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  • Varnish POST problem "9 FetchError c backend write error: 11" for application/x-www-form-urlencoded content

    - by ompap
    Cutting a longish story short, we have managed to get a more precise error out of Varnishlog. Varnishlog tells us that we are sending a 31 TxRequest - POST 31 TxHeader - Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded but we are getting 9 FetchError c backend write error: 11 31 BackendClose - [backend name] 9 VCL_call c error 9 VCL_return c deliver 9 Length c 488 9 VCL_call c deliver 9 VCL_return c deliver 9 TxProtocol c HTTP/1.1 9 TxStatus c 503 We still do not know what this is exactly, but apparently Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded is not getting through as it should. Help still needed, please! Original message below. The title was "Varnish not letting Joomla users to log in - 503 guru meditation error", but I changed it to get more attention to the problem and not to the symptoms. Hello, We have a production site for a local newspaper which is currently behind an Apache reverse proxy, basicly the site on one server and the other being reserved as a reverse proxy only (well, there is more but that has no relevance here). Apache as a reverse proxy works, but could be faster. We want to change the reverse proxy to use Varnish instead of Apache on an Ubuntu 10.4 Server. The Varnish is version 2.10 installed directly from Ubuntu repos. Ubuntu 10.4 uses PHP 5.3.2. For anonymous surfers the site works wonderfully with Varnish. So far we can get very good speed out of Varnish, we just have a few problems with logging in or out. The big one is, that the users cannot log in: they get a Varnish 503 error page every time. The logs do not reveal the cause. It feels as if the request would never leave Varnish. So we are merely guessing - not a strong starting point. We have gone through what has been suggested on various plces on the web. We have increased the timeouts to backend xxx { .host = "xxx.xx"; .port = "http"; .connect_timeout = 60s; .first_byte_timeout = 60s; .between_bytes_timeout = 60s; } but we seem to get the 503 guru error page much faster than that, as in approx. 5 seconds. We have increased the Varnish headers size to 128 in daemon. In vcl_recv we have if (req.http.Authenticate || req.http.Authorization) { return(pass); } and in vcl_fetch ## auhtentication handling if (req.http.Authenticate || req.http.Authorization) { return(pass); } We do not strip cookies. We have tried to make sure that error pages are not cached. As said above, we cannot see anything in the backend Apache logs, apparently it never gets asked for Joomla user authentication. Varnish does not seem to get much mentioning with connection to Joomla. (We cannot dump Joomla, that selection has been done and we just have to live with what we have been given) Has anyone a working Varnish - Joomla combination? Thanks for reading. Please help. We need some hints - desperately. Any suggestions? ompap

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  • Replicate between mysql 5.0.xx community and enterprise edition over ssh

    - by Arlukin
    I'm trying to setup a mysql replication over an SSH tunnel. The odd thing about this setup is that I have one master with mysql 5.0.60sp1-enterprise-gpl-log and one slave with mysql 5.0.67-community-log. Could it be so that it's not possible to replicate between community and enterprise edition? As you can see in my log below, it's possible to login on the remote server with the mysql client. But the replication get "Can't connect to MySQL server on '127.0.0.1' (13)" Is it any log file I have forgotten to look in, to get more info? [root@mysql1-av ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 73 Server version: 5.0.67-community-log MySQL Community Edition (GPL) Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. The version of the slave mysql [root@mysql1-av ~]# autossh -f -M 20001 -L 3307:10.200.200.200:3306 [email protected] -N [root@mysql1-av ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 --port 3307 -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 5189 Server version: 5.0.60sp1-enterprise-gpl-log MySQL Enterprise Server (GPL) Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. mysql> Aborted Login to the master mysql with the mysql client over the ssh tunnel. [root@mysql1-av ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 75 Server version: 5.0.67-community-log MySQL Community Edition (GPL) Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. mysql> change master to master_host='127.0.0.1', MASTER_PORT=3307, master_user='xxxx', master_password='xxxx', master_log_file='bin.000001'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show slave status \G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Connecting to master Master_Host: 127.0.0.1 Master_User: replNSG Master_Port: 3307 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 4 Relay_Log_File: relay.000001 Relay_Log_Pos: 98 Relay_Master_Log_File: bin.000001 Slave_IO_Running: No Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 4 Relay_Log_Space: 98 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL 1 row in set (0.00 sec) Start the replication, but it breaks on IO. [root@mysql1-av ~]# tail /var/log/mysqld.log 120921 22:17:59 [Note] Slave I/O thread killed while connecting to master 120921 22:17:59 [Note] Slave I/O thread exiting, read up to log 'bin.000001', position 4 120921 22:17:59 [Note] Error reading relay log event: slave SQL thread was killed 120921 22:29:36 [Note] Slave SQL thread initialized, starting replication in log 'bin.000001' at position 4, relay log '/var/lib/mysql/relay.000001' position: 4 120921 22:29:36 [ERROR] Slave I/O thread: error connecting to master '[email protected]:3307': Error: 'Can't connect to MySQL server on '127.0.0.1' (13)' errno: 2003 retry-time: 60 retries: 86400 Because it can't connect to the master server.

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  • Munin not creating HTML files in Ubuntu Server 14.04

    - by lepe
    I have used munin in several servers and this is the first time is taking me so much time to set it up. When I telnet munin directly, I can list the services, there is no error at the logs and munin its being updated every 5 minutes. However no html files are created. I'm using the default location (/var/cache/munin/www) and I can confirm the permissions of that directory are set to munin.munin (IP and domain has been changed) munin.conf: dbdir /var/lib/munin htmldir /var/cache/munin/www logdir /var/log/munin rundir /var/run/munin [example.com;] address 100.100.50.200 munin-node.conf: log_level 4 log_file /var/log/munin/munin-node.log pid_file /var/run/munin/munin-node.pid background 1 setsid 1 user root group root host_name example.com allow ^127\.0\.0\.1$ allow ^100\.100\.50\.200$ allow ^::1$ /etc/hosts : 100.100.50.200 example.com 127.0.0.1 localhost $ telnet example.com 4949 Trying 100.100.50.200... Connected to example.com. Escape character is '^]'. # munin node at example.com list apache_accesses apache_processes apache_volume cpu cpuspeed df df_inode entropy fail2ban forks fw_packets if_err_eth0 if_err_eth1 if_eth0 if_eth1 interrupts ipmi_fans ipmi_power ipmi_temp irqstats load memory munin_stats mysql_bin_relay_log mysql_commands mysql_connections mysql_files_tables mysql_innodb_bpool mysql_innodb_bpool_act mysql_innodb_insert_buf mysql_innodb_io mysql_innodb_io_pend mysql_innodb_log mysql_innodb_rows mysql_innodb_semaphores mysql_innodb_tnx mysql_myisam_indexes mysql_network_traffic mysql_qcache mysql_qcache_mem mysql_replication mysql_select_types mysql_slow mysql_sorts mysql_table_locks mysql_tmp_tables ntp_2001:e40:100:208::123 ntp_91.189.94.4 ntp_kernel_err ntp_kernel_pll_freq ntp_kernel_pll_off ntp_offset ntp_states open_files open_inodes postfix_mailqueue postfix_mailvolume proc_pri processes swap threads uptime users vmstat fetch df _dev_sda3.value 2.1762874086869 _sys_fs_cgroup.value 0 _run.value 0.0503536980635825 _run_lock.value 0 _run_shm.value 0 _run_user.value 0 _dev_sda5.value 0.0176986285727571 _dev_sda8.value 1.08464646179852 _dev_sda7.value 0.0346633563514803 _dev_sda9.value 6.81031810822797 _dev_sda6.value 9.0932802215469 . /var/log/munin/munin-node.log Process Backgrounded 2014/08/16-14:13:36 Munin::Node::Server (type Net::Server::Fork) starting! pid(19610) Binding to TCP port 4949 on host 100.100.50.200 with IPv4 2014/08/16-14:23:11 CONNECT TCP Peer: "[100.100.50.200]:55949" Local: "[100.100.50.200]:4949" 2014/08/16-14:36:16 CONNECT TCP Peer: "[100.100.50.200]:56209" Local: "[100.100.50.200]:4949" /var/log/munin/munin-update.log ... 2014/08/16 14:30:01 [INFO]: Starting munin-update 2014/08/16 14:30:01 [INFO]: Munin-update finished (0.00 sec) 2014/08/16 14:35:02 [INFO]: Starting munin-update 2014/08/16 14:35:02 [INFO]: Munin-update finished (0.00 sec) 2014/08/16 14:40:01 [INFO]: Starting munin-update 2014/08/16 14:40:01 [INFO]: Munin-update finished (0.00 sec) $ ls -la /var/cache/munin/www/ drwxr-xr-x 3 munin munin 19 Aug 16 13:55 . drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 16 Aug 16 13:54 .. drwxr-xr-x 2 munin munin 4096 Aug 16 13:55 static Any ideas on why it is not working? EDIT This is how /var/log/munin/ log looks like after some days: -rw-r----- 1 www-data 0 Aug 16 13:54 munin-cgi-graph.log -rw-r----- 1 www-data 0 Aug 16 13:54 munin-cgi-html.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 munin 0 Aug 16 13:55 munin-html.log -rw-r----- 1 munin 0 Aug 19 06:18 munin-limits.log -rw-r----- 1 munin 15K Aug 18 14:10 munin-limits.log.1 -rw-r----- 1 munin 1.8K Aug 18 06:15 munin-limits.log.2.gz -rw-rw-r-- 1 munin 1.3K Aug 17 06:15 munin-limits.log.3.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root 6.5K Aug 16 13:55 munin-node-configure.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root 0 Aug 17 06:18 munin-node.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root 420 Aug 16 14:52 munin-node.log.1.gz -rw-r----- 1 munin 0 Aug 19 06:18 munin-update.log -rw-r----- 1 munin 11K Aug 18 14:10 munin-update.log.1 -rw-r----- 1 munin 1.6K Aug 18 06:15 munin-update.log.2.gz -rw-rw-r-- 1 munin 1.5K Aug 17 06:15 munin-update.log.3.gz

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  • Apache mod_jk Setting for Tomcat - workers.properties

