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  • What does this `_time_independent_equals` mean?

    - by Satoru.Logic
    In the tornado.web module there is a function called _time_independent_equals: def _time_independent_equals(a, b): if len(a) != len(b): return False result = 0 for x, y in zip(a, b): result |= ord(x) ^ ord(y) return result == 0 It is used to compare secure cookie signatures, and thus the name. But regarding the implementation of this function, is it just a complex way to say a==b?

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  • list in loop, Nonetype errors

    - by user2926755
    Here is my Code def printList(stringlist): empty = [] if stringlist is None: print empty else: print stringlist def add (stringlist, string): string = [] if string is None else string if stringlist is not None: stringlist.insert(0, string) else: stringlist.append(1) it somehow appears "AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'append'" I was originally looking for the code to be run like this: >>> myList = None >>> printList(myList) [] >>> for word in ['laundry','homework','cooking','cleaning']: myList = add(myList, word) printList(myList) [laundry] [homework, laundry] [cooking, homework, laundry] [cleaning, cooking, homework, laundry]

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  • Changing direction of rotation Pygame

    - by czl
    How would you change the direction of a rotating image/rect in Pygame? Applying positive and negative degree values works but it seems to only be able to rotate one direction throughout my window. Is there a way to ensure a change in direction of rotation? Perhaps change up rotation of a spinning image every 5 seconds, or if able to change the direction of the spin when hitting a X or Y axis. I've added some code below. It seems like switching movement directions is easy with rect.move_ip as long as I specify a speed and have location clause, it does what I want. Unfortunately rotation is't like that. Here I'l adding angles to make sure it spins, but no matter what I try, I'm unable to negate the rotation. def rotate_image(self): #rotate image orig_rect = self.image.get_rect() rot_image = pygame.transform.rotate(self.image, self.angle) rot_rect = orig_rect.copy() rot_rect.center = rot_image.get_rect().center rot_image = rot_image.subsurface(rot_rect).copy() return rot_image def render(self): self.screen.fill(self.bg_color) self.rect.move_ip(0,5) #Y axis movement at 5 px per frame self.angle += 5 #add 5 anglewhen the rect has not hit one of the window self.angle %= 360 if self.rect.left < 0 or self.rect.right > self.width: self.speed[0] = -self.speed[0] self.angle = -self.angle #tried to invert the angle self.angle -= 5 #trying to negate the angle rotation self.angle %= 360 self.screen.blit(self.rotate_image(),self.rect) pygame.display.flip() I would really like to know how to invert rotation of a image. You may provide your own examples.

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  • Plotting and Animating 2D points with 'headings'

    - by mellort
    I will have a set of data (x, y, heading), and I need to animate it in real-time. I am currently using matplotlib to animate (x, y) and it works fine, but I would really like to have some way to indicate heading, ie what direction the object is facing. What would be the best library for this? It seems like PyGame might be able to help me out, but would I have to roll out my own graphing library for it? Thanks

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  • For improving the join of two wave files

    - by kaki
    i want to get the values of the last 30 frames of the first wav file and first thirty frames of the second wave file in integer format and stored in a list or array. i have written the code for joining but during this manupalation i am getting in byte format and tried to convert it to integer but couldn't. as told before i want to get the frame detail of 1st 30 and last 30 in integer format,and by performing other operations join can be more successful looking for your help in this,please... thanking you, import wave m=['C:/begpython/S0001_0002.wav', 'C:/begpython/S0001_0001.wav'] i=1 a=m[i] infiles = [a] outfile = "C:/begpython/S0001_00367.wav" data= [] data1=[] for infile in infiles: w = wave.open(infile, 'rb') data1=[w.getnframes] #print w.readframes(100) data.append( [w.getparams(), w.readframes(w.getnframes())] ) #print w.readframes(1) #data1 = [ord(character) for character in data1] #print data1 #data1 = ''.join(chr(character) for character in data1) w.close() print data output = wave.open(outfile, 'wb') output.setparams(data[0][0]) output.writeframes(data[0][1]) output.writeframes(data[1][1]) output.writeframes(data[2][1]) output.close()

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  • Return more then One field from database SQLAlchemy

    - by David Neudorfer
    This line: used_emails = [row.email for row in db.execute(select([halo4.c.email], halo4.c.email!=''))] Returns: ['[email protected]', '[email protected]', '[email protected]', '[email protected]', '[email protected]'] I use this to find a match: if recipient in used_emails: If it finds a match I need to pull another field (halo4.c.code) from the database in the same row. Any suggestions on how to do this?

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  • Django naturaltime Localization error

    - by Edwin Lunando
    My language ID is 'id'. I used localized humanize library for my Django template tags and use the naturaltime, but the translation is partially wrong. The now translated to sekarang is right. second to detik. minute to menit, but when it comes to date, week, or months, the word is not translated to my language. It keeps printing date, week, and months. Here are my Django configuration TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Jakarta' LANGUAGE_CODE = 'id' SITE_ID = 1 USE_I18N = True USE_L10N = True USE_TZ = True Here how I used the naturaltime template tags. <time class="discussion__info__item">{{ object.created|naturaltime }}</time> Do I forgot something? Thank you.

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  • rename keys in a dictionary

    - by user366660
    i want to rename the keys of a dictionary are which are ints, and i need them to be ints with leading zeros's so that they sort correctly. for example my keys are like: '1','101','11' and i need them to be: '001','101','011' this is what im doing now, but i know there is a better way tmpDict = {} for oldKey in aDict: tmpDict['%04d'%int(oldKey)] = aDict[oldKey] newDict = tmpDict

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  • How do I include the Django settings file?

