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  • Numpy array, how to select indices satisfying multiple conditions?

    - by Bob
    Suppose I have a numpy array x = [5, 2, 3, 1, 4, 5], y = ['f', 'o', 'o', 'b', 'a', 'r']. I want to select the elements in y corresponding to elements in x that are greater than 1 and less than 5. I tried x = array([5, 2, 3, 1, 4, 5]) y = array(['f','o','o','b','a','r']) output = y[x > 1 & x < 5] # desired output is ['o','o','b','a'] but this doesn't work. How would I do this?

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  • Elegant Disjunctive Normal Form in Django

    - by Mike
    Let's say I've defined this model: class Identifier(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(User) key = models.CharField(max_length=64) value = models.CharField(max_length=255) Each user will have multiple identifiers, each with a key and a value. I am 100% sure I want to keep the design like this, there are external reasons why I'm doing it that I won't go through here, so I'm not interested in changing this. I'd like to develop a function of this sort: def get_users_by_identifiers(**kwargs): # something goes here return users The function will return all users that have one of the key=value pairs specified in **kwargs. Here's an example usage: get_users_by_identifiers(a=1, b=2) This should return all users for whom a=1 or b=2. I've noticed that the way I've set this up, this amounts to a disjunctive normal form...the SQL query would be something like: SELECT DISTINCT(user_id) FROM app_identifier WHERE (key = "a" AND value = "1") OR (key = "b" AND value = "2") ... I feel like there's got to be some elegant way to take the **kwargs input and do a Django filter on it, in just 1-2 lines, to produce this result. I'm new to Django though, so I'm just not sure how to do it. Here's my function now, and I'm completely sure it's not the best way to do it :) def get_users_by_identifiers(**identifiers): users = [] for key, value in identifiers.items(): for identifier in Identifier.objects.filter(key=key, value=value): if not identifier.user in users: users.append(identifier.user) return users Any ideas? :) Thanks!

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  • How to achieve interaction between GUI class with logic class

    - by volting
    Im new to GUI programming, and haven't done much OOP. Im working on a basic calculator app to help me learn GUI design and to brush up on OOP. I understand that anything GUI related should be kept seperate from the logic, but Im unsure how to implement interaction between logic an GUI classes when needed i.e. basically passing variables back and forth... Im using TKinter and when I pass a tkinter variable to my logic it only seems to hold the string PY_VAR0. def on_equal_btn_click(self): self.entryVariable.set(self.entryVariable.get() + "=") calculator = Calc(self.entryVariable) self.entryVariable.set(calculator.calculate()) Im sure that im probably doing something fundamentally wrong and probabaly really stupid, I spent a considerable amount of time experimenting (and searching for answers online) but Im getting no where. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks, V The Full Program (well just enough to show the structure..) import Tkinter class Gui(Tkinter.Tk): def __init__(self,parent): Tkinter.Tk.__init__(self,parent) self.parent = parent self.initialize() def initialize(self): self.grid() self.create_widgets() """ grid config """ #self.grid_columnconfigure(0,weight=1,pad=0) self.resizable(False, False) def create_widgets(self): """row 0 of grid""" """Create Text Entry Box""" self.entryVariable = Tkinter.StringVar() self.entry = Tkinter.Entry(self,width=30,textvariable=self.entryVariable) self.entry.grid(column=0,row=0, columnspan = 3 ) self.entry.bind("<Return>", self.on_press_enter) """create equal button""" equal_btn = Tkinter.Button(self,text="=",width=4,command=self.on_equal_btn_click) equal_btn.grid(column=3, row=0) """row 1 of grid""" """create number 1 button""" number1_btn = Tkinter.Button(self,text="1",width=8,command=self.on_number1_btn_click) number1_btn.grid(column=0, row=1) . . . def on_equal_btn_click(self): self.entryVariable.set(self.entryVariable.get() + "=") calculator = Calc(self.entryVariable) self.entryVariable.set(calculator.calculate()) class Calc(): def __init__(self, equation): self.equation = equation def calculate(self): #TODO: parse string and calculate... return self.equation if __name__ == "__main__": app = Gui(None) app.title('Calculator') app.mainloop()