    - by sissonb
    I am trying to direct files with .jsp extensions to tomcat. Otherwise I want apache to serve the file directly (no tomcat). Currently I have a test.jsp which is supposed to create an HTML page with the current date in the body. Instead when I go to that .jsp I see the JK Status Manager. The mod_jk.logs only show, init_jk::mod_jk.c (3365): mod_jk/1.2.35 initialized. I have tomcat and apache setup on my server. Apache runs on 80 and tomcat runs on 8080. localhost:8080 show the tomcat welcome page. I downloaded tomcat-connectors-1.2.35-windows-i386-httpd-2.2.x and copied the mod_jk.so to C:\apache\modules. Then I added LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so to my httpd.conf. I restart apache and the module loads just fine. Next I downloaded the mod_jk source to get the workers.properties file. I copy workers.properties to C:\apache\confg. Then I added this user, workers.tomcat_home="C:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Tomcat 7.0" workers.java_home="C:/Program Files/Java/jdk1.7.0_03" worker.list=ajp13 worker.ajp13.port=8080 worker.ajp13.host=localhost worker.ajp13.type=ajp13 worker.ajp13.socket_timeout=10 When I try to use the ajp13 user in my httpd.conf I get the following error in my mod_jk.log, [Wed Mar 28 13:08:51 2012] [2196:4100] [info] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1258): (ajp13) can't receive the response header message from tomcat, network problems or tomcat (127.0.0.1:8080) is down (errno=60) [Wed Mar 28 13:08:51 2012] [2196:4100] [error] ajp_get_reply::jk_ajp_common.c (2117): (ajp13) Tomcat is down or refused connection. No response has been sent to the client (yet) [Wed Mar 28 13:08:51 2012] [2196:4100] [info] ajp_service::jk_ajp_common.c (2614): (ajp13) sending request to tomcat failed (recoverable), (attempt=1) Next I update my httpd.conf with, JkWorkersFile C:/apache/conf/workers.properties JkLogFile C:/apache/logs/mod_jk.log JkLogLevel info JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y] " Also I added JkMount /*.jsp jk-status to my virtual host like this, <VirtualHost 192.168.5.250:80> JkMount /*.jsp jk-status #JkMount /*.jsp ajp13 ServerName bgsisson.com ServerAlias www.bgsisson.com DocumentRoot C:/www/resume </VirtualHost> I think i need to include a uriworkermap.properties file, but this is where I am getting stuck. I have put up a test .jsp at bgsisson.com/test.jsp It shows the JK Status Manager when I use JkMount /*.jsp jk-status and 502 Bad Gateway when I use JkMount /*.jsp ajp13 test.jsp <%-- use the 'taglib' directive to make the JSTL 1.0 core tags available; use the uri "http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" for JSTL 1.1 --%> <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jstl/core" prefix="c" %> <%-- use the 'jsp:useBean' standard action to create the Date object; the object is set as an attribute in page scope --%> <jsp:useBean id="date" class="java.util.Date" /> <html> <head><title>First JSP</title></head> <body> <h2>Here is today's date</h2> <c:out value="${date}" /> </body> </html>

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  • Tomcat dying silently on regular basis

    - by Hendrik
    My tomcat (6.0.32, Java Sun 1.6.0_22-b04 on Ubuntu 10.04) keeps crashing multiple times daily without any specific output in catalina.out. This usually happens on high load (see top output). Update: The pid-file is properly removed when this happens. Update 2: No CATALINA_OPTS set, _JAVA_OPTS are: export _JAVA_OPTIONS="-Xms128m -Xmx1024m -XX:MaxPermSize=512m \ -XX:MinHeapFreeRatio=20 \ -XX:MaxHeapFreeRatio=40 \ -XX:NewSize=10m \ -XX:MaxNewSize=10m \ -XX:SurvivorRatio=6 \ -XX:TargetSurvivorRatio=80 \ -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled \ -Djava.awt.headless=true \ -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote \ -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=37331 \ -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false \ -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=true \ -Djava.rmi.server.hostname=(myhostname) \ -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.password.file=/etc/java-6-sun/management/jmxremote.password \ -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=/etc/java-6-sun/management/jmxremote.access" Top: top - 12:40:03 up 9 days, 12:15, 3 users, load average: 30.00, 22.39, 21.91 Tasks: 89 total, 4 running, 85 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 53.2%us, 9.7%sy, 0.0%ni, 34.7%id, 1.5%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.8%si, 0.0%st Mem: 4194304k total, 3311304k used, 883000k free, 0k buffers Swap: 4194304k total, 0k used, 4194304k free, 0k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 25850 tomcat6 20 0 1981m 1.2g 11m S 161 29.6 11:41.56 java 12632 mysql 20 0 393m 97m 4452 S 141 2.4 1690:05 mysqld 14932 nobody 20 0 253m 44m 9152 R 56 1.1 3:26.57 php-cgi 7011 nobody 20 0 241m 31m 9124 S 30 0.8 1:35.96 php-cgi 10093 nobody 20 0 228m 18m 8520 S 25 0.5 2:29.97 php-cgi 27071 nobody 20 0 237m 28m 8640 S 11 0.7 3:13.72 php-cgi 3306 nobody 20 0 227m 16m 6736 R 7 0.4 2:29.83 php-cgi 7756 nobody 20 0 261m 58m 15m R 5 1.4 2:22.33 php-cgi 7129 www-data 20 0 3646m 7228 1896 S 2 0.2 0:36.65 nginx 2657 nobody 20 0 228m 18m 8540 S 1 0.5 1:59.51 php-cgi 7131 www-data 20 0 3645m 6464 1960 S 1 0.2 0:34.13 nginx 7140 www-data 20 0 3652m 12m 1896 S 1 0.3 0:35.80 nginx 619 nobody 20 0 231m 29m 15m S 0 0.7 2:33.46 php-cgi 16552 nobody 20 0 250m 41m 8784 S 0 1.0 2:48.12 php-cgi 17134 nobody 20 0 239m 37m 16m S 0 0.9 2:32.86 php-cgi 21004 nobody 20 0 243m 34m 8700 S 0 0.8 1:19.85 php-cgi 26105 root 20 0 19220 1392 1060 R 0 0.0 0:00.82 top 32430 nobody 20 0 256m 47m 9196 S 0 1.2 2:19.01 php-cgi 314 nobody 20 0 256m 47m 8804 S 0 1.1 1:46.00 php-cgi 2111 nobody 20 0 253m 44m 9196 S 0 1.1 3:01.14 php-cgi 2142 root 20 0 26452 2564 868 S 0 0.1 0:00.56 screen 2144 root 20 0 19484 2012 1368 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 bash 2333 nobody 20 0 249m 41m 9160 S 0 1.0 1:10.33 php-cgi 2552 root 20 0 19484 2260 1620 S 0 0.1 0:00.01 bash 2587 nobody 20 0 258m 49m 9192 S 0 1.2 2:04.50 php-cgi 2684 root 20 0 4092 652 540 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 xvfb-run 2696 root 20 0 60720 13m 2352 S 0 0.3 0:09.12 Xvfb 2759 root 20 0 617m 12m 4676 S 0 0.3 0:00.66 node 3514 nobody 20 0 270m 61m 9216 S 0 1.5 3:13.69 php-cgi 5270 root 20 0 25164 1324 1036 S 0 0.0 0:00.01 screen 5402 nobody 20 0 227m 16m 8032 S 0 0.4 1:33.61 php-cgi 5765 root 20 0 81180 3820 3028 S 0 0.1 0:00.31 sshd 5798 nobody 20 0 242m 32m 9124 S 0 0.8 1:52.08 php-cgi 5856 root 20 0 19496 2292 1636 S 0 0.1 0:00.03 bash 6442 root 20 0 62332 20m 1960 S 0 0.5 0:30.58 mrtg 7082 root 20 0 88992 1916 1636 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 PassengerWatchd I can't find any concrete reason for it, no Exceptions or messages of a shutdown in catalina.out (and no other logs in tomcat's log dir). I can start up the service and it will run for a few days or just minutes before dying again. Is there somewhere else i could look for output? Could the kernel start killing threads due to a lack of ressources and by that bring the VM down?

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  • NFS Mounts Issues

    - by user554005
    Having some issue with a NFS Setup on the clients it just times out refuses to connect [root@host9 ~]# mount 192.168.0.17:/home/export /mnt/export mount: mount to NFS server '192.168.0.17' failed: timed out (retrying). mount: mount to NFS server '192.168.0.17' failed: timed out (retrying). mount: mount to NFS server '192.168.0.17' failed: timed out (retrying). mount: mount to NFS server '192.168.0.17' failed: timed out (retrying). Here are the settings I'm using: [root@host17 /home/export]# cat /etc/hosts.allow # # hosts.allow This file contains access rules which are used to # allow or deny connections to network services that # either use the tcp_wrappers library or that have been # started through a tcp_wrappers-enabled xinetd. # # See 'man 5 hosts_options' and 'man 5 hosts_access' # for information on rule syntax. # See 'man tcpd' for information on tcp_wrappers # portmap: 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0 lockd: 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0 rquotad: 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0 mountd: 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0 statd: 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0 [root@host17 /home/export]# cat /etc/hosts.deny # # hosts.deny This file contains access rules which are used to # deny connections to network services that either use # the tcp_wrappers library or that have been # started through a tcp_wrappers-enabled xinetd. # # The rules in this file can also be set up in # /etc/hosts.allow with a 'deny' option instead. # # See 'man 5 hosts_options' and 'man 5 hosts_access' # for information on rule syntax. # See 'man tcpd' for information on tcp_wrappers # portmap:ALL lockd:ALL mountd:ALL rquotad:ALL statd:ALL [root@host17 /home/export]# cat /etc/exports /home/export 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0(rw) [root@host17 /home/export]# iptables -L Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- anywhere anywhere Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- anywhere anywhere Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain RH-Firewall-1-INPUT (2 references) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere ACCEPT icmp -- anywhere anywhere icmp any ACCEPT esp -- anywhere anywhere ACCEPT ah -- anywhere anywhere ACCEPT udp -- anywhere 224.0.0.251 udp dpt:mdns ACCEPT udp -- anywhere anywhere udp dpt:ipp ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:ipp ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:ssh ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:http ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:https ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:6379 ACCEPT udp -- 192.168.0.0/24 anywhere state NEW udp dpt:sunrpc ACCEPT tcp -- 192.168.0.0/24 anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:sunrpc ACCEPT tcp -- 192.168.0.0/24 anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:nfs ACCEPT tcp -- 192.168.0.0/24 anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:32803 ACCEPT udp -- 192.168.0.0/24 anywhere state NEW udp dpt:filenet-rpc ACCEPT tcp -- 192.168.0.0/24 anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:892 ACCEPT udp -- 192.168.0.0/24 anywhere state NEW udp dpt:892 ACCEPT tcp -- 192.168.0.0/24 anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:rquotad ACCEPT udp -- 192.168.0.0/24 anywhere state NEW udp dpt:rquotad ACCEPT tcp -- 192.168.0.0/24 anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:pftp ACCEPT udp -- 192.168.0.0/24 anywhere state NEW udp dpt:pftp REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-host-prohibited on the clients here is some rpcinfos [root@host9 ~]# rpcinfo -p 192.168.0.17 program vers proto port 100000 4 tcp 111 portmapper 100000 3 tcp 111 portmapper 100000 2 tcp 111 portmapper 100000 4 udp 111 portmapper 100000 3 udp 111 portmapper 100000 2 udp 111 portmapper 100011 1 udp 875 rquotad 100011 2 udp 875 rquotad 100011 1 tcp 875 rquotad 100011 2 tcp 875 rquotad 100005 1 udp 45857 mountd 100005 1 tcp 55772 mountd 100005 2 udp 34021 mountd 100005 2 tcp 59542 mountd 100005 3 udp 60930 mountd 100005 3 tcp 53086 mountd 100003 2 udp 2049 nfs 100003 3 udp 2049 nfs 100003 4 udp 2049 nfs 100227 2 udp 2049 nfs_acl 100227 3 udp 2049 nfs_acl 100003 2 tcp 2049 nfs 100003 3 tcp 2049 nfs 100003 4 tcp 2049 nfs 100227 2 tcp 2049 nfs_acl 100227 3 tcp 2049 nfs_acl 100021 1 udp 59832 nlockmgr 100021 3 udp 59832 nlockmgr 100021 4 udp 59832 nlockmgr 100021 1 tcp 36140 nlockmgr 100021 3 tcp 36140 nlockmgr 100021 4 tcp 36140 nlockmgr 100024 1 udp 46494 status 100024 1 tcp 49672 status [root@host9 ~]# [root@host9 ~]# rpcinfo -u 192.168.0.17 nfs rpcinfo: RPC: Timed out program 100003 version 0 is not available [root@host9 ~]# rpcinfo -u 192.168.0.17 portmap program 100000 version 2 ready and waiting program 100000 version 3 ready and waiting program 100000 version 4 ready and waiting [root@host9 ~]# rpcinfo -u 192.168.0.17 mount rpcinfo: RPC: Timed out program 100005 version 0 is not available [root@host9 ~]# I'm running CentOS 5.8 on all systems