    - by alex
    I have a .py file in a directory , which is inside the Django project folder. I have email settings in my settings.py, but this .py file does not import that file. How can I specify to Django that settings.py should be used , so that I can use EmailMessage class with the settings that are in my settings.py?

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  • Error 400 in urllib2 when using cookies

    - by Hempage
    I've had some success using a different method to load cookies, but now I'm wanting to use the cookielib.MozillaCookieJar method to open a cookies.txt file. Here's the snippet of code that does this. cookieJar=MozillaCookieJar() cookieJar.load(argv[2]) After creating an HTTPCookieProcessor opener, and installing it, whenever I use urlopen, I get an HTTP 400 error. However, if I don't use a CookieJar, the urlopen method succeeds (though the response doesn't contain the data I need). I'm not sure whether the cookies.txt file is malformed, or whether there's something else going on.

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  • Construct Numpy index given list of starting and ending positions

    - by Abiel
    I have two identically-sized numpy.array objects (both one-dimensional), one of which contains a list of starting index positions, and the other of which contains a list of ending index positions (alternatively you could say I have a list of starting positions and window lengths). In case it matters, the slices formed by the starting and ending positions are guaranteed to be non-overlapping. I am trying to figure out how to use these starting and ending positions to form an index for another array object, without having to use a loop. For example: import numpy as np start = np.array([1,7,20]) end = np.array([3,10,25]) Want to reference somearray[1,2,7,8,9,20,21,22,23,24])

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  • How do I check for Existence of a Record in GAE

    - by VDev
    I am trying to create a simple view in Django & GAE, which will check if the user has a profile entity and prints a different message for each case. I have the program below, but somehow GAE always seem to return a object. My program is below import datetime from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect from google.appengine.api import users from google.appengine.ext import db from models import Profile import logging #from accounts.views import profile # Create your views here. def login_view(request): user = users.get_current_user() profile = db.GqlQuery("SELECT * FROM Profile WHERE account = :1", users.get_current_user()) logging.info(profile) logging.info(user) if profile: return HttpResponse("Congratulations Your profile is already created.") else: return HttpResponse("Sorry Your profile is NOT created.") My model object is Profile defined as follows: class Profile(db.Model): first_name = db.StringProperty() last_name = db.StringProperty() gender = db.StringProperty(choices=set(["Male", "Female"])) account = db.UserProperty(required = True) friends = db.ListProperty(item_type=users.User) last_login = db.DateTimeProperty(required=True) Thanks for the help.

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  • SQLAlchemy: an efficient/better select by primary keys?

    - by hadrien
    Yet another newbie question.. Let's say I have an user table in declarative mode: class User(Base): __tablename__ = 'user' id = Column(u'id', Integer(), primary_key=True) name = Column(u'name', String(50)) When I have a list of users identifiers, I fetch them from db with: user_ids = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] users = Session.query(User).filter(User.id.in_(user_ids)).all() I dislike using in_ because I think I learned it has bad performance on indexed fields (is that true/false?). Anyway, is there a better way doing that query? Thanks!

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  • Saving a Django form to a csv file

    - by Oli
    I have a Django form that is working fine. I'd like to save the data it submits to a CSV file. Is there a "best practice" way to do this? I need to include blank fields in the CSV file where the user has not filled in a "required=False" field

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  • MemoryError when running Numpy Meshgrid

    - by joaoc
    I have 8823 data points with x,y coordinates. I'm trying to follow the answer on how to get a scatter dataset to be represented as a heatmap but when I go through the X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y) instruction with my data arrays I get MemoryError. I am new to numpy and matplotlib and am essentially trying to run this by adapting the examples I can find. Here's how I built my arrays from a file that has them stored: XY_File = open ('XY_Output.txt', 'r') XY = XY_File.readlines() XY_File.close() Xf=[] Yf=[] for line in XY: Xf.append(float(line.split('\t')[0])) Yf.append(float(line.split('\t')[1])) x=array(Xf) y=array(Yf) Is there a problem with my arrays? This same code worked when put into this example but I'm not too sure. Why am I getting this MemoryError and how can I fix this?

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  • how to capture the right click event using getMouse()

    - by Leyond
    I am trying to use graphics.py to write a user graphics interface. The problem is that how can I capture the right click event? It seems that the function getMouse() could just returns where the mouse was left-clicked as a Point object. from graphics import * def main(): win = GraphWin("My Circle", 100, 100) c = Circle(Point(50,50), 10) c.draw(win) win.getMouse() # pause for click in window win.close() main() I want to know how can I capture the right-click event in the window, thanks.

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  • testing existing attribute of a @classmethod function, yields AttributeError

    - by alex
    i have a function which is a class method, and i want to test a attribute of the class which may or may not be None, but will exist always. class classA(): def __init__(self, var1, var2 = None): self.attribute1 = var1 self.attribute2 = var2 @classmethod def func(self,x): if self.attribute2 is None: do something i get the error AttributeError: class classA has no attribute 'attributeB' when i access the attribute like i showed but if on command line i can see it works, x = classA() x.attributeB is None True so the test works. if i remove the @classmethod decorator from func, the problem disapears. if i leave the @classmethod decorator, it only seems to affect variables which are supplied default values in the super-class's constructor. whats going on in the above code?

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  • How to execute machine language from memory?

    - by Mike Curry
    I wrote a program to compile a simple text program to a compiled executable... Is it possible that I can load an executable to memory an some how point a pc counter to the memory space at will? Here is what I made that I would like to store the programs to memory for execution on demand... Kind of wanting to make a little web language like php but compile it... Just for learning. http://spiceycurry.blogspot.com/2010/05/simple-compilable-programming-language.html

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