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• What does it mean when we say Hashtable or Vector is synchronized?

  - by zengr

  The questions says it all, just wondering, in an interview, what would you say when they ask you, "What does it practically mean by Hashtable or Vectors being synchronized?"

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• Compiled Haskell libraries with FFI imports are invalid when imported into GHCI

  - by John Millikin

  I am using GHC 6.12.1, in Ubuntu 10.04 When I try to use the FFI syntax for static storage, only modules running in interpreted mode (ie GHCI) work properly. Compiled modules have invalid pointers, and do not work. I'd like to know whether anybody can reproduce the problem, whether this an error in my code or GHC, and (if the latter) whether it's a known issue. I'm using sys_siglist because it's present in a standard library on my system, but I don't believe the actual storage used matters (I discovered this while writing a binding to libidn). If it helps, sys_siglist is defined in <signal.h> as: extern __const char *__const sys_siglist[_NSIG]; I thought this type might be the problem, so I also tried wrapping it in a plain C procedure: #include<stdio.h> const char **test_ffi_import() { printf("C think sys_siglist = %X\n", sys_siglist); return sys_siglist; } However, importing that doesn't change the result, and the printf() call prints the same pointer value as show siglist_a. My suspicion is that it's something to do with static and dynamic library loading. Update: somebody in #haskell suggested this might be 64-bit specific; if anybody tries to reproduce it, can you mention your architecture and whether it worked in a comment? Code as follows: -- A.hs {-# LANGUAGE ForeignFunctionInterface #-} module A where import Foreign import Foreign.C foreign import ccall "&sys_siglist" siglist_a :: Ptr CString -- -- B.hs {-# LANGUAGE ForeignFunctionInterface #-} module B where import Foreign import Foreign.C foreign import ccall "&sys_siglist" siglist_b :: Ptr CString -- -- Main.hs {-# LANGUAGE ForeignFunctionInterface #-} module Main where import Foreign import Foreign.C import A import B foreign import ccall "&sys_siglist" siglist_main :: Ptr CString main = do putStrLn $ "siglist_a = " ++ show siglist_a putStrLn $ "siglist_b = " ++ show siglist_b putStrLn $ "siglist_main = " ++ show siglist_main peekSiglist "a " siglist_a peekSiglist "b " siglist_b peekSiglist "main" siglist_main peekSiglist name siglist = do ptr <- peekElemOff siglist 2 str <- maybePeek peekCString ptr putStrLn $ "siglist_" ++ name ++ "[2] = " ++ show str I would expect something like this output, where all pointer values identical and valid: $ runhaskell Main.hs siglist_a = 0x00007f53a948fe00 siglist_b = 0x00007f53a948fe00 siglist_main = 0x00007f53a948fe00 siglist_a [2] = Just "Interrupt" siglist_b [2] = Just "Interrupt" siglist_main[2] = Just "Interrupt" However, if I compile A.hs (with ghc -c A.hs), then the output changes to: $ runhaskell Main.hs siglist_a = 0x0000000040378918 siglist_b = 0x00007fe7c029ce00 siglist_main = 0x00007fe7c029ce00 siglist_a [2] = Nothing siglist_b [2] = Just "Interrupt" siglist_main[2] = Just "Interrupt"

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• An algorithm Problem

  - by Vignesh

  For coverage, I've a set of run time variables of from my program execution. It happens that I get it from a series of executions(Automated testing). ie. its a vector<vector<var,value>> I've a limited set of variables with expected values and generate combination s, that is I have vector<vector<var,value>(smaller than the execution vector)>. Now I need to compare and tell which of the combination I generated were exactly executed in one of the tests. My algo is O(n^4). Is there any way to bring it down. Something like set intersection. I'm using java, and vectors because of thread safety.

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• Why no switch on pointers?

