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• Editing a command-line argument to create a new variable

  - by user1883614

  I have a bash script called test.sh that uses command-line argument: lynx -dump $1 > $name".txt" But I need name to be created from the argument by specific keywords in the argument. An example is: http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2412941,00.asp http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2412919,00.asp Both are two separate articles but are the difference can only be seen in those 12 characters. How do I create a variable from a url for those 12 characters? So that when I run test.sh in Terminal: ./test.sh http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2412941,00.asp there is a text file saved as 0,2817,2412941,00?

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• What does /dev/null mean in a shell script?

  - by rishiag

  I've started learning bash scripting by using this guide: http://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/abs-guide.pdf However I got stuck at the first script: cd /var/log cat /dev/null > messages cat /dev/null > wtmp echo "Log files cleaned up." What do lines 2 and 3 do in Ubuntu (I understand cat)? Is it only for other Linux distributions? After running this script as root, the output I get is Log files cleaned up. But /var/log still contains all the files.

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• Is there a way to mirror directory changes in Terminator?

  - by Kasisnu

  I'm on Ubuntu 12.04 and am using Terminator as my primary terminal. I like it because it lets me keep a python interpreter and bash terminal open at the same time, in the same view. What is annoying is that I end up moving between directories A LOT, and then I have to do it twice. Is there a way to set up a terminator configuration to do that? To have terminator mirror directory changes. I'm guessing I'm not the only one that finds that frustrating!

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• Are "backwards" terminators for if and case unique to shell scripting?

  - by tomjakubowski

  In bash at least, if and case blocks are closed like this: if some-expr then echo "hello world" fi case $some-var in [1-5]) do-a-thing ;; *) do-another-thing esac as opposed to the more typical close of end or endif/endcase. As far as I know, this rather funny convention is unique to shell scripting and I have never seen such an odd block terminator anywhere else. Sometimes things like this have an origin in another language (like Ruby's elsif coming from Perl), or a strange justification. Does this feature of shell scripting have a story behind it? Is it found in other languages?

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• Print out the amount of times 2 words appear in the syslog. But also have it tell me how many times for each hour

  - by wolfspinone

  So I'm trying to create a bash script that looks for two words in my syslog file. Then I want the script to print out how many times those two words have appeared. Also I want it to print it out for every hour of the day. So like if the word dog appeared 4 times during the first hour of today, it says Hour one, dog 4. Finally at the end of the script I want it to print out how many times those words appeared all day. The sudo code I have thus far is if 2 > hour find permit find block print both finish if 1 < hour < 2 find permit find block print both finish if 2 < hour < 3 find permit find block print both finish command is grep -o "\WORD\" Syslog.txt * | sort | uniq -c

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• -ln links to wrong file

  - by user289075

  I've just installed matlab and want to be able to call it from the terminal. It works fine when I explicitly call it from its directory. I cd to /usr/local/bin and type sudo ln -s /usr/local/MATLAB/R2012a/bin/matlab matlab when I then type "matlab" in the terminal, I get the error message "bash: /media/OS/MATLAB/bin/matlab: No such file or directory" I have no idea why it's trying to call matlab from /media. I've tried deleting the file from usr/local/bin but when I create it again the same thing happens. Any help would be very much appreciated.

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• Bash Shell; read command; using Cygwin on Windows 7

  - by user312397

  Okay so I am having this problem. I write up a script to be run in cygwin on Windows. I've tried a bunch of basic example scripts in case it was my scripts problem. So I tried this: #!/bin/bash echo -e "Enter your name and press [ENTER]: \c" read var_name echo "Your name is: $var_name" Then I will run it and I enter a name for var_name. I get this: $ ./project1.sh Enter your name and press [ENTER]: Jake ': not a valid identifierad: `var_name Your name is: So as far as I understand it I am having a problem with read. I am trying to work on a project for my class, but I can't seem to figure out why it won't read it. I followed the book with no triumph then resorted to these examples on the web that do not seem to work for me either. Does anyone have any idea if it is my setup or if I am missing something, thanks.

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• "tailing" a binary file based on string location using bash?