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  • SQLAlchemy Mapping problem

    - by asdvalkn
    Dear Everyone, I am trying to sqlalchemy to correctly map my data. Note that a unified group is basically a group of groups. (One unifiedGroup maps to many groups but each group can only map to one ug). So basically this is the definition of my unifiedGroups: CREATE TABLE `unifiedGroups` ( `ugID` INT AUTO_INCREMENT, `gID` INT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY(`ugID`, `gID`), KEY( `gID`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ; Note that each row is a ugID, gID tuple. ( I do not know before hand how many gID is per ugID so this is probably the most sensible and simplest method). Definition for my UnifiedGroup class class UnifiedGroup(object): """UnifiedProduct behaves very much like a group """ def __init__(self, ugID): self.ugID=ugID #Added by mapping self.groups=False def __str__(self): return '<%s:%s>' % (self.ugID, ','.join( [g for g in self.groups])) These are my mapping tables: tb_groupsInfo = Table( 'groupsInfo', metadata, Column('gID', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('gName', String(128)), ) tb_unifiedGroups = Table( 'unifiedGroups', metadata, Column('ugID', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('gID', Integer, ForeignKey('groupsInfo.gID')), ) My mapper maps in the following manner: mapper( UnifiedGroup, tb_unifiedGroups, properties={ 'groups': relation( Group, backref='unifiedGroup') }) However, when I tried to do groupInstance.unifiedGroup, I am getting an empty list [], while groupInstance.unifiedGroup.groups returns me an error: AttributeError: 'InstrumentedList' object has no attribute 'groups' Traceback (most recent call last): File "Mapping.py", line 119, in <module> print p.group.unifiedGroup.groups AttributeError: 'InstrumentedList' object has no attribute 'groups' What is wrong?

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  • Modify passed, nested dict/list

    - by Gerenuk
    I was thinking of writing a function to normalize some data. A simple approach is def normalize(l, aggregate=sum, norm_by=operator.truediv): aggregated=aggregate(l) for i in range(len(l)): l[i]=norm_by(l[i], aggregated) l=[1,2,3,4] normalize(l) l -> [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4] However for nested lists and dicts where I want to normalize over an inner index this doesnt work. I mean I'd like to get l=[[1,100],[2,100],[3,100],[4,100]] normalize(l, ?? ) l -> [[0.1,100],[0.2,100],[0.3,100],[0.4,100]] Any ideas how I could implement such a normalize function? Maybe it would be crazy cool to write normalize(l[...][0]) Is it possible to make this work?? Or any other ideas? Also not only lists but also dict could be nested. Hmm... EDIT: I just found out that numpy offers such a syntax (for lists however). Anyone know how I would implement the ellipsis trick myself?

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  • Serving large generated files using Google App Engine?

    - by John Carter
    Hiya, Presently I have a GAE app that does some offline processing (backs up a user's data), and generates a file that's somewhere in the neighbourhood of 10 - 100 MB. I'm not sure of the best way to serve this file to the user. The two options I'm considering are: Adding some code to the offline processing code that 'spoofs' it as a form upload to the blob store, and going thru the normal blobstore process to serve the file. Having the offline processing code store the file somewhere off of GAE, and serving it from there. Is there a much better approach I'm overlooking? I'm guessing this is functionality that isn't well suited to GAE. I had thought of storing in the datastore as db.Text or Dd.Blob but there I encounter the 1 MB limit. Any input would be appreciated,

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  • Django: What's the correct way to get the requesting IP address?

    - by swisstony
    I'm trying to develop an app using Django 1.1 on Webfaction. I'd like to get the IP address of the incoming request, but when I use request.META['REMOTE_ADDR'] it returns 127.0.0.1. There seems to be a number of different ways of getting the address, such as using HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR or plugging in some middleware called SetRemoteAddrFromForwardedFor. Just wondering what the best approach was?