  - by meeselet

  For instance: #include <stdio.h> void why_cant_we_switch_him(void *ptr) { switch (ptr) { case NULL: printf("NULL!\n"); break; default: printf("%p!\n", ptr); break; } } int main(void) { void *foo = "toast"; why_cant_we_switch_him(foo); return 0; } gcc test.c -o test test.c: In function 'why_cant_we_switch_him': test.c:5: error: switch quantity not an integer test.c:6: error: pointers are not permitted as case values Just curious. Is this a technical limitation? EDIT People seem to think there is only one constant pointer expression. Is that is really true, though? For instance, here is a common paradigm in Objective-C (it is really only C aside from NSString, id and nil, which are merely a pointers, so it is still relevant — I just wanted to point out that there is, in fact, a common use for it, despite this being only a technical question): #include <stdio.h> #include <Foundation/Foundation.h> static NSString * const kMyConstantObject = @"Foo"; void why_cant_we_switch_him(id ptr) { switch (ptr) { case kMyConstantObject: // (Note that we are comparing pointers, not string values.) printf("We found him!\n"); break; case nil: printf("He appears to be nil (or NULL, whichever you prefer).\n"); break; default: printf("%p!\n", ptr); break; } } int main(void) { NSString *foo = @"toast"; why_cant_we_switch_him(foo); foo = kMyConstantObject; why_cant_we_switch_him(foo); return 0; } gcc test.c -o test -framework Foundation test.c: In function 'why_cant_we_switch_him': test.c:5: error: switch quantity not an integer test.c:6: error: pointers are not permitted as case values It appears that the reason is that switch only allows integral values (as the compiler warning said). So I suppose a better question would be to ask why this is the case? (though it is probably too late now.)

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• Why do compiled Haskell libraries see invalid static FFI storage?

  - by John Millikin

  I am using GHC 6.12.1, in Ubuntu 10.04 When I try to use the FFI syntax for static storage, only modules running in interpreted mode (ie GHCI) work properly. Compiled modules have invalid pointers, and do not work. I'd like to know whether anybody can reproduce the problem, whether this an error in my code or GHC, and (if the latter) whether it's a known issue. Given the following three modules: -- A.hs {-# LANGUAGE ForeignFunctionInterface #-} module A where import Foreign import Foreign.C foreign import ccall "&sys_siglist" siglist_a :: Ptr CString -- -- B.hs {-# LANGUAGE ForeignFunctionInterface #-} module B where import Foreign import Foreign.C foreign import ccall "&sys_siglist" siglist_b :: Ptr CString -- -- Main.hs {-# LANGUAGE ForeignFunctionInterface #-} module Main where import Foreign import Foreign.C import A import B foreign import ccall "&sys_siglist" siglist_main :: Ptr CString main = do putStrLn $ "siglist_a = " ++ show siglist_a putStrLn $ "siglist_b = " ++ show siglist_b putStrLn $ "siglist_main = " ++ show siglist_main peekSiglist "a " siglist_a peekSiglist "b " siglist_b peekSiglist "main" siglist_main peekSiglist name siglist = do ptr <- peekElemOff siglist 2 str <- maybePeek peekCString ptr putStrLn $ "siglist_" ++ name ++ "[2] = " ++ show str I would expect something like this output, where all pointer values identical and valid: $ runhaskell Main.hs siglist_a = 0x00007f53a948fe00 siglist_b = 0x00007f53a948fe00 siglist_main = 0x00007f53a948fe00 siglist_a [2] = Just "Interrupt" siglist_b [2] = Just "Interrupt" siglist_main[2] = Just "Interrupt" However, if I compile A.hs (with ghc -c A.hs), then the output changes to: $ runhaskell Main.hs siglist_a = 0x0000000040378918 siglist_b = 0x00007fe7c029ce00 siglist_main = 0x00007fe7c029ce00 siglist_a [2] = Nothing siglist_b [2] = Just "Interrupt" siglist_main[2] = Just "Interrupt"

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• Why do we use Pythagoras in game physics?

