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• ~/.profile does not run on startup

  - by pocoa

  I want to run some scripts at system startup, so in ~/.profile file, I've added: WORKSPACE="~/Development/workspace" alias workspace="cd $WORKSPACE" So I want this "workspace" alias to be available after the startup. Maybe it's not the right place to define these variables.

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• how to remove background layer of djvu file

  - by Jon

  Hello, I've downloaded some files from the Internet Archive. They come in different file formats and most of the time I use pdf. However, sometimes the scans are saves in colour instead of b/w. This makes it difficult/impossible to read on a dedicated ebook reader. In that case I downloaded the djvu files as on the PC you can select which layer (color, bw,fore,back) one would like to see. Selecting the bw gives excellent results. However, the ebook reader does not has this option. The question is, how can I remove /extract a layer from the djvu file and save only this layer. So far I've tried the following two approaches: 1) select bw in the djvu viewer on the PC and printed to postscript file. Followed by a ps2pdf conversion. This works, but generates a fairly large pdf file. Sure, I can again upload it to any2djvu but it just seems to much manual work for each file. 2) I tried the shared annotation feature and said (mode bw). This works on the PC as desired but is ignored on the ebook reader as the other layers are still present. Any help or suggestions would be greatly appreciated.

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• Recovering from bad ownership

  - by Christian Sciberras

  I was going to change the ownership of a directory to apache:apache, but I ended up running: chown -R apache:apache / Bad! Very bad! I knew what was going on when it started saying: chown: changing ownership of `/proc/2694/fd/48': Permission denied That's when I stopped everything (Ctrl+C). The current system I have is a server running virtualbox running CentOS 5. This problem happened inside the VM. Currently, everything seems to be working, but I have not restarted the system yet, and to be honest, I'm afraid that if I did something will break. I do not know chown's order, should I be concerned and assume something will break after a reboot? Is there a way to recover form this problem without having to rely on backups? I do have a daily one, but I thought there may be a simpler way out.

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• How do I limit concurrent sftp / port forwarding logins

  - by Kyoku

  I have ssh set up so my users can only access sftp and port forwarding, how can I limit the number of concurrent logins on a per user basis? In my sshd_config I have UsePAM set to yes and in /etc/security/limits.conf I have: username - maxlogins 1 I also tried: username hard maxlogins 1 Neither of these works and the users can still log in multiple times.

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• Changing path to basedir of mysql

  - by shantanuo

  When-ever I need to start mysql from command line, I need to cd to the base directory and then use mysql command as shown below: # cd /home/ec2-user/percona-5.5.30-tokudb-7.0.1-fedora-x86_64/ # ./bin/mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 mysql> How do I start mysql simply by typing "mysql" at command prompt? I tried to export the path but it did not work. export path=$PATH:/home/ec2-user/percona-5.5.30-tokudb-7.0.1-fedora-x86_64/bin/

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• end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector xxxxxxxxx

  - by muruga

  I have a IBM server. This server contains 3 hard disk with RAID 5. It was working fine earlier. Unfortunately this machine got the following error message. After that I have rebooted the systems. After that I am getting the following error message in kern.log and demsg kernel: [65896.678870] end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 17430271 kernel: [69263.783957] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE,SUGGEST_OK : [69263.783957] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Sense Key : Hardware Error [current] kernel: [69263.783957] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Add. Sense: Internal target failure Whether it is kernel problem or hard disk problem or Raid problem

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• fstab and cifs mounting, possible to store authentication information outside of fstab?

  - by tj111

  I am currently using cifs to mount some network shares (that require authentication) in /etc/fstab. It works excellently, but I would like to move the authentication details (username/pass) outside of fstab and be able to chmod it 600 (as fstab can have issues if I were to change its permissions). I was wondering if it is possible to do this (many-user system, don't want these permissions to be viewable by all users). from: //server/foo/bar /mnt/bar cifs username=user,password=pass,r 0 0 to: //server/foo/bar /mnt/bar cifs <link to permissions>,r 0 0 (or something analogous to this). Thanks.