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  • Improving TCP performance over a gigabit network with lots of connections and high traffic of small packets

    - by MinimeDJ
    I’m trying to improve my TCP throughput over a “gigabit network with lots of connections and high traffic of small packets”. My server OS is Ubuntu 11.10 Server 64bit. There are about 50.000 (and growing) clients connected to my server through TCP Sockets (all on the same port). 95% of of my packets have size of 1-150 bytes (TCP header and payload). The rest 5% vary from 150 up to 4096+ bytes. With the config below my server can handle traffic up to 30 Mbps (full duplex). Can you please advice best practice to tune OS for my needs? My /etc/sysctl.cong looks like this: kernel.pid_max = 1000000 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 2500 65000 fs.file-max = 1000000 # net.core.netdev_max_backlog=3000 net.ipv4.tcp_sack=0 # net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 net.core.somaxconn = 2048 # net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216 # net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 50576 64768 98152 # net.core.wmem_default = 65536 net.core.rmem_default = 65536 net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling=1 # net.ipv4.tcp_mem= 98304 131072 196608 # net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_rfc1337 = 1 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=cubic net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 0 # net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 25 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 8192 Here are my limits: $ ulimit -a core file size (blocks, -c) 0 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited scheduling priority (-e) 0 file size (blocks, -f) unlimited pending signals (-i) 193045 max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64 max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited open files (-n) 1000000 pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8 POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200 real-time priority (-r) 0 stack size (kbytes, -s) 8192 cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited max user processes (-u) 1000000 [ADDED] My NICs are the following: $ dmesg | grep Broad [ 2.473081] Broadcom NetXtreme II 5771x 10Gigabit Ethernet Driver bnx2x 1.62.12-0 (2011/03/20) [ 2.477808] bnx2x 0000:02:00.0: eth0: Broadcom NetXtreme II BCM57711E XGb (A0) PCI-E x4 5GHz (Gen2) found at mem fb000000, IRQ 28, node addr d8:d3:85:bd:23:08 [ 2.482556] bnx2x 0000:02:00.1: eth1: Broadcom NetXtreme II BCM57711E XGb (A0) PCI-E x4 5GHz (Gen2) found at mem fa000000, IRQ 40, node addr d8:d3:85:bd:23:0c [ADDED 2] ethtool -k eth0 Offload parameters for eth0: rx-checksumming: on tx-checksumming: on scatter-gather: on tcp-segmentation-offload: on udp-fragmentation-offload: off generic-segmentation-offload: on generic-receive-offload: on large-receive-offload: on rx-vlan-offload: on tx-vlan-offload: on ntuple-filters: off receive-hashing: off [ADDED 3] sudo ethtool -S eth0|grep -vw 0 NIC statistics: [1]: rx_bytes: 17521104292 [1]: rx_ucast_packets: 118326392 [1]: tx_bytes: 35351475694 [1]: tx_ucast_packets: 191723897 [2]: rx_bytes: 16569945203 [2]: rx_ucast_packets: 114055437 [2]: tx_bytes: 36748975961 [2]: tx_ucast_packets: 194800859 [3]: rx_bytes: 16222309010 [3]: rx_ucast_packets: 109397802 [3]: tx_bytes: 36034786682 [3]: tx_ucast_packets: 198238209 [4]: rx_bytes: 14884911384 [4]: rx_ucast_packets: 104081414 [4]: rx_discards: 5828 [4]: rx_csum_offload_errors: 1 [4]: tx_bytes: 35663361789 [4]: tx_ucast_packets: 194024824 [5]: rx_bytes: 16465075461 [5]: rx_ucast_packets: 110637200 [5]: tx_bytes: 43720432434 [5]: tx_ucast_packets: 202041894 [6]: rx_bytes: 16788706505 [6]: rx_ucast_packets: 113123182 [6]: tx_bytes: 38443961940 [6]: tx_ucast_packets: 202415075 [7]: rx_bytes: 16287423304 [7]: rx_ucast_packets: 110369475 [7]: rx_csum_offload_errors: 1 [7]: tx_bytes: 35104168638 [7]: tx_ucast_packets: 184905201 [8]: rx_bytes: 12689721791 [8]: rx_ucast_packets: 87616037 [8]: rx_discards: 2638 [8]: tx_bytes: 36133395431 [8]: tx_ucast_packets: 196547264 [9]: rx_bytes: 15007548011 [9]: rx_ucast_packets: 98183525 [9]: rx_csum_offload_errors: 1 [9]: tx_bytes: 34871314517 [9]: tx_ucast_packets: 188532637 [9]: tx_mcast_packets: 12 [10]: rx_bytes: 12112044826 [10]: rx_ucast_packets: 84335465 [10]: rx_discards: 2494 [10]: tx_bytes: 36562151913 [10]: tx_ucast_packets: 195658548 [11]: rx_bytes: 12873153712 [11]: rx_ucast_packets: 89305791 [11]: rx_discards: 2990 [11]: tx_bytes: 36348541675 [11]: tx_ucast_packets: 194155226 [12]: rx_bytes: 12768100958 [12]: rx_ucast_packets: 89350917 [12]: rx_discards: 2667 [12]: tx_bytes: 35730240389 [12]: tx_ucast_packets: 192254480 [13]: rx_bytes: 14533227468 [13]: rx_ucast_packets: 98139795 [13]: tx_bytes: 35954232494 [13]: tx_ucast_packets: 194573612 [13]: tx_bcast_packets: 2 [14]: rx_bytes: 13258647069 [14]: rx_ucast_packets: 92856762 [14]: rx_discards: 3509 [14]: rx_csum_offload_errors: 1 [14]: tx_bytes: 35663586641 [14]: tx_ucast_packets: 189661305 rx_bytes: 226125043936 rx_ucast_packets: 1536428109 rx_bcast_packets: 351 rx_discards: 20126 rx_filtered_packets: 8694 rx_csum_offload_errors: 11 tx_bytes: 548442367057 tx_ucast_packets: 2915571846 tx_mcast_packets: 12 tx_bcast_packets: 2 tx_64_byte_packets: 35417154 tx_65_to_127_byte_packets: 2006984660 tx_128_to_255_byte_packets: 373733514 tx_256_to_511_byte_packets: 378121090 tx_512_to_1023_byte_packets: 77643490 tx_1024_to_1522_byte_packets: 43669214 tx_pause_frames: 228 Some info about SACK: When to turn TCP SACK off?

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  • http.conf setup to simplify using 'localhost:81'

    - by Will
    I'm installing portable wampserver within my dropbox folder so I can access anywhere. I have this achieved and accessible using http://locahost:81 I want to access it by using a different address (dropping the :81 port number) such as http://myothersite. I'm fairly certain I need to add a virtualhosts directove somewhere within this, but I am not Apache experienced! This is the current Apache httpd.conf file: ServerRoot "C:/Users/will/Dropbox/Wampee-2.1-beta-2/bin/apache/apache2.2.17" Listen 81 ServerAdmin admin@localhost ServerName localhost:81 DocumentRoot "C:/Users/will/Dropbox/Wampee-2.1-beta-2/www/" <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all </Directory> <Directory "C:/Users/will/Dropbox/Wampee-2.1-beta-2/www/"> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks AllowOverride all # onlineoffline tag - don't remove Order Deny,Allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.1 </Directory> <IfModule dir_module> DirectoryIndex index.php index.php3 index.html index.htm </IfModule> <FilesMatch "^\.ht"> Order allow,deny Deny from all Satisfy All </FilesMatch> ErrorLog "C:/Users/will/Dropbox/Wampee-2.1-beta-2/logs/apache_error.log" LogLevel warn <IfModule log_config_module> LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common <IfModule logio_module> LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio </IfModule> CustomLog "C:/Users/will/Dropbox/Wampee-2.1-beta-2/logs/access.log" common #CustomLog "logs/access.log" combined </IfModule> <IfModule alias_module> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "cgi-bin/" </IfModule> <IfModule cgid_module> #Scriptsock logs/cgisock </IfModule> <Directory "cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> DefaultType text/plain <IfModule mime_module> TypesConfig conf/mime.types AddType application/x-compress .Z AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz AddType application/x-httpd-php .php AddType application/x-httpd-php .php3 </IfModule> # Server-pool management (MPM specific) #Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf # Multi-language error messages #Include conf/extra/httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf # Fancy directory listings Include conf/extra/httpd-autoindex.conf # Language settings #Include conf/extra/httpd-languages.conf # User home directories #Include conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf # Real-time info on requests and configuration #Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf # Virtual hosts #Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf # Local access to the Apache HTTP Server Manual #Include conf/extra/httpd-manual.conf # Distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV) #Include conf/extra/httpd-dav.conf # Various default settings #Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf # Secure (SSL/TLS) connections #Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf # # Note: The following must must be present to support # starting without SSL on platforms with no /dev/random equivalent # but a statically compiled-in mod_ssl. # <IfModule ssl_module> SSLRandomSeed startup builtin SSLRandomSeed connect builtin </IfModule> Include "C:/Users/will/Dropbox/Wampee-2.1-beta-2/alias/*" Include "C:/Users/will/Dropbox/Wampee-2.1-beta-2/MyWebAp ps/etc/alias/*"

