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• ec2 instance won't boot!

  - by TheToolBox

  So I had a server lose connection while updating to 14.04LTS. Foolishly, it ended up getting rebooted, and now I'm here. I disconnected the volume and mounted it on another system, chrooted it, and updated the kernel. Still no dice. Any idea what the problem could be? Thanks in advance! The instance log is below: ******************* BLKFRONT for device/vbd/2049 ********** backend at /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/3005/2049 Failed to read /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/3005/2049/feature-barrier. Failed to read /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/3005/2049/feature-flush-cache. 16777216 sectors of 512 bytes ************************** [H[J Booting 'Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, memtest86+' root (hd0) Filesystem type is ext2fs, using whole disk kernel /boot/memtest86+.bin ============= Init TPM Front ================ Tpmfront:Error Unable to read device/vtpm/0/backend-id during tpmfront initialization! error = ENOENT Tpmfront:Info Shutting down tpmfront xc: error: panic: xc_dom_core.c:621: xc_dom_find_loader: no loader found: Invalid kernel xc_dom_parse_image returned -1 close(3) Error 9: Unknown boot failure Press any key to continue...

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• How to automatically restart Tomcat7 on system reboots?

  - by coding crow

  I have installed Tomcat 7 on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS which run on an Amzon EC2 instance. Now I wish tomcat should restart automatically on system reboot. I read this blog which suggest adding below script to /etc/init.d/tomcat7 # Tomcat auto-start # # description: Auto-starts tomcat # processname: tomcat # pidfile: /var/run/tomcat.pid case $1 in start) sh /usr/share/tomcat7/bin/startup.sh ;; stop) sh /usr/share/tomcat7/bin/shutdown.sh ;; restart) sh /usr/share/tomcat7/bin/shutdown.sh sh /usr/share/tomcat7/bin/startup.sh ;; esac exit 0 and issue the following commands sudo chmod 755 /etc/init.d/tomcat7 sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/tomcat7 /etc/rc1.d/K99tomcat sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/tomcat7 /etc/rc2.d/S99tomcat sudo /etc/init.d/tomcat7 restart My Questions The tomcat7 already has script in it, where do we have to paste the suggested script? Is the suggested procedure correct?

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• Making HTML5 videos stored on AWS S3 **difficult** to download (because I cant make it impossible)

  - by Jimmery

  I am building a website that hosts video's stored on AWS's S3 service. The videos are played thru a HTML5 player we have built. Ive just been asked to make sure "nobody can steal our video's". Now I know that if you really don't want something stolen, don't put it up on the internet. However I just need to secure these videos as good as possible, the videos need to at the very least resist someone going thru the source code and trying to download them manually. One option available to me is to completely rebuild the video player in flash. This is not ideal, for several reasons, notably because I would also then have to build an App for mobile devices to be able to view this site. So I am looking for other options. I have heard about using a token to make the file available only during certain times. I have heard of using a separate file to serve the videos that sits between the HTML5 page and the video file. I am also having a look at IAM, the Secure AWS Access Control, in the hopes AWS can solve this problem for me. Can anyone here recommend any of these options? Or perhaps suggest other options available to me? Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• When uninstalling all GRUB packages for EC2 AMI build script, how do I bypass prompting?

  - by Skaperen

  When I try to uninstall all GRUB packages from the cloud-image version of Ubuntu I use in AWS EC2, I get an interactive prompt. I need put this all in a script under automation, so prompts need to be avoided. I have searched for means to bypass this, and all of the features like debconf apply to prompts for config settings which can be provided in advance. But the prompt I am getting is not a config prompt. It would be in the class of "are you sure" prompts. I tried --force-all and that did not work. The prompt is referring to the files in /boot/grub so I tried by first doing "rm -fr /boot/grub" (they do all go away) and it still prompts to ask me if I want to delete them even though there is nothing to delete. The wording of the prompt is: Do you want to have all GRUB 2 files removed from /boot/grub? This will make the system unbootable unless another boot loader is installed. Remove GRUB 2 from /boot/grub? <YES> <NO> The command I am doing is: dpkg --purge grub-common grub-gfxpayload-lists grub-legacy-ec2 grub-pc grub-pc-bin grub2-common How can I get past this prompt without trying to encapsulate it in something that tries to answer (which itself has issues when there is no TTY so I want to avoid that) ?