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• Can not understand this script

  - by Jim

  Can someone help me understand this script? It is from sysconf_add and I am new to scripting. I need to do something similar. function add_word() { local word=$1 local word_quoted=$2 if ! word_present; then $debug && cp $file $tmpf sed -i -e "${lineno} { s/^[[:space:]]*\($var=\".*\)\(\".*\)/\1 $word_quoted\2/; s/=\" /=\"/ }" $file $debug && diff -u $tmpf $file else echo \"$word\" already present fi # some balancing for vim"s syntax highlighting }

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• High fan speed with no reason

  - by Klaus

  For a few weeks, the fans of my Lenovo B590 laptop, running on Xubuntu 14, turn to high speed a few minutes after it is turned on. The fans won't speed down until I turn the computer off. This is quite strange, since This didn't happen before The temperatures are quite low (are they ?) $sensors Adapter: Virtual device temp1: +36.0°C (crit = +88.0°C) temp2: +30.0°C (crit = +126.0°C) coretemp-isa-0000 Adapter: ISA adapter Physical id 0: +37.0°C (high = +72.0°C, crit = +90.0°C) Core 0: +34.0°C (high = +72.0°C, crit = +90.0°C) Core 1: +31.0°C (high = +72.0°C, crit = +90.0°C) thinkpad-isa-0000 Adapter: ISA adapter fan1: 0 RPM pkg-temp-0-virtual-0 Adapter: Virtual device temp1: +37.0°C $sudo hddtemp /dev/sda /dev/sda: ST500LT012-9WS142: 33°C The computer is under low load: top - 08:30:15 up 16 min, 2 users, load average: 0.28, 0.23, 0.23 Tasks: 197 total, 1 running, 196 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 0.8 us, 0.5 sy, 0.0 ni, 98.7 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem: 3607944 total, 1973956 used, 1633988 free, 99660 buffers KiB Swap: 3744764 total, 0 used, 3744764 free. 789936 cached Mem The BIOS is up to date (and there are no fan settings in it) The fan is clean and dust-free Why would the BIOS turn the fans to high speed where there seem to be no reason for that ? It seems that we cannot control the fan manually with this model, so I guess the only solution is to understand why this happens.

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• Can't compile software from source while attached to screen session.

  - by spams

  When I'm attached to screen session software doesn't compile with error message that it can't find some subdirectory (that exists) under directory structure of extracted tarball. When I detach from screen session and try to compile same software it compiles without errors. What could be wrong?

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• symlink and sudo executable

  - by CodeMedic

  If I have the below sudoers entry usera ALL=(userb) NOPASSWD: /home/userc/bin/executable-file usera ALL=(userb) NOPASSWD: /home/userc/bin/link-to-another-executable-file When I log-on as usera and try running the below commands, it works sudo -u userb /home/userc/bin/executable-file but NOT the one below. sudo -u userb /home/userc/bin/link-to-another-executable-file Sorry, user usera is not allowed to execute '/home/userc/bin/link-to-another-executable-file' as userb on hostname. Any ideas?

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• Limiting and redirect port access with useragent

  - by linuxcore

  I'm trying to write iptables string match rule To block http://domain.com:8888 and https://domain.com:8888 when it matches the supplied string in the rule. And another rule to redirect the ports also from 8888 to 7777 I tried following rules but unfortunately didn't work iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -s 0.0.0.0/0 -m string --string linuxcore --algo bm --sport 8888 -j DROP iptables -t raw -A PREROUTING -m string --algo bm --string linuxcore -p tcp -i eth0 --dport 8888 -j DROP iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 8888 -m string --algo bm --string "linuxcore" -j REDIRECT --to-port 7777 iptables -A INPUT -t nat -p tcp --dport 8888 -m string --algo bm --string "linuxcore" -j DROP I want to do this from iptables not the webserver because the server may not have a webserver and those ports are working on internal proxy or something like ..etc

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• Feeding the kernels entropy source from other machines and/or increasing its maximum size

  - by David Spillett

  We have has a little trouble with a small box that acts as a VPN end-point and mail relay for our network, caused by the available entropy for /dev/random being too low (which causes TLS connection attempts by exim to fail). The machine doesn't do anything else, so the normal feed into the entropy pool (interrupt timings from things like disk access) is not enough. As a quick hack I've set a looping script that reads from /dev/hda at a couple of Mbyte/sec which keeps it topped up. Other than buying a hardware RNG, is there a clean way of piping data for entry from elsewhere, such as a copy of the data our file server uses for its entropy source? I've spotted several tips for using rng-tools to feed it from /dev/urandom on the same machine but that "feels dirty". Also, is it possible to increase the maximum pool size? It currently seems to max out at 3585.