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  • Active Directory Time Synchronisation - Time-Service Event ID 50

    - by George
    I have an Active Directory domain with two DCs. The first DC in the forest/domain is Server 2012, the second is 2008 R2. The first DC holds the PDC Emulator role. I sporadically receive a warning from the Time-Service source, event ID 50: The time service detected a time difference of greater than %1 milliseconds for %2 seconds. The time difference might be caused by synchronization with low-accuracy time sources or by suboptimal network conditions. The time service is no longer synchronized and cannot provide the time to other clients or update the system clock. When a valid time stamp is received from a time service provider, the time service will correct itself. Time sync in the domain is configured with the second DC to synchronise using the /syncfromflags:DOMHIER flag. The first DC is configured to sync time using a /syncfromflags:MANUAL /reliable:YES, from a peerlist consisting of a number of UK based stratum 2 servers, such as ntp2d.mcc.ac.uk. I'm confused why I receive this event warning. It implies that my PDC emulator cannot synchronise time with a supposedly reliable external time source, and it quotes a time difference of 5 seconds for 900 seconds. It's worth also mentioning that I used to use a UK pool from ntp.org but I would receive the warning much more often. Since updating to a number of UK based academic time servers, it seems to be more reliable. Can someone with more experience shed some light on this - perhaps it is purely transient? Should I disregard the warning? Is my configuration sound? EDIT: I should add that the DCs are virtual, and installed on two separate VMware ESXi/vSphere physical hosts. I can also confirm that as per MDMarra's comment and best practice, VMware timesync is disabled, since: c:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Tools\VMwareToolboxCmd.exe timesync status returns Disabled. EDIT 2 Some strange new issue has cropped up. I've noticed a pattern. Originally, the event ID 50 warnings would occur at about 1230pm each day. This is interesting since our veeam backup happens at 12 midday. Since I made the changes discussed here, I now receive an event ID 51 instead of 50. The new warning says that: The time sample received from peer server.ac.uk differs from the local time by -40 seconds (Or approximately 40 seconds). This has happened two days in a row. Now I'm even more confused. Obviously the time never updates until I manually intervene. The issue seems to be related to virtualisation and veeam. Something may be occuring when veeam is backing up the PDCe. Any suggestions? UPDATE & SUMMARY msemack's excellent list of resources below (the accepted answer) provided enough information to correctly configure the time service in the domain. This should be the first port of call for any future people looking to verify their configuration. The final "40 second jump" issue I have resolved (there are no more warnings) through adjusting the VMware time sync settings as noted in the veeam knowledge base article here: http://www.veeam.com/kb1202 In any case, should any future reader use ESXi, veeam or not, the resources here are an excellent source of information on the time sync topic and msemack's answer is particularly invaluable.

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  • apache2 namevirtualhost resolving wrong site

    - by joe
    Running apache 2.2.6. I'm setting up a development environment. dev and production will be hosted on the same machine, same IP address. DNS entries like prod.domain.com and dev.domain.com point to the same IP. * Imprortant: it is required that dev and prod are otherwise completely separate. Each will run it's own apache instance. Each will use it's own apache configuration. Each, prod and dev, will host http and https. I have this set up and working, but not as restrictive as I'd like. For instance, the production config: NameVirtualHost *:80 NameVirtualHost *:443 <VirtualHost *:80 > ServerName prod.domain.com # ... etc </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:443 > ServerName prod.domain.com # ... etc </VirtualHost> The dev site is set up similarly, using ports 8080 and 4443. Each site works fine. But assuming both apaches are running, one can also hit "cross-site" by mistake. So, inadvertently hitting prod.domain.com:8080 successfully returns a page from the dev site. It would be much better if this failed completely. This is a bit more difficult to solve (for me) because of the need for two apache configs. If all in one, the single process would have full knowledge of everything. So, I tried to solve this with brute force, including virtual hosts for the "other" site, with something that would fail, like no access to documentroot. But apache then inexplicably finds the "wrong" virtual host. Here's the full config for production, with the dummy dev configs. NameVirtualHost *:80 NameVirtualHost *:443 # ---------------------------------------------- # DUMMY HOSTS <VirtualHost *:8080 > ServerName dev.domain.com:8080 DocumentRoot /tmp/ <Directory /tmp/ > Order deny,allow Deny from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:4443 > ServerName dev.domain.com:4443 DocumentRoot /tmp/ <Directory /tmp/ > Order deny,allow Deny from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> # ---------------------------------------------- # REAL PRODUCTION HOSTS <VirtualHost *:80 > ServerName prod.domain.com:80 DocumentRoot /something/valid/ <Directory /something/valid/> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:443 > ServerName prod.domain.com:443 DocumentRoot /something/valid/ <Directory /something/valid/> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> # .... other valid ssl setup </VirtualHost> Here's the strange thing. With this configuration, a prod.domain.com:80 hit succeeds. But a prod.domain.com:443 hit fails, because it finds the dev.domain.com:4443 instead. I've also tried removing the port from the ServerName, but it still doesn't work. Sorry for the long question. Hopefully this is enough information. Thanks in advance for any help.

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  • ssh authentication nfs

    - by user40135
    Hi all I would like to do ssh from machine "ub0" to another machine "ub1" without using passwords. I setup using nfs on "ub0" but still I am asked to insert a password. Here is my scenario: * machine ub0 and ub1 have the same user "mpiu", with same pwd, same userid, and same group id * the 2 servers are sharing a folder that is the HOME directory for "mpiu" * I did a chmod 700 on the .ssh * I created a key using ssh-keygene -t dsa * I did "cat id_dsa.pub authorized_keys". On this last file I tried also chmod 600 and chmod 640 * off course I can guarantee that on machine ub1 the user "shared_user" can see the same fodler that wes mounted with no problem. Below the content of my .ssh folder Code: authorized_keys id_dsa id_dsa.pub known_hosts After all of this calling wathever function "ssh ub1 hostname" I am requested my password. Do you know what I can try? I also UNcommented in the ssh_config file for both machines this line IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_dsa I also tried ssh -i $HOME/.ssh/id_dsa mpiu@ub1 Below the ssh -vv Code: OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-3ubuntu1, OpenSSL 0.9.8g 19 Oct 2007 OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-3ubuntu1, OpenSSL 0.9.8g 19 Oct 2007 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to ub1 [192.168.2.9] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----BEGIN' debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----END' debug1: identity file /mirror/mpiu/.ssh/id_dsa type 2 debug1: Checking blacklist file /usr/share/ssh/blacklist.DSA-1024 debug1: Checking blacklist file /etc/ssh/blacklist.DSA-1024 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version lshd-2.0.4 lsh - a GNU ssh debug1: no match: lshd-2.0.4 lsh - a GNU ssh debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-3ubuntu1 debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,spki-sign-rsa debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes256-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,arcfour debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes256-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,arcfour debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-sha1,hmac-md5 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-sha1,hmac-md5 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: server-client 3des-cbc hmac-md5 none debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: client-server 3des-cbc hmac-md5 none debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 183/384 debug2: bits set: 1028/2048 debug1: sending SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_INIT debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_REPLY debug1: Host 'ub1' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /mirror/mpiu/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug2: bits set: 1039/2048 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug2: kex_derive_keys debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug2: key: /mirror/mpiu/.ssh/id_dsa (0xb874b098) debug1: Authentications that can continue: password,publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering public key: /mirror/mpiu/.ssh/id_dsa debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentications that can continue: password,publickey debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug1: Next authentication method: password mpiu@ub1's password: I hangs here!

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  • Mac OS X 10.8 VPN Server: Bypass VPN for LAN traffic (routing LAN traffic to secondary connection)

    - by Dan Robson
    I have somewhat of an odd setup for a VPN server with OS X Mountain Lion. It's essentially being used as a bridge to bypass my company's firewall to our extranet connection - certain things our team needs to do require unfettered access to the outside, and changing IT policies to allow traffic through the main firewall is just not an option. The extranet connection is provided through a Wireless-N router (let's call it Wi-Fi X). My Mac Mini server is configured with the connection to this router as the primary connection, thus unfettered access to the internet via the router. Connections to this device on the immediate subnet are possible through the LAN port, but outside the subnet things are less reliable. I was able to configure the VPN server to provide IP addresses to clients in the 192.168.11.150-192.168.11.200 range using both PPTP and L2TP, and I'm able to connect to the extranet through the VPN using the standard Mac OS X VPN client in System Preferences, however unsurprisingly, a local address (let's call it internal.company.com) returns nothing. I tried to bypass the limitation of the VPN Server by setting up Routes in the VPN settings. Our company uses 13.x.x.x for all internal traffic, instead of 10.x.x.x, so the routing table looked something like this: IP Address ---------- Subnet Mask ---------- Configuration 0.0.0.0 248.0.0.0 Private 8.0.0.0 252.0.0.0 Private 12.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 Private 13.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 Public 14.0.0.0 254.0.0.0 Private 16.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 Private 32.0.0.0 224.0.0.0 Private 64.0.0.0 192.0.0.0 Private 128.0.0.0 128.0.0.0 Private I was under the impression that if nothing was entered here, all traffic was routed through the VPN. With something entered, only traffic specifically marked to go through the VPN would go through the VPN, and all other traffic would be up to the client to access using its own default connection. This is why I had to specifically mark every subnet except 13.x.x.x as Private. My suspicion is that since I can't reach the VPN server from outside the local subnet, it's not making a connection to the main DNS server and thus can't be reached on the larger network. I'm thinking that entering hostnames like internal.company.com aren't kicked back to the client to resolve, because the server has no idea that the IP address falls in the public range, since I suspect (probably should ping test it but don't have access to it right now) that it can't reach the DNS server to find out anything about that hostname. It seems to me that all my options for resolving this all boil down to the same type of solution: Figure out how to reach the DNS with the secondary connection on the server. I'm thinking that if I'm able to do [something] to get my server to recognize that it should also check my local gateway (let's say Server IP == 13.100.100.50 and Gateway IP == 13.100.100.1). From there Gateway IP can tell me to go find DNS Server at 13.1.1.1 and give me information about my internal network. I'm very confused about this path -- really not sure if I'm even making sense. I thought about trying to do this client side, but that doesn't make sense either, since that would add time to each and every client side setup. Plus, it just seems more logical to solve it on the server - I could either get rid of my routing table altogether or keep it - I think the only difference would be that internal traffic would also go through the server - probably an unnecessary burden on it. Any help out there? Or am I in over my head? Forward proxy or transparent proxy is also an option for me, although I have no idea how to set either of those up. (I know, Google is my friend.)

