rpl_recovery_rank 0 secure_auth OFF secure_file_priv server_id 0 skip_external_locking ON skip_name_resolve OFF skip_networking OFF skip_show_database OFF slave_compressed_protocol OFF slave_exec_mode STRICT slave_load_tmpdir /tmp slave_max_allowed_packet 1073741824 slave_net_timeout 3600 slave_skip_errors OFF slave_transaction_retries 10 slow_launch_time 2 slow_query_log OFF slow_query_log_file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld-slow.log socket /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock sort_buffer_size 2097144 sql_auto_is_null ON sql_big_selects ON sql_big_tables OFF sql_buffer_result OFF sql_log_bin ON sql_log_off OFF sql_log_update ON sql_low_priority_updates OFF sql_max_join_size 18446744073709551615 sql_mode sql_notes ON sql_quote_show_create ON sql_safe_updates OFF sql_select_limit 18446744073709551615 sql_slave_skip_counter sql_warnings OFF ssl_ca ssl_capath ssl_cert ssl_cipher ssl_key storage_engine MyISAM sync_binlog 0 sync_frm ON system_time_zone PDT table_definition_cache 256 table_lock_wait_timeout 50 table_open_cache 64 table_type MyISAM thread_cache_size 0 thread_handling one-thread-per-connection thread_stack 262144 time_format %H:%i:%s time_zone SYSTEM timed_mutexes OFF timestamp 1372254399 tmp_table_size 16777216 tmpdir /tmp transaction_alloc_block_size 8192 transaction_prealloc_size 4096 tx_isolation REPEATABLE-READ unique_checks ON updatable_views_with_limit YES version 5.1.69 version_comment Source distribution version_compile_machine x86_64 version_compile_os redhat-linux-gnu wait_timeout 28800 warning_count 0 VPS Sysbench Info [root@vps ~]# cat sysbench.txt sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark Running the test with following options: Number of threads: 8 Doing OLTP test. Running mixed OLTP test Doing read-only test Using Special distribution (12 iterations, 1 pct of values are returned in 75 pct cases) Using "BEGIN" for starting transactions Using auto_inc on the id column Threads started! Time limit exceeded, exiting... (last message repeated 7 times) Done. OLTP test statistics: queries performed: read: 1449966 write: 0 other: 207138 total: 1657104 transactions: 103569 (1726.01 per sec.) deadlocks: 0 (0.00 per sec.) read/write requests: 1449966 (24164.08 per sec.) other operations: 207138 (3452.01 per sec.) Test execution summary: total time: 60.0050s total number of events: 103569 total time taken by event execution: 479.1544 per-request statistics: min: 1.98ms avg: 4.63ms max: 330.73ms approx. 95 percentile: 8.26ms Threads fairness: events (avg/stddev): 12946.1250/381.09 execution time (avg/stddev): 59.8943/0.00 [root@vps ~]# Laptop Sysbench Info [root@server1 ~]# cat sysbench.txt sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark Running the test with following options: Number of threads: 8 Doing OLTP test. Running mixed OLTP test Doing read-only test Using Special distribution (12 iterations, 1 pct of values are returned in 75 pct cases) Using "BEGIN" for starting transactions Using auto_inc on the id column Threads started! Time limit exceeded, exiting... (last message repeated 7 times) Done. OLTP test statistics: queries performed: read: 634718 write: 0 other: 90674 total: 725392 transactions: 45337 (755.56 per sec.) deadlocks: 0 (0.00 per sec.) read/write requests: 634718 (10577.78 per sec.) other operations: 90674 (1511.11 per sec.) Test execution summary: total time: 60.0048s total number of events: 45337 total time taken by event execution: 479.4912 per-request statistics: min: 2.04ms avg: 10.58ms max: 85.56ms approx. 95 percentile: 19.70ms Threads fairness: events (avg/stddev): 5667.1250/42.18 execution time (avg/stddev): 59.9364/0.00 [root@server1 ~]# VPS File Info [root@vps ~]# df -T Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/simfs simfs 20971520 16187440 4784080 78% / none tmpfs 6224432 4 6224428 1% /dev none tmpfs 6224432 0 6224432 0% /dev/shm [root@vps ~]# Laptop File Info [root@server1 ~]# df -T Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_server1-lv_root ext4 72383800 4243964 64462860 7% / tmpfs tmpfs 956352 0 956352 0% /dev/shm /dev/sdb1 ext4 495844 60948 409296 13% /boot [root@server1 ~]# VPS CPU Info Removed to stay under the 30000 character limit required by ServerFault Laptop CPU Info [root@server1 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 15 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T7100 @ 1.80GHz stepping : 13 cpu MHz : 800.000 cache size : 2048 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 2 core id : 0 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 10 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm lahf_lm ida dts tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority bogomips : 3591.39 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: processor : 1 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 15 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T7100 @ 1.80GHz stepping : 13 cpu MHz : 800.000 cache size : 2048 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 2 core id : 1 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 1 initial apicid : 1 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 10 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm lahf_lm ida dts tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority bogomips : 3591.39 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: [root@server1 ~]# EDIT New Info requested by shakalandy [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 2044804 kB MemFree: 761464 kB Buffers: 68868 kB Cached: 369708 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 881080 kB Inactive: 246016 kB Active(anon): 688312 kB Inactive(anon): 4416 kB Active(file): 192768 kB Inactive(file): 241600 kB Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB SwapTotal: 4095992 kB SwapFree: 4095992 kB Dirty: 0 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 688428 kB Mapped: 65156 kB Shmem: 4216 kB Slab: 92428 kB SReclaimable: 31260 kB SUnreclaim: 61168 kB KernelStack: 2392 kB PageTables: 28356 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 5118392 kB Committed_AS: 1530212 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 343604 kB VmallocChunk: 34359372920 kB HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB AnonHugePages: 520192 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB DirectMap4k: 8556 kB DirectMap2M: 2078720 kB [root@localhost ~]# ps aux | grep mysql root 2227 0.0 0.0 108332 1504 ? S 07:36 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.badobe.com.pid mysql 2319 0.1 24.5 1470068 501360 ? Sl 07:36 0:57 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.badobe.com.err --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.badobe.com.pid root 3579 0.0 0.1 201840 3028 pts/0 S+ 07:40 0:00 mysql -u root -p root 13887 0.0 0.1 201840 3036 pts/3 S+ 18:08 0:00 mysql -uroot -px xxxxxxxxxx root 14449 0.0 0.0 103248 840 pts/2 S+ 18:16 0:00 grep mysql [root@localhost ~]# ps aux | grep mysql root 2227 0.0 0.0 108332 1504 ? S 07:36 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.badobe.com.pid mysql 2319 0.1 24.5 1470068 501356 ? Sl 07:36 0:57 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.badobe.com.err --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.badobe.com.pid root 3579 0.0 0.1 201840 3028 pts/0 S+ 07:40 0:00 mysql -u root -p root 13887 0.0 0.1 201840 3048 pts/3 S+ 18:08 0:00 mysql -uroot -px xxxxxxxxxx root 14470 0.0 0.0 103248 840 pts/2 S+ 18:16 0:00 grep mysql [root@localhost ~]# vmstat 1 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu----- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 0 0 742172 76376 371064 0 0 6 6 78 202 2 1 97 1 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371060 0 0 0 16 191 467 2 1 93 5 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 148 388 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 159 418 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 145 380 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 166 429 2 1 97 0 0 1 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 148 373 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 149 382 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 168 408 2 0 97 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 165 394 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 159 354 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76388 371060 0 0 0 16 180 447 2 0 91 6 0 0 0 0 742164 76388 371064 0 0 0 0 143 344 2 1 98 0 0 0 1 0 742784 76416 370044 0 0 28 580 360 678 3 1 74 23 0 1 0 0 744768 76496 367772 0 0 40 1036 437 865 3 1 53 43 0 0 1 0 747248 76596 365412 0 0 48 1224 561 923 3 2 53 43 0 0 1 0 749232 76696 363092 0 0 32 1132 512 883 3 2 52 44 0 0 1 0 751340 76772 361020 0 0 32 1008 472 872 2 1 52 45 0 0 1 0 753448 76840 358540 0 0 36 1088 512 860 2 1 51 46 0 0 1 0 755060 76936 357636 0 0 28 1012 481 922 2 2 52 45 0 0 1 0 755060 77064 357988 0 0 12 896 444 902 2 1 53 45 0 0 1 0 754688 77148 358448 0 0 16 1096 506 1007 1 1 56 42 0 0 2 0 754192 77268 358932 0 0 12 1060 481 957 1 2 53 44 0 0 1 0 753696 77380 359392 0 0 12 1052 512 1025 2 1 55 42 0 0 1 0 751028 77480 359828 0 0 8 984 423 909 2 2 52 45 0 0 1 0 750524 77620 360200 0 0 8 788 367 869 1 2 54 44 0 0 1 0 749904 77700 360664 0 0 8 928 439 924 2 2 55 43 0 0 1 0 749408 77796 361084 0 0 12 976 468 967 1 1 56 43 0 0 1 0 748788 77896 361464 0 0 12 992 453 944 1 2 54 43 0 1 1 0 748416 77992 361996 0 0 12 784 392 868 2 1 52 46 0 0 1 0 747920 78092 362336 0 0 4 896 382 874 1 1 52 46 0 0 1 0 745252 78172 362780 0 0 12 1040 444 923 1 1 56 42 0 0 1 0 744764 78288 363220 0 0 8 1024 448 934 2 1 55 43 0 0 1 0 744144 78408 363668 0 0 8 1000 461 982 2 1 53 44 0 0 1 0 743648 78488 364148 0 0 8 872 443 888 2 1 54 43 0 0 1 0 743152 78548 364468 0 0 16 1020 511 995 2 1 55 43 0 0 1 0 742656 78632 365024 0 0 12 928 431 913 1 2 53 44 0 0 1 0 742160 78728 365468 0 0 12 996 470 955 2 2 54 44 0 1 1 0 739492 78840 365896 0 0 8 988 447 939 1 2 52 46 0 0 1 0 738872 78996 366352 0 0 12 972 442 928 1 1 55 44 0 1 1 0 738244 79148 366812 0 0 8 948 549 1126 2 2 54 43 0 0 1 0 737624 79312 367188 0 0 12 996 456 953 2 2 54 43 0 0 1 0 736880 79456 367660 0 0 12 960 444 918 1 1 53 46 0 0 1 0 736260 79584 368124 0 0 8 884 414 921 1 1 54 44 0 0 1 0 735648 79716 368488 0 0 12 976 450 955 2 1 56 41 0 0 1 0 733104 79840 368988 0 0 12 932 453 918 1 2 55 43 0 0 1 0 732608 79996 369356 0 0 16 916 444 889 1 2 54 43 0 1 1 0 731476 80128 369800 0 0 16 852 514 978 2 2 54 43 0 0 1 0 731244 80252 370200 0 0 8 904 398 870 2 1 55 43 0 1 1 0 730624 80384 370612 0 0 12 1032 447 977 1 2 57 41 0 0 1 0 730004 80524 371096 0 0 12 984 469 941 2 2 52 45 0 0 1 0 729508 80636 371544 0 0 12 928 438 922 2 1 52 46 0 0 1 0 728888 80756 371948 0 0 16 972 439 943 2 1 55 43 0 0 1 0 726468 80900 372272 0 0 8 960 545 1024 2 1 54 43 0 1 1 0 726344 81024 372272 0 0 8 464 490 1057 1 2 53 44 0 0 1 0 726096 81148 372276 0 0 4 328 441 1063 2 1 53 45 0 1 1 0 726096 81256 372292 0 0 0 296 387 975 1 1 53 45 0 0 1 0 725848 81380 372284 0 0 4 332 425 1034 2 1 54 44 0 1 1 0 725848 81496 372300 0 0 4 308 386 992 2 1 54 43 0 0 1 0 725600 81616 372296 0 0 4 328 404 1060 1 1 54 44 0 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu----- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 1 0 725600 81732 372296 0 0 4 328 439 1011 1 1 53 44 0 0 1 0 725476 81848 372308 0 0 0 316 441 1023 2 2 52 46 0 1 1 0 725352 81972 372300 0 0 4 344 451 1021 1 1 55 43 0 2 1 0 725228 82088 372320 0 0 0 328 427 1058 1 1 54 44 0 1 1 0 724980 82220 372300 0 0 4 336 419 999 2 1 54 44 0 1 1 0 724980 82328 372320 0 0 4 320 430 1019 1 1 54 44 0 1 1 0 724732 82436 372328 0 0 0 388 363 942 2 1 54 44 0 1 1 0 724608 82560 372312 0 0 4 308 419 993 1 2 54 44 0 1 0 0 724360 82684 372320 0 0 0 304 421 1028 2 1 55 42 0 1 0 0 724360 82684 372388 0 0 0 0 158 416 2 1 98 0 0 1 1 0 724236 82720 372360 0 0 0 6464 243 855 3 2 84 12 0 1 0 0 724112 82748 372360 0 0 0 5356 266 895 3 1 84 12 0 2 1 0 724112 82764 372380 0 0 0 3052 221 511 2 2 93 4 0 1 0 0 724112 82796 372372 0 0 0 4548 325 1067 2 2 81 16 0 1 0 0 724112 82816 372368 0 0 0 3240 259 829 3 1 90 6 0 1 0 0 724112 82836 372380 0 0 0 3260 309 822 3 2 88 8 0 1 1 0 724112 82876 372364 0 0 0 4680 326 978 3 1 77 19 0 1 0 0 724112 82884 372380 0 0 0 512 207 508 2 1 95 2 0 1 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 138 361 2 1 98 0 0 1 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 158 397 2 1 98 0 0 1 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 146 395 2 1 98 0 0 2 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 160 395 2 1 98 0 0 1 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 163 382 1 1 98 0 0 1 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 176 422 2 1 98 0 0 1 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 134 351 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 190 429 2 1 97 0 0 0 0 0 724104 82884 372392 0 0 0 0 139 358 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 724848 82884 372392 0 0 0 4 211 432 2 1 97 0 0 1 0 0 724980 82884 372392 0 0 0 0 166 370 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 724980 82884 372392 0 0 0 0 164 397 2 1 98 0 0 ^C [root@localhost ~]#