  - by Starkers

  I've recently learned that we use Pythagoras a lot in our physics calculations and I'm afraid I don't really get the point. Here's an example from a book to make sure an object doesn't travel faster than a MAXIMUM_VELOCITY constant in the horizontal plane: MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = <any number>; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = MAXIMUM_VELOCITY * MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; function animate(){ var squared_horizontal_velocity = (x_velocity * x_velocity) + (z_velocity * z_velocity); if( squared_horizontal_velocity <= SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ scalar = squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; } } Let's try this with some numbers: An object is attempting to move 5 units in x and 5 units in z. It should only be able to move 5 units horizontally in total! MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5 * 5; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 25; function animate(){ var x_velocity = 5; var z_velocity = 5; var squared_horizontal_velocity = (x_velocity * x_velocity) + (z_velocity * z_velocity); var squared_horizontal_velocity = 5 * 5 + 5 * 5; var squared_horizontal_velocity = 25 + 25; var squared_horizontal_velocity = 50; // if( squared_horizontal_velocity <= SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ if( 50 <= 25 ){ scalar = squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; scalar = 50 / 25; scalar = 2.0; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; x_velocity = 5 / 2.0; x_velocity = 2.5; z_velocity = z_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = 5 / 2.0; z_velocity = 2.5; // new_horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity // new_horizontal_velocity = 2.5 + 2.5 // new_horizontal_velocity = 5 } } Now this works well, but we can do the same thing without Pythagoras: MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5; function animate(){ var x_velocity = 5; var z_velocity = 5; var horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity; var horizontal_velocity = 5 + 5; var horizontal_velocity = 10; // if( horizontal_velocity >= MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ if( 10 >= 5 ){ scalar = horizontal_velocity / MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; scalar = 10 / 5; scalar = 2.0; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; x_velocity = 5 / 2.0; x_velocity = 2.5; z_velocity = z_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = 5 / 2.0; z_velocity = 2.5; // new_horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity // new_horizontal_velocity = 2.5 + 2.5 // new_horizontal_velocity = 5 } } Benefits of doing it without Pythagoras: Less lines Within those lines, it's easier to read what's going on ...and it takes less time to compute, as there are less multiplications Seems to me like computers and humans get a better deal without Pythagoras! However, I'm sure I'm wrong as I've seen Pythagoras' theorem in a number of reputable places, so I'd like someone to explain me the benefit of using Pythagoras to a maths newbie. Does this have anything to do with unit vectors? To me a unit vector is when we normalize a vector and turn it into a fraction. We do this by dividing the vector by a larger constant. I'm not sure what constant it is. The total size of the graph? Anyway, because it's a fraction, I take it, a unit vector is basically a graph that can fit inside a 3D grid with the x-axis running from -1 to 1, z-axis running from -1 to 1, and the y-axis running from -1 to 1. That's literally everything I know about unit vectors... not much :P And I fail to see their usefulness. Also, we're not really creating a unit vector in the above examples. Should I be determining the scalar like this: // a mathematical work-around of my own invention. There may be a cleverer way to do this! I've also made up my own terms such as 'divisive_scalar' so don't bother googling var divisive_scalar = (squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY); var divisive_scalar = ( 50 / 25 ); var divisive_scalar = 2; var multiplicative_scalar = (divisive_scalar / (2*divisive_scalar)); var multiplicative_scalar = (2 / (2*2)); var multiplicative_scalar = (2 / 4); var multiplicative_scalar = 0.5; x_velocity = x_velocity * multiplicative_scalar x_velocity = 5 * 0.5 x_velocity = 2.5 Again, I can't see why this is better, but it's more "unit-vector-y" because the multiplicative_scalar is a unit_vector? As you can see, I use words such as "unit-vector-y" so I'm really not a maths whiz! Also aware that unit vectors might have nothing to do with Pythagoras so ignore all of this if I'm barking up the wrong tree. I'm a very visual person (3D modeller and concept artist by trade!) and I find diagrams and graphs really, really helpful so as many as humanely possible please!