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  • how does openvpn decide which interface to get IP addrs from

    - by bkrupa
    Using ubuntu 10.04 on both ends. We have a client and server machine on the SAME network attempting to make a vpn connection. We use the config files from here and made minimal changes. The server and client start and seem to connect without any trouble. The server looks like: Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 MULTI: multi_create_instance called Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 Re-using SSL/TLS context Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 LZO compression initialized Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1574 D:138 EF:38 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1574 D:1450 EF:42 EB:135 ET:32 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 Local Options hash (VER=V4): 'f7df56b8' Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): 'd79ca330' Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 TLS: Initial packet from 192.168.1.55:47166, sid=69112e42 5458135b *...* Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 1024 bit RSA Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 [client1] Peer Connection Initiated with 192.168.1.55:47166 On the client side the connection looks like: Wed Feb 23 22:20:07 2011 [server] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]192.168.1.41:1194 Wed Feb 23 22:20:10 2011 SENT CONTROL [server]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Wed Feb 23 22:20:10 2011 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,route-gateway 10.8.0.4,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 10.8.0.50 255.255.255.0' ... Wed Feb 23 22:20:10 2011 /sbin/ifconfig tap0 10.8.0.50 netmask 255.255.255.0 mtu 1500 broadcast 10.8.0.255 Wed Feb 23 22:20:10 2011 Initialization Sequence Completed The openvpn server has been configured to assign ip addresses in the range 10.8.0.* and the client has been given 10.8.0.50. When I run the following nmap from the client: Starting Nmap 5.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2011-02-23 22:04 EST Host 10.8.0.50 is up (0.00047s latency). Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (1 host up) scanned in 30.34 seconds Host 192.168.1.1 is up (0.0025s latency). Host 192.168.1.18 is up (0.074s latency). Host 192.168.1.41 is up (0.0024s latency). Host 192.168.1.55 is up (0.00018s latency). Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (4 hosts up) scanned in 6.33 seconds If I run an nmap from the server on 10.8.0.* I get nothing. If the client has two interfaces (wireless and tap device) when you look for a certain ip address, how does it decide which interface to connect on? edit I am trying to set up a vpn so that I can connect to my home network from a remote network. It seems like openvpn is connecting but none of the computers on my home network appear as network machines even after the connection is "Established". Stripped versions of the client and server config files are posted below. Thanks for any help you can offer. server.conf port 1194 proto udp dev tap ca /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/ca.crt cert /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/server.crt key /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/server.key # This file should be kept secret dh /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/dh1024.pem ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt server-bridge 10.8.0.4 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.50 10.8.0.100 keepalive 10 120 comp-lzo persist-key persist-tun status openvpn-status.log verb 3 client.conf client dev tap dev-node tap0901 proto udp remote ********** 1194 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun ca ca.crt cert client1.crt key client1.key comp-lzo verb 3 one other thing that might be helpful, I tried to connect using the openvpn gui for windows and the connection stalls out on "obtaining configuration" and the bar just scrolls forever.

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  • nginx 502 Bad Gateway on every external site

    - by Leandros
    I just installed nginx and followed the guides on the official site, to set it up with php5-fpm, but it just won't work. Not even the default site, without php is working outside of my server. Tried listen = 127.0.0.1:7777 and listen = /var/run/php5-fpm.sock Both don't work. I can access http://localhost with lynx on my server, but not from somewhere else (with external ip obviously). Yes, the php5-fpm deamons are running, yes the port (80 and 7777) is opened. Don't work with php-cgi as well. My config: user www-data; worker_processes 4; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 768; # multi_accept on; } http { ## # Basic Settings ## sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 2048; # server_tokens off; # server_names_hash_bucket_size 64; # server_name_in_redirect off; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; ## # Logging Settings ## access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; ## # Gzip Settings ## gzip on; gzip_disable "msie6"; # gzip_vary on; # gzip_proxied any; # gzip_comp_level 6; # gzip_buffers 16 8k; # gzip_http_version 1.1; # gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; ## # nginx-naxsi config ## # Uncomment it if you installed nginx-naxsi ## #include /etc/nginx/naxsi_core.rules; ## # nginx-passenger config ## # Uncomment it if you installed nginx-passenger ## #passenger_root /usr; #passenger_ruby /usr/bin/ruby; ## # Virtual Host Configs ## include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; proxy_buffers 16 16k; proxy_buffer_size 32k; fastcgi_buffers 16 16k; fastcgi_buffer_size 32k; fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; } Server config: (symlinked to sites-enabled) server { server_name skilloverflow.de *.skilloverflow.de; root /var/www/blog.skilloverflow.de/htdocs; index index.php; error_log /var/log/nginx/skilloverflow.error.log; access_log /var/log/nginx/skilloverflow.access.log; location = /favicon.ico { log_not_found off; access_log off; } location = /robots.txt { allow all; log_not_found off; access_log off; } location / { # This is cool because no php is touched for static content. # include the "?$args" part so non-default permalinks doesn't break when using query string try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args; } location ~ [^/]\.php(/|$) { fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$; if (!-f $document_root$fastcgi_script_name) { return 404; } fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:7777; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; } location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico)$ { expires max; log_not_found off; } # deny access to apache .htaccess files location ~ /\.ht { deny all; } # deny access to apache .htaccess files location ~ /\.ht { deny all; } } PHP Version: 5.4.17-1 nginx version: 1.2.1 Debian 6.0.7 Linux 2.6.32 Edit: Lighttpd is still installed, does that matter? It's not running though. Edit 2: No error or access log is generated. They're all empty.

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  • Windows can see Ubuntu Server printer, but can't print to it

    - by Mike
    I have an old desktop that I'm trying to set up as a home backup/print server. Backup was trivial, but am having issues getting the printing to work. The printer is connected to the server running Ubuntu Server 9.10 (no gui). If I access the printer via http://hostname:631/printers/, I am able to print a test page, so I know the printer is working; however, I am having no luck from Windows. Windows can see the printer when browsed via \hostname\, but I am unable to connect. Windows says "Windows cannot connect to the printer" without indicating why. Any suggestions? From /etc/samba/smb.conf: [global] workgroup = WORKGROUP dns proxy = no security = user username map = /etc/samba/smbusers encrypt passwords = true passdb backend = tdbsam obey pam restrictions = yes unix password sync = yes passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* . pam password change = yes map to guest = bad user load printers = yes printing = cups printcap name = cups [printers] comment = All Printers browseable = no path = /var/spool/samba writable = no printable = yes guest ok = yes read only = yes create mask = 0700 [print$] comment = Printer Drivers path = /var/lib/samba/printers browseable = yes read only = yes guest ok = yes From /etc/cups/cupsd.conf: LogLevel warn SystemGroup lpadmin Port 631 Listen /var/run/cups/cups.sock Browsing On BrowseOrder allow,deny BrowseAllow all BrowseRemoteProtocols CUPS BrowseAddress @LOCAL BrowseLocalProtocols CUPS dnssd DefaultAuthType Basic <Location /> Order allow,deny Allow all </Location> <Location /admin> Order allow,deny Allow all </Location> <Location /admin/conf> AuthType Default Require user @SYSTEM Order allow,deny Allow all </Location> <Policy default> <Limit Send-Document Send-URI Hold-Job Release-Job Restart-Job Purge-Jobs Set-Job-Attributes Create-Job-Subscription Renew-Subscription Cancel-Subscription Get-Notifications Reprocess-Job Cancel-Current-Job Suspend-Current-Job Resume-Job CUPS-Move-Job CUPS-Get-Document> Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit CUPS-Add-Modify-Printer CUPS-Delete-Printer CUPS-Add-Modify-Class CUPS-Delete-Class CUPS-Set-Default CUPS-Get-Devices> AuthType Default Require user @SYSTEM Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit Pause-Printer Resume-Printer Enable-Printer Disable-Printer Pause-Printer-After-Current-Job Hold-New-Jobs Release-Held-New-Jobs Deactivate-Printer Activate-Printer Restart-Printer Shutdown-Printer Startup-Printer Promote-Job Schedule-Job-After CUPS-Accept-Jobs CUPS-Reject-Jobs> AuthType Default Require user @SYSTEM Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit CUPS-Authenticate-Job> Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit All> Order deny,allow </Limit> </Policy> <Policy authenticated> <Limit Create-Job Print-Job Print-URI> AuthType Default Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit Send-Document Send-URI Hold-Job Release-Job Restart-Job Purge-Jobs Set-Job-Attributes Create-Job-Subscription Renew-Subscription Cancel-Subscription Get-Notifications Reprocess-Job Cancel-Current-Job Suspend-Current-Job Resume-Job CUPS-Move-Job CUPS-Get-Document> AuthType Default Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit CUPS-Add-Modify-Printer CUPS-Delete-Printer CUPS-Add-Modify-Class CUPS-Delete-Class CUPS-Set-Default> AuthType Default Require user @SYSTEM Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit Pause-Printer Resume-Printer Enable-Printer Disable-Printer Pause-Printer-After-Current-Job Hold-New-Jobs Release-Held-New-Jobs Deactivate-Printer Activate-Printer Restart-Printer Shutdown-Printer Startup-Printer Promote-Job Schedule-Job-After CUPS-Accept-Jobs CUPS-Reject-Jobs> AuthType Default Require user @SYSTEM Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit Cancel-Job CUPS-Authenticate-Job> AuthType Default Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit All> Order deny,allow </Limit> </Policy>

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  • Apache reverse proxy POST 403