  - by ilitirit

  I've got a bunch of binary files, each containing an embedded string near the end of the file but at different places (only occurs once in each file). I need to extract the part of the file starting at the location of the string till the end of the file and dump it into a new file. eg. If the file's contents is "AWREDEDEDEXXXERESSDSDS" and the string of interest is "XXX", then the part of the file I need is "XXXERESSDSDS". What's the easiest way to do this in bash?

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• How netbeans installation file (bash file) contains Java code?

  - by Daziplqa

  Hi folks, I wonder, how a bash file can contain a Java code that is responsible about the installation of netbeans IDE which is as known is a Java based program? this is the case of netbeans: $ file netbeans-6.8-ml-java-linux.sh netbeans-6.8-ml-java-linux.sh: POSIX shell script text executable $ more netbeans-6.8-ml-java-linux.sh #!/bin/sh # # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS HEADER. # # Copyright 1997-2007 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved. How this can happen?

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• Using a filename with spaces with scp and chmod in bash.

  - by speciousfool

  Periodically, I like to put files in the /tmp directory of my webserver to share out. What is annoying is that I must set the permissions whenever I scp the files. Following the advice from another question I've written a script which copies the file over, sets the permissions and then prints the URL: #!/bin/bash scp "$1" SERVER:"/var/www/tmp/$1" ssh SERVER chmod 644 "/var/www/tmp/$1" echo "URL is: http://SERVER/tmp/$1" When I replace SERVER with my actual host, everything works as expected...until I execute the script with an argument including spaces. Although I suspect the solution might be to use $@ I've not yet figured out how to get a spaced filename to work.

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• Calling linux utilities with options from within a Bash script.

  - by Kyle

  This is my first Bash script so forgive me if this question is trivial. I need to count the number of files within a specified directory $HOME/.junk. I thought this would be simple and assumed the following would work: numfiles= find $HOME/.junk -type f | wc -l echo "There are $numfiles files in the .junk directory." Typing find $HOME/.junk -type f | wc -l at the command line works exactly how I expected it to, simply returning the number of files. Why is this not working when it is entered within my script? Am I missing some special notation when it comes to passing options to the utilities? Thank you very much for your time and help.

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• How do I use a variable argument number in a bash script?

  - by Corbin Tarrant

  #!/bin/bash # Script to output the total size of requested filetype recursively # Error out if no file types were provided if [ $# -lt 1 ] then echo "Syntax Error, Please provide at least one type, ex: sizeofTypes {filetype1} {filetype2}" exit 0 fi #set first filetype types="-name *."$1 #loop through additional filetypes and append num=1 while [ $num -lt $# ] do (( num++ )) types=$types' -o -name *.'$$num done echo "TYPES="$types find . -name '*.'$1 | xargs du -ch *.$1 | grep total The problem I'm having is right here: #loop through additional filetypes and append num=1 while [ $num -lt $# ] do (( num++ )) types=$types' -o -name *.'>>$$num<< done I simply want to iterate over all the arguments not including the first one, should be easy enough, but I'm having a difficult time figuring out how to make this work

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• Why does sh/bash set command line parameter values when trying to set environment variable?

  - by Touko

  A question on basics : While tuning environment variables for a program launched from a script, I ended up with somewhat strange behaviour with sh (which seems to be actually linked to bash) : variable setting seems to mess up with command-line parameters. Could somebody explain why does this happen? A simple script: #! /bin/sh # Messes with $1 ?? set ANT_OPTS=-Xmx512M export ANT_OPTS # Works # export ANT_OPTS=-Xmx512M echo "0 = $0" echo "1 = $1" When I run this with the upper alternative (set + export), the result is as following: $ ./test.sh foo 0 = ./test.sh 1 = ANT_OPTS=-Xmx512M But with lower alternative (export straight), the result is as I supposed: $ ./test.sh foo 0 = ./test.sh 1 = foo There is surely logical explanation, I just haven't figured it out yet. Somebody who does have idea? br, Touko

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• How do I redirect stdin/stdout when I have a sequence of commands in Bash?