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• template specialization of a auto_ptr<T>

  - by Chris Kaminski

  Maybe I'm overcomplicating things, but then again, I do sort of like clean interfaces. Let's say I want a specialization of auto_ptr for an fstream - I want a default fstream for the generic case, but allow a replacement pointer? tempate <> class auto_ptr<fstream> static fstream myfStream; fstream* ptr; public: auto_ptr() { // set ptr to &myfStream; } reset(fstream* newPtr) { // free old ptr if not the static one. ptr = newPtr }; } Would you consider something different or more elegant? And how would you keep something like the above from propagating outside this particular compilation unit? [The actual template is a boost::scoped_ptr.] EDIT: It's a contrived example. Ignore the fstream - it's about providing a default instance of object for an auto_ptr. I may not want to provide a specialized instance, but would like to keep the auto_ptr semantics for this static default object. class UserClass { public: auto_ptr<fstream> ptr; UserClass() { } } I may not provide an dynamic object at construction time - I still want it to have a meaningful default. Since I'm not looking at ownership-transfer semantics, it really shouldn't matter that my pointer class is pointing to a statically allocated object, no?

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• C++ converting binary(P5) image to ascii(P2) image (.pgm)

  - by tubby

  I am writing a simple program to convert grayscale binary (P5) to grayscale ascii (P2) but am having trouble reading in the binary and converting it to int. #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <sstream> using namespace::std; int usage(char* arg) { // exit program cout << arg << ": Error" << endl; return -1; } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { int rows, cols, size, greylevels; string filetype; // open stream in binary mode ifstream istr(argv[1], ios::in | ios::binary); if(istr.fail()) return usage(argv[1]); // parse header istr >> filetype >> rows >> cols >> greylevels; size = rows * cols; // check data cout << "filetype: " << filetype << endl; cout << "rows: " << rows << endl; cout << "cols: " << cols << endl; cout << "greylevels: " << greylevels << endl; cout << "size: " << size << endl; // parse data values int* data = new int[size]; int fail_tracker = 0; // find which pixel failing on for(int* ptr = data; ptr < data+size; ptr++) { char t_ch; // read in binary char istr.read(&t_ch, sizeof(char)); // convert to integer int t_data = static_cast<int>(t_ch); // check if legal pixel if(t_data < 0 || t_data > greylevels) { cout << "Failed on pixel: " << fail_tracker << endl; cout << "Pixel value: " << t_data << endl; return usage(argv[1]); } // if passes add value to data array *ptr = t_data; fail_tracker++; } // close the stream istr.close(); // write a new P2 binary ascii image ofstream ostr("greyscale_ascii_version.pgm"); // write header ostr << "P2 " << rows << cols << greylevels << endl; // write data int line_ctr = 0; for(int* ptr = data; ptr < data+size; ptr++) { // print pixel value ostr << *ptr << " "; // endl every ~20 pixels for some readability if(++line_ctr % 20 == 0) ostr << endl; } ostr.close(); // clean up delete [] data; return 0; } sample image - Pulled this from an old post. Removed the comment within the image file as I am not worried about this functionality now. When compiled with g++ I get output: $> ./a.out a.pgm filetype: P5 rows: 1024 cols: 768 greylevels: 255 size: 786432 Failed on pixel: 1 Pixel value: -110 a.pgm: Error The image is a little duck and there's no way the pixel value can be -110...where am I going wrong? Thanks.

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• Why do we use the Pythagorean theorem in game physics?