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• Does anyone know of a program like Elastics for Linux?

  - by coteyr

  On mac I would use Elastics (http://tundrabot.com/elastics) To kind of, monitor my EC2 instances. Most important to me was that it worked across several accounts and that it allowed me to connect to a running instance via ssh or RDP. This was the only real feature I care about. I can not always keep the IP address of the server that is running because ec2 is elastic, and it changes frequently. Is there any tool, like Elastics for linux/unity? Again it should support several accounts and be able to give me the IP addresses of the instance I select.

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• HTTP not working EC2 instance with own domain name

  - by bogdanvursu

  I have this problem I've already posted on the Amazon AWS forum. Unfortunately I haven't got a clear answer I and I was hoping you guys could help. Here's the link: http://developer.amazonwebservices.com/connect/thread.jspa?messageID=198238#198207 Basically I don't know why after associating an Elastic IP address and mapping it to one of my domains, FTP an ping work fine, but HTTP does a 302 redirect to the Amazon AWS hostname I had before associating the Elastic IP address. Here's the question from the AWS forum: I have an EC2 instance with HTTP and FTP installed. They both worked. Then I associated an Elastic IP address to that instance. Then I mapped that IP address to a name which is a subdomain of a domain I own. I think it's an A name (I didn't do the mapping personally). Now FTP works and HTTP doesn't. The AWS host name before the Elastic IP association: ec2-184-73-27-8.compute-1.amazonaws.com The AWS IP address and host name after the association: 174.129.7.254 and ec2-174-129-7-254.compute-1.amazonaws.com The domain which is mapped to 174.129.7.254 using an A record is: demo.flashxml.net FTP works means that I can connect to both 174.129.7.254, ec2-174-129-7-254.compute-1.amazonaws.com and demo.flashxml.net. HTTP doesn't work means that a HTTP request to 174.129.7.254, ec2-174-129-7-254.compute-1.amazonaws.com or demo.flashxml.net returns a 302 redirect to ec2-184-73-27-8.compute-1.amazonaws.com Here is my VirtualHost file: <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot /home/ec2-user/public_html/wordpress ServerName demo.flashxml.net ErrorLog logs/ec2-user-error_log <Directory /home/ec2-user/public_html/wordpress> AllowOverride FileInfo Order Deny,Allow Allow from All </Directory> </VirtualHost> I finally figured out what was wrong. It's the fact that I installed Wordpress on the server using the hostname provided by Amazon. After associating the Elastic IP and updating the DNS records, the server was reachable - FTP working was the proof of that. The 302 redirect when accessing via HTTP was caused by Wordpress's hostname settings. So, what I've learned from all this was that I should setup my IP and DNS first and only after that install Wordpress or any other web app(s).

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• GitHub push to AWS Elastic Beanstalk

  - by nute

  I am using GitHub for code management. I am using Amazon AWS Elastic Beanstalk as a server. Amazon announced that you can use Git to push code to the application server. However, to do this I'd have to let go of GitHub as they are essentially replacing the git server. Is there any way to have the best of both worlds? I don't necessarily need to "deploy" everytime I push, but I'd like to have it uploaded as a "Version", and then I can deploy the version I want anytime.

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• How to know the root device size of some public AMI?

  - by red23jordan

  Since I do not want to pay money for my testing, the free limit size is 10G. I can know the root device root for some default AMI such as Amazon Linux AMI 2012.03 The Amazon Linux AMI 2012.03 is an EBS-backed, PV-GRUB image. It includes Linux 3.2, AWS tools, and repository access to multiple versions of MySQL, PostgreSQL, Python, Ruby, and Tomcat. Root Device Size: 8 GB And the last row displayed 8GB. However, if I find AMI in Community Page, it does not show the root device size. Can anyone know how to use the instance such as centOS that is not provided by default but it is under 10GB so that I can still free use?