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• Rsync and Lazy mode ?

  - by fabien-barbier

  Since transferring or copying a file that is being used sometimes causes corruption of the transferred file, can we define a time interval in which Rsync checks each file in a given directory to see if there is a change within that time interval ? Files that are not changed during that interval will be transferred, while those that have changes will not. Can I do that with rsync ? Or another tool ? Is there a script to add this functionality to Rsync ? Thanks

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• Merging and sorting multiple files with "sort"

  - by NewbiZ

  Hello, I have a bunch of text logfiles in the following format: ID (17 characters) Timestamp (14 characters YYYYmmddHHMMSS e.g. "20060210100040" -> 2006/02/10 10:00:40) Random data (? characters) end of line The files are already sorted by timestamp. I need to get 1 log file with all the logs from multiple logs files, sorted by timestamp. Note that the log files are really huge, around 3-4G each (and there are dozens of them) I tried the following command: sort -s -m -t '|' -k1n,1n +17 -o data_sort.txt *.TXT Here is how I ended up with this command: -s : don't bother with tie results -m : merge all logs files -t '|' : there is no | in my logs, so the whole line should be field 1 -k1n,1n: sort on the first field as a numeric value +17 : the timestamp starts at index 17 -o : output file Actually... it fails miserably. The output file data_sort.txt is just the concatenation of all files, not sorted at all :( I would greatly appreciate if anyone could provide any help on this problem! Thanks

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• System time is off in Fedora

  - by NoClue

  I have a desktop PC with Fedora, Ubuntu and Windows installed and grub used for multibooting. But time in Fedora is always 5 hours behind. If I change the time in Fedora, then Windows and Ubuntu will be 5 hours ahead of the current time. I don't understand how to fix it. Any ideas? All the timezone settings in Fedora, Ubuntu and Windows are the same.

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• What are the minimum required modules to run WordPress

  - by Mister IT Guru

  Recently a 'consultant' came in to talk to bean counters at my place of employment, with regards to being more efficient with our IT infrastructure. They suggested to be more efficient we should only load the Apache modules that are required on our web servers. (This is just 1 of 1Ks of suggestions). The Bean Counters are very excited, and prepared for me to spend the time to investigate this avenue of cost cutting. I don't mind this mundane exercise, I see it as a learning experience! I guess this leads me to the actual question: How can I determine the minimum required apache modules for a PHP based application without actually going through the code, or plain old trial and error?

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• Server suddenly running out of entropy

  - by Creshal

  Since a reboot yesterday, one of our virtual servers (Debian Lenny, virtualized with Xen) is constantly running out of entropy, leading to timeouts etc. when trying to connect over SSH / TLS-enabled protocols. Is there any way to check which process(es) is(/are) eating up all the entropy? Edit: What I tried: Adding additional entropy sources: time_entropyd, rng-tools feeding urandom back into random, pseudorandom file accesses – netted about 1 MiB additional entropy per second, problems still persisted Checking for unusual activity via lsof, netstat and tcpdump – nothing. No noticeable load or anything Stopping daemons, restarting permanent sessions, rebooting the entire VM – no change in behaviour What in the end worked: Waiting. Since about yesterday noon, there are no connection problems anymore. Entropy is still somewhat low (128 Bytes peak), but TLS/SSH sessions have no noticeable delay anymore. I'm slowly switching our clients back to TLS (all five of them!), but I don't expect any change in behavior now.

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• MySQL wants a password but it's empty

  - by gAMBOOKa

  mysql -uroot ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES) mysql -uroot -p Enter password: <-- leave blank, hit enter without entering anything mysql> <-- i am logged in NOTE: This is a new mysql instance installation So if the password is blank, why won't it log me in without a -p flag? For a little clarification. I am running into this issue when attempting to change the password using a script: We're using a bash script to do that. mysqladmin -u root password abc wouldn't work (access denied) mysqladmin -u root -p password abc cannot be used because it prompts for a password and we need to automate this. mysqladmin -u root -p'' password abc is not working either

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• How to have a soft-real-time process in presense of heavily swapping IO-intensive background load?