    - by qkslvrwolf
    I am trying to get Jira and Stash to talk to each other via a Trusted Application link. The setup, currently, looks like this: Jira - http - Jira Proxy -https- stash proxy -http- stash. Jira and the Jira proxy are on the same machine. The Jira Proxy is showing 403 Forbidden for POST requests from the stash server. It works (or seems to ) for everything else. I contend that since we're seeing 403 forbiddens in the access log for apache, Jira is never seeing the request. Why is apache forbidding posts,and how do I fix it? Note that the IPs for both Stash and the Stash Proxy are in the "trusted host" section. My config: LogLevel info CustomLog "|/usr/sbin/rotatelogs /var/log/apache2/access.log 86400" common ServerSignature off ServerTokens prod Listen 8443 <VirtualHost *:443> ServerName jira.company.com SSLEngine on SSLOptions +StrictRequire SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/server.cer SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/server.key SSLProtocol +SSLv3 +TLSv1 SSLCipherSuite DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA:AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-DSS-AES128-SHA:AES128-SHA:EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA # If context path is not "/wiki", then send to /jira. RedirectMatch 301 ^/$ https://jira.company.com/jira RedirectMatch 301 ^/gsd(.*)$ https://jira.company.com/jira$1 ProxyRequests On ProxyPreserveHost On ProxyVia On ProxyPass /jira http://localhost:8080/jira ProxyPassReverse /jira http://localhost:8080/jira <Proxy *> Order deny,allow Allow from all </Proxy> RewriteEngine on RewriteLog "/var/log/apache2/rewrite.log" RewriteLogLevel 2 # Disable TRACE/TRACK requests, per security. RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} ^(TRACE|TRACK) RewriteRule .* - [F] DocumentRoot /var/www DirectoryIndex index.html <Directory /var/www> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Allow from all </Directory> <LocationMatch "/"> Order deny,allow Deny from all allow from x.x.71.8 allow from x.x.8.123 allow from x.x.120.179 allow from x.x.120.73 allow from x.x.120.45 satisfy any SetEnvif Remote_Addr "x.x.71.8" TRUSTED_HOST SetEnvif Remote_Addr "x.x.8.123" TRUSTED_HOST SetEnvif Remote_Addr "x.x.120.179" TRUSTED_HOST SetEnvif Remote_Addr "x.x.120.73" TRUSTED_HOST SetEnvif Remote_Addr "x.x.120.45" TRUSTED_HOST </LocationMatch> <LocationMatch ^> SSLRequireSSL AuthType CompanyNet PubcookieInactiveExpire -1 PubcookieAppID jira.company.com require valid-user RequestHeader set userid %{REMOTE_USER}s </LocationMatch> </VirtualHost> # Port open for SSL, non-pubcookie access. Used to access APIs with Basic Auth. <VirtualHost *:8443> SSLEngine on SSLOptions +StrictRequire SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/server.cer SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/server.key SSLProtocol +SSLv3 +TLSv1 SSLCipherSuite DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA:AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-DSS-AES128-SHA:AES128-SHA:EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA ProxyRequests On ProxyPreserveHost On ProxyVia On ProxyPass /jira http://localhost:8080/jira ProxyPassReverse /jira http://localhost:8080/jira <Proxy *> Order deny,allow Allow from all </Proxy> RewriteEngine on RewriteLog "/var/log/apache2/rewrite.log" RewriteLogLevel 2 # Disable TRACE/TRACK requests, per security. RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} ^(TRACE|TRACK) RewriteRule .* - [F] DocumentRoot /var/www DirectoryIndex index.html <Directory /var/www> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost jira.company.com:80> ServerName jira.company.com RedirectMatch 301 /(.*)$ https://jira.company.com/$1 RewriteEngine on RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} ^(TRACE|TRACK) RewriteRule .* - [F] </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName go.company.com RedirectMatch 301 /(.*)$ https://jira.company.com/$1 RewriteEngine on RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} ^(TRACE|TRACK) RewriteRule .* - [F] </VirtualHost>

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  • Configuring CESoPSN using Cisco MWR 2941

    - by Rayne
    I'm trying to configure CESoPSN on two Cisco MWR 2941 routers, but the alarm LED lights are always lit. My configuration is modeled after this sample configuration. My setup is as follows: On the Cisco MWRs, E1 0/5 is configured to be CESoPSN, E1 0/9 is configured to be CESoPSN (CAS mode), and E1 0/7 is configured to be SAToP. The two MWRs are connected to each other via the GigabitEthernet port 0/2. The GigE ports are configured as a vlan because the ports are L2 ports and cannot be assigned an IP address directly. The two Cisco MWRs are connected to a traffic simulator, i.e. the traffic simulator will play out E1 traffic to MWR 1 and record the output traffic from MWR 2. On my traffic simulator, when it's connected to the E1 ports 0/5 and 0/9 (both CESoPSN configurations), the "Remote" alarm is on. However, when connected to the E1 ports 0/7 (SAToP configuration), no alarms were on. The GigE connection seems to be working fine (both LED lights on the 2 ports are green). The SAToP configuration seems to be fine too (Left LED is green, right LED is off on both E1 0/7 ports). However, both CESoPSN configurations seem to be not working (Left LED is green, right LED is yellow on both E1 0/5 and 0/9 ports). I don't know if there's anything wrong with my configuration for the CESoPSN, as I'm very new to this. The relevant portions of the configuration are as follows: MWR 1: controller E1 0/5 clock source internal cem-group 5 timeslots 1-31 description E1 CESoPSN example ! controller E1 0/7 clock source internal cem-group 7 unframed description E1 SATOP example ! controller E1 0/9 mode cas clock source internal cem-group 9 timeslots 1-24 description E1 CESoPSN CAS example ! interface Loopback0 ip address 30.30.30.1 255.255.255.255 ! interface GigabitEthernet0/2 switchport access vlan 100 mpls ip ! interface CEM0/5 no ip address cem 5 xconnect 30.30.30.2 305 encapsulation mpls ! ! interface CEM0/7 no ip address cem 7 xconnect 30.30.30.2 307 encapsulation mpls ! ! interface CEM0/9 no ip address cem 9 signaling inband-cas xconnect 30.30.30.2 309 encapsulation mpls ! ! interface Vlan100 ip address 50.50.50.1 255.255.255.0 no ptp enable mpls ip ! no ip classless ip forward-protocol nd ip route 30.30.30.2 255.255.255.255 50.50.50.2 ! MWR 2: controller E1 0/5 clock source internal cem-group 5 timeslots 1-31 description E1 CESoPSN example ! controller E1 0/7 clock source internal cem-group 7 unframed ! controller E1 0/9 mode cas clock source internal cem-group 9 timeslots 1-24 description E1 CESoPSN CAS example ! interface Loopback0 ip address 30.30.30.2 255.255.255.255 ! interface GigabitEthernet0/2 switchport access vlan 100 mpls ip ! interface CEM0/5 no ip address cem 5 xconnect 30.30.30.1 305 encapsulation mpls ! ! interface CEM0/7 no ip address cem 7 xconnect 30.30.30.1 307 encapsulation mpls ! ! interface CEM0/9 no ip address cem 9 signaling inband-cas xconnect 30.30.30.1 309 encapsulation mpls ! ! interface Vlan100 ip address 50.50.50.2 255.255.255.0 no ptp enable mpls ip ! no ip classless ip forward-protocol nd ip route 30.30.30.1 255.255.255.255 50.50.50.1 ! If anyone is familiar with CESoPSN configurations, please advise.

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  • How to restore Linode to Vagrant VM?

    - by Iain Elder
    I'm trying to set up a Linux development environment so I can safely make changes to my website without breaking the live site. Linode hosts my live site. A simple solution would be to host my development server on Linode as well, but I want to avoid doubling my hosting costs. The cheapest way I see is to use Vagrant on my Windows workstation to host my development environment. After I attempt to restore the backup to Vagrant and reboot the VM, I can no longer ssh into the Vagrant host. It's probably because by restoring the backup I overwrite some special Vagrant configuration, but I'm not sure how to avoid that. How do I make this approach work? If my approach is fundamentally wrong, can you suggest an alternative? Creating the backup On the Linode I used these commands to create a compressed copy of the entire filesystem, while ignoring things that shouldn't be included in the backup: $ sudo rsync -ahvz --exclude={/dev/*,/proc/*,/sys/*,/tmp/*,/run/*,/mnt/*,/backup/*} /* /backup/2 $ sudo tar -czf /backup/2.gz /backup/2 The backup file is called 2.gz because this is thesecond backup. The first backup is called 1.gz. I use WinSCP to copy the backup file to my Windows workstation. Setting up the Vagrant host I need a Vagrant box that matches my Linode operating system (Ubuntu 12.04.3 LTS, kernel 3.9.3). I selected the closet match from vagrantbox.es: Ubuntu Server Precise 12.04.3 amd64 Kernel is ready for Docker (Docker not included) On my workstation I ran these commands to add the box and initialize and boot an instance: $ vagrant box add ubuntu-precise http://nitron-vagrant.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/vagrant_ubuntu_12.04.3_amd64_virtualbox.box $ mkdir linode-test $ cd linode-test $ vagrant init ubuntu-precise $ vagrant up Now Vagrant is running a machine with SSH on port 2222. The operating system version is the same. The kernel version is 3.8.0. Sounds close enough. Restoring the backup With WinSCP I copied the backup file 2.gz to /home/vagrant/2.gz on the Vagrant box. With PuTTY I connected via ssh to my new Vagrant box: On the box move the backup to the filesystem root. $ sudo mv 2.gz / Extract the archive to the filesystem root: $ sudo tar -xvpz -f 2.gz -C / --strip-components=2 (I discovered I need to use strip components because all files in the archive have the prefix backup/2/. I'll fix this for the next backup.) After the tar command completes, I log out of the box. Testing the backup When I try to log in again, it doesn't let me log in as vagrant with a password any more. It does let me log in as iain, my user on the live Linode, with a password. That surprised me because I disabled password authentication on my live Linode. I figured that I have to restart the ssh service for the change to take effect. Instead of restarting just ssh, I chose to restart the whole system. Now I can't even get to the login screen. PuTTY says "connection refused" when I try to connect. What went wrong?