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• How do I run AWS code on an EC2 instance?

  - by Marianna

  I just started with Amazon web services, and I have an EC2 instance. I downloaded the JAVA SDK and the Eclipse toolbox. I am able to run a sample program locally on my PC and connect to the Amazon databases, etc. My question is, what do I need to do to get this working on my EC2 instance? This may not even be specific to AWS. On Eclipse, I can just "Run as Application" and run any code. On the server side, what do I need to do? Should I ftp over my .java files? Should I export it to a jar and upload that? Do I need to install anything special to actually run it?

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• Linux EC2 Instance Security Consideration

  - by Amzath

  I am going to host a web site in Amazon EC2 instance which would be a Linux instance. My web application will be developed using PHP, Apache and MySql. As I am new to Linux and Amazon EC2 environment, what are key areas in security should I consider to protect my server? This may be very very generic question as the security itself a vast area. But I need to kick start with most imporant points. That way I would be able to track down all those areas one by one.

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• SUDO YUM not found

  - by ThomasReggi

  I am running a Amazon ec2 instance on amazon's linux. Whenever I run anything sudo yum it give me this: sudo: yum: command not found ec2-user$ rpm -qf /usr/bin/yum yum-3.2.29-30.24.amzn1.noarch ec2-user$ which yum /usr/bin/yum which yum while in root gives: root$ which yum /usr/bin/which: no yum in (/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bn:/usr/local/bin:/opt/aws/bin) This is a new ec2 instance two days old. When I first logged in I ran sudo yum update and everything wen't well. What changed?

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• Converting an EC2 AMI to vmdk image

  - by Reed G. Law

  I've come quite close to getting Amazon Linux to boot inside VirtualBox, thanks to this answer and these websites. A quick overview of the steps I've taken: Launch EC2 instance with Amazon Linux 2011.09 64-bit AMI dd the contents of the EBS volume over ssh to a local image file. Mount the image file as a loopback device and then to a local mount point. Create a new empty disk image file, partition with an offset for a bootloader, and create an ext4 filesystem. Mount the new image's partition and copy everything from the EC2 image. Install grub (using Ubuntu's grub-legacy-ec2 package, not grub2). Convert the image file to vmdk using qemu-img. Create a new VirtualBox VM with the vmdk. Now the VM boots, grub loads, and the kernel is found. But it fails when it tries to mount the root device: dracut Warning: No root device "block:/dev/xvda1" found dracut Warning: Boot has failed. To debug this issue add "rdshell" to the kernel command line. dracut Warning: Signal caught! dracut Warning: Boot has failed. To debug this issue add "rdshell" to the kernel command line. Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! Pid: 1, comm: init Not tainted 2.6.35.14-107.1.39.amzn1.x86_64 #1 I have tried changing /boot/grub/menu.lst to find the root device by label and UUID, but nothing works. I'm guessing the xen kernel is not compatible with VirtualBox. The reasoning behind all this effort is to make a Vagrant box that is as close to possible as the production enviroment, so deploys can be tested locally. I know it's cheap to do test runs on EC2, but poor connectivity often ruins the experience. Plus it would be really nice to have a virtual machine with the production environment so that co-workers don't have to install everything under the sun just to get up and running with app development. If I were to try running a different kernel, what kernel could I get to be as close as possible to Amazon Linux 2011.09?

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• Can I rely on S3 to keep my data secure?

  - by Jamie Hale

  I want to back up sensitive personal data to S3 via an rsync-style interface. I'm currently using s3cmd - a great tool - but it doesn't yet support encrypted syncs. This means that while my data is encrypted (via SSL) during transfer, it's stored on their end unencrypted. I want to know if this is a big deal. The S3 FAQ says "Amazon S3 uses proven cryptographic methods to authenticate users... If you would like extra security, there is no restriction on encrypting your data before storing it in Amazon S3." Why would I like extra security? Is there some way my buckets could be opened to prying eyes without my knowing? Or are they just trying to save you when you accidentally change your ACLs and make your buckets world-readable?