  - by Tom

  I've currently got a Bash command being executed (via Python's subprocess::Popen) which is reading from stdin, doing something and outputing to stdout. Something along the lines of: pid = subprocess.Popen( ["-c", "cmd1 | cmd2"], stdin = subprocess.PIPE, stdout = subprocess.PIPE, shell =True ) output_data = pid.communicate( "input data\n" ) Now, what I want to do is to change that to execute another command in that same subshell that will alter the state before the next commands execute, so my shell command line will now (conceptually) be: cmd0; cmd1 | cmd2 Is there any way to have the input sent to cmd1 instead of cmd0 in this scenario? I'm assuming the output will include cmd0's output (which will be empty) followed by cmd2's output. cmd0 shouldn't actually read anything from stdin, does that make a difference in this situation? I know this is probably just a dumb way of doing this, I'm trying to patch in cmd0 without altering the other code too significantly. That said, I'm open to suggestions if there's a much cleaner way to approach this.

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• How do I set a variable inside a bash for loop?

  - by Isaac Moore

  I need to set a variable inside of a bash for loop, which for some reason, is not working for me. Here is an excerpt of my script: function unlockBoxAll { appdir=$(grep -i "CutTheRope.app" /tmp/App_list.tmp) for lvl in {0..24} key="UNLOCKED_$box_$lvl" plutil -key "$key" -value "1" "$appdir/../Library/Preferences/com.chillingo.cuttherope.plist" 2>&1> /dev/null successCheck=$(plutil -key "$key" "$appdir/../Library/Preferences/com.chillingo.cuttherope.plist") if [ "$successCheck" -eq "1" ]; then echo "Success! " else echo "Failed: Key is $successCheck " fi done } As you can see, I try to write to a variable inside the loop with: key="UNLOCKED_$box_$lvl" But when I do that, I get this: /usr/bin/cutTheRope.sh: line 23: syntax error near unexpected token `key="UNLOCKED_$box_$lvl"' /usr/bin/cutTheRope.sh: line 23: `key="UNLOCKED_$box_$lvl"' What am I not doing right? Is there another way to do this? Please help, thanks.

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• How can the last command's wall time be put in the Bash prompt?

  - by Mr Fooz

  Is there a way to embed the last command's elapsed wall time in a Bash prompt? I'm hoping for something that would look like this: [last: 0s][/my/dir]$ sleep 10 [last: 10s][/my/dir]$ Background I often run long data-crunching jobs and it's useful to know how long they've taken so I can estimate how long it will take for future jobs. For very regular tasks, I go ahead and record this information rigorously using appropriate logging techniques. For less-formal tasks, I'll just prepend the command with time. It would be nice to automatically "time" every single interactive command and have the timing information printed in a few characters rather than 3 lines.

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• The best way to ensure only 1 copy of bash script is running?

  - by depesz

  What is the simplest/best way to ensure only 1 copy of given script is running - assuming it's bash on linux? At the moment I'm doing: ps -C script.name.sh > /dev/null 2>&1 || ./script.name.sh but it has several issues: it puts the check outside of script it doesn't let me run the same script from separate accounts - which I would like sometimes. -C checks only first 14 characters of process name Of course I can write my own pidfile handling, but I sense that there should be some simple way to do it.

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• Why does this bash command take up all space on device?

  - by chelmertz

  Hey! I'm a little new on searching via bash, so feel free to give me suggestions on the methods to use instead of this, which I'll never use again :) I'm searching for occurances of a string, recursively in a directory, with ~50 not-that-large php-files in it; some in current directory, some in directories beneath current dir, three levels of directories down at most. The method I'm using is: find . | xargs grep "module" > module.txt When in simple (one level) directories, this works fine, but in this case, the file became 4 GB large until it filled up all space on the partition :) It wasn't even done yet.. Would someone educate me so I won't embarass myself again?

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• BASH Expression to replace beginning and ending of a string in one operation?

  - by swestrup

  Here's a simple problem that's been bugging me for some time. I often find I have a number of input files in some directory, and I want to construct output file names by replacing beginning and ending portions. For example, given this: source/foo.c source/bar.c source/foo_bar.c I often end up writing BASH expressions like: for f in source/*.c; do a="obj/${f##*/}" b="${a%.*}.obj" process "$f" "$b" done to generate the commands process "source/foo.c" "obj/foo.obj" process "source/bar.c "obj/bar.obj" process "source/foo_bar.c "obj/foo_bar.obj" The above works, but its a lot wordier than I like, and I would prefer to avoid the temporary variables. Ideally there would be some command that could replace the beginning and ends of a string in one shot, so that I could just write something like: for f in source/*.c; do process "$f" "obj/${f##*/%.*}.obj"; done Of course, the above doesn't work. Does anyone know something that will? I'm just trying to save myself some typing here.