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• MySQL is running VERY slow on CentOS 6x (not 5x)

  - by user1032531

  I have two servers: a VPS and a laptop. I recently re-built both of them, and MySQL is running about 20 times slower on the laptop. Both servers used to run CentOS 5.8 and I think MySQL 5.1, and the laptop used to do great so I do not think it is the hardware. For the VPS, my provider installed CentOS 6.4, and then I installed MySQL 5.1.69 using yum with the CentOS repo. For the laptop, I installed CentOS 6.4 basic server and then installed MySQL 5.1.69 using yum with the CentOS repo. my.cnf for both servers are identical, and I have shown below. For both servers, I've also included below the output from SHOW VARIABLES; as well as output from sysbench, file system information, and cpu information. I have tried adding skip-name-resolve, but it didn't help. The matrix below shows the SHOW VARIABLES output from both servers which is different. Again, MySQL was installed the same way, so I do not know why it is different, but it is and I think this might be why the laptop is executing MySQL so slowly. Why is the laptop running MySQL slowly, and how do I fix it? Differences between SHOW VARIABLES on both servers +---------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------+ | Variable | Value-VPS | Value-Laptop | +---------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------+ | hostname | vps.site1.com | laptop.site2.com | | max_binlog_cache_size | 4294963200 | 18446744073709500000 | | max_seeks_for_key | 4294967295 | 18446744073709500000 | | max_write_lock_count | 4294967295 | 18446744073709500000 | | myisam_max_sort_file_size | 2146435072 | 9223372036853720000 | | myisam_mmap_size | 4294967295 | 18446744073709500000 | | plugin_dir | /usr/lib/mysql/plugin | /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin | | pseudo_thread_id | 7568 | 2 | | system_time_zone | EST | PDT | | thread_stack | 196608 | 262144 | | timestamp | 1372252112 | 1372252046 | | version_compile_machine | i386 | x86_64 | +---------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------+ my.cnf for both servers [root@server1 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock user=mysql # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid innodb_strict_mode=on sql_mode=TRADITIONAL # sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_DATE,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE character-set-server=utf8 collation-server=utf8_general_ci log=/var/log/mysqld_all.log [root@server1 ~]# VPS SHOW VARIABLES Info Same as Laptop shown below but changes per above matrix (removed to allow me to be under the 30000 characters as required by ServerFault) Laptop SHOW VARIABLES Info auto_increment_increment 1 auto_increment_offset 1 autocommit ON automatic_sp_privileges ON back_log 50 basedir /usr/ big_tables OFF binlog_cache_size 32768 binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates OFF binlog_format STATEMENT bulk_insert_buffer_size 8388608 character_set_client utf8 character_set_connection utf8 character_set_database latin1 character_set_filesystem binary character_set_results utf8 character_set_server latin1 character_set_system utf8 character_sets_dir /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ collation_connection utf8_general_ci collation_database latin1_swedish_ci collation_server latin1_swedish_ci completion_type 0 concurrent_insert 1 connect_timeout 10 datadir /var/lib/mysql/ date_format %Y-%m-%d datetime_format %Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s default_week_format 0 delay_key_write ON delayed_insert_limit 100 delayed_insert_timeout 300 delayed_queue_size 1000 div_precision_increment 4 engine_condition_pushdown ON error_count 0 event_scheduler OFF expire_logs_days 0 flush OFF flush_time 0 foreign_key_checks ON ft_boolean_syntax + -><()~*:""&| ft_max_word_len 84 ft_min_word_len 4 ft_query_expansion_limit 20 ft_stopword_file (built-in) general_log OFF general_log_file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.log group_concat_max_len 1024 have_community_features YES have_compress YES have_crypt YES have_csv YES have_dynamic_loading YES have_geometry YES have_innodb YES have_ndbcluster NO have_openssl DISABLED have_partitioning YES have_query_cache YES have_rtree_keys YES have_ssl DISABLED have_symlink DISABLED hostname server1.site2.com identity 0 ignore_builtin_innodb OFF init_connect init_file init_slave innodb_adaptive_hash_index ON innodb_additional_mem_pool_size 1048576 innodb_autoextend_increment 8 innodb_autoinc_lock_mode 1 innodb_buffer_pool_size 8388608 innodb_checksums ON innodb_commit_concurrency 0 innodb_concurrency_tickets 500 innodb_data_file_path ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_data_home_dir innodb_doublewrite ON innodb_fast_shutdown 1 innodb_file_io_threads 4 innodb_file_per_table OFF innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit 1 innodb_flush_method innodb_force_recovery 0 innodb_lock_wait_timeout 50 innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog OFF innodb_log_buffer_size 1048576 innodb_log_file_size 5242880 innodb_log_files_in_group 2 innodb_log_group_home_dir ./ innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct 90 innodb_max_purge_lag 0 innodb_mirrored_log_groups 1 innodb_open_files 300 innodb_rollback_on_timeout OFF innodb_stats_method nulls_equal innodb_stats_on_metadata ON innodb_support_xa ON innodb_sync_spin_loops 20 innodb_table_locks ON innodb_thread_concurrency 8 innodb_thread_sleep_delay 10000 innodb_use_legacy_cardinality_algorithm ON insert_id 0 interactive_timeout 28800 join_buffer_size 131072 keep_files_on_create OFF key_buffer_size 8384512 key_cache_age_threshold 300 key_cache_block_size 1024 key_cache_division_limit 100 language /usr/share/mysql/english/ large_files_support ON large_page_size 0 large_pages OFF last_insert_id 0 lc_time_names en_US license GPL local_infile ON locked_in_memory OFF log OFF log_bin OFF log_bin_trust_function_creators OFF log_bin_trust_routine_creators OFF log_error /var/log/mysqld.log log_output FILE log_queries_not_using_indexes OFF log_slave_updates OFF log_slow_queries OFF log_warnings 1 long_query_time 10.000000 low_priority_updates OFF lower_case_file_system OFF lower_case_table_names 0 max_allowed_packet 1048576 max_binlog_cache_size 18446744073709547520 max_binlog_size 1073741824 max_connect_errors 10 max_connections 151 max_delayed_threads 20 max_error_count 64 max_heap_table_size 16777216 max_insert_delayed_threads 20 max_join_size 18446744073709551615 max_length_for_sort_data 1024 max_long_data_size 1048576 max_prepared_stmt_count 16382 max_relay_log_size 0 max_seeks_for_key 18446744073709551615 max_sort_length 1024 max_sp_recursion_depth 0 max_tmp_tables 32 max_user_connections 0 max_write_lock_count 18446744073709551615 min_examined_row_limit 0 multi_range_count 256 myisam_data_pointer_size 6 myisam_max_sort_file_size 9223372036853727232 myisam_mmap_size 18446744073709551615 myisam_recover_options OFF myisam_repair_threads 1 myisam_sort_buffer_size 8388608 myisam_stats_method nulls_unequal myisam_use_mmap OFF net_buffer_length 16384 net_read_timeout 30 net_retry_count 10 net_write_timeout 60 new OFF old OFF old_alter_table OFF old_passwords OFF open_files_limit 1024 optimizer_prune_level 1 optimizer_search_depth 62 optimizer_switch index_merge=on,index_merge_union=on,index_merge_sort_union=on,index_merge_intersection=on pid_file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid plugin_dir /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin port 3306 preload_buffer_size 32768 profiling OFF profiling_history_size 15 protocol_version 10 pseudo_thread_id 3 query_alloc_block_size 8192 query_cache_limit 1048576 query_cache_min_res_unit 4096 query_cache_size 0 query_cache_type ON query_cache_wlock_invalidate OFF query_prealloc_size 8192 rand_seed1 rand_seed2 range_alloc_block_size 4096 read_buffer_size 131072 read_only OFF read_rnd_buffer_size 262144 relay_log relay_log_index relay_log_info_file relay-log.info relay_log_purge ON relay_log_space_limit 0 report_host report_password report_port 3306 report_user rpl_recovery_rank 0 secure_auth OFF secure_file_priv server_id 0 skip_external_locking ON skip_name_resolve OFF skip_networking OFF skip_show_database OFF slave_compressed_protocol OFF slave_exec_mode STRICT slave_load_tmpdir /tmp slave_max_allowed_packet 1073741824 slave_net_timeout 3600 slave_skip_errors OFF slave_transaction_retries 10 slow_launch_time 2 slow_query_log OFF slow_query_log_file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld-slow.log socket /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock sort_buffer_size 2097144 sql_auto_is_null ON sql_big_selects ON sql_big_tables OFF sql_buffer_result OFF sql_log_bin ON sql_log_off OFF sql_log_update ON sql_low_priority_updates OFF sql_max_join_size 18446744073709551615 sql_mode sql_notes ON sql_quote_show_create ON sql_safe_updates OFF sql_select_limit 18446744073709551615 sql_slave_skip_counter sql_warnings OFF ssl_ca ssl_capath ssl_cert ssl_cipher ssl_key storage_engine MyISAM sync_binlog 0 sync_frm ON system_time_zone PDT table_definition_cache 256 table_lock_wait_timeout 50 table_open_cache 64 table_type MyISAM thread_cache_size 0 thread_handling one-thread-per-connection thread_stack 262144 time_format %H:%i:%s time_zone SYSTEM timed_mutexes OFF timestamp 1372254399 tmp_table_size 16777216 tmpdir /tmp transaction_alloc_block_size 8192 transaction_prealloc_size 4096 tx_isolation REPEATABLE-READ unique_checks ON updatable_views_with_limit YES version 5.1.69 version_comment Source distribution version_compile_machine x86_64 version_compile_os redhat-linux-gnu wait_timeout 28800 warning_count 0 VPS Sysbench Info Deleted to stay under 30000 characters. Laptop Sysbench Info [root@server1 ~]# cat sysbench.txt sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark Running the test with following options: Number of threads: 8 Doing OLTP test. Running mixed OLTP test Doing read-only test Using Special distribution (12 iterations, 1 pct of values are returned in 75 pct cases) Using "BEGIN" for starting transactions Using auto_inc on the id column Threads started! Time limit exceeded, exiting... (last message repeated 7 times) Done. OLTP test statistics: queries performed: read: 634718 write: 0 other: 90674 total: 725392 transactions: 45337 (755.56 per sec.) deadlocks: 0 (0.00 per sec.) read/write requests: 634718 (10577.78 per sec.) other operations: 90674 (1511.11 per sec.) Test execution summary: total time: 60.0048s total number of events: 45337 total time taken by event execution: 479.4912 per-request statistics: min: 2.04ms avg: 10.58ms max: 85.56ms approx. 95 percentile: 19.70ms Threads fairness: events (avg/stddev): 5667.1250/42.18 execution time (avg/stddev): 59.9364/0.00 [root@server1 ~]# VPS File Info [root@vps ~]# df -T Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/simfs simfs 20971520 16187440 4784080 78% / none tmpfs 6224432 4 6224428 1% /dev none tmpfs 6224432 0 6224432 0% /dev/shm [root@vps ~]# Laptop File Info [root@server1 ~]# df -T Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_server1-lv_root ext4 72383800 4243964 64462860 7% / tmpfs tmpfs 956352 0 956352 0% /dev/shm /dev/sdb1 ext4 495844 60948 409296 13% /boot [root@server1 ~]# VPS CPU Info Removed to stay under the 30000 character limit required by ServerFault Laptop CPU Info [root@server1 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 15 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T7100 @ 1.80GHz stepping : 13 cpu MHz : 800.000 cache size : 2048 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 2 core id : 0 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 10 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm lahf_lm ida dts tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority bogomips : 3591.39 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: processor : 1 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 15 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T7100 @ 1.80GHz stepping : 13 cpu MHz : 800.000 cache size : 2048 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 2 core id : 1 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 1 initial apicid : 1 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 10 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm lahf_lm ida dts tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority bogomips : 3591.39 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: [root@server1 ~]# EDIT New Info requested by shakalandy [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 2044804 kB MemFree: 761464 kB Buffers: 68868 kB Cached: 369708 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 881080 kB Inactive: 246016 kB Active(anon): 688312 kB Inactive(anon): 4416 kB Active(file): 192768 kB Inactive(file): 241600 kB Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB SwapTotal: 4095992 kB SwapFree: 4095992 kB Dirty: 0 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 688428 kB Mapped: 65156 kB Shmem: 4216 kB Slab: 92428 kB SReclaimable: 31260 kB SUnreclaim: 61168 kB KernelStack: 2392 kB PageTables: 28356 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 5118392 kB Committed_AS: 1530212 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 343604 kB VmallocChunk: 34359372920 kB HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB AnonHugePages: 520192 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB DirectMap4k: 8556 kB DirectMap2M: 2078720 kB [root@localhost ~]# ps aux | grep mysql root 2227 0.0 0.0 108332 1504 ? S 07:36 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.badobe.com.pid mysql 2319 0.1 24.5 1470068 501360 ? Sl 07:36 0:57 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.badobe.com.err --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.badobe.com.pid root 3579 0.0 0.1 201840 3028 pts/0 S+ 07:40 0:00 mysql -u root -p root 13887 0.0 0.1 201840 3036 pts/3 S+ 18:08 0:00 mysql -uroot -px xxxxxxxxxx root 14449 0.0 0.0 103248 840 pts/2 S+ 18:16 0:00 grep mysql [root@localhost ~]# ps aux | grep mysql root 2227 0.0 0.0 108332 1504 ? S 07:36 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.badobe.com.pid mysql 2319 0.1 24.5 1470068 501356 ? Sl 07:36 0:57 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.badobe.com.err --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.badobe.com.pid root 3579 0.0 0.1 201840 3028 pts/0 S+ 07:40 0:00 mysql -u root -p root 13887 0.0 0.1 201840 3048 pts/3 S+ 18:08 0:00 mysql -uroot -px xxxxxxxxxx root 14470 0.0 0.0 103248 840 pts/2 S+ 18:16 0:00 grep mysql [root@localhost ~]# vmstat 1 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu----- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 0 0 742172 76376 371064 0 0 6 6 78 202 2 1 97 1 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371060 0 0 0 16 191 467 2 1 93 5 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 148 388 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 159 418 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 145 380 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 166 429 2 1 97 0 0 1 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 148 373 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 149 382 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 168 408 2 0 97 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 165 394 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76380 371064 0 0 0 0 159 354 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 742164 76388 371060 0 0 0 16 180 447 2 0 91 6 0 0 0 0 742164 76388 371064 0 0 0 0 143 344 2 1 98 0 0 0 1 0 742784 76416 370044 0 0 28 580 360 678 3 1 74 23 0 1 0 0 744768 76496 367772 0 0 40 1036 437 865 3 1 53 43 0 0 1 0 747248 76596 365412 0 0 48 1224 561 923 3 2 53 43 0 0 1 0 749232 76696 363092 0 0 32 1132 512 883 3 2 52 44 0 0 1 0 751340 76772 361020 0 0 32 1008 472 872 2 1 52 45 0 0 1 0 753448 76840 358540 0 0 36 1088 512 860 2 1 51 46 0 0 1 0 755060 76936 357636 0 0 28 1012 481 922 2 2 52 45 0 0 1 0 755060 77064 357988 0 0 12 896 444 902 2 1 53 45 0 0 1 0 754688 77148 358448 0 0 16 1096 506 1007 1 1 56 42 0 0 2 0 754192 77268 358932 0 0 12 1060 481 957 1 2 53 44 0 0 1 0 753696 77380 359392 0 0 12 1052 512 1025 2 1 55 42 0 0 1 0 751028 77480 359828 0 0 8 984 423 909 2 2 52 45 0 0 1 0 750524 77620 360200 0 0 8 788 367 869 1 2 54 44 0 0 1 0 749904 77700 360664 0 0 8 928 439 924 2 2 55 43 0 0 1 0 749408 77796 361084 0 0 12 976 468 967 1 1 56 43 0 0 1 0 748788 77896 361464 0 0 12 992 453 944 1 2 54 43 0 1 1 0 748416 77992 361996 0 0 12 784 392 868 2 1 52 46 0 0 1 0 747920 78092 362336 0 0 4 896 382 874 1 1 52 46 0 0 1 0 745252 78172 362780 0 0 12 1040 444 923 1 1 56 42 0 0 1 0 744764 78288 363220 0 0 8 1024 448 934 2 1 55 43 0 0 1 0 744144 78408 363668 0 0 8 1000 461 982 2 1 53 44 0 0 1 0 743648 78488 364148 0 0 8 872 443 888 2 1 54 43 0 0 1 0 743152 78548 364468 0 0 16 1020 511 995 2 1 55 43 0 0 1 0 742656 78632 365024 0 0 12 928 431 913 1 2 53 44 0 0 1 0 742160 78728 365468 0 0 12 996 470 955 2 2 54 44 0 1 1 0 739492 78840 365896 0 0 8 988 447 939 1 2 52 46 0 0 1 0 738872 78996 366352 0 0 12 972 442 928 1 1 55 44 0 1 1 0 738244 79148 366812 0 0 8 948 549 1126 2 2 54 43 0 0 1 0 737624 79312 367188 0 0 12 996 456 953 2 2 54 43 0 0 1 0 736880 79456 367660 0 0 12 960 444 918 1 1 53 46 0 0 1 0 736260 79584 368124 0 0 8 884 414 921 1 1 54 44 0 0 1 0 735648 79716 368488 0 0 12 976 450 955 2 1 56 41 0 0 1 0 733104 79840 368988 0 0 12 932 453 918 1 2 55 43 0 0 1 0 732608 79996 369356 0 0 16 916 444 889 1 2 54 43 0 1 1 0 731476 80128 369800 0 0 16 852 514 978 2 2 54 43 0 0 1 0 731244 80252 370200 0 0 8 904 398 870 2 1 55 43 0 1 1 0 730624 80384 370612 0 0 12 1032 447 977 1 2 57 41 0 0 1 0 730004 80524 371096 0 0 12 984 469 941 2 2 52 45 0 0 1 0 729508 80636 371544 0 0 12 928 438 922 2 1 52 46 0 0 1 0 728888 80756 371948 0 0 16 972 439 943 2 1 55 43 0 0 1 0 726468 80900 372272 0 0 8 960 545 1024 2 1 54 43 0 1 1 0 726344 81024 372272 0 0 8 464 490 1057 1 2 53 44 0 0 1 0 726096 81148 372276 0 0 4 328 441 1063 2 1 53 45 0 1 1 0 726096 81256 372292 0 0 0 296 387 975 1 1 53 45 0 0 1 0 725848 81380 372284 0 0 4 332 425 1034 2 1 54 44 0 1 1 0 725848 81496 372300 0 0 4 308 386 992 2 1 54 43 0 0 1 0 725600 81616 372296 0 0 4 328 404 1060 1 1 54 44 0 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu----- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 1 0 725600 81732 372296 0 0 4 328 439 1011 1 1 53 44 0 0 1 0 725476 81848 372308 0 0 0 316 441 1023 2 2 52 46 0 1 1 0 725352 81972 372300 0 0 4 344 451 1021 1 1 55 43 0 2 1 0 725228 82088 372320 0 0 0 328 427 1058 1 1 54 44 0 1 1 0 724980 82220 372300 0 0 4 336 419 999 2 1 54 44 0 1 1 0 724980 82328 372320 0 0 4 320 430 1019 1 1 54 44 0 1 1 0 724732 82436 372328 0 0 0 388 363 942 2 1 54 44 0 1 1 0 724608 82560 372312 0 0 4 308 419 993 1 2 54 44 0 1 0 0 724360 82684 372320 0 0 0 304 421 1028 2 1 55 42 0 1 0 0 724360 82684 372388 0 0 0 0 158 416 2 1 98 0 0 1 1 0 724236 82720 372360 0 0 0 6464 243 855 3 2 84 12 0 1 0 0 724112 82748 372360 0 0 0 5356 266 895 3 1 84 12 0 2 1 0 724112 82764 372380 0 0 0 3052 221 511 2 2 93 4 0 1 0 0 724112 82796 372372 0 0 0 4548 325 1067 2 2 81 16 0 1 0 0 724112 82816 372368 0 0 0 3240 259 829 3 1 90 6 0 1 0 0 724112 82836 372380 0 0 0 3260 309 822 3 2 88 8 0 1 1 0 724112 82876 372364 0 0 0 4680 326 978 3 1 77 19 0 1 0 0 724112 82884 372380 0 0 0 512 207 508 2 1 95 2 0 1 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 138 361 2 1 98 0 0 1 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 158 397 2 1 98 0 0 1 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 146 395 2 1 98 0 0 2 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 160 395 2 1 98 0 0 1 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 163 382 1 1 98 0 0 1 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 176 422 2 1 98 0 0 1 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 134 351 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 724112 82884 372388 0 0 0 0 190 429 2 1 97 0 0 0 0 0 724104 82884 372392 0 0 0 0 139 358 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 724848 82884 372392 0 0 0 4 211 432 2 1 97 0 0 1 0 0 724980 82884 372392 0 0 0 0 166 370 2 1 98 0 0 0 0 0 724980 82884 372392 0 0 0 0 164 397 2 1 98 0 0 ^C [root@localhost ~]# Database size mysql> SELECT table_schema "Data Base Name", sum( data_length + index_length ) / 1024 / 1024 "Data Base Size in MB", sum( data_free )/ 1024 / 1024 "Free Space in MB" FROM information_schema.TABLES GROUP BY table_schema; +--------------------+----------------------+------------------+ | Data Base Name | Data Base Size in MB | Free Space in MB | +--------------------+----------------------+------------------+ | bidjunction | 4.68750000 | 0.00000000 | | information_schema | 0.00976563 | 0.00000000 | | mysql | 0.63899899 | 0.00105286 | +--------------------+----------------------+------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> Before Query mysql> SHOW SESSION STATUS like '%Tmp%'; +-------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------------+-------+ | Created_tmp_disk_tables | 0 | | Created_tmp_files | 6 | | Created_tmp_tables | 0 | +-------------------------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> After Query mysql> SHOW SESSION STATUS like '%Tmp%'; +-------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------------+-------+ | Created_tmp_disk_tables | 0 | | Created_tmp_files | 6 | | Created_tmp_tables | 2 | +-------------------------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>