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  • Facing issues in setting up VPN connection(IKEv1) using iphone (Defult Cisco VPN client) and Strongswan 4.5.0 server

    - by Kushagra Bhatnagar
    I am facing issues in setting up VPN connection(IKEv1) using iPhone (Defult Cisco VPN client) and Strongswan 4.5.0 server. The Strongswan server is running on Ubuntu Linux, which is connected to some wifi hotspot. This is the guide which was used. I generated CA, server and client certificate, with the only difference mentioned below. “While generating server certificate, as per link CN=vpn.strongswan.org instead of this I changed CN name to CN=192.168.43.212.” Once certificates are generated, following (clientCert.p12 and caCert.pem) are sent to mobile via mail and installed on iphone. After installation I notice that certificates are considered as trusted also. Below are the ip addresses assigned to various interfaces Linux server wlan0 interface ip where server is running: 192.168.43.212 Iphone eth0 interface ip address: 192.168.43.72. iphone is also attached with the same wifi hotspot. Below is the snapshot of client configurations. Description Strong swan Server 192.168.43.212 Account ipsecvpn Password ***** Use certificate ON Certificate client The above username and password are in sync with the ipsec.secrets file. I am using the following ipsec.conf configuration: # basic configuration config setup plutodebug=all # crlcheckinterval=600 # strictcrlpolicy=yes # cachecrls=yes nat_traversal=yes # charonstart=yes plutostart=yes # Add connections here. # Sample VPN connections conn ios1 keyexchange=ikev1 authby=xauthrsasig xauth=server left=%defaultroute leftsubnet=0.0.0.0/0 leftfirewall=yes leftcert=serverCert.pem right=192.168.43.72 rightsubnet=10.0.0.0/24 rightsourceip=10.0.0.2 rightcert=clientCert.pem pfs=no auto=add With the above configurations when I enable VPN on iphone, it says Could not able to verify server certificate. I ran Wireshark on a Linux server and observe that initially some ISAKMP message exchanges happens between client and server, which are successful but before authorization, client is sending some informational message and soon after this client is showing error as popup Could not able to verify server certificate. Capture logs on Strongswan server and in server logs below errors are observed: From auth.log Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | ISAKMP version: ISAKMP Version 1.0 Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | exchange type: ISAKMP_XCHG_INFO Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | flags: ISAKMP_FLAG_ENCRYPTION Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | message ID: 9d 1a ea 4d Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | length: 76 Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | ICOOKIE: f6 b7 06 b2 b1 84 5b 93 Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | RCOOKIE: 86 92 a0 c2 a6 2f ac be Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | peer: c0 a8 2b 48 Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | state hash entry 8 Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | state object not found Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: **packet from 192.168.43.72:500: Informational Exchange is for an unknown (expired?) SA** Apr 25 20:16:08 Linux pluto[4025]: | next event EVENT_RETRANSMIT in 8 seconds for #8 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | *time to handle event Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | event after this is EVENT_RETRANSMIT in 2 seconds Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | handling event EVENT_RETRANSMIT for 192.168.43.72 "ios1" #8 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | sending 76 bytes for EVENT_RETRANSMIT through wlan0 to 192.168.43.72:500: Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | a6 a5 86 41 4b fb ff 99 c9 18 34 61 01 7b f1 d9 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | 08 10 06 01 e9 1c ea 60 00 00 00 4c ba 7d c8 08 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | 13 47 95 18 19 31 45 30 2e 22 f9 4d 85 2c 27 bc Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | 9e 9b e1 ae 1e 35 51 6f ab 80 f5 73 3c 15 8d 20 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | 4b 46 47 86 50 24 3f 13 15 7d d5 17 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | inserting event EVENT_RETRANSMIT, timeout in 40 seconds for #8 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | next event EVENT_RETRANSMIT in 2 seconds for #10 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | rejected packet: Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | control: Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | 30 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0b 00 00 00 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | 6f 00 00 00 02 03 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | 02 00 00 00 c0 a8 2b 48 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | name: Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: | 02 00 01 f4 c0 a8 2b 48 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Apr 25 20:16:16 Linux pluto[4025]: **ERROR: asynchronous network error report on wlan0 for message to 192.168.43.72 port 500, complainant 192.168.43.72: Connection refused [errno 111, origin ICMP type 3 code 3 (not authenticated)]** Anybody please provide some update about this error and how to solve this issue.

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  • Server currently under DDOS, not sure what to do

    - by Volex
    My web server is currently under a DDOS attack I believe, the messages log is full of these kind of messages: May 13 15:51:19 kernel: nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet. May 13 15:51:19 last message repeated 9 times May 13 15:51:24 kernel: __ratelimit: 78 callbacks suppressed May 13 15:51:24 kernel: nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet. May 13 15:52:06 kernel: possible SYN flooding on port 80. Sending cookies. and a netstat has a huge amount of the following: tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http bb176da0.virtua.com.br:4998 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http 187.0.43.109:2694 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http 109.229.4.145:1722 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http 189-84-163-244.sodobr:63267 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http bd66839d.virtua.com.br:3469 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http 69.101.56.190.dsl.int:52552 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http pc-62-230-47-190.cm.vt:2262 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http 189-84-163-244.sodobr:63418 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http pc-62-230-47-190.cm.vt:1741 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http zaq3d739320.zaq.ne.jp:2141 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http netacc-gpn-4-80-73.po:52676 SYN_RECV tcpdump shows: 7:11:08.564510 IP 187-4-1xx-4.xxx.ipd.brasiltelecom.net.br.54821 > my.host.com.http: S 999692166:999692166(0) win 65535 <mss 1452,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.566347 IP 114-44-171-67.dynamic.hinet.net.1129 > my.host.com.http: S 605369055:605369055(0) win 65535 <mss 1440,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.570210 IP 200-101-13-130.pvoce300.ipd.brasiltelecom.net.br.5590 > my.host.com.http: S 2813379182:2813379182(0) win 16384 <mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.571290 IP dsl-189-143-30-99-dyn.prod-infinitum.com.mx.1615 > my.host.com.http: S 281542700:281542700(0) win 65535 <mss 1452,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.583847 IP dsl-189-143-30-99-dyn.prod-infinitum.com.mx.1617 > my.host.com.http: S 499413892:499413892(0) win 65535 <mss 1452,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.588680 IP 170.51.229.112.2569 > my.host.com.http: S 2195084898:2195084898(0) win 65535 <mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.588773 IP gw2-1.211.ru.3180 > my.host.com.http: F 2315901786:2315901786(0) ack 2620913033 win 64240 17:11:08.590656 IP 200-101-13-130.pvoce300.ipd.brasiltelecom.net.br.5614 > my.host.com.http: S 2813715032:2813715032(0) win 16384 <mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.591212 IP 203.82.82.54.15848 > my.host.com.http: S 4070423507:4070423507(0) win 16384 <mss 1400,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.591254 IP 203.82.82.54.2545 > my.host.com.http: S 1790910784:1790910784(0) win 16384 <mss 1400,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.591289 IP 203.82.82.54.28306 > my.host.com.http: S 578615626:578615626(0) win 16384 <mss 1400,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.591591 IP gw2-1.211.ru.3191 > my.host.com.http: F 2316435991:2316435991(0) ack 2634205972 win 64240 17:11:08.591790 IP 200-101-13-130.pvoce300.ipd.brasiltelecom.net.br.5593 > my.host.com.http: S 2813659017:2813659017(0) win 16384 <mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.593691 IP gw2-1.211.ru.3203 > my.host.com.http: F 2316834420:2316834420(0) ack 2629074987 win 64240 I'm not sure what I can do to limit/mitigate this, currently no webpages are being served, any help gratefully appreciated.

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  • Issues with Verizon's "Network Extender" device talking on my home network.

    - by Logan
    I recently switched my phone service to Verizon from ATT, and I get somewhat spotty service in my house. I called them and they sent me a "network extender" device for free. Its a femtocell that connects to my home network. The directions that come with it are very dumbed down, basically just say to connect it to your router and put it near a window (so it can get a GPS signal, it has to make sure its within the correct area before operating). The problem I'm having is the network light on it stays red. The troubleshooting information that came with it tells me this means there is a bad network connection. Its connected through an ASUS router running DD-WRT. No other devices on my network have a problem with it, including a Western Digital WDLIVE device, mine and my wife's cell phones (via wifi), a Wii, and an Xbox. If I connect the device directly to my cable modem, the light goes blue (which means good) and it starts working. So this tells me that its definately a configuration issue with my router. Verizon basically washed their hands of me when I connected it to my cable modem, and told me that its a router issue and to try a different router. Because normal people just have extra routers laying around their houses... When I connect it to the router, I can watch the DHCP Clients list on the status page, and the MAC of the network extender quickly fills up the clients list, grabbing every available DHCP address. Its like it grabs an address, can't connect to the internet, releases it, grabs another, then another, then another. So in the DHCP server settings I assigned a static IP to its MAC. This made it quit doing what it was doing before, but its still not working. I found the ports I needed to open on verizon's website, and opened them in the port forwarding config on my router. This still didn't help. So, I tried setting the network extender device's IP as the DMZ IP on the router. This still did no good. I called Verizon back and got the tech to write up a report which he passed on to a "senior network tech" who I got a call back from a few hours ago. This guy told me that while an ASUS router isn't listed as a supported device, he's not really sure why its not working. He suggested restoring the firmware to stock ASUS firmware and trying again. I have a very hard time believing its DD-WRT doing this, since every other device is working just fine with it. But its also not the Network Extender, since it works just fine when connected directly to the modem. At this point I'm out of ideas, and the next step is to restore the stock firmware on my router, and then going to walmart and getting a linksys WRT-54G to try. Is there anything else I could try before going that drastic? Cliffs- -Network extender won't work behind router, works when connected directly to cable modem. -Extender goes nuts when allowed to pick its own DHCP address, I had to assign it a static IP. -Won't work when correct ports are forwarded to it -Won't work with a DMZ address.

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  • Puppet gives SSL error because master is not running?

    - by Daniel Huger
    I started with two clean machines this time. My master is running 12.04 Version: 2.7.11-1ubuntu2 Depends: ruby1.8, puppetmaster-common (= 2.7.11-1ubuntu2) My client is 10.04 Version: 2.6.3-0ubuntu1~lucid1 Depends: puppet-common (= 2.6.3-0ubuntu1~lucid1), ruby1.8 To setup Puppet tutorial: http://shapeshed.com/setting-up-puppet-on-ubuntu-10-04/ To connect master and client: http://shapeshed.com/connecting-clients-to-a-puppet-master/ The first time I tried to connect master to client failed with SSL_connect error. So I did rm -rf /etc/puppet/ssl/ to remove all the keys inside ssl folders. It looked like it work.... BUT client# puppet agent --server puppet --waitforce 60 --test /usr/lib/ruby/1.8/facter/util/resolution.rb:46: warning: Insecure world writable dir /etc/condor in PATH, mode 040777 /usr/lib/ruby/1.8/puppet/defaults.rb:67: warning: Insecure world writable dir /etc/condor in PATH, mode 040777 info: Creating a new SSL key for giab10 warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session info: Caching certificate for ca warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session info: Creating a new SSL certificate request for mybox123 info: Certificate Request fingerprint (md5): XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session info: Caching certificate for mybox123 err: Could not retrieve catalog from remote server: SSL_connect returned=1 errno=0 state=SSLv3 read server certificate B: certificate verify failed warning: Not using cache on failed catalog It cached but then it couldn't retrieve it. Let me stop here.... worrying I would mess something up. But let's check master's status. * master is not running WoW.... ??? master# service puppetmaster start * Starting puppet master [OK] master# service puppetmaster status * master is not running I think time is sync. Well, we are behind a firewall so the port to sync time is disbaled. I checked with date and they seem okay. What about master not running? Is that the cause? Any help is appreciated. Thanks! /var/lib/puppet/log/masterhttp.log [2012-06-30 00:13:25] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1 [2012-06-30 00:13:25] INFO ruby 1.8.7 (2011-06-30) [x86_64-linux] [2012-06-30 00:13:25] WARN TCPServer Error: Address already in use - bind(2) [2012-06-30 00:19:40] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1 [2012-06-30 00:19:40] INFO ruby 1.8.7 (2011-06-30) [x86_64-linux] [2012-06-30 00:19:40] WARN TCPServer Error: Address already in use - bind(2) [2012-06-30 00:28:58] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1 [2012-06-30 00:28:58] INFO ruby 1.8.7 (2011-06-30) [x86_64-linux] [2012-06-30 00:28:58] WARN TCPServer Error: Address already in use - bind(2) [2012-06-30 15:31:25] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1 [2012-06-30 15:31:25] INFO ruby 1.8.7 (2011-06-30) [x86_64-linux] [2012-06-30 15:31:25] WARN TCPServer Error: Address already in use - bind(2) 1 S puppet 5186 1 0 80 0 - 29410 poll_s 15:44 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/ruby1.8 /usr/bin/puppet master --masterport=8140 4 S root 5235 5005 0 80 0 - 2344 pipe_w 15:45 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto puppet kill -9 5186 puppet master service puppetmaster status * master is not running I always have this error, but I always ignored it. http://pastebin.com/exbpArjv What could it mean? Time sync? Package not installed? Then how could we do puppetca in the first place?

