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• Config Apache HTTP Server for Eclipse

  - by hqt

  Maybe this question is silly but I really don't know how to solve. First, as other server, I want to define new server. So, in Eclipse, I go to: WindowsPreferenceServer: 1) When I add new server, in list, no category for apache HTTP server. Just has apache tomcat. So, I click into download additional server adapter--still don't have in list. 2) So, I search. I point to location I have installed. Good, Eclipse sees that is a HTTP Server. And Eclipse see folder to put project into for me (because I use LAMPP so that folder isn't in Apache folder). But here is my problem. When I want to run a new PHP Project. Right click, run on server. A new dialog appear take me to choose which server to run. And, in list of server, no HTTP Server, So, I don't know how to choose Apache HTTP Server !!! (because Eclipse doesn't see which server that I have defined, eclipse just find adapter first) So, if I want to run this project, I must copy all and paste to apache folder. Too handy !!! Please help me. Thanks :)

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• SSH login very slow on OS X Leopard

  - by acjohnson55

  My SSH sessions take a very long time to initiate. This applies for logins with and without passwords, interactive and non-interactive. I have tried setting 'GSSAPIAuthentication no' and 'IPQoS 0x00' on the client side, and 'UseDNS no' on the server side, but no dice. I'm really stumped and frustrated. The worst part is that it SFTP takes forever to establish connections too, making file transfer much longer than it would be otherwise. I thought the problem might be something with PAM, because of where the hang is in the sshd log below, so I tried commenting out each line one-by-one in the /etc/pam.d/sshd file. Some caused login to be impossible, some had no apparent effect. I can't really tell if PAM is stalling for other services, but I can say that su'ing into my account from another account with 'su -l' has no apparent delay. I tried creating a new user account, just to see if there was something wrong with my existing account, and the same problem persisted. Any ideas of what's going on? On the client side, the most verbose mode outputs (redacted where reasonable): OpenSSH_5.9p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8r 8 Feb 2011 debug1: Reading configuration data ... debug1: ... line 1: Applying options for ... debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: /etc/ssh_config line 20: Applying options for * debug1: /etc/ssh_config line 53: Applying options for * debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to ... [x.x.x.x] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /.../.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /.../.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug3: Incorrect RSA1 identifier debug3: Could not load "/.../.ssh/id_dsa" as a RSA1 public key debug1: identity file /.../.ssh/id_dsa type 2 debug1: identity file /.../.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.2 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.2 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.9 debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "..." from file "/.../.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type RSA in file /.../.ssh/known_hosts:9 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug3: order_hostkeyalgs: prefer hostkeyalgs: [email protected],[email protected],ssh-rsa debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],[email protected],ssh-rsa,[email protected],[email protected],ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-256-96,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-512-96,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-256-96,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-512-96,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 136/256 debug2: bits set: 523/1024 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Server host key: RSA ... debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "..." from file "/.../.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type RSA in file /.../.ssh/known_hosts:9 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "x.x.x.x" from file "/.../.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type RSA in file /.../.ssh/known_hosts:9 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug1: Host '...' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /.../.ssh/known_hosts:9 debug2: bits set: 492/1024 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug2: kex_derive_keys debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug2: key: /.../.ssh/id_dsa (0x7f8b7b41d6c0) debug2: key: /.../.ssh/id_rsa (0x0) debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,password,keyboard-interactive debug3: preferred publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering DSA public key: /.../.ssh/id_dsa debug3: send_pubkey_test debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg ssh-dss blen 434 debug2: input_userauth_pk_ok: fp ... debug3: sign_and_send_pubkey: DSA ... debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey). Authenticated to ... ([x.x.x.x]:22). debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug3: ssh_session2_open: channel_new: 0 debug2: channel 0: send open debug1: Requesting [email protected] debug1: Entering interactive session. ****** Hangs here ****** debug2: callback start debug2: client_session2_setup: id 0 debug2: fd 3 setting TCP_NODELAY debug2: channel 0: request pty-req confirm 1 debug1: Sending environment. debug3: Ignored env TERM_PROGRAM debug3: Ignored env SHELL debug3: Ignored env TERM debug3: Ignored env TMPDIR debug3: Ignored env Apple_PubSub_Socket_Render debug3: Ignored env TERM_PROGRAM_VERSION debug3: Ignored env TERM_SESSION_ID debug3: Ignored env USER debug3: Ignored env COMMAND_MODE debug3: Ignored env SSH_AUTH_SOCK debug3: Ignored env Apple_Ubiquity_Message debug3: Ignored env __CF_USER_TEXT_ENCODING debug3: Ignored env PATH debug3: Ignored env MKL_NUM_THREADS debug3: Ignored env PWD debug1: Sending env LANG = en_US.UTF-8 debug2: channel 0: request env confirm 0 debug3: Ignored env HOME debug3: Ignored env SHLVL debug3: Ignored env DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH debug3: Ignored env PYTHONPATH debug3: Ignored env LOGNAME debug3: Ignored env DISPLAY debug3: Ignored env SECURITYSESSIONID debug3: Ignored env _ debug2: channel 0: request shell confirm 1 debug2: callback done debug2: channel 0: open confirm rwindow 0 rmax 32768 debug2: channel_input_status_confirm: type 99 id 0 debug2: PTY allocation request accepted on channel 0 debug2: channel 0: rcvd adjust 2097152 debug2: channel_input_status_confirm: type 99 id 0 debug2: shell request accepted on channel 0 On the server side, the debug output looks like: Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: inetd sockets after dupping: 3, 4 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: Connection from x.x.x.x port 52758 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: Current Session ID is 56AC0FB0 / Session Attributes are 00008000 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: Running in inetd mode in a non-root session... assuming inetd created the session for us. Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: Client protocol version 2.0; client software version OpenSSH_5.9 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.9 pat OpenSSH* Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.2 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: Checking with Service ACLs for ssh login restrictions Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: call to mbr_user_name_to_uuid with <...> suceeded to retrieve user_uuid Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: Call to mbr_check_service_membership failed with status <0> Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: PAM: initializing for "..." Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: PAM: setting PAM_RHOST to "x.x.x.x" Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: Failed none for ... from x.x.x.x port 52758 ssh2 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 509/20 (e=0/0) Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: trying public key file /.../.ssh/authorized_keys Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: restore_uid: 0/0 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 509/20 (e=0/0) Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: trying public key file /.../.ssh/authorized_keys2 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: fd 5 clearing O_NONBLOCK Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: matching key found: file /.../.ssh/authorized_keys2, line 1 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: Found matching DSA key: ... Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: restore_uid: 0/0 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 509/20 (e=0/0) Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: trying public key file /.../.ssh/authorized_keys Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: restore_uid: 0/0 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 509/20 (e=0/0) Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: trying public key file /.../.ssh/authorized_keys2 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: fd 5 clearing O_NONBLOCK Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: matching key found: file /.../.ssh/authorized_keys2, line 1 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: Found matching DSA key: ... Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: restore_uid: 0/0 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: ssh_dss_verify: signature correct Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: do_pam_account: called Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: Accepted publickey for ... from x.x.x.x port 52758 ssh2 Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: monitor_child_preauth: ... has been authenticated by privileged process Sep 16 18:46:40 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: PAM: establishing credentials ***** Hangs here ***** Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31435]: User child is on pid 31654 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: PAM: establishing credentials Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: permanently_set_uid: 509/20 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: Entering interactive session for SSH2. Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: server_init_dispatch_20 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: server_input_channel_open: ctype session rchan 0 win 1048576 max 16384 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: input_session_request Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: channel 0: new [server-session] Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_new: session 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_open: channel 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_open: session 0: link with channel 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: server_input_channel_open: confirm session Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: server_input_global_request: rtype [email protected] want_reply 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request pty-req reply 1 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req pty-req Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: Allocating pty. Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31435]: debug1: session_new: session 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_pty_req: session 0 alloc /dev/ttys008 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request env reply 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req env Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request shell reply 1 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31654]: debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req shell Sep 16 18:46:54 ... sshd[31655]: debug1: Setting controlling tty using TIOCSCTTY.

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• Active directory Kerberos OSX problems

  - by Temotodochi

  I'll try to keep this short, but informative. I'm currently unable to bind OSX lion (10.7.4) machines to our AD. OSX kerberos (heimdal) is unable to locate the KDC service. However i can bind linux & windows machines to the AD without any problems in the same network AD controls the domain DNS and all the relevant _kerberos._tcp.x.domain.com and _kpasswd SRV DNS records are there and resolve fine when tried from OSX machines. Defined ports are open for service and manually accessible from OSX. When i try kinit in the OSX, i can get the first auth through (wrong passwords fail instantly), but when supplied with correct password, kinit fails after some waiting with "unable to reach KDC". All machines run NTP and have correct time. During testing, network is not firewalled between the machines Linux and windows machines have no problems whatsoever I have tried with and without /etc/krb5.conf - OSX by default does not need it in the krb5.conf i used a working config from one of our linux machines. dsconfigad fails with simple "connection failed to the directory server" I'm a bit baffled with this. OSX is like the KDC is nowhere to be found and at the same time my test machines with windows 7 and some linux (centos 6 & debian 6) machines have no problems whatsoever. Same network, same configurations. I'm missing some vital piece of configuration somewhere, and i can't find out what it is.