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• Epoll in EPOLLET mode returning 2 EPOLLIN before reading from the socket

  - by Arkaitz Jimenez

  The epoll manpage says that a fd registered with EPOLLET(edge triggered) shouldn't notify twice EPOLLIN if no read has been done. So after an EPOLLIN you need to empty the buffer before epoll_wait being able to return a new EPOLLIN on new data. However I'm experiencing problems with this approach as I'm seeing duplicated EPOLLIN events for untouched fds. This is the strace output, 0x200 is EPOLLRDHUP that is not defined yet in my glibc headers but defined in the kernel. 30285 epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, 9, {EPOLLIN|EPOLLPRI|EPOLLERR|EPOLLHUP|EPOLLET|0x2000, {u32=9, u64=9}}) = 0 30285 epoll_wait(3, {{EPOLLIN, {u32=9, u64=9}}}, 10, -1) = 1 30285 epoll_wait(3, {{EPOLLIN, {u32=9, u64=9}}}, 10, -1) = 1 30285 epoll_wait(3, <unfinished ...> 30349 epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, 9, NULL) = 0 30306 recv(9, "7u\0\0\10\345\241\312\t\20\f\32\r\10\27\20\2\30\200\10 \31(C0\17\32\r\10\27\20\2\30"..., 20000, 0) = 20000 30349 epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, 9, NULL) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 30305 recv(9, " \31(C0\17\32\r\10\27\20\2\30\200\10 \31(C0\17\32\r\10\27\20\2\30\200\10 \31("..., 20000, 0) = 10011 So, after adding fd number 9 I do receive 2 consecutive EPOLLIN events before having recving the file descriptor, the syscall trace shows how I do delete the fd before reading but it should only happen once, one per event. So either I am not reading the manpage properly or something is now working here.

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• Can a standalone ruby script (windows and mac) reload and restart itself?

  - by user30997

  I have a master-workers architecture where the number of workers is growing on a weekly basis. I can no longer be expected to ssh or remote console into each machine to kill the worker, do a source control sync, and restart. I would like to be able to have the master place a message out on the network that tells each machine to sync and restart. That's where I hit a roadblock. If I were using any sane platform, I could just do: exec('ruby', __FILE__) ...and be done. However, I did the following test: p Process.pid sleep 1 exec('ruby', __FILE__) ...and on Windows, I get one ruby instance for each call to exec. None of them die until I hit ^C on the window in question. On every platform I tried this on, it is executing the new version of the file each time, which I have verified this by making simple edits to the test script while the test marched along. The reason I'm printing the pid is to double-check the behavior I'm seeing. On windows, I am getting a different pid with each execution - which I would expect, considering that I am seeing a new process in the task manager for each run. The mac is behaving correctly: the pid is the same for every system call and I have verified with dtrace that each run is trigging a call to the execve syscall. So, in short, is there a way to get a windows ruby script to restart its execution so it will be running any code - including itself - that has changed during its execution? Please note that this is not a rails application, though it does use activerecord.

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• pthread condition variables on Linux, odd behaviour.