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  • How to configure multiple iSCSI Portal Groups on a EqualLogic PS6100?

    - by kce
    I am working on a migration from a VMware vSphere environment to a Hyper-V Cluster utilizing Windows Server 2012 R2. The setup is pretty small, an EqualLogic PS6100e and two Dell PowerConnect 5424 switches and handful of R710s and R620s. The SAN was configured as a non-RFC1918 network that is not assigned to our organization and since I am working on building a new virtualization environment I figured that this would be an appropriate time to do a subnet migration. I configured a separate VLAN and subnet on the switches and the two previously unused NICs on the PS6100's controllers. At this time I only have a single Hyper-V host cabled in but I can successfully ping the PS6100 from the host. From the PS6100 I can ping each of the four NICs that currently on the storage network. I cannot connect the Microsoft iSCSI Initiator to the Target. I have successfully added the Target Portals (the IP addresses of PS6100 NICs) and the Targets are discovered but listed as inactive. If I try to Connect to them I get the following error, "Log onto Target - Connection Failed" and ISCSIPrt 1 and 70 events are recorded in the Event Log. I have verified that access control to the volume is not the problem by temporarily disabling it. I suspect the problem is with the Portal Group IP address which is still listed as Group Address of old subnet (I know, I know I might be committing the sin of the X/Y problem but everything else looks good): RFC3720 has this to say about Network Portal and Portal Groups: Network Portal: The Network Portal is a component of a Network Entity that has a TCP/IP network address and that may be used by an iSCSI Node within that Network Entity for the connection(s) within one of its iSCSI sessions. A Network Portal in an initiator is identified by its IP address. A Network Portal in a target is identified by its IP address and its listening TCP port. Portal Groups: iSCSI supports multiple connections within the same session; some implementations will have the ability to combine connections in a session across multiple Network Portals. A Portal Group defines a set of Network Portals within an iSCSI Network Entity that collectively supports the capability of coordinating a session with connections spanning these portals. Not all Network Portals within a Portal Group need participate in every session connected through that Portal Group. One or more Portal Groups may provide access to an iSCSI Node. Each Network Portal, as utilized by a given iSCSI Node, belongs to exactly one portal group within that node. The EqualLogic Group Manager documentation has this to say about the Group IP Address: You use the group IP address as the iSCSI discovery address when connecting initiators to iSCSI targets in the group. If you modify the group IP address, you might need to change your initiator configuration to use the new discovery address Changing the group IP address disconnects any iSCSI connections to the group and any administrators logged in to the group through the group IP address. Which sounds equivalent to me (I am following up with support to confirm). I think a reasonable explanation at this point is that the Initiator can't complete the connection to the Target because the Group IP Address / Network Portal is on a different subnet. I really want to avoid a cutover and would prefer to run both subnets side-by-side until I can install and configure each Hyper-V host. Question/s: Is my assessment at all reasonable? Is it possible to configure multiple Group IP Addresses on the EqualLogic PS6100? I don't want to just change it as it will disconnect the remaining ESXi hosts. Am I just Doing It Wrong(TM)?

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  • COPSSH RSA only authentication connection problem

    - by Siriss
    Hello all- I am trying to setup an RSA Authentication only SSH/SFTP server. The SSH will be used primarily for RDC. Everything works just fine if I use password authentication. I am using Putty Key Generator to create he keys and I have pasted the key into authorized_keys file and restarted the OpenSSH server. I am using FileZilla to test the SFTP connection as that is the most important. For my tests I have created the keys without password correction. It will not work with a standard SSH connection either. It says "Server refused our key". I have recreated the key twice double checking with a guide on google, and I am pretty sure I did it correctly. I load the key file into FileZilla under settings/SFTP and try to connect and I get the following error: Disconnected: No supported authentication methods available. I have been playing with the different settings all night and I cannot figure it out. Here is my sshd_config file: # $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.80 2008/07/02 02:24:18 djm Exp $ # This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file. See # sshd_config(5) for more information. # This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin # The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with # OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where # possible, but leave them commented. Uncommented options change a # default value. #Port 22 #AddressFamily any #ListenAddress 0.0.0.0 #ListenAddress :: # Disable legacy (protocol version 1) support in the server for new # installations. In future the default will change to require explicit # activation of protocol 1 Protocol 2 # HostKey for protocol version 1 #HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key # HostKeys for protocol version 2 #HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key #HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key # Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key #KeyRegenerationInterval 1h #ServerKeyBits 1024 # Logging # obsoletes QuietMode and FascistLogging #SyslogFacility AUTH #LogLevel INFO # Authentication: #LoginGraceTime 2m PermitRootLogin no #StrictModes yes #MaxAuthTries 6 #MaxSessions 10 RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys # For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts RhostsRSAAuthentication no # similar for protocol version 2 #HostbasedAuthentication no # Change to yes if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for # RhostsRSAAuthentication and HostbasedAuthentication #IgnoreUserKnownHosts no # Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files #IgnoreRhosts yes # To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here! PasswordAuthentication no PermitEmptyPasswords no # Change to no to disable s/key passwords #ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes # Kerberos options #KerberosAuthentication no #KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes #KerberosTicketCleanup yes #KerberosGetAFSToken no # GSSAPI options #GSSAPIAuthentication no #GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes # Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing, # and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will # be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and # PasswordAuthentication. Depending on your PAM configuration, # PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass # the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password". # If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without # PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication # and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'. UsePAM no #AllowAgentForwarding yes #AllowTcpForwarding yes #GatewayPorts no #X11Forwarding no #X11DisplayOffset 10 #X11UseLocalhost yes #PrintMotd yes #PrintLastLog yes #TCPKeepAlive yes UseLogin no #UsePrivilegeSeparation yes #PermitUserEnvironment no #Compression delayed #ClientAliveInterval 0 #ClientAliveCountMax 3 #UseDNS yes #PidFile /var/run/sshd.pid #MaxStartups 10 #PermitTunnel no #ChrootDirectory none # no default banner path #Banner none # override default of no subsystems Subsystem sftp /bin/sftp-server # Example of overriding settings on a per-user basis #Match User anoncvs # X11Forwarding no # AllowTcpForwarding no # ForceCommand cvs server Thank you so much for your help!

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  • Intel Rapid Storage / Smart Response SSD caching issue

    - by goober
    Background Recently built my own PC. It works! Almost. It's been a while since getting into the guts of these things, so I'm familiar but may be missing something simple. FYI, I don't care about blowing the OS away -- it's brand new and we can go back from scratch as many times as necessary. Goal / Issue I'd like to use the SSD to take advantage of Intel's Smart Response technology (allows the SSD to act as a cache for HDDs) I would like the SSD cache to act as a cache for my HDDs, which I would like to be in a RAID1 array (so I get the speed from the SSD and the redundancy from the RAID1) However, Windows only sees the drive in device manager (not as a drive), so I'm unsure what to do about that. Related: as far as I know, for this to work, the drives all have to be in a single RAID array (i.e. a RAID0 pairing of the SSD and the RAID1 HDD array). However, when attempting this at the BIOS level, I am told there is not enough space for an array. Steps so Far Moved the SSD onto the Intel controller (I'd had it on the Marvel 6.0 controller instead of the Intel controller, so the BIOS was only seeing it in a strange way) Updated the BIOS of the motherboard to the latest version Reinstalled Intel's RST (iRST?) software several times, as some forums reported it working after reinstalling 3 times (which does not inspire confidence). Checked Intel storage: it does see the SSD as a physical, non-RAID device. However, it says no space exists if I try to create an array. Checked the BIOS: it does not show up in the boot order, but is an option that can be selected under boot options. Tried the firmware update for that model. Issue: the firmware CD doesn't detect a drive; maybe the Intel storage controller is making it difficult? moved the ssd to the marvel controller. The firmware update cd appeared to hang while searching for drives. swapped out the SATA cable for the manufacturer's and moved back to the intel storage controller. Noticed at this point that in the Intel RST software, a device DOES show up in addition to the RAID set -- only shown as a "60 GB internal disk". Windows doesn't appear to see it as a drive, but it does still show in device manager. Move SSD to port from 0-3 on MOBO and set SATA mode to IDE (after disconnecting RAID1 config) to allow the firmware update to work. Firmware was already at the latest version. Next Steps ? Components involved ASUS P8Z68-V PRO motherboard (Intel Z68 Chipset) Intel i7 2600k Processor 2 x 1TB 7200 RPM HDDs 64 GB Crucial M4 SSD (M4-CT064M4SSD2) For Reference -- Storage Configuration Intel 3 gbps Intel 3gbps Intel 6gbps Marvel 6gbps +----------+ +----------+ +----------+ +----------+ | | <----+ | | +-+ | | | |----------| | |----------| |-|--------| |----------| | | | | + | | | | | | +----------+ | +--|-------+ +-|--------+ +----------+ | | | + v v | 1 TB HDD 64 GB SSD + +> 1 TB HDD For Reference -- Intel RST (v10.8.0.1003) Screenshot Don't mind the "rebuilding" -- knocked a power cable out at one point; it's doing its job, not an indicator of a bad HDD. Any thoughts? Thanks in advance for any help!

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