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• Do I need a ssl certificate if just pointing my domain to Cloudfront?

  - by hashpipe

  I have a website running on a domain (e.g site.com). I have an additional domain(e.g sitecdn.com) which basically points to Amazon Cloudfront for delivery. Amazon Cloudfront in turn basically fetches the data from the main domain (site.com). I use this setup primarily to have multiple subdomains of my sitecdn.com to point to assets via the cdn. The main website has a ssl certificate, and I intend to put all assets served from the cdn as https links only. Something like <img src="https://img.sitecdn.com/image.jpg" /> I'm a little confused whether I need a ssl for my cdn domain. In cloudfront I can set the setting to allow both https and http traffic. Do I need a ssl certificate for this ? If yes, then where do I install the ssl certificate, since I don't have a server for sitecdn.com.

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• Very High Network out in ec2 instance

  - by Jatin

  I launched an ubuntu-14.04-64bit instance in Amazon EC2 two days back. And I started Tomcat 7.0.54 in that instance and deployed my application war files. It has no other software installed other than tomcat and the default ones. In the past 2 days, its shows 858 GB of Data Transfer(Network Out) from that instance. I have attached a graph of Amazon CloudWatch Metric "Network Out" My application does not do any data download/upload. Its a Java Spring application and the front end is in HTML&Javascript. My application traffic was very low (less than 20 hits) in those 2 days. Is there a way to find out why these data transfers happened and also to find what data has been transferred. If you can see in graph, network out was 20gb per minute. Some more info: Network in was negligible CPU Utilization was very high Everything else was low

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• how do i install intermediate certificate

  - by getmizanur

  I have installed private key (pem encoded) and public key certificate (pem encoded) on amazon load balancer however when i check the ssl with site test tool (http://www.networking4all.com/en/support/tools/site+check/), i get the following error Error while checking the SSL Certificate!! Unable to get the local issuer of the certificate. The issuer of a locally looked up certificate could not be found. Normally this indicates that not all intermediate certificates are installed on the server. i converted crt file to pem using these command from this tutorial openssl x509 -in input.crt -out input.der -outform DER openssl x509 -in input.der -inform DER -out output.pem -outform PEM during setting up of amazon load balancer only option i left out was certificate chain (pem encoded) however this was optional. could this be cause of my issue? and if so i how do i create certificate chain? for the last question i have tried googling however i'm getting more confused than before. please help many thanks in advance. UPDATE @all thanks for the helpful advice. if you make request to verisign they will give you a certificate chain however this chain includes public crt, intermediate crt and root crt. make sure to remove the public crt from your certificate chain (which is the top most certificate) before adding it to your certification chain box of your amazon load balancer. if you are making https request from an android app then above instruction may not work for older android os such as 2.1 and 2.2. to make it work on older android os [https://knowledge.verisign.com/support/ssl-certificates-support/index?page=content&id=AR657&actp=LIST&viewlocale=en_US]. on this link click on "retail ssl" tab and then click on "secure site" "CA Bundle for Apache Server". copy and past these intermediate certs into certificate chain box. just incase if you have not found it here is the direct link [https://knowledge.verisign.com/support/ssl-certificates-support/index?page=content&id=AR1409] if you are using geo trust certificates then solution is much the same for android devices however you need to copy and past their intermediate certs for android. PS: sorry for the long urls however "new users can only post a maximum of two hyperlinks"

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• Backup software for Ubuntu - which one?

  - by Industrial

  Hi everybody, I have spent some time testing out different backup solutions for my small home office during the last weeks, but still haven't found anything that have been working out too well yet. We can definitely work with a non-GUI script if that's what it takes, if only the requirements are fulfilled: Upload to Amazon S3 Europe. We get unbelievable slow uploading speed to US, so uploading 400+ GB of data will not be happening anytime this year... Incremental backups - only changed files shall be uploaded or we will have a big bill from Amazon in the end of each month.. Files should not be uploaded in one big per-folder archive. This is not efficient at all, since if we change one file in a subfolder, a huge two-digit GB sized file would have to be uploaded during next backup. Not good for economy again, or traffic overhead on our internet connection. What options are available to us? Thanks!