  - by janesconference

  Hi. I'm synchronizing reader and writer processes on Linux. I have 0 or more process (the readers) that need to sleep until they are woken up, read a resource, go back to sleep and so on. Please note I don't know how many reader processes are up at any moment. I have one process (the writer) that writes on a resource, wakes up the readers and does its business until another resource is ready (in detail, I developed a no starve reader-writers solution, but that's not important). To implement the sleep / wake up mechanism I use a Posix condition value, pthread_cond_t. The clients call a pthread_cond_wait() on the variable to sleep, while the server does a pthread_cond_broadcast() to wake them all up. As the manual says, I surround these two calls with a lock/unlock of the associated pthread mutex. The condition variable and the mutex are initialized in the server and shared between processes through a shared memory area (because I'm not working with threads, but with separate processes) an I'm sure my kernel / syscall support it (because I checked _POSIX_THREAD_PROCESS_SHARED). What happens is that the first client process sleeps and wakes up perfectly. When I start the second process, it blocks on its pthread_cond_wait() and never wakes up, even if I'm sure (by the logs) that pthread_cond_broadcast() is called. If I kill the first process, and launch another one, it works perfectly. In other words, the condition variable pthread_cond_broadcast() seems to wake up only one process a time. If more than one process wait on the very same shared condition variable, only the first one manages to wake up correctly, while the others just seem to ignore the broadcast. Why this behaviour? If I send a pthread_cond_broadcast(), every waiting process should wake up, not just one (and, however, not always the same one).

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• Changing file permissions in kernel.

  - by Mehrdad

  I am writing kernel module(C in Linux) and I want to change the permission of the other files in it. any solution? since I am in kernel I can't use chmod syscall and ... thanks for your help This is my Makefile: > obj-m += ca.o > > all: > make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) modules > > clean: > make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) clean And this is my Code: > #include <linux/string.h> > #include <linux/mm.h> > /* Snip, tons of includes (all of them :))*/ > #include <linux/delay.h> .... int procfile_write(struct file *file, > const char *buffer, unsigned long > count, > void *data) { ... sys_chmod(path, per); ... } ... When Making it gives a warning: WARNING: "sys_chmod" [file] undefiened and when loading the module with "sudo insmod" it gives this error: Unknown sybol in module it seems that this error happens especialy in kernel modules. any idea? again thanks!

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• Pthread - setting scheduler parameters

  - by Andna

  I wanted to use read-writer locks from pthread library in a way, that writers have priority over readers. I read in my man pages that If the Thread Execution Scheduling option is supported, and the threads involved in the lock are executing with the scheduling policies SCHED_FIFO or SCHED_RR, the calling thread shall not acquire the lock if a writer holds the lock or if writers of higher or equal priority are blocked on the lock; otherwise, the calling thread shall acquire the lock. so I wrote small function that sets up thread scheduling options. void thread_set_up(int _thread) { struct sched_param *_param=malloc(sizeof (struct sched_param)); int *c=malloc(sizeof(int)); *c=sched_get_priority_min(SCHED_FIFO)+1; _param->__sched_priority=*c; long *a=malloc(sizeof(long)); *a=syscall(SYS_gettid); int *b=malloc(sizeof(int)); *b=SCHED_FIFO; if (pthread_setschedparam(*a,*b,_param) == -1) { //depending on which thread calls this functions, few thing can happen if (_thread == MAIN_THREAD) client_cleanup(); else if (_thread==ACCEPT_THREAD) { pthread_kill(params.main_thread_id,SIGINT); pthread_exit(NULL); } } } sorry for those a,b,c but I tried to malloc everything, still I get SIGSEGV on the call to pthread_setschedparam, I am wondering why?

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• How to force Debian to boot new Kernel?

  - by ThE_-_BliZZarD

  I'm running Debian 6, Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 2.6.32-5-amd64 under Grub2 ( 1.98+20100804-14+squeeze1) on a remote system (no possibility to view the pre-boot messages). I compiled and installed a new kernel, but I can not get it to boot. What I have done: Installed the packages via: dpkg -i linux-headers-3.5.3.20120914-amd64_3.5.3.20120914-amd64-10.00.Custom_amd64.deb linux-image-3.5.3.20120914-amd64_3.5.3.20120914-amd64-10.00.Custom_amd64.deb This updated the Grub configuration. My /boot/grub/grub.cfg now contains: menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 3.5.3.20120914-amd64' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { insmod raid insmod mdraid insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(md0)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 5a3882a9-c7df-4f6a-9feb-f03e3e37be01 echo 'Loading Linux 3.5.3.20120914-amd64 ...' linux /vmlinuz-3.5.3.20120914-amd64 root=UUID=003242b5-121b-49f3-b32f-1b40aea56eed ro acpi=ht quiet panic=10 echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /initrd.img-3.5.3.20120914-amd64 } menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 2.6.32-5-amd64' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { insmod raid insmod mdraid insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(md0)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 5a3882a9-c7df-4f6a-9feb-f03e3e37be01 echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.32-5-amd64 ...' linux /vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-amd64 root=UUID=003242b5-121b-49f3-b32f-1b40aea56eed ro acpi=ht quiet panic=10 echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /initrd.img-2.6.32-5-amd64 } I used grub-set-default "Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 2.6.32-5-amd64" to set the old kernel as default and then grub-reboot "Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 3.5.3.20120914-amd64" to boot into the new kernel once. After update-grub I rebooted the system, but everytime it comes back up with the old kernel (2.6). I tried setting the new one as default (grub-set-default 0, update-grub, reboot) but, still the old one. The Syslogs contain NO hint whatsoever about trying to boot the new kernel - only the old one. Would there be any hints regarding problems with a kernel? Is there a way to enable debug-logging in grub? What am I doing wrong? How can I force the system to boot the new kernel? Edit: Hardware of remote machine. CPU cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : AuthenticAMD cpu family : 16 model : 5 model name : AMD Athlon(tm) II X4 605e Processor stepping : 3 cpu MHz : 2294.898 cache size : 512 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 4 core id : 0 cpu cores : 4 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 5 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm 3dnowext 3dnow constant_tsc rep_good nonstop_tsc extd_apicid pni monitor cx16 popcnt lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw ibs skinit wdt bogomips : 4589.77 TLB size : 1024 4K pages clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: ts ttp tm stc 100mhzsteps hwpstate (copied only the first, 3 more follow) The server is a Fujitsu PRIMERGY MX130 S1.

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• How can I change how OS X's 'say' command pronounces a word?

  - by jwhitlock

  OS X's say command is useful for some tasks (such as Skype's 'notify me when a contact comes online), but it is pronouncing some names incorrectly. Is there a way to teach say to pronounce a word differently? For example, try: say "Hi, Joel Spolsky" The 'ol' sounds like 'ball' rather than 'old'. I'd like to add an exception that say "Pronounce Spolsky like this", rather than try to teach new linguistic rules. I bet there is a way since it can pronounce "iphone" as Apple wants. Update - After some research, here's what I've learned: Text-to-speech is split between turning the text to phonemes, and then the phonemes are turned into audio using a voice. Changing the voice doesn't effect the phonemes. The Speech Synthesis Manager has some functions for turning text to phonemes, and a method for registering a speech dictionary that will add new text-phoneme maps. However, Apple's speech dictionary must be in a binary form - I didn't find any plist XML. Using dtrace while running say, I found some interesting files opened in /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/SpeechDictionary.framework/Resources. This is probably the speech dictionary, but they are all binary, except for Homophones, which is XML. Adding entries to Homophones does nothing - it is probably used in speech-to-text. They are also code signed by Apple - changing them may prevent some programs from working. PrefixDictionary CartNames CartLite SymbolDictionary Homophones There are ways to add text versions of application interface elements so VoiceOver works, a lot of which a developer gets for free, but there are tricky bits. The standard here appears to be to use a phonetic spelling as needed. My guesses are: say is a light layer of code on top of the Speech Synthesis Manager. It would be easy for the Apple devs to add a command line option to take the path to a speech dictionary plist for alternate phoneme mapping, but they didn't. It may be a useful open-source project to write a better say. Skype probably uses Speech Synthesis Manager directly, leaving no hooks to change the way my friend's names are pronounced, other than spelling them phonetically, which is silly. The easiest way to make a command line version of say is how JRobert suggested. Here's my quick implementation, using Doug Harris's spelling suggestion: #!/bin/sh echo $@ | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]' | sed "s/spolsky/spowlsky/g" | /usr/bin/say Finally, some fun command line stuff: # Apple is weird sqlite3 /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/SpeechDictionary.framework/Resources/Tuples .dump # Get too much information about what files are being opened sudo dtrace -n 'syscall::open*:entry { printf("%s %s",execname,copyinstr(arg0)); }' # Just fun say -v bad "Joel Spolsky Spolsky Spolsky Spolsky Spolsky, Joel Spolsky Spolsky Spolsky Spolsky Spolsky" echo "scale=1000; 4*a(1)" | bc -l | say

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• Trying to grok Linux quotas, where is the data stored?

  - by CarpeNoctem

  So all the tutorials and documentation for the Linux quota system has left me confused. For each filesystem with quotas enabled/on where is the actual quota information stored? Is it filesystem metadata or is it in a file? Say user foo creates a new file on /home. How does the kernel determine whether user foo is below their hard limit? Does the kernel have to tally up quota information on that filesystem each time or is it in the superblock or somewhere else? As far as I understand, the kernel consults the aquota.user file for the actual rules, but where is the current quota usage data stored? Can this be viewed with any tools outside repquota and the like? TIA!! Update: Thanks for the help. I had already read that mini-HOWTO. I am pretty clear on the usage of the user space tools. What I was unclear on is whether the usage data was ALSO in the file that stored per-user limits and you answered this with a yes. From what I can tell, rc.sysinit runs quotacheck and quotaon on startup. The quotacheck program analyzes the filesystem, updates the aquota.* files. It then makes use of quota.h and the quotactl() syscall to inform the kernel of quota info. From this point forward the kernel hashes that information and increments/decrements quota stats as changes occur. Upon shutdown, the init.d/halt script runs the quotaoff command RIGHT before the filesystems are unmounted. The quotaoff command does not appear to update the aquota.* files with the information the kernel has in memory. I say this because the {a,c,m}times for the aquota.user file are only updated upon a reboot of the system or by manual running the quotacheck command. It appears - as far as I can tell - that the kernel just drops it's up-to-date usage data on the floor at shutdown. This information is never used to update the aquota.* files. They are updated during startup by quotacheck(rc.sysinit). Seems silly to me since that updated info had already been collected by the kernel. So...in conclusion I am still not entirely clear on the methods. ;)

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• Issues with MIPS interrupt for tv remote simulator

  - by pred2040

  Hello I am writing a program for class to simulate a tv remote in a MIPS/SPIM enviroment. The functions of the program itself are unimportant as they worked fine before the interrupt so I left them all out. The gaol is basically to get a input from the keyboard by means of interupt, store it in $s7 and process it. The interrupt is causing my program to repeatedly spam the errors: Exception occurred at PC=0x00400068 Bad address in data/stack read: 0x00000004 Exception occurred at PC=0x00400358 Bad address in data/stack read: 0x00000000 program starts here .data msg_tvworking: .asciiz "tv is working\n" msg_sec: .asciiz "sec -- " msg_on: .asciiz "Power On" msg_off: .asciiz "Power Off" msg_channel: .asciiz " Channel " msg_volume: .asciiz " Volume " msg_sleep: .asciiz " Sleep Timer: " msg_dash: .asciiz "-\n" msg_newline: .asciiz "\n" msg_comma: .asciiz ", " array1: .space 400 # 400 bytes of storage for 100 channels array2: .space 400 # copy of above for sorting var1: .word 0 # 1 if 0-9 is pressed, 0 if not var2: .word 0 # stores number of channel (ex. 2-) var3: .word 0 # channel timer var4: .word 0 # 1 if s pressed once, 2 if twice, 0 if not var5: .word 0 # sleep wait timer var6: .word 0 # program timer var9: .float 0.01 # for channel timings .kdata var7: .word 10 var8: .word 11 .text .globl main main: li $s0, 300 li $s1, 0 # channel li $s2, 50 # volume li $s3, 1 # power - 1:on 0:off li $s4, 0 # sleep timer - 0:off li $s5, 0 # temporary li $s6, 0 # length of sleep period li $s7, 10000 # current key press li $t2, 0 # temp value not needed across calls li $t4, 0 interrupt data here mfc0 $a0, $12 ori $a0, 0xff11 mtc0 $a0, $12 lui $t0, 0xFFFF ori $a0, $0, 2 sw $a0, 0($t0) mainloop: # 1. get external input, and process it # input from interupt is taken from $a2 and placed in $s7 #for processing beq $a2, $0, next lw $s7, 4($a2) li $a2, 0 # call the process_input function here # jal process_input next: # 2. check sleep timer mainloopnext1: # 3. delay for 10ms jal delay_10ms jal check_timers jal channel_time # 4. print status lw $s5, var6 addi $s5, $s5, 1 sw $s5, var6 addi $s0, $s0, -1 bne $s0, $0, mainloopnext4 li $s0, 300 jal status_print mainloopnext4: j mainloop li $v0,10 # exit syscall -------------------------------------------------- status_print: seconds_stat: power_stat: on_stat: off_stat: channel_stat: volume_stat: sleep_stat: j $ra -------------------------------------------------- delay_10ms: li $t0, 6000 delay_10ms_loop: addi $t0, $t0, -1 bne $t0, $0, delay_10ms_loop jr $ra -------------------------------------------------- check_timers: channel_press: sleep_press: go_back_press: channel_check: channel_ignore: sleep_check: sleep_ignore: j $ra ------------------------------------------------ process_input: beq $s7, 112, power beq $s7, 117, channel_up beq $s7, 100, channel_down beq $s7, 108, volume_up beq $s7, 107, volume_down beq $s7, 115, sleep_init beq $s7, 118, history bgt $s7, 47, end_range jr $ra end_range: power: on: off: channel_up: over: channel_down: under: channel_message: channel_time: volume_up: volume_down: volume_message: sleep_init: sleep_incr: sleep: sleep_reset: history: digit_pad_init: digit_pad: jr $ra -------------------------------------------- interupt data here, followed closely from class .ktext 0x80000180 .set noat move $k1, $at .set at sw $v0, var7 sw $a0, var8 mfc0 $k0, $13 srl $a0, $k0, 2 andi $a0, $a0, 0x1f bne $a0, $zero, no_io lui $v0, 0xFFFF lw $a2, 4($v0) # keyboard data placed in $a2 no_io: mtc0 $0, $13 mfc0 $k0, $12 andi $k0, 0xfffd ori $k0, 0x11 mtc0 $k0, $12 lw $v0, var7 lw $a0, var8 .set noat move $at, $k1 .set at eret Thanks in advance.