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  • Use Twisted's getPage as urlopen?

    - by RadiantHex
    Hi folks, I would like to use Twisted non-blocking getPage method within a webapp, but it feels quite complicated to use such function compared to urlopen. This is an example of what I'm trying to achive: def web_request(request): response = urllib.urlopen('http://www.example.org') return HttpResponse(len(response.read())) Is it so hard to have something similar with getPage?

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  • How do I make BeautifulSoup parse the contents of textarea tags as HTML?

    - by brofield
    Before 3.0.5, BeautifulSoup used to treat the contents of <textarea as HTML. It now treats it as text. The document I am parsing has HTML inside the textarea tags, and I am trying to process it. I've tried: for textarea in soup.findAll('textarea'): contents = BeautifulSoup.BeautifulSoup(textarea.contents) textarea.replaceWith(contents.html(text=True)) But I'm getting errors. I can't find this in the documentation, and the alternative parsers aren't helping. Anyone know how I can parse the textareas as HTML?

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  • How to sort a Pandas DataFrame according to multiple criteria?

    - by user1715271
    I have the following DataFrame containing song names, their peak chart positions and the number of weeks they spent at position no 1: Song Peak Weeks 76 Paperback Writer 1 16 117 Lady Madonna 1 9 118 Hey Jude 1 27 22 Can't Buy Me Love 1 17 29 A Hard Day's Night 1 14 48 Ticket To Ride 1 14 56 Help! 1 17 109 All You Need Is Love 1 16 173 The Ballad Of John And Yoko 1 13 85 Eleanor Rigby 1 14 87 Yellow Submarine 1 14 20 I Want To Hold Your Hand 1 24 45 I Feel Fine 1 15 60 Day Tripper 1 12 61 We Can Work It Out 1 12 10 She Loves You 1 36 155 Get Back 1 6 8 From Me To You 1 7 115 Hello Goodbye 1 7 2 Please Please Me 2 20 92 Strawberry Fields Forever 2 12 93 Penny Lane 2 13 107 Magical Mystery Tour 2 16 176 Let It Be 2 14 0 Love Me Do 4 26 157 Something 4 9 166 Come Together 4 10 58 Yesterday 8 21 135 Back In The U.S.S.R. 19 3 164 Here Comes The Sun 58 19 96 Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band 63 12 105 With A Little Help From My Friends 63 7 I'd like to rank these songs in order of popularity, so I'd like to sort them according to the following criteria: songs that reached the highest position come first, but if there is a tie, the songs that remained in the charts for the longest come first. I can't seem to figure out how to do this in Pandas.

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  • Element not found blocks execution in Selenium

    - by Mariano
    In my test, I try to verify if certain text exists (after an action) using find_element_by_xpath. If I use the right expression and my test pass, the routine ends correctly in no time. However if I try a wrong text (meaning that the test will fail) it hangs forever and I have to kill the script otherwise it does not end. Here is my test (the expression Thx user, client or password you entered is incorrect does not exist in the system, no matter what the user does): # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import gettext import unittest from selenium import webdriver class TestWrongLogin(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.driver = webdriver.Firefox() self.driver.get("http://10.23.1.104:8888/") # let's check the language try: self.lang = self.driver.execute_script("return navigator.language;") self.lang = self.lang("-")[0] except: self.lang = "en" language = gettext.translation('app', '/app/locale', [self.lang], fallback=True) language.install() self._ = gettext.gettext def tearDown(self): self.driver.quit() def test_wrong_client(self): # test wrong client inputElement = self.driver.find_element_by_name("login") inputElement.send_keys("root") inputElement = self.driver.find_element_by_name("client") inputElement.send_keys("Unleash") inputElement = self.driver.find_element_by_name("password") inputElement.send_keys("qwerty") self.driver.find_element_by_name("form.submitted").click() # wait for the db answer self.driver.implicitly_wait(10) ret = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath( "//*[contains(.,'{0}')]".\ format(self._(u"Thx user, client or password you entered is incorrect"))) self.assertTrue(isinstance(ret, webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement)) if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main() Why does it do that and how can I prevent it?