  - by Starkers

  I've recently learned that we use Pythagorean theorem a lot in our physics calculations and I'm afraid I don't really get the point. Here's an example from a book to make sure an object doesn't travel faster than a MAXIMUM_VELOCITY constant in the horizontal plane: MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = <any number>; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = MAXIMUM_VELOCITY * MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; function animate(){ var squared_horizontal_velocity = (x_velocity * x_velocity) + (z_velocity * z_velocity); if( squared_horizontal_velocity <= SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ scalar = squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; } } Let's try this with some numbers: An object is attempting to move 5 units in x and 5 units in z. It should only be able to move 5 units horizontally in total! MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5 * 5; SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 25; function animate(){ var x_velocity = 5; var z_velocity = 5; var squared_horizontal_velocity = (x_velocity * x_velocity) + (z_velocity * z_velocity); var squared_horizontal_velocity = 5 * 5 + 5 * 5; var squared_horizontal_velocity = 25 + 25; var squared_horizontal_velocity = 50; // if( squared_horizontal_velocity <= SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ if( 50 <= 25 ){ scalar = squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; scalar = 50 / 25; scalar = 2.0; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; x_velocity = 5 / 2.0; x_velocity = 2.5; z_velocity = z_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = 5 / 2.0; z_velocity = 2.5; // new_horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity // new_horizontal_velocity = 2.5 + 2.5 // new_horizontal_velocity = 5 } } Now this works well, but we can do the same thing without Pythagoras: MAXIMUM_VELOCITY = 5; function animate(){ var x_velocity = 5; var z_velocity = 5; var horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity; var horizontal_velocity = 5 + 5; var horizontal_velocity = 10; // if( horizontal_velocity >= MAXIMUM_VELOCITY ){ if( 10 >= 5 ){ scalar = horizontal_velocity / MAXIMUM_VELOCITY; scalar = 10 / 5; scalar = 2.0; x_velocity = x_velocity / scalar; x_velocity = 5 / 2.0; x_velocity = 2.5; z_velocity = z_velocity / scalar; z_velocity = 5 / 2.0; z_velocity = 2.5; // new_horizontal_velocity = x_velocity + z_velocity // new_horizontal_velocity = 2.5 + 2.5 // new_horizontal_velocity = 5 } } Benefits of doing it without Pythagoras: Less lines Within those lines, it's easier to read what's going on ...and it takes less time to compute, as there are less multiplications Seems to me like computers and humans get a better deal without Pythagorean theorem! However, I'm sure I'm wrong as I've seen Pythagoras' theorem in a number of reputable places, so I'd like someone to explain me the benefit of using Pythagorean theorem to a maths newbie. Does this have anything to do with unit vectors? To me a unit vector is when we normalize a vector and turn it into a fraction. We do this by dividing the vector by a larger constant. I'm not sure what constant it is. The total size of the graph? Anyway, because it's a fraction, I take it, a unit vector is basically a graph that can fit inside a 3D grid with the x-axis running from -1 to 1, z-axis running from -1 to 1, and the y-axis running from -1 to 1. That's literally everything I know about unit vectors... not much :P And I fail to see their usefulness. Also, we're not really creating a unit vector in the above examples. Should I be determining the scalar like this: // a mathematical work-around of my own invention. There may be a cleverer way to do this! I've also made up my own terms such as 'divisive_scalar' so don't bother googling var divisive_scalar = (squared_horizontal_velocity / SQUARED_MAXIMUM_VELOCITY); var divisive_scalar = ( 50 / 25 ); var divisive_scalar = 2; var multiplicative_scalar = (divisive_scalar / (2*divisive_scalar)); var multiplicative_scalar = (2 / (2*2)); var multiplicative_scalar = (2 / 4); var multiplicative_scalar = 0.5; x_velocity = x_velocity * multiplicative_scalar x_velocity = 5 * 0.5 x_velocity = 2.5 Again, I can't see why this is better, but it's more "unit-vector-y" because the multiplicative_scalar is a unit_vector? As you can see, I use words such as "unit-vector-y" so I'm really not a maths whiz! Also aware that unit vectors might have nothing to do with Pythagorean theorem so ignore all of this if I'm barking up the wrong tree. I'm a very visual person (3D modeller and concept artist by trade!) and I find diagrams and graphs really, really helpful so as many as humanely possible please!