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• Bash can't start a programme that's there and has all the right permissions

  - by Rory

  This is a gentoo server. There's a programme prog that can't execute. (Yes the execute permission is set) About the file $ ls prog $ ./prog bash: ./prog: No such file or directory $ file prog prog: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), for GNU/Linux 2.2.5, dynamically linked (uses shared libs), not stripped $ pwd /usr/local/bin $ /usr/local/bin/prog bash: /usr/local/bin/prog: No such file or directory $ less prog | head ELF Header: Magic: 7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Class: ELF32 Data: 2's complement, little endian Version: 1 (current) OS/ABI: UNIX - System V ABI Version: 0 Type: EXEC (Executable file) Machine: Intel 80386 Version: 0x1 I have a fancy less, to show that it's an actual executable, here's some more data: $ xxd prog |head 0000000: 7f45 4c46 0101 0100 0000 0000 0000 0000 .ELF............ 0000010: 0200 0300 0100 0000 c092 0408 3400 0000 ............4... 0000020: 0401 0a00 0000 0000 3400 2000 0700 2800 ........4. ...(. 0000030: 2600 2300 0600 0000 3400 0000 3480 0408 &.#.....4...4... 0000040: 3480 0408 e000 0000 e000 0000 0500 0000 4............... 0000050: 0400 0000 0300 0000 1401 0000 1481 0408 ................ 0000060: 1481 0408 1300 0000 1300 0000 0400 0000 ................ 0000070: 0100 0000 0100 0000 0000 0000 0080 0408 ................ 0000080: 0080 0408 21f1 0500 21f1 0500 0500 0000 ....!...!....... 0000090: 0010 0000 0100 0000 40f1 0500 4081 0a08 ........@...@... and $ ls -l prog -rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 devs 725706 Aug 6 2007 prog $ ldd prog not a dynamic executable $ strace ./prog 1249403877.639076 execve("./prog", ["./prog"], [/* 27 vars */]) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 1249403877.640645 dup(2) = 3 1249403877.640875 fcntl(3, F_GETFL) = 0x8002 (flags O_RDWR|O_LARGEFILE) 1249403877.641143 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(136, 0), ...}) = 0 1249403877.641484 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x2b3b8954a000 1249403877.641747 lseek(3, 0, SEEK_CUR) = -1 ESPIPE (Illegal seek) 1249403877.642045 write(3, "strace: exec: No such file or dir"..., 40strace: exec: No such file or directory ) = 40 1249403877.642324 close(3) = 0 1249403877.642531 munmap(0x2b3b8954a000, 4096) = 0 1249403877.642735 exit_group(1) = ? About the server FTR the server is a xen domU, and the programme is a closed source linux application. This VM is a copy of another VM that has the same root filesystem (including this programme), that works fine. I've tried all the above as root and same problem. Did I mention the root filesystem is mounted over NFS. However it's mounted 'defaults,nosuid', which should include execute. Also I am able to run many other programmes from that mounted drive /proc/cpuinfo: processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 15 model : 4 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 3.00GHz stepping : 1 cpu MHz : 2992.692 cache size : 1024 KB fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 5 wp : yes flags : fpu tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm syscall nx lm constant_tsc pni monitor ds_cpl cid cx16 xtpr bogmips : 5989.55 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 128 address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: Example of a file that I can run I can run other programmes on that mounted filesystem on that server. For example: $ ls -l ls -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 105576 Jul 25 17:14 ls $ file ls ls: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), for GNU/Linux 2.6.9, dynamically linked (uses shared libs), stripped $ ./ls attr cat cut echo getfacl ln more ... (you get the idea) ... rmdir sort tty $ less ls | head ELF Header: Magic: 7f 45 4c 46 02 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Class: ELF64 Data: 2's complement, little endian Version: 1 (current) OS/ABI: UNIX - System V ABI Version: 0 Type: EXEC (Executable file) Machine: Advanced Micro Devices X86-64 Version: 0x1

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• Installing Lubuntu 14.04.1 forcepae fails

  - by Rantanplan

  I tried to install Lubuntu 14.04.1 from a CD. First, I chose Try Lubuntu without installing which gave: ERROR: PAE is disabled on this Pentium M (PAE can potentially be enabled with kernel parameter "forcepae" ... Following the description on https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PAE, I used forcepae and tried Try Lubuntu without installing again. That worked fine. dmesg | grep -i pae showed: [ 0.000000] Kernel command line: file=/cdrom/preseed/lubuntu.seed boot=casper initrd=/casper/initrd.lz quiet splash -- forcepae [ 0.008118] PAE forced! On the live-CD session, I tried installing Lubuntu double clicking on the install button on the desktop. Here, the CD starts running but then stops running and nothing happens. Next, I rebooted and tried installing Lubuntu directly from the boot menu screen using forcepae again. After a while, I receive the following error message: The installer encountered an unrecoverable error. A desktop session will now be run so that you may investigate the problem or try installing again. Hitting Enter brings me to the desktop. For what errors should I search? And how? Finally, I rebooted once more and tried Check disc for defects with forcepae option; no errors have been found. Now, I am wondering how to find the error or whether it would be better to follow advice c in https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PAE: "Move the hard disk to a computer on which the processor has PAE capability and PAE flag (that is, almost everything else than a Banias). Install the system as usual but don't add restricted drivers. After the install move the disk back." Thanks for some hints! Perhaps some of the following can help: On Lubuntu 12.04: cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 13 model name : Intel(R) Pentium(R) M processor 1.50GHz stepping : 6 microcode : 0x17 cpu MHz : 600.000 cache size : 2048 KB fdiv_bug : no hlt_bug : no f00f_bug : no coma_bug : no fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 2 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr mce cx8 mtrr pge mca cmov clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss tm pbe up bts est tm2 bogomips : 1284.76 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 32 bits physical, 32 bits virtual power management: uname -a Linux humboldt 3.2.0-67-generic #101-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jul 15 17:45:51 UTC 2014 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS Release: 12.04 Codename: precise cpuid eax in eax ebx ecx edx 00000000 00000002 756e6547 6c65746e 49656e69 00000001 000006d6 00000816 00000180 afe9f9bf 00000002 02b3b001 000000f0 00000000 2c04307d 80000000 80000004 00000000 00000000 00000000 80000001 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 80000002 20202020 20202020 65746e49 2952286c 80000003 6e655020 6d756974 20295228 7270204d 80000004 7365636f 20726f73 30352e31 007a4847 Vendor ID: "GenuineIntel"; CPUID level 2 Intel-specific functions: Version 000006d6: Type 0 - Original OEM Family 6 - Pentium Pro Model 13 - Stepping 6 Reserved 0 Brand index: 22 [not in table] Extended brand string: " Intel(R) Pentium(R) M processor 1.50GHz" CLFLUSH instruction cache line size: 8 Feature flags afe9f9bf: FPU Floating Point Unit VME Virtual 8086 Mode Enhancements DE Debugging Extensions PSE Page Size Extensions TSC Time Stamp Counter MSR Model Specific Registers MCE Machine Check Exception CX8 COMPXCHG8B Instruction SEP Fast System Call MTRR Memory Type Range Registers PGE PTE Global Flag MCA Machine Check Architecture CMOV Conditional Move and Compare Instructions FGPAT Page Attribute Table CLFSH CFLUSH instruction DS Debug store ACPI Thermal Monitor and Clock Ctrl MMX MMX instruction set FXSR Fast FP/MMX Streaming SIMD Extensions save/restore SSE Streaming SIMD Extensions instruction set SSE2 SSE2 extensions SS Self Snoop TM Thermal monitor 31 reserved TLB and cache info: b0: unknown TLB/cache descriptor b3: unknown TLB/cache descriptor 02: Instruction TLB: 4MB pages, 4-way set assoc, 2 entries f0: unknown TLB/cache descriptor 7d: unknown TLB/cache descriptor 30: unknown TLB/cache descriptor 04: Data TLB: 4MB pages, 4-way set assoc, 8 entries 2c: unknown TLB/cache descriptor On Lubuntu 14.04.1 live-CD with forcepae: cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 13 model name : Intel(R) Pentium(R) M processor 1.50GHz stepping : 6 microcode : 0x17 cpu MHz : 600.000 cache size : 2048 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 1 core id : 0 cpu cores : 1 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fdiv_bug : no f00f_bug : no coma_bug : no fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 2 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 sep mtrr pge mca cmov clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss tm pbe bts est tm2 bogomips : 1284.68 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 36 bits physical, 32 bits virtual power management: uname -a Linux lubuntu 3.13.0-32-generic #57-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jul 15 03:51:12 UTC 2014 i686 i686 i686 GNU/Linux lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS Release: 14.04 Codename: trusty cpuid CPU 0: vendor_id = "GenuineIntel" version information (1/eax): processor type = primary processor (0) family = Intel Pentium Pro/II/III/Celeron/Core/Core 2/Atom, AMD Athlon/Duron, Cyrix M2, VIA C3 (6) model = 0xd (13) stepping id = 0x6 (6) extended family = 0x0 (0) extended model = 0x0 (0) (simple synth) = Intel Pentium M (Dothan B1) / Celeron M (Dothan B1), 90nm miscellaneous (1/ebx): process local APIC physical ID = 0x0 (0) cpu count = 0x0 (0) CLFLUSH line size = 0x8 (8) brand index = 0x16 (22) brand id = 0x16 (22): Intel Pentium M, .13um feature information (1/edx): x87 FPU on chip = true virtual-8086 mode enhancement = true debugging extensions = true page size extensions = true time stamp counter = true RDMSR and WRMSR support = true physical address extensions = false machine check exception = true CMPXCHG8B inst. = true APIC on chip = false SYSENTER and SYSEXIT = true memory type range registers = true PTE global bit = true machine check architecture = true conditional move/compare instruction = true page attribute table = true page size extension = false processor serial number = false CLFLUSH instruction = true debug store = true thermal monitor and clock ctrl = true MMX Technology = true FXSAVE/FXRSTOR = true SSE extensions = true SSE2 extensions = true self snoop = true hyper-threading / multi-core supported = false therm. monitor = true IA64 = false pending break event = true feature information (1/ecx): PNI/SSE3: Prescott New Instructions = false PCLMULDQ instruction = false 64-bit debug store = false MONITOR/MWAIT = false CPL-qualified debug store = false VMX: virtual machine extensions = false SMX: safer mode extensions = false Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology = true thermal monitor 2 = true SSSE3 extensions = false context ID: adaptive or shared L1 data = false FMA instruction = false CMPXCHG16B instruction = false xTPR disable = false perfmon and debug = false process context identifiers = false direct cache access = false SSE4.1 extensions = false SSE4.2 extensions = false extended xAPIC support = false MOVBE instruction = false POPCNT instruction = false time stamp counter deadline = false AES instruction = false XSAVE/XSTOR states = false OS-enabled XSAVE/XSTOR = false AVX: advanced vector extensions = false F16C half-precision convert instruction = false RDRAND instruction = false hypervisor guest status = false cache and TLB information (2): 0xb0: instruction TLB: 4K, 4-way, 128 entries 0xb3: data TLB: 4K, 4-way, 128 entries 0x02: instruction TLB: 4M pages, 4-way, 2 entries 0xf0: 64 byte prefetching 0x7d: L2 cache: 2M, 8-way, sectored, 64 byte lines 0x30: L1 cache: 32K, 8-way, 64 byte lines 0x04: data TLB: 4M pages, 4-way, 8 entries 0x2c: L1 data cache: 32K, 8-way, 64 byte lines extended feature flags (0x80000001/edx): SYSCALL and SYSRET instructions = false execution disable = false 1-GB large page support = false RDTSCP = false 64-bit extensions technology available = false Intel feature flags (0x80000001/ecx): LAHF/SAHF supported in 64-bit mode = false LZCNT advanced bit manipulation = false 3DNow! PREFETCH/PREFETCHW instructions = false brand = " Intel(R) Pentium(R) M processor 1.50GHz" (multi-processing synth): none (multi-processing method): Intel leaf 1 (synth) = Intel Pentium M (Dothan B1), 90nm

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• Solaris 11 Launch Blog Carnival Roundup