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• EC2 Image to start

  - by HD.

  I'm starting to test EC2 for a couple of new projects. I need to choose an AMI (Amazon Machine Image) and Amazon offered me as first option Fedora Core 8, which is a very old version of one of my favorites distributions. There is a lot of choices, but it's not clear for me which one is the better option. I have my own reasons in order to choice a distro and a version when I need to install a new server but I don't know If I can apply the same for EC2. I know there is a beta for RHEL, how stable is this beta?, How can I choose between all the CentOS AMIs in the list? So this is my question: Do you recommend an AMI to start with EC2? Thanks

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• Sync local files to S3 similar to Robocopy

  - by Yuck

  I am looking for a way to synchronize an entire local folder structure to Amazon S3, similar to how one might synchronize two folders using Robocopy. Whatever solution I come up with needs to be scheduled to run periodically from the Windows Task Scheduler. So anything that requires a GUI to perform the synchronization is not a viable solution. Standalone Windows .EXE command line utility for Amazon S3 & EC2 looked promising, but seems to have been abandoned and would not work when I tried to use it. Possibly a difference in the way that security is handled now compared to that software's most recent release.

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• Online file storage similar to Amazon S3

  - by Joel G

  I am looking to code a file storage application in perl similar to amazon s3. I already have a amazon s3 clone that I found online called parkplace but its in ruby and is old also isn't built for high loads. I am not really sure what modules and programs I should use so id like some help picking them out. My requirements are listed below (yes I know there are lots but I could start simple then add more once I get it going): Easy API implementation for client side apps. (maybe RESTful but extras like mkdir and cp (?) Centralized database server for the USERDB (maybe PostgreSQL (?). Logging of all connections, bandwidth used, well pretty much everything to a centralized server (maybe PostgreSQL again (?). Easy server side configuration (config file(s) stored on the servers). Web based control panel for admin(s) and user(s) to show logs. (could work just running queries from the databases) Fast High Uptime Low memory usage Some sort of load distribution/load balancer (maybe a dns based or pound or perlbal or something else (?). Maybe a cache of some sort (memcached or parlbal or something else (?). Thanks in advance

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• How does Amazon's Statistically Improbable Phrases work?

  - by ??iu

  How does something like Statistically Improbable Phrases work? According to amazon: Amazon.com's Statistically Improbable Phrases, or "SIPs", are the most distinctive phrases in the text of books in the Search Inside!™ program. To identify SIPs, our computers scan the text of all books in the Search Inside! program. If they find a phrase that occurs a large number of times in a particular book relative to all Search Inside! books, that phrase is a SIP in that book. SIPs are not necessarily improbable within a particular book, but they are improbable relative to all books in Search Inside!. For example, most SIPs for a book on taxes are tax related. But because we display SIPs in order of their improbability score, the first SIPs will be on tax topics that this book mentions more often than other tax books. For works of fiction, SIPs tend to be distinctive word combinations that often hint at important plot elements. For instance, for Joel's first book, the SIPs are: leaky abstractions, antialiased text, own dog food, bug count, daily builds, bug database, software schedules One interesting complication is that these are phrases of either 2 or 3 words. This makes things a little more interesting because these phrases can overlap with or contain each other.

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• Amazone API ItemSearch returns (400) Bad Request.