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  • Divide numpy array

    - by BandGap
    Hi all I have some data represented in a 1300x1341 matrix. I would like to split this matrix in several pieces (e.g. 9) so that I can loop over and process them. The data needs to stay ordered in the sense that x[0,1] stays below (or above if you like) x[0,0] and besides x[1,1]. Just like if you had imaged the data, you could draw 2 vertical and 2 horizontal lines over the image to illustrate the 9 parts. If I use numpys reshape (eg. matrix.reshape(9,260,745) or any other combination of 9,260,745) it doesn't yield the required structure since the above mentioned ordering is lost... Did I misunderstand the reshape method or can it be done this way? What other pythonic/numpy way is there to do this?

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  • error in fetching url data

    - by Rahul s
    from google.appengine.ext import webapp from google.appengine.ext.webapp import util from google.appengine.ext import db from google.appengine.api import urlfetch class TrakHtml(db.Model): hawb = db.StringProperty(required=False) htmlData = db.TextProperty() class MainHandler(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self): Traks = list() Traks.append('93332134') #Traks.append('91779831') #Traks.append('92782244') #Traks.append('38476214') for st in Traks : trak = TrakHtml() trak.hawb = st url = 'http://etracking.cevalogistics.com/eTrackResultsMulti.aspx?sv='+st result = urlfetch.fetch(url) self.response.out.write(result.read()) trak.htmlData = result.read() trak.put() result.read() is not giving whole file , it giving some portion. trak.htmlData is a textproparty() so it have to store whole file and i want that only

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  • Django: Extending User Model - Inline User fields in UserProfile

    - by Jack Sparrow
    Is there a way to display User fields under a form that adds/edits a UserProfile model? I am extending default Django User model like this: class UserProfile(models.Model): user = models.OneToOneField(User, unique=True) about = models.TextField(blank=True) I know that it is possible to make a: class UserProfileInlineAdmin(admin.TabularInline): and then inline this in User ModelAdmin but I want to achieve the opposite effect, something like inverse inlining, displaying the fields of the model pointed by the OneToOne Relationship (User) in the page of the model defining the relationship (UserProfile). I don't care if it would be in the admin or in a custom view/template. I just need to know how to achieve this. I've been struggling with ModelForms and Formsets, I know the answer is somewhere there, but my little experience in Django doesn't allow me to come up with the solution yet. A little example would be really helpful!

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  • Encrypt file using M2Crypto

    - by Bear
    It is known that I can read the whole file content in memory and encrypt it using the following code. contents = fin.read() cipher = M2Crypto.EVP.Cipher(alg="aes_128_cbc", key = aes_key, iv = aes_iv, op = 1) encryptedContents = cipher.update(contents) encryptedContents += cipher.final() But what if the file size is large, is there a way for me to pass the input stream to M2Crypto instead of reading the whole file first?

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  • gae error:AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'user_is_member'

    - by zjm1126
    class Thread(db.Model): members = db.StringListProperty() def user_is_member(self, user): return str(user) in self.members and thread = Thread.get(db.Key.from_path('Thread', int(id))) is_member = thread.user_is_member(user) but the error is : Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\ext\webapp\__init__.py", line 511, in __call__ handler.get(*groups) File "D:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\ext\webapp\util.py", line 62, in check_login handler_method(self, *args) File "D:\zjm_code\forum_blog_gae\main.py", line 222, in get is_member = thread.user_is_member(user) AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'user_is_member' why ? thanks

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  • How to create a non-persistent Elixir/SQLAlchemy object?