  - by constant

  Solaris 11 is here! And together with the official launch activities, a lot of Oracle and non-Oracle bloggers contributed helpful and informative blog articles to help your datacenter go to eleven. Here are some notable blog postings, sorted by category for your Solaris 11 blog-reading pleasure: Getting Started/Overview A lot of people speculated that the official launch of Solaris 11 would be on 11/11 (whatever way you want to turn it), but it actually happened two days earlier. Larry Wake himself offers 11 Reasons Why Oracle Solaris 11 11/11 Isn't Being Released on 11/11/11. Then, Larry goes on with a summary: Oracle Solaris 11: The First Cloud OS gives you a short and sweet rundown of what the major new features of Solaris 11 are. Jeff Victor has his own list of What's New in Oracle Solaris 11. A popular Solaris 11 meme is to write a blog post about 11 favourite features: Jim Laurent's 11 Reasons to Love Solaris 11, Darren Moffat's 11 Favourite Solaris 11 Features, Mike Gerdt's 11 of My Favourite Things! are just three examples of "11 Favourite Things..." type blog posts, I'm sure many more will follow... More official overview content for Solaris 11 is available from the Oracle Tech Network Solaris 11 Portal. Also, check out Rick Ramsey's blog post Solaris 11 Resources for System Administrators on the OTN Blog and his secret 5 Commands That Make Solaris Administration Easier post from the OTN Garage. (Automatic) Installation and the Image Packaging System (IPS) The brand new Image Packaging System (IPS) and the Automatic Installer (IPS), together with numerous other install/packaging/boot/patching features are among the most significant improvements in Solaris 11. But before installing, you may wonder whether Solaris 11 will support your particular set of hardware devices. Again, the OTN Garage comes to the rescue with Rick Ramsey's post How to Find Out Which Devices Are Supported By Solaris 11. Included is a useful guide to all the first steps to get your Solaris 11 system up and running. Tim Foster had a whole handful of blog posts lined up for the launch, teaching you everything you need to know about IPS but didn't dare to ask: The IPS System Repository, IPS Self-assembly - Part 1: Overlays and Part 2: Multiple Packages Delivering Configuration. Watch out for more IPS posts from Tim! If installing packages or upgrading your system from the net makes you uneasy, then you're not alone: Jim Laurent will tech you how Building a Solaris 11 Repository Without Network Connection will make your life easier. Many of you have already peeked into the future by installing Solaris 11 Express. If you're now wondering whether you can upgrade or whether a fresh install is necessary, then check out Alan Hargreaves's post Upgrading Solaris 11 Express b151a with support to Solaris 11. The trick is in upgrading your pkg(1M) first. Networking One of the first things to do after installing Solaris 11 (or any operating system for that matter), is to set it up for networking. Solaris 11 comes with the brand new "Network Auto-Magic" feature which can figure out everything by itself. For those cases where you want to exercise a little more control, Solaris 11 left a few people scratching their heads. Fortunately, Tschokko wrote up this cool blog post: Solaris 11 manual IPv4 & IPv6 configuration right after the launch ceremony. Thanks, Tschokko! And Milek points out a long awaited networking feature in Solaris 11 called Solaris 11 - hostmodel, which I know for a fact that many customers have looked forward to: How to "bind" a Solaris 11 system to a specific gateway for specific IP address it is using. Steffen Weiberle teaches us how to tune the Solaris 11 networking stack the proper way: ipadm(1M). No more fiddling with ndd(1M)! Check out his tutorial on Solaris 11 Network Tunables. And if you want to get even deeper into the networking stack, there's nothing better than DTrace. Alan Maguire teaches you in: DTracing TCP Congestion Control how to probe deeply into the Solaris 11 TCP/IP stack, the TCP congestion control part in particular. Don't miss his other DTrace and TCP related blog posts! DTrace And there we are: DTrace, the king of all observability tools. Long time DTrace veteran and co-author of The DTrace book*, Brendan Gregg blogged about Solaris 11 DTrace syscall provider changes. BTW, after you install Solaris 11, check out the DTrace toolkit which is installed by default in /usr/dtrace/DTT. It is chock full of handy DTrace scripts, many of which contributed by Brendan himself! Security Another big theme in Solaris 11, and one that is crucial for the success of any operating system in the Cloud is Security. Here are some notable posts in this category: Darren Moffat starts by showing us how to completely get rid of root: Completely Disabling Root Logins on Solaris 11. With no root user, there's one major entry point less to worry about. But that's only the start. In Immutable Zones on Encrypted ZFS, Darren shows us how to double the security of your services: First by locking them into the new Immutable Zones feature, then by encrypting their data using the new ZFS encryption feature. And if you're still missing sudo from your Linux days, Darren again has a solution: Password (PAM) caching for Solaris su - "a la sudo". If you're wondering how much compute power all this encryption will cost you, you're in luck: The Solaris X86 AESNI OpenSSL Engine will make sure you'll use your Intel's embedded crypto support to its fullest. And if you own a brand new SPARC T4 machine you're even luckier: It comes with its own SPARC T4 OpenSSL Engine. Dan Anderson's posts show how there really is now excuse not to encrypt any more... Developers Solaris 11 has a lot to offer to developers as well. Ali Bahrami has a series of blog posts that cover diverse developer topics: elffile: ELF Specific File Identification Utility, Using Stub Objects and The Stub Proto: Not Just For Stub Objects Anymore to name a few. BTW, if you're a developer and want to shape the future of Solaris 11, then Vijay Tatkar has a hint for you: Oracle (Sun Systems Group) is hiring! Desktop and Graphics Yes, Solaris 11 is a 100% server OS, but it can also offer a decent desktop environment, especially if you are a developer. Alan Coopersmith starts by discussing S11 X11: ye olde window system in today's new operating system, then Calum Benson shows us around What's new on the Solaris 11 Desktop. Even accessibility is a first-class citizen in the Solaris 11 user interface. Peter Korn celebrates: Accessible Oracle Solaris 11 - released! Performance Gone are the days of "Slowaris", when Solaris was among the few OSes that "did the right thing" while others cut corners just to win benchmarks. Today, Solaris continues doing the right thing, and it delivers the right performance at the same time. Need proof? Check out Brian's BestPerf blog with continuous updates from the benchmarking lab, including Recent Benchmarks Using Oracle Solaris 11! Send Me More Solaris 11 Launch Articles! These are just a few of the more interesting blog articles that came out around the Solaris 11 launch, I'm sure there are many more! Feel free to post a comment below if you find a particularly interesting blog post that hasn't been listed so far and share your enthusiasm for Solaris 11! *Affiliate link: Buy cool stuff and support this blog at no extra cost. We both win! var flattr_uid = '26528'; var flattr_tle = 'Solaris 11 Launch Blog Carnival Roundup'; var flattr_dsc = '<strong>Solaris 11 is here!</strong>And together with the official launch activities, a lot of Oracle and non-Oracle bloggers contributed helpful and informative blog articles to help your datacenter <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_to_eleven">go to eleven</a>.Here are some notable blog postings, sorted by category for your Solaris 11 blog-reading pleasure:'; var flattr_tag = 'blogging,digest,Oracle,Solaris,solaris,solaris 11'; var flattr_cat = 'text'; var flattr_url = 'http://constantin.glez.de/blog/2011/11/solaris-11-launch-blog-carnival-roundup'; var flattr_lng = 'en_GB'

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• Why did Ubuntu suddenly get so slow?

  - by user101383

  12.10 has been slowing down mysteriously. Normally, in past versions, I can log in, open Firefox, and it will pop up within seconds. 12.10 is like that upon install too, though once I install my old apps, it gets very slow by Ubuntu standards. After login the hard drive will just make noise for a while before the OS will do anything. Hardware: enter description: Desktop Computer product: XPS 8300 () vendor: Dell Inc. serial: B6G2WR1 width: 64 bits capabilities: smbios-2.6 dmi-2.6 vsyscall32 configuration: boot=normal chassis=desktop uuid=44454C4C-3600-1047-8032-C2C04F575231 core description: Motherboard product: 0Y2MRG vendor: Dell Inc. physical id: 0 version: A00 serial: ..CN7360419G04VQ. slot: To Be Filled By O.E.M. *cpu description: CPU product: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2600 CPU @ 3.40GHz vendor: Intel Corp. physical id: 4 bus info: cpu@0 version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2600 CPU @ 3.40GHz serial: To Be Filled By O.E.M. slot: CPU 1 size: 1600MHz capacity: 1600MHz width: 64 bits clock: 100MHz capabilities: x86-64 fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx lahf_lm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid cpufreq configuration: cores=4 enabledcores=1 threads=2 *-cache:0 description: L1 cache physical id: 5 slot: L1-Cache size: 256KiB capacity: 256KiB capabilities: internal write-through unified *-cache:1 description: L2 cache physical id: 6 slot: L2-Cache size: 1MiB capacity: 1MiB capabilities: internal write-through unified *-cache:2 DISABLED description: L3 cache physical id: 7 slot: L3-Cache size: 8MiB capacity: 8MiB capabilities: internal write-back unified *-memory description: System Memory physical id: 20 slot: System board or motherboard size: 8GiB *-bank:0 description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8 ns) product: NT2GC64B88B0NF-CG vendor: Nanya physical id: 0 serial: 7228183 slot: DIMM3 size: 2GiB width: 64 bits clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns) *-bank:1 description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8 ns) product: NT2GC64B88B0NF-CG vendor: Nanya physical id: 1 serial: 1E28183 slot: DIMM1 size: 2GiB width: 64 bits clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns) *-bank:2 description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8 ns) product: NT2GC64B88B0NF-CG vendor: Nanya physical id: 2 serial: 9E28183 slot: DIMM4 size: 2GiB width: 64 bits clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns) *-bank:3 description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8 ns) product: NT2GC64B88B0NF-CG vendor: Nanya physical id: 3 serial: 5527183 slot: DIMM2 size: 2GiB width: 64 bits clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns) *-firmware description: BIOS vendor: Dell Inc. physical id: 0 version: A05 date: 09/21/2011 size: 64KiB capacity: 4032KiB capabilities: mca pci upgrade shadowing escd cdboot bootselect socketedrom edd int13floppy1200 int13floppy720 int13floppy2880 int5printscreen int9keyboard int14serial int17printer int10video acpi usb zipboot biosbootspecification *-pci description: Host bridge product: 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 100 bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0 version: 09 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz *-pci:0 description: PCI bridge product: Xeon E3-1200/2nd Generation Core Processor Family PCI Express Root Port vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1 bus info: pci@0000:00:01.0 version: 09 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pm msi pciexpress normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:40 ioport:e000(size=4096) memory:fe600000-fe6fffff ioport:d0000000(size=268435456) *-display description: VGA compatible controller product: Juniper [Radeon HD 5700 Series] vendor: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0 version: 00 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm pciexpress msi vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=radeon latency=0 resources: irq:44 memory:d0000000-dfffffff memory:fe620000-fe63ffff ioport:e000(size=256) memory:fe600000-fe61ffff *-multimedia description: Audio device product: Juniper HDMI Audio [Radeon HD 5700 Series] vendor: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI physical id: 0.1 bus info: pci@0000:01:00.1 version: 00 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm pciexpress msi bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=0 resources: irq:48 memory:fe640000-fe643fff *-communication description: Communication controller product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 16 bus info: pci@0000:00:16.0 version: 04 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=mei latency=0 resources: irq:45 memory:fe708000-fe70800f *-usb:0 description: USB controller product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1a bus info: pci@0000:00:1a.0 version: 05 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=ehci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:16 memory:fe707000-fe7073ff *-multimedia description: Audio device product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1b bus info: pci@0000:00:1b.0 version: 05 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=0 resources: irq:46 memory:fe700000-fe703fff *-pci:1 description: PCI bridge product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1c bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.0 version: b5 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:41 memory:fe500000-fe5fffff *-network description: Network controller product: BCM4313 802.11b/g/n Wireless LAN Controller vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 version: 01 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=bcma-pci-bridge latency=0 resources: irq:16 memory:fe500000-fe503fff *-pci:2 description: PCI bridge product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 4 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1c.3 bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.3 version: b5 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:42 memory:fe400000-fe4fffff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: NetLink BCM57788 Gigabit Ethernet PCIe vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 01 serial: 18:03:73:e1:a7:71 size: 100Mbit/s capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=tg3 driverversion=3.123 duplex=full firmware=sb ip=192.168.1.3 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=MII speed=100Mbit/s resources: irq:47 memory:fe400000-fe40ffff *-usb:1 description: USB controller product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1d bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.0 version: 05 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=ehci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:23 memory:fe706000-fe7063ff *-isa description: ISA bridge product: H67 Express Chipset Family LPC Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.0 version: 05 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: isa bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 *-storage description: SATA controller product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family SATA AHCI Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f.2 bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.2 version: 05 width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: storage msi pm ahci_1.0 bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=ahci latency=0 resources: irq:43 ioport:f070(size=8) ioport:f060(size=4) ioport:f050(size=8) ioport:f040(size=4) ioport:f020(size=32) memory:fe705000-fe7057ff *-serial UNCLAIMED description: SMBus product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f.3 bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.3 version: 05 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:fe704000-fe7040ff ioport:f000(size=32) *-scsi:0 physical id: 1 logical name: scsi0 capabilities: emulated *-disk description: ATA Disk product: Hitachi HUA72201 vendor: Hitachi physical id: 0.0.0 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/sda version: JP4O serial: JPW9J0HD21BTZC size: 931GiB (1TB) capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos configuration: ansiversion=5 sectorsize=512 signature=000641dc *-volume:0 description: EXT4 volume vendor: Linux physical id: 1 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,1 logical name: /dev/sda1 logical name: / version: 1.0 serial: 4e3d91b7-fd38-4f44-a9e9-ba3c39b926ec size: 585GiB capacity: 585GiB capabilities: primary journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover extents ext4 ext2 initialized configuration: created=2012-10-21 16:26:50 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/ modified=2012-10-29 18:12:08 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered mounted=2012-10-29 18:12:08 state=mounted *-volume:1 description: Extended partition physical id: 2 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,2 logical name: /dev/sda2 size: 7823MiB capacity: 7823MiB capabilities: primary extended partitioned partitioned:extended *-logicalvolume description: Linux swap / Solaris partition physical id: 5 logical name: /dev/sda5 capacity: 7823MiB capabilities: nofs *-volume:2 description: Windows NTFS volume physical id: 3 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,3 logical name: /dev/sda3 version: 3.1 serial: 84a92aae-347b-7940-a2d1-f4745b885ef2 size: 337GiB capacity: 337GiB capabilities: primary bootable ntfs initialized configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2012-10-21 18:43:39 filesystem=ntfs modified_by_chkdsk=true mounted_on_nt4=true resize_log_file=true state=dirty upgrade_on_mount=true *-scsi:1 physical id: 2 logical name: scsi1 capabilities: emulated *-cdrom description: DVD-RAM writer product: DVDRWBD DH-12E3S vendor: PLDS physical id: 0.0.0 bus info: scsi@1:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/cdrom logical name: /dev/cdrw logical name: /dev/dvd logical name: /dev/dvdrw logical name: /dev/sr0 version: MD11 capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc *-scsi:2 physical id: 3 bus info: usb@2:1.8 logical name: scsi6 capabilities: emulated scsi-host configuration: driver=usb-storage *-disk:0 description: SCSI Disk physical id: 0.0.0 bus info: scsi@6:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/sdb configuration: sectorsize=512 *-disk:1 description: SCSI Disk physical id: 0.0.1 bus info: scsi@6:0.0.1 logical name: /dev/sdc configuration: sectorsize=512 *-disk:2 description: SCSI Disk physical id: 0.0.2 bus info: scsi@6:0.0.2 logical name: /dev/sdd configuration: sectorsize=512 *-disk:3 description: SCSI Disk product: MS/MS-Pro vendor: Generic- physical id: 0.0.3 bus info: scsi@6:0.0.3 logical name: /dev/sde version: 1.03 serial: 3 capabilities: removable configuration: sectorsize=512 *-medium physical id: 0 logical name: /dev/sde