  - by BuzzBubba

  I'm using a simple example from Amazon documentation for ItemSearch and I get a strange error: "The remote server returned an unexpected response: (400) Bad Request." This is the code: public static void Main() { //Remember to create an instance of the amazon service, including you Access ID. AWSECommerceServicePortTypeClient service = new AWSECommerceServicePortTypeClient(new BasicHttpBinding(), new EndpointAddress( "http://webservices.amazon.com/onca/soap?Service=AWSECommerceService")); AWSECommerceServicePortTypeClient client = new AWSECommerceServicePortTypeClient( new BasicHttpBinding(), new EndpointAddress("http://webservices.amazon.com/onca/soap?Service=AWSECommerceService")); // prepare an ItemSearch request ItemSearchRequest request = new ItemSearchRequest(); request.SearchIndex = "Books"; request.Title = "Harry+Potter"; request.ResponseGroup = new string[] { "Small" }; ItemSearch itemSearch = new ItemSearch(); itemSearch.Request = new ItemSearchRequest[] { request }; itemSearch.AWSAccessKeyId = accessKeyId; // issue the ItemSearch request try { ItemSearchResponse response = client.ItemSearch(itemSearch); // write out the results foreach (var item in response.Items[0].Item) { Console.WriteLine(item.ItemAttributes.Title); } } catch(Exception e) { Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Red; Console.WriteLine(e.Message); Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.White; Console.WriteLine("Press any key to quit..."); Clipboard.SetText(e.Message); } Console.ReadKey(); What is wrong?

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• Scalability 101: How can I design a scalable web application using PHP?

  - by Legend

  I am building a web-application and have a couple of quick questions. From what I learnt, one should not worry about scalability when initially building the app and should only start worrying when the traffic increases. However, this being my first web-application, I am not quite sure if I should take an approach where I design things in an ad-hoc manner and later "fix" them. I have been reading stories about how people start off with an app that gets millions of users in a week or two. Not that I will face the same situation but I can't help but wonder, how do these people do it? Currently, I bought a shared hosting account on Lunarpages and that got me started in building and testing the application. However, I am interested in learning how to build the same application in a scalable-manner using the cloud, for instance, Amazon's EC2. From my understanding, I can see a couple of components: There is a load balancer that first receives requests and then decides where to route each request This request is then handled by a server replica that then processes the request and updates (if required) the database and sends back the response to the client If a similar request comes in, then a caching mechanism like memcached kicks into picture and returns objects from the cache A blackbox that handles database replication Specifically, I am trying to do the following: Setting up a load balancer (my homework revealed that HAProxy is one such load balancer) Setting up replication so that databases can be synchronized Using memcached Configuring Apache to work with multiple web servers Partitioning application to use Amazon EC2 and Amazon S3 (my application is something that will need great deal of storage) Finally, how can I avoid burning myself when using Amazon services? Because this is just a learning phase, I can probably do with 2-3 servers with a simple load balancer and replication but until I want to avoid paying loads of money accidentally. I am able to find resources on individual topics but am unable to find something that starts off from the big picture. Can someone please help me get started?

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• "Ubuntu : un logiciel espion" pour Richard Stallman, qui s'insurge contre l'intégration de la recherche Amazon dans l'OS

  « Ubuntu : un logiciel espion » pour Richard Stallman le père de GNU estime que l'intégration de la recherche Amazon dans l'OS est préjudiciable au libre La version la plus récente d'Ubuntu (12.10 Quetzal Quantal) intègre une fonctionnalité polémique permettant d'afficher des suggestions de produits à acheter sur Amazon aux utilisateurs. Concrètement, lorsque l'utilisateur lance une recherche d'un fichier, une application, etc. (en local ou sur le Web) à partir de son bureau, des liens de suggestions Amazon vers des sujets rattachés aux mots-clés saisis apparaissent avec les résultats. Bien que cette fonctionnalité soit un moyen pour Canonical de financer le projet, elle e...

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• (Amazon AWS) EBS mount error: Stale NFS file handle

  - by May

  I have an EC2 instance that just went offline (cannot even be pinged) but is still reflected as operational. In an effort to retrieve data stored on an attached EBS, I did a forced detach of the mounted volume, launched a new instance, and tried attaching the EBS volume. However, I keep getting an error - mount: Stale NFS file handle whenever I do so. Did I just lose all my files?

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