    - by siebert
    Hi, because of legacy data which is not available in the database but some external files, I want to create a SQLAlchemy object which contains data read from the external files, but isn't written to the database if I execute session.flush() My code looks like this: try: return session.query(Phone).populate_existing().filter(Phone.mac == ident).one() except: return self.createMockPhoneFromLicenseFile(ident) def createMockPhoneFromLicenseFile(self, ident): # Some code to read necessary data from file deleted.... phone = Phone() phone.mac = foo phone.data = bar phone.state = "Read from legacy file" phone.purchaseOrderPosition = self.getLegacyOrder(ident) # SQLAlchemy magic doesn't seem to work here, probably because we don't insert the created # phone object into the database. So we set the id fields manually. phone.order_id = phone.purchaseOrderPosition.order_id phone.order_position_id = phone.purchaseOrderPosition.order_position_id return phone Everything works fine except that on a session.flush() executed later in the application SQLAlchemy tries to write the created Phone object to the database (which fortunatly doesn't succeed, because phone.state is longer than the data type allows), which breaks the function which issues the flush. Is there any way to prevent SQLAlchemy from trying to write such an object? Ciao, Steffen

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  • What is an efficient way to erase substrings?

    - by Legend
    I have a long string and a set of <end-index, string> list like the following: long_sentence = "This is a long long long long sentence" indices = [[6, "is"], [8, "is a"], [18, "long"], [23, "long"]] An element 6, "is" indicates that 6 is the end index of the word "is" in the string. I want to get the following string in the end: >> print long_sentence This .... long ......... long sentence" I tried an approach like this: temp = long_sentence for i in indices: temp = temp[:int(i[0]) - len(i[1])] + '.'*(len(i[1])+1) + temp[i[0]+1:] While this seems to be working, it is taking exceptionally long time (more than 6 hours on 5000 strings inside a 300 MB file). Is there a way to speed this up?

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  • Possible to change function name in definition?

    - by Bird Jaguar IV
    I tried several ways to change the function name in the definition, but they failed. >>> def f(): pass >>> f.__name__ 'f' >>> def f(): f.__name__ = 'new name' >>> f.__name__ 'f' >>> def f(): self.__name__ = 'new name' >>> f.__name__ 'f' But I can change the name attribute after defining it. >>> def f(): pass >>> f.__name__ = 'new name' >>> f.__name__ 'new name' Any way to change/set it in the definition (other than using a decorator)?

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  • manyToManyField question

    - by dotty
    Hay guys, I'm writing a simple app which logs recipes. I'm working out my models and have stumbled across a problem My Dish models needs to have many Ingredients. This is no problem because i would do something like this ingredients = models.ManyToManyfield(Ingredient) No problems, my dish now can have many ingrendients. However, the problem is that the ingredient needs to come in different quantities. I.E 4 eggs, 7 tablespoons sugar My Ingredient Model is very simple at the moment class Ingredient(models.Model): name = models.TextField(blank=False) slug = models.SlugField(blank=True) How would i go about work out this problem? What fields would i need to add, would i need to use a 'through' attribute on my ManyToManyfield to solve this problem?

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  • better way of handling nested list

    - by laspal
    Hi, I have list my_list = [ [1,2,3,4,5,6], [1,3,4],[34,56,56,56]] for item in my_list: var1,var2,var3,var4,var5,var6 = None if len(item) ==1: var1 = item[0] if len(item) == 2: var1 = item[0] var2 = item[1] if len(item) == 3: var1 = item[0] var2 = item[1] var3 = item[2] if len(item) == 4: var1 = item[0] var2 = item[1] var3 = item[2] var4 = item[3] fun(var1,var2,var3,var4,var5,var6) I have a function def fun(var1, var2 = None, var3 = None, var4 = None, var5=None, var6= None) Depending upon the values in my inner list. I am passing it to function. I hope I made it clear. Thanks

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  • problem on strings, tuple strings

    - by suresh
    Write a function, called constrainedMatchPair which takes three arguments: a tuple representing starting points for the first substring, a tuple representing starting points for the second substring, and the length of the first substring. The function should return a tuple of all members (call it n) of the first tuple for which there is an element in the second tuple (call it k) such that n+m+1 = k, where m is the length of the first substring. Complete the definition def constrainedMatchPair(firstMatch,secondMatch,length):

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