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• Disk Drive not working

  - by user287681

  The CD/DVD drive on my sisters' (I'm helping her shift from Win. XP (now officially deprecated by Microsoft) to Ubuntu) system. Now, it may end up being a failed attempt, all together (Almost the whole last year (when she's been on XP) the disk drive hasn't (not even powering on) been working.), I just want to make sure I've explored every remote possibility. Because I figure, "Huh, now that I've got Ubuntu running, instead of XP, that (just) might make a difference.". I have tried using the sudo lshw command in the terminal, to (seemingly) no avil, but, who knows, you might be able to make something out of it. Here's the output: kyra@kyra-Satellite-P105:~$ sudo lshw [sudo] password for kyra: kyra-satellite-p105 description: Notebook product: Satellite P105 () vendor: TOSHIBA version: PSPA0U-0TN01M serial: 96084354W width: 64 bits capabilities: smbios-2.4 dmi-2.4 vsyscall32 configuration: administrator_password=disabled boot=oem-specific chassis=notebook frontpanel_password=unknown keyboard_password=unknown power-on_password=disabled uuid=00900559-F88E-D811-82E0-00163680E992 *-core description: Motherboard product: Satellite P105 vendor: TOSHIBA physical id: 0 version: Not Applicable serial: 1234567890 *-firmware description: BIOS vendor: TOSHIBA physical id: 0 version: V4.70 date: 01/19/20092 size: 92KiB capabilities: isa pci pcmcia pnp upgrade shadowing escd cdboot acpi usb biosbootspecification *-cpu description: CPU product: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 CPU T5500 @ 1.66GHz vendor: Intel Corp. physical id: 4 bus info: cpu@0 version: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 CPU T5 slot: U2E1 size: 1667MHz capacity: 1667MHz width: 64 bits clock: 166MHz capabilities: fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx x86-64 constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm lahf_lm dtherm cpufreq *-cache:0 description: L1 cache physical id: 5 slot: L1 Cache size: 16KiB capacity: 16KiB capabilities: asynchronous internal write-back *-cache:1 description: L2 cache physical id: 6 slot: L2 Cache size: 2MiB capabilities: burst external write-back *-memory description: System Memory physical id: c slot: System board or motherboard size: 2GiB capacity: 3GiB *-bank:0 description: SODIMM DDR2 Synchronous physical id: 0 slot: M1 size: 1GiB width: 64 bits *-bank:1 description: SODIMM DDR2 Synchronous physical id: 1 slot: M2 size: 1GiB width: 64 bits *-pci description: Host bridge product: Mobile 945GM/PM/GMS, 943/940GML and 945GT Express Memory Controller Hub vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 100 bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0 version: 03 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz configuration: driver=agpgart-intel resources: irq:0 *-display:0 description: VGA compatible controller product: Mobile 945GM/GMS, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 2 bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0 version: 03 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=i915 latency=0 resources: irq:16 memory:d0200000-d027ffff ioport:1800(size=8) memory:c0000000-cfffffff memory:d0300000-d033ffff *-display:1 UNCLAIMED description: Display controller product: Mobile 945GM/GMS/GME, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 2.1 bus info: pci@0000:00:02.1 version: 03 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:d0280000-d02fffff *-multimedia description: Audio device product: NM10/ICH7 Family High Definition Audio Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1b bus info: pci@0000:00:1b.0 version: 02 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=0 resources: irq:44 memory:d0340000-d0343fff *-pci:0 description: PCI bridge product: NM10/ICH7 Family PCI Express Port 1 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1c bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.0 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:40 ioport:3000(size=4096) memory:84000000-841fffff ioport:84200000(size=2097152) *-pci:1 description: PCI bridge product: NM10/ICH7 Family PCI Express Port 2 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1c.1 bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.1 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:41 ioport:4000(size=4096) memory:84400000-846fffff ioport:84700000(size=2097152) *-network description: Wireless interface product: PRO/Wireless 3945ABG [Golan] Network Connection vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0 logical name: wlan0 version: 02 serial: 00:13:02:d6:d2:35 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=iwl3945 driverversion=3.13.0-29-generic firmware=15.32.2.9 ip=10.110.20.157 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11abg resources: irq:43 memory:84400000-84400fff *-pci:2 description: PCI bridge product: NM10/ICH7 Family PCI Express Port 3 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1c.2 bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.2 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:42 ioport:5000(size=4096) memory:84900000-84afffff ioport:84b00000(size=2097152) *-usb:0 description: USB controller product: NM10/ICH7 Family USB UHCI Controller #1 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1d bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.0 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: uhci bus_master configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:23 ioport:1820(size=32) *-usb:1 description: USB controller product: NM10/ICH7 Family USB UHCI Controller #2 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1d.1 bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.1 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: uhci bus_master configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:19 ioport:1840(size=32) *-usb:2 description: USB controller product: NM10/ICH7 Family USB UHCI Controller #3 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1d.2 bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.2 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: uhci bus_master configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:18 ioport:1860(size=32) *-usb:3 description: USB controller product: NM10/ICH7 Family USB UHCI Controller #4 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1d.3 bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.3 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: uhci bus_master configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:16 ioport:1880(size=32) *-usb:4 description: USB controller product: NM10/ICH7 Family USB2 EHCI Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1d.7 bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.7 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=ehci-pci latency=0 resources: irq:23 memory:d0544000-d05443ff *-pci:3 description: PCI bridge product: 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1e bus info: pci@0000:00:1e.0 version: e2 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci subtractive_decode bus_master cap_list resources: ioport:2000(size=4096) memory:d0000000-d00fffff ioport:80000000(size=67108864) *-pcmcia description: CardBus bridge product: PCIxx12 Cardbus Controller vendor: Texas Instruments physical id: 4 bus info: pci@0000:0a:04.0 version: 00 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pcmcia bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=yenta_cardbus latency=176 maxlatency=5 mingnt=192 resources: irq:17 memory:d0004000-d0004fff ioport:2400(size=256) ioport:2800(size=256) memory:80000000-83ffffff memory:88000000-8bffffff *-firewire description: FireWire (IEEE 1394) product: PCIxx12 OHCI Compliant IEEE 1394 Host Controller vendor: Texas Instruments physical id: 4.1 bus info: pci@0000:0a:04.1 version: 00 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm ohci bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=firewire_ohci latency=64 maxlatency=4 mingnt=3 resources: irq:17 memory:d0007000-d00077ff memory:d0000000-d0003fff *-storage description: Mass storage controller product: 5-in-1 Multimedia Card Reader (SD/MMC/MS/MS PRO/xD) vendor: Texas Instruments physical id: 4.2 bus info: pci@0000:0a:04.2 version: 00 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: storage pm bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=tifm_7xx1 latency=64 maxlatency=4 mingnt=7 resources: irq:17 memory:d0005000-d0005fff *-generic description: SD Host controller product: PCIxx12 SDA Standard Compliant SD Host Controller vendor: Texas Instruments physical id: 4.3 bus info: pci@0000:0a:04.3 version: 00 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=sdhci-pci latency=64 maxlatency=4 mingnt=7 resources: irq:17 memory:d0007800-d00078ff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: PRO/100 VE Network Connection vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 8 bus info: pci@0000:0a:08.0 logical name: eth0 version: 02 serial: 00:16:36:80:e9:92 size: 10Mbit/s capacity: 100Mbit/s width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=e100 driverversion=3.5.24-k2-NAPI duplex=half latency=64 link=no maxlatency=56 mingnt=8 multicast=yes port=MII speed=10Mbit/s resources: irq:20 memory:d0006000-d0006fff ioport:2000(size=64) *-isa description: ISA bridge product: 82801GBM (ICH7-M) LPC Interface Bridge vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.0 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: isa bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=lpc_ich latency=0 resources: irq:0 *-ide description: IDE interface product: 82801GBM/GHM (ICH7-M Family) SATA Controller [IDE mode] vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f.2 bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.2 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: ide pm bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=ata_piix latency=0 resources: irq:19 ioport:1f0(size=8) ioport:3f6 ioport:170(size=8) ioport:376 ioport:18b0(size=16) *-serial UNCLAIMED description: SMBus product: NM10/ICH7 Family SMBus Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f.3 bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.3 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz configuration: latency=0 resources: ioport:18c0(size=32) *-scsi physical id: 1 logical name: scsi0 capabilities: emulated *-disk description: ATA Disk product: ST9250421AS vendor: Seagate physical id: 0.0.0 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/sda version: SD13 serial: 5TH0B2HB size: 232GiB (250GB) capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos configuration: ansiversion=5 sectorsize=512 signature=000d7fd5 *-volume:0 description: EXT4 volume vendor: Linux physical id: 1 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,1 logical name: /dev/sda1 logical name: / version: 1.0 serial: 13bb4bdd-8cc9-40e2-a490-dbe436c2a02d size: 230GiB capacity: 230GiB capabilities: primary bootable journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover extents ext4 ext2 initialized configuration: created=2014-06-01 17:37:01 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/ modified=2014-06-01 21:15:21 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered mounted=2014-06-01 21:15:21 state=mounted *-volume:1 description: Extended partition physical id: 2 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,2 logical name: /dev/sda2 size: 2037MiB capacity: 2037MiB capabilities: primary extended partitioned partitioned:extended *-logicalvolume description: Linux swap / Solaris partition physical id: 5 logical name: /dev/sda5 capacity: 2037MiB capabilities: nofs *-remoteaccess UNCLAIMED vendor: Intel physical id: 1 capabilities: inbound kyra@kyra-Satellite-P105:~$

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• Kubuntu 12.04 - Touchpad and keyboard stopped working at random