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• c++-to-python swig caused memory leak! Related to Py_BuildValue and SWIG_NewPointerObj

  - by usfree74

  Hey gurus, I have the following Swig code that caused memory leak. PyObject* FindBestMatch(const Bar& fp) { Foo* ptr(new Foo()); float match; // call a function to fill the foo pointer return Py_BuildValue( "(fO)", match, SWIG_NewPointerObj(ptr, SWIGTYPE_p_Foo, 0 /* own */)); } I figured that ptr is not freed properly. So I did the following: PyObject* FindBestMatch(const Bar& fp) { Foo* ptr(new Foo()); float match; // call a function to fill the foo pointer *PyObject *o = SWIG_NewPointerObj(ptr, SWIGTYPE_p_Foo, 1 /* own */);* <------- 1 means pass the ownership to python PyObject *result = Py_BuildValue("(fO)", match, o); Py_XDECREF(o); return result; } But I am not very sure whether this will cause memory corruption. Here, Py_XDECREF(o) will decrease the ref count, which can free memory used by object "o". But o is part of the return value "result". Freeing "o" can cause data corrupt, I guess? I tried my change. It works fine and the caller (python code) does see the expected data. But this could be because nobody else overwrites to that memory area. So what's the right way to deal with memory management of the above code? I search the swig docs, but don't see very concrete description. Please help! Thanks, xin

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• can't explain NullPointerException

  - by John Pope

  In the following code, i have a method to get a Vector of persons with the same zodiac sign. persoane is a Vector. I keep getting a NullPointerException at the if condition (persoane is definetly not null). I am unable to see why. Any help would be greatly appreciated public Vector<Persoana> cautaDupaZodie(String zodie) { Vector<Persoana> rezultat= new Vector<Persoana>(); for(int i=0; i<persoane.size(); i++) { if(persoane.get(i).getData().getZodie().equals(zodie)) //the exception occurs here { rezultat.add(persoane.get(i)); } } return rezultat; }

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• Dangling pointer

  - by viswanathan

  Does this piece of code lead to dangling pointer. My guess is no. class Sample { public: int *ptr; Sample(int i) { ptr = new int(i); } ~Sample() { delete ptr; } void PrintVal() { cout << "The value is " << *ptr; } }; void SomeFunc(Sample x) { cout << "Say i am in someFunc " << endl; } int main() { Sample s1 = 10; SomeFunc(s1); s1.PrintVal(); }

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• Is there a module that implements an efficient array type in Erlang?

  - by dsmith

  I have been looking for an array type with the following characteristics in Erlang. append(vector(), term()) O(1) nth(Idx, vector()) O(1) set(Idx, vector(), term()) O(1) insert(Idx, vector(), term()) O(N) remove(Idx, vector()) O(N) I normally use a tuple for this purpose, but the performance characteristics are not what I would want for large N. My testing shows the following performance characteristics... erlang:append_element/2 O(N). erlang:setelement/3 O(N). I have started on a module based on the clojure.lang.PersistentVector implementation, but if it's already been done I won't reinvent the wheel.

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• How to access class member from bison action

  - by yodhevauhe

  I am calling yyparse from a member function. How to access the member variables/function from the bison action. I am currently doing as %{ #include "myclass.h" #include "parse.tab.hh" MyClass *ptr=NULL; void MyClass::evaluate(string expression) { ptr=this; yy_scan_string(expression.c_str()); yyparse(); } %} %% EXPR : EXPR PLUS EXPR { $$ = ptr->memberFunction("+",$1,$3); }

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• Problems with passing an anonymous temporary function-object to a templatized constructor.