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• In BASH how can i find my system on active internet interface, what is the upload speed?

  - by YumYumYum

  I am trying to write an TUI bandwidth trace application which on query can instantly tell me, that my download and upload speed is XXXX. I have figured out that download i can use with wget and parse it using BASH, but how do i get the upload speed? Example of download parse method: 1) Remote download : wget http://x.x.com:7007/files/software/vnc.zip Length: 1594344 (1.5M) [application/zip] Saving to: `vnc.zip' 100%[==================================================================>] 1,594,344 573K/s in 2.7s 2012-03-24 11:35:22 (573 KB/s) - `vnc.zip' saved [1594344/1594344] 2) Local download tells Length: 1594344 (1.5M) [application/zip] Saving to: `vnc.zip' 100%[==================================================================>] 1,594,344 --.-K/s in 0.1s 2012-03-24 06:43:04 (11.4 MB/s) - `vnc.zip' saved [1594344/1594344]

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• How to Grab MAC Address of Active Ethernet Connection in Bash Script?

  - by Huy Tran

  Simple Question: How do I grab the MAC address of the active Ethernet connection in a bash script? I currently have: set - `/sbin/ifconfig eth0 | head -1` MAC=$5 Which outputs the MAC address of the eth0, but if it's eth1 that's active, I want that instead. Could I beforehand execute ifconfig | grep inet but that wouldn't tell me which interface is active, just that one is active. I need to grab the line above it to tell me which one is the active connection. Any help would be much appreciated. Thank you!

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• Bash: any command to replace strings in text files?

  - by mikez302

  I have a hierarchy of directories containing many text files. I would like to search for a particular text string every time it comes up in one of the files, and replace it with another string. For example, I may want to replace every occurrence of the string "Coke" with "Pepsi". Does anyone know how to do this? I am wondering if there is some sort of Bash command that can do this without having to load all these files in an editor, or come up with a more complex script to do it. I found this page explaining a trick using sed, but it doesn't seem to work in files in subdirectories.

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• Save user names on .txt file witch username is listed in /etc/passwd file. Bash

  - by user1448637

  well my goal is to make bash script to check if the username exist in /etc/passwd, if true i want to add it to the users.txt file. i am not really good at UNIX programming so i hope somebody help me. while(get to the end of /etc/passwd){ name=$(cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1); num1=$(cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f3); num2=$(cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f4); if(num1==num2) /*i compare argv[0] with $name */ /* if true i=1 */ } if(i==1) save folowing string "argv[0]=agrv[1]" else "error message"

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• Any tips on switching from bash to zsh if often using shell inside of emacs?

  - by justingordon

  Related to this question: Advantages and disadvantages between zsh and emacs' (e)shell, I've read some great things about zsh, when using M-x shell, my familiar emacs shell seemed like it would need some customizations. I also use evil-mode in shell mode, so that means I use vi keystrokes for shell editing. Took a little while to get accustomed to this, but I really like it. Any advice or tips on going from bash to zsh if one uses emacs? Or better off adding the file completion mentioned in this question: Worth switching to zsh for casual use?.

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• What is the best, python or bash for selectively concatenating lots of files?

  - by Werner

  Hi, I have around 20000 files coming from the output of some program, and their names follow the format: data1.txt data2.txt ... data99.txt data100.txt ... data999.txt data1000.txt ... data20000.txt I would like to write a script that gets as input argument the number N. Then it makes blocks of N concatenated files, so if N=5, it would make the following new files: data_new_1.txt: it would contain (concatenated) data1.txt to data5.txt (like cat data1.txt data2.txt ... data_new_1.txt ) data_new_2.txt: it would contain (concatenated) data6.txt to data10.txt ..... I wonder what do you think would be the best approach to do this, whether bash, python or another one like awk, perl, etc. The best approach I mean in terms of simplest code. Thanks

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