  - by StepTNT

  As in the title, I've got this problem with my Kubuntu 12.04. At first I've thought that the whole system was hung, but it happened again 5 minutes ago and, while the keyboard and the touchpad stopped working, the music was still playing, so I guess that's just an "input" problem, because the system was still working! Any solution? Is there some data that you need to know about my setup? EDIT: Added my lshw outout description: Notebook product: N53SV () vendor: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. version: 1.0 serial: B2N0AS17695408A width: 64 bits capabilities: smbios-2.6 dmi-2.6 vsyscall32 configuration: boot=normal chassis=notebook family=N uuid=8083F2DA-A43E-E081-3F3F-BCAEC55F8AA1 *-core description: Motherboard product: N53SV vendor: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. physical id: 0 version: 1.0 serial: BSN12345678901234567 slot: MIDDLE *-firmware description: BIOS vendor: American Megatrends Inc. physical id: 0 version: N53SV.214 date: 08/10/2011 size: 64KiB capacity: 2496KiB capabilities: pci upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect edd int13floppy1200 int13floppy720 int13floppy2880 int5printscreen int9keyboard int14serial int17printer acpi usb smartbattery biosbootspecification *-cpu description: CPU product: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2630QM CPU @ 2.00GHz vendor: Intel Corp. physical id: 4 bus info: cpu@0 version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2630QM CPU @ 2.00GHz serial: To Be Filled By O.E.M. slot: CPU 1 size: 800MHz capacity: 4GHz width: 64 bits clock: 100MHz capabilities: x86-64 fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic popcnt tsc_deadline_timer xsave avx lahf_lm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid cpufreq configuration: cores=4 enabledcores=1 threads=2 *-cache description: L1 cache physical id: 5 slot: L1-Cache size: 32KiB capacity: 32KiB capabilities: internal write-back instruction *-memory description: System Memory physical id: 40 slot: System board or motherboard size: 10GiB *-bank:0 description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0,8 ns) product: 99U5428-040.A00LF vendor: Kingston physical id: 0 serial: 103C28C3 slot: ChannelA-DIMM0 size: 4GiB width: 64 bits clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns) *-bank:1 description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0,8 ns) product: HMT325S6BFR8C-H9 vendor: Hynix/Hyundai physical id: 1 serial: 58383D1F slot: ChannelA-DIMM1 size: 2GiB width: 64 bits clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns) *-bank:2 description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0,8 ns) product: HMT325S6BFR8C-H9 vendor: Hynix/Hyundai physical id: 2 serial: 58183D19 slot: ChannelB-DIMM0 size: 2GiB width: 64 bits clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns) *-bank:3 description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0,8 ns) product: HMT325S6BFR8C-H9 vendor: Hynix/Hyundai physical id: 3 serial: 58183C8F slot: ChannelB-DIMM1 size: 2GiB width: 64 bits clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns) *-pci description: Host bridge product: 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 100 bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0 version: 09 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz configuration: driver=agpgart-intel resources: irq:0 *-pci:0 description: PCI bridge product: Xeon E3-1200/2nd Generation Core Processor Family PCI Express Root Port vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1 bus info: pci@0000:00:01.0 version: 09 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pm msi pciexpress normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:40 ioport:d000(size=4096) memory:db000000-dc0fffff ioport:c0000000(size=301989888) *-generic UNCLAIMED description: Unassigned class product: Illegal Vendor ID vendor: Illegal Vendor ID physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0 version: ff width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: bus_master vga_palette cap_list configuration: latency=255 maxlatency=255 mingnt=255 resources: memory:db000000-dbffffff memory:c0000000-cfffffff memory:d0000000-d1ffffff ioport:d000(size=128) memory:dc000000-dc07ffff *-display description: VGA compatible controller product: 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 2 bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0 version: 09 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=i915 latency=0 resources: irq:47 memory:dc400000-dc7fffff memory:b0000000-bfffffff ioport:e000(size=64) *-communication description: Communication controller product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 16 bus info: pci@0000:00:16.0 version: 04 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=mei latency=0 resources: irq:48 memory:df00b000-df00b00f *-usb:0 description: USB controller product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1a bus info: pci@0000:00:1a.0 version: 05 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=ehci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:16 memory:df008000-df0083ff *-multimedia description: Audio device product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1b bus info: pci@0000:00:1b.0 version: 05 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=0 resources: irq:49 memory:df000000-df003fff *-pci:1 description: PCI bridge product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1c bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.0 version: b5 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:41 ioport:c000(size=4096) memory:de600000-deffffff ioport:d4200000(size=10485760) *-pci:2 description: PCI bridge product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 2 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1c.1 bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.1 version: b5 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:42 ioport:b000(size=4096) memory:ddc00000-de5fffff ioport:d3700000(size=10485760) *-network description: Wireless interface product: AR9285 Wireless Network Adapter (PCI-Express) vendor: Atheros Communications Inc. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0 logical name: wlan0 version: 01 serial: 48:5d:60:f2:2c:fd width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=ath9k driverversion=3.2.0-24-generic firmware=N/A ip=192.168.1.6 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bgn resources: irq:17 memory:ddc00000-ddc0ffff *-pci:3 description: PCI bridge product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 4 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1c.3 bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.3 version: b5 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:43 ioport:a000(size=4096) memory:dd200000-ddbfffff ioport:d2c00000(size=10485760) *-usb description: USB controller product: FL1000G USB 3.0 Host Controller vendor: Fresco Logic physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:04:00.0 version: 04 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress xhci bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=xhci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:19 memory:dd200000-dd20ffff *-pci:4 description: PCI bridge product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 6 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1c.5 bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.5 version: b5 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:44 ioport:9000(size=4096) memory:dc800000-dd1fffff ioport:d2100000(size=10485760) *-network description: Ethernet interface product: RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:05:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 06 serial: bc:ae:c5:5f:8a:a1 size: 10Mbit/s capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=half firmware=rtl_nic/rtl8168e-2.fw latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=MII speed=10Mbit/s resources: irq:46 ioport:9000(size=256) memory:d2104000-d2104fff memory:d2100000-d2103fff *-usb:1 description: USB controller product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1d bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.0 version: 05 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=ehci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:23 memory:df007000-df0073ff *-isa description: ISA bridge product: HM65 Express Chipset Family LPC Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.0 version: 05 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: isa bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 *-storage description: SATA controller product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family 6 port SATA AHCI Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f.2 bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.2 logical name: scsi0 logical name: scsi2 version: 05 width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: storage msi pm ahci_1.0 bus_master cap_list emulated configuration: driver=ahci latency=0 resources: irq:45 ioport:e0b0(size=8) ioport:e0a0(size=4) ioport:e090(size=8) ioport:e080(size=4) ioport:e060(size=32) memory:df006000-df0067ff *-disk description: ATA Disk product: ST9750420AS vendor: Seagate physical id: 0 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/sda version: 0002 serial: 5WS0A7QR size: 698GiB (750GB) capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos configuration: ansiversion=5 signature=e0c5913d *-volume:0 description: Windows FAT volume vendor: MSDOS5.0 physical id: 1 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,1 logical name: /dev/sda1 version: FAT32 serial: 4ce5-3acb size: 3004MiB capacity: 3004MiB capabilities: primary fat initialized configuration: FATs=2 filesystem=fat *-volume:1 description: EXT4 volume vendor: Linux physical id: 2 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,2 logical name: /dev/sda2 logical name: / version: 1.0 serial: c198cc2a-d86a-4460-a4d5-3fc0b21e439c size: 28GiB capacity: 28GiB capabilities: primary journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover extents ext4 ext2 initialized configuration: created=2012-03-15 16:53:54 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/ modified=2012-05-02 18:52:04 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,user_xattr,acl,barrier=1,data=ordered mounted=2012-05-09 19:06:01 state=mounted *-volume:2 description: Windows NTFS volume physical id: 3 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,3 logical name: /dev/sda3 version: 3.1 serial: 4c1cdebc-ec09-2947-a3b5-c1f9f1cddc1c size: 152GiB capacity: 152GiB capabilities: primary bootable ntfs initialized configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2011-02-22 16:02:47 filesystem=ntfs label=OS state=clean *-volume:3 description: Extended partition physical id: 4 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,4 logical name: /dev/sda4 size: 514GiB capacity: 514GiB capabilities: primary extended partitioned partitioned:extended *-logicalvolume:0 description: Linux swap / Solaris partition physical id: 5 logical name: /dev/sda5 capacity: 10GiB capabilities: nofs *-logicalvolume:1 description: HPFS/NTFS partition physical id: 6 logical name: /dev/sda6 capacity: 504GiB *-cdrom description: DVD-RAM writer product: BD-MLT UJ240AS vendor: MATSHITA physical id: 1 bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/cdrom logical name: /dev/cdrw logical name: /dev/dvd logical name: /dev/dvdrw logical name: /dev/sr0 version: 1.00 capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc *-serial UNCLAIMED description: SMBus product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f.3 bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.3 version: 05 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:df005000-df0050ff ioport:e040(size=32)

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• KVM Slow performance on XP Guest

  - by Gregg Leventhal

  The system is very slow to do anything, even browse a local folder, and CPU sits at 100% frequently. Guest is XP 32 bit. Host is Scientific Linux 6.2, Libvirt 0.10, Guest XP OS shows ACPI Multiprocessor HAL and a virtIO driver for NIC and SCSI. Installed. CPUInfo on host: processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 42 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2600 CPU @ 3.40GHz stepping : 7 cpu MHz : 3200.000 cache size : 8192 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 8 core id : 0 cpu cores : 4 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 13 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx lahf_lm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dts tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid bogomips : 6784.93 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: <memory unit='KiB'>4194304</memory> <currentMemory unit='KiB'>4194304</currentMemory> <vcpu placement='static' cpuset='0'>1</vcpu> <os> <type arch='x86_64' machine='rhel6.3.0'>hvm</type> <boot dev='hd'/> </os> <features> <acpi/> <apic/> <pae/> </features> <cpu mode='custom' match='exact'> <model fallback='allow'>SandyBridge</model> <vendor>Intel</vendor> <feature policy='require' name='vme'/> <feature policy='require' name='tm2'/> <feature policy='require' name='est'/> <feature policy='require' name='vmx'/> <feature policy='require' name='osxsave'/> <feature policy='require' name='smx'/> <feature policy='require' name='ss'/> <feature policy='require' name='ds'/> <feature policy='require' name='tsc-deadline'/> <feature policy='require' name='dtes64'/> <feature policy='require' name='ht'/> <feature policy='require' name='pbe'/> <feature policy='require' name='tm'/> <feature policy='require' name='pdcm'/> <feature policy='require' name='ds_cpl'/> <feature policy='require' name='xtpr'/> <feature policy='require' name='acpi'/> <feature policy='require' name='monitor'/> <feature policy='force' name='sse'/> <feature policy='force' name='sse2'/> <feature policy='force' name='sse4.1'/> <feature policy='force' name='sse4.2'/> <feature policy='force' name='ssse3'/> <feature policy='force' name='x2apic'/> </cpu> <clock offset='localtime'> <timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/> </clock> <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff> <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot> <on_crash>restart</on_crash> <devices> <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2' cache='none'/> <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/Server-10-9-13.qcow2'/> <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> <alias name='virtio-disk0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/> </disk>

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• Running 32 bit assembly code on a 64 bit Linux & 64 bit Processor : Explain the anomaly.

  - by claws

  Hello, I'm in an interesting problem.I forgot I'm using 64bit machine & OS and wrote a 32 bit assembly code. I don't know how to write 64 bit code. This is the x86 32-bit assembly code for Gnu Assembler (AT&T syntax) on Linux. //hello.S #include <asm/unistd.h> #include <syscall.h> #define STDOUT 1 .data hellostr: .ascii "hello wolrd\n"; helloend: .text .globl _start _start: movl $(SYS_write) , %eax //ssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count); movl $(STDOUT) , %ebx movl $hellostr , %ecx movl $(helloend-hellostr) , %edx int $0x80 movl $(SYS_exit), %eax //void _exit(int status); xorl %ebx, %ebx int $0x80 ret Now, This code should run fine on a 32bit processor & 32 bit OS right? As we know 64 bit processors are backward compatible with 32 bit processors. So, that also wouldn't be a problem. The problem arises because of differences in system calls & call mechanism in 64-bit OS & 32-bit OS. I don't know why but they changed the system call numbers between 32-bit linux & 64-bit linux. asm/unistd_32.h defines: #define __NR_write 4 #define __NR_exit 1 asm/unistd_64.h defines: #define __NR_write 1 #define __NR_exit 60 Anyway using Macros instead of direct numbers is paid off. Its ensuring correct system call numbers. when I assemble & link & run the program. $cpp hello.S hello.s //pre-processor $as hello.s -o hello.o //assemble $ld hello.o // linker : converting relocatable to executable Its not printing helloworld. In gdb its showing: Program exited with code 01. I don't know how to debug in gdb. using tutorial I tried to debug it and execute instruction by instruction checking registers at each step. its always showing me "program exited with 01". It would be great if some on could show me how to debug this. (gdb) break _start Note: breakpoint -10 also set at pc 0x4000b0. Breakpoint 8 at 0x4000b0 (gdb) start Function "main" not defined. Make breakpoint pending on future shared library load? (y or [n]) y Temporary breakpoint 9 (main) pending. Starting program: /home/claws/helloworld Program exited with code 01. (gdb) info breakpoints Num Type Disp Enb Address What 8 breakpoint keep y 0x00000000004000b0 <_start> 9 breakpoint del y <PENDING> main I tried running strace. This is its output: execve("./helloworld", ["./helloworld"], [/* 39 vars */]) = 0 write(0, NULL, 12 <unfinished ... exit status 1> Explain the parameters of write(0, NULL, 12) system call in the output of strace? What exactly is happening? I want to know the reason why exactly its exiting with exitstatus=1? Can some one please show me how to debug this program using gdb? Why did they change the system call numbers? Kindly change this program appropriately so that it can run correctly on this machine. EDIT: After reading Paul R's answer. I checked my files claws@claws-desktop:~$ file ./hello.o ./hello.o: ELF 64-bit LSB relocatable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), not stripped claws@claws-desktop:~$ file ./hello ./hello: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, not stripped All of my questions still hold true. What exactly is happening in this case? Can someone please answer my questions and provide an x86-64 version of this code?

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