  - by Akanksh

  I am trying to attach a function-object to be called on destruction of a templatized class. However, I can not seem to be able to pass the function-object as a temporary. The warning I get is (if the comment the line xi.data = 5;): warning C4930: 'X<T> xi2(writer (__cdecl *)(void))': prototyped function not called (was a variable definition intended?) with [ T=int ] and if I try to use the constructed object, I get a compilation error saying: error C2228: left of '.data' must have class/struct/union I apologize for the lengthy piece of code, but I think all the components need to be visible to assess the situation. template<typename T> struct Base { virtual void run( T& ){} virtual ~Base(){} }; template<typename T, typename D> struct Derived : public Base<T> { virtual void run( T& t ) { D d; d(t); } }; template<typename T> struct X { template<typename R> X(const R& r) { std::cout << "X(R)" << std::endl; ptr = new Derived<T,R>(); } X():ptr(0) { std::cout << "X()" << std::endl; } ~X() { if(ptr) { ptr->run(data); delete ptr; } else { std::cout << "no ptr" << std::endl; } } Base<T>* ptr; T data; }; struct writer { template<typename T> void operator()( const T& i ) { std::cout << "T : " << i << std::endl; } }; int main() { { writer w; X<int> xi2(w); //X<int> xi2(writer()); //This does not work! xi2.data = 15; } return 0; }; The reason I am trying this out is so that I can "somehow" attach function-objects types with the objects without keeping an instance of the function-object itself within the class. Thus when I create an object of class X, I do not have to keep an object of class writer within it, but only a pointer to Base<T> (I'm not sure if I need the <T> here, but for now its there). The problem is that I seem to have to create an object of writer and then pass it to the constructor of X rather than call it like X<int> xi(writer(); I might be missing something completely stupid and obvious here, any suggestions?

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• Inline function and calling cost in C

  - by Eonil

  I'm making a vector/matrix library. (GCC, ARM NEON, iPhone) typedef struct{ float v[4]; } Vector; typedef struct{ Vector v[4]; } Matrix; I passed struct data as pointer to avoid performance degrade from data copying when calling function. So I thought designed function like this: void makeTranslation(const Vector* factor, Matrix* restrict result); But, if function is inline, is there any reason to pass values as pointer for performance? Do those variables copied too? How about register and caches? inline Matrix makeTranslation(Vector factor) __attribute__ ((always_inline)); How do you think about calling costs of each cases?

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• How do you re-arrange vector order in R?

  - by Milktrader

  I have three vectors in an xts R object. Call them V1, V2, V3. After merging, the order of them left to right is V2, V3, V1. How do I re-arrange them so they read (from left to right) as V1, V2, V3?

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• Understanding C++ pointers (when they point to a pointer)

  - by Stephano

  I think I understand references and pointers pretty well. Here is what I (think I) know: int i = 5; //i is a primitive type, the value is 5, i do not know the address. int *ptr; //a pointer to an int. i have no way if knowing the value yet. ptr = &i; //now i have an address for the value of i (called ptr) *ptr = 10; //go get the value stored at ptr and change it to 10 Please feel free to comment or correct these statements. Now I'm trying to make the jump to arrays of pointers. Here is what I do not know: char **char_ptrs = new char *[50]; Node **node_ptrs = new Node *[50]; My understanding is that I have 2 arrays of pointers, one set of pointers to chars and one to nodes. So if I wanted to set the values, I would do something like this: char_ptrs[0] = new char[20]; node_ptrs[0] = new Node; Now I have a pointer, in the 0 position of my array, in each respective array. Again, feel free to comment here if I'm confused. So, what does the ** operator do? Likewise, what is putting a single * next to the instantiation doing (*[50])? (what is that called exactly, instantiation?)

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• what is a good way to convert a vector mock up into html?

  - by Crazy Comquat

  I'm am trying to make a three column layout for a website from an inkscape mockup that I made. The problem is that I am more of an artist that a programer, so I know only the basics. I will take any suggestions. Thanks!

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• What short query will return an vector (a one-column column table) representing a set of integers fr

  - by Ivan

  Assuming we have no actual table to select the data from, what do we need to SELECT to return a table consisting of one integer column containing all integer numbers starting with x1 and finishing with x2 and sorted in ascending order?