  - by Vi

  schedtool: PID 32301: PRIO 4, POLICY R: SCHED_RR , NICE -20, AFFINITY 0xf ionice: realtime: prio 4 But the music is stumbling anyway. Background load is low prio (SCHED_IDLEPRIO, idle ionice), but uses a lot of memory (more than is physically available) and does a lot of IO and calculations. Latencytop shows about 1500ms for: Following symlink Writing buffer to disk (sync) Page fault Writing a page to disk both for the bg load and for unrelated processes. Load average is 10 and counting. Why cannot it allocate, for example, 200MHZ of one of the cores and 32M of memory and not less than once per second opportunity for IO for mplayer to make it happy while continuing calculations on the background? Or: why it cannot leave background task and swap loving each other but keeping the rest of the system as if there were no background load? How to have RT processes AND heavy bg load simultaneously (without of virtual machines)?

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• Dual-head monitor system Kubuntu 10.04

  - by andrii

  I have a notebook Asus V6X00V with 1400*1050 monitor(name: LVDS) and Dell Monitor 1920*1080 (VGA-0). I want to have a dual monitor system. At MS Windows everything is working fine. During the Kubuntu installation the Dell and the main notebook monitors have a right resolutions(1920*1080 & 1400*1050). But after some stage it have been changed to the 1152*864 for both. Now the right resolution is only during turning off process and when I am using the console. So it shows that system can use this resolutions. The problem is just in a settings. I am using Size & Orientation - System Settings for setting adjustment. Any option that changes resolution for any monitor or changing position(Absolute, Left Of, Right of and so on) cause the color line noise on the screens. I have tried xrandr: xrandr --output LVDS --mode 1400x1050 --pos 0x0 --output VGA-0 --mode 1920x1080 --right-of LVDS --pos 1400x0 but have received the same result. I have find out that for example the previous version of Randr(1.2, now I have xrandr 1.3) need a xorg.conf file modification to create a big virtual screen, but kubuntu 10.4 don't have xorg.conf and I don't know should I modify xorg for 1.3 version of xrandr or not. Please help me to solve this problem

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• How can I enforce directory space limits in a OpenVPZ system?

  - by George

  The title says it all. I have some programs on a server (centos4-openvz) that use a directory as temp directory - but pay no attention to the size it grows. I want to enforcee a limit, like this folder cannot exceed 300mb. I would use quota but OpenVZ does not support loop devices to mount a file as such. Any other solutions? (apart from scripting a periodic delete of files in the directory). Editing the application's code to implement such a functionality is not entirely out of the question - if it can be done easily and no other ways exist.. Its written in cpp - but I don't know how to implement it.

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• Dowload additional Keyboard Layouts in Ubuntu

  - by Somebody still uses you MS-DOS

  I have a Brazilian Keyboard that I need to use in my machine for some testing, but none of Brazilian Layouts that came with Ubuntu Lucid Lynx release are 100% compatible (I'm missing question marks and "/"). How do I download additional keyboard layouts?

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• Processes spawned by taskset not respecting environment variables

  - by jonesy16

  I've run into an issue where an intel compiler generated program that I'm running with taskset has been putting its temporary files into the working directory instead of /tmp (defined by environment variable TMPDIR). If run by itself, it works correctly. If run with taskset (e.g. taskset -c 0 <program> Then it seems to completely ignore the TMPDIR environment variable. I then verified this by writing a quick bash script as follows: contents of test.sh: #!/bin/bash echo $TMPDIR When run by itself: $ export TMPDIR=/tmp $ test.sh /tmp When run through taskset: $ export TMPDIR=/tmp $ taskset -c 1 test.sh "" Another test. If I export the TMPDIR variable inside of my script and then use taskset to spawn a new process, it doesn't know about that variable: #!/bin/bash export TMPDIR=/tmp taskset -c 1 sh -c export When run, the list of exported variables does not include TMPDIR. It works correctly with any other exported environment variable. If i diff the output of: export and taskset -c 1 bash -c export Then I see that there are 4 changes. The taskset spawned export doesn't have LD_LIBRARY_PATH, NLSPATH (intel compiler variable), SHLVL is 3 instead of 1, and TMPDIR is missing. Can anyone tell me why?

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• Is it possible to open server ports on TUN devices?

  - by JosephH

  If I make a VPN connection to a server (say myvpn.com; assume this server is not behind any router/firewall) via a TUN device and open a port (say 5555), will someone else be able to connect to me via myvpn.com:5555? If not, is there a tunneling software that does exactly this in a transparent manner? i.e. run any TCP/UDP-based server instance behind a router without NAT using another remote server.

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