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• How do hdparm's -S and -B options interact?

  - by user697683

  These two options seem confusing. For example: according to the man page -B 254 "does not permit spin-down". However, testing with -B 254 -S 1 the drive does spin down after 5 seconds. -B Query/set Advanced Power Management feature, if the drive supports it. A low value means aggressive power management and a high value means better performance. Possible settings range from values 1 through 127 (which permit spin-down), and values 128 through 254 (which do not permit spin-down). The highest degree of power management is attained with a setting of 1, and the highest I/O performance with a setting of 254. A value of 255 tells hdparm to disable Advanced Power Management altogether on the drive (not all drives support disabling it, but most do). -S Put the drive into idle (low-power) mode, and also set the standby (spindown) timeout for the drive. This timeout value is used by the drive to determine how long to wait (with no disk activity) before turning off the spindle motor to save power. Under such circumstances, the drive may take as long as 30 seconds to respond to a subsequent disk access, though most drives are much quicker. The encoding of the timeout value is somewhat peculiar. A value of zero means "timeouts are disabled": the device will not automatically enter standby mode. Values from 1 to 240 specify multiples of 5 seconds, yielding timeouts from 5 seconds to 20 minutes. Values from 241 to 251 specify from 1 to 11 units of 30 minutes, yielding timeouts from 30 minutes to 5.5 hours. A value of 252 signifies a timeout of 21 minutes. A value of 253 sets a vendor-defined timeout period between 8 and 12 hours, and the value 254 is reserved. 255 is interpreted as 21 minutes plus 15 seconds. Note that some older drives may have very different interpretations of these values.

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• Debian - starting UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall) before network interfaces are operational

  - by Tomasz Zielinski

  I want to install UFW on Debian Lenny. Everything looks straightforward except that I don't know where to plug UFW startup script so that it configures iptables before hax0rs can break in. I've reviewed runlevel directories and in /etc/rc0.d, /etc/rc6.d and /etc/rcS.d there are items like these: S35networking -> ../init.d/networking S36ifupdown -> ../init.d/ifupdown Runlevel 0 and 6 are for shutdown and reboot so I guess nothing should be changed there, but runlevel S advertises itself (in README) like something for me: The scripts in this directory whose names begin with an 'S' are executed once when booting the system, even when booting directly into single user mode. The following sequence points are defined at this time: * After the S40 scripts have executed, all local file systems are mounted and networking is available. All device drivers have been initialized. (What bothers me is that both rc0/6.d and rcS.d point to the same networking and ifupdown scripts, but after looking at sources I believe those scripts are smart enough to figure out where to start and where to stop networking.) Now, I think that I should plug my /lib/ufw/ufw-init into /etc/rcS.d, with priority higher that the one of ifupdown and networking, i.e. <= 38 for my /etc/rcS.d. Am I right in this "analysis" ?

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• Why do messenger keeps coming up when I adjust screen brightness?

  - by Asaf R

  My Dell Studio XPS 13 has a brightness up & down buttons (Fn + up arrow / down arrow), as do most laptops have. It's running Windows 7 64bit and I've installed Windows Live Messenger (build 14 and something) on it. When I hit Fn + down arrow, to reduce screen brightness, the Messenger window pops up. That's true whether it has been running in background (system tray / minimized) before or not. Note, to make messenger hide itself to the system tray, I've set it to Vista Compatibility mode. I don't think that has anything to do with it though, since if I shut compatibility mode off, the problem persists. There's a thread on the matter here, but with no solution. Thanks, Asaf SOLUTION: Stop Intellitype when using internal keyboard. See detailed howto here. EDIT: Some new findings on the matter - If I exit messenger entirely and restart (or simply stop) the service "Windows Live ID Sign-in Assistant" the problem is solved until I run messenger again. It persists even after entirely closing messenger, until I restart the said service. EDIT2: The above service "Windows Live ID Sign-in Assistant" actual name is wlidsvc. There's no shortcut defined for messenger, nor is there any other hot key in its preferences. EDIT3: I'