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• c struct map to ruby using SWIG

  - by pierr

  Hi, Is there any body can confirm the description here is true? My experience is that I can not use Example::Vector.new at all. C/C++ structs are wrapped as Ruby classes, with accessor methods (i.e. "getters" and "setters") for all of the struct members. For example, this struct declaration: struct Vector { double x, y; }; gets wrapped as a Vector class, with Ruby instance methods x, x=, y and y=. These methods can be used to access structure data from Ruby as follows: $ irb irb(main):001:0> require 'Example' true irb(main):002:0> f = Example::Vector.new #<Example::Vector:0x4020b268> irb(main):003:0> f.x = 10 nil irb(main):004:0> f.x 10.0

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• Call/Ret in x86 assembly embedded in C++

  - by SP658

  This is probably trivial, but for some reason I can't it to work. Its supposed to be a simple function that changes the last byte of a dword to 'AA' (10101010), but nothing happens when I call the function. It just returns my original dword __declspec(naked) long function(unsigned long inputDWord, unsigned long *outputDWord) { _asm{ mov ebx, dword ptr[esp+4] push ebx call SET_AA pop ebx mov eax, dword ptr[esp+8] mov dword ptr[eax], ebx } } __declspec(naked) unsigned long SET_AA( unsigned long inputDWord ) { __asm{ mov eax, [esp+4] mov al, 0xAA ret } }

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• c++ floating point precision loss: 3015/0.00025298219406977296

  - by SigTerm

  The problem. Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 compiler, 32bit windows xp sp3, amd 64 x2 cpu. Code: double a = 3015.0; double b = 0.00025298219406977296; //*((unsigned __int64*)(&a)) == 0x40a78e0000000000 //*((unsigned __int64*)(&b)) == 0x3f30945640000000 double f = a/b;//3015/0.00025298219406977296; the result of calculation (i.e. "f") is 11917835.000000000 (*((unsigned __int64*)(&f)) == 0x4166bb4160000000) although it should be 11917834.814763514 (i.e. *((unsigned __int64*)(&f)) == 0x4166bb415a128aef). I.e. fractional part is lost. Unfortunately, I need fractional part to be correct. Questions: 1) Why does this happen? 2) How can I fix the problem? Additional info: 0) The result is taken directly from "watch" window (it wasn't printed, and I didn't forget to set printing precision). I also provided hex dump of floating point variable, so I'm absolutely sure about calculation result. 1) The disassembly of f = a/b is: fld qword ptr [a] fdiv qword ptr [b] fstp qword ptr [f] 2) f = 3015/0.00025298219406977296; yields correct result (f == 11917834.814763514 , *((unsigned __int64*)(&f)) == 0x4166bb415a128aef ), but it looks like in this case result is simply calculated during compile-time: fld qword ptr [__real@4166bb415a128aef (828EA0h)] fstp qword ptr [f] So, how can I fix this problem? P.S. I've found a temporary workaround (i need only fractional part of division, so I simply use f = fmod(a/b)/b at the moment), but I still would like to know how to fix this problem properly - double precision is supposed to be 16 decimal digits, so such calculation isn't supposed to cause problems.

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• How do I get characters common to two vectors in C++?

  - by Sam Phelps

  I am trying to compare two vector objects, and return a single vector containing all the chars which appear in both vectors. How would I go about this without writing some horribly complex manual method which compares every char in the first vector to every char in the second vector and using an if to add it to a third vector (which would be returned) if they match. Maybe my lack of real experience with vectors is making me imagine this will be harder than it really is, but I suspect there is some simplier way which I have been unable to find through searching.

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• How about using SVG(Scalable Vector Graphics) on desktop applications?

  - by onurozcelik

  I am working in Train Traffic Controller software project. My responsibility in this project is to develop the visual railroad GUI. By now I am using some svg graphics in that GUI. I prefer them because of their scalability talents. Is it good or bad idea to use svg in a desktop application? Any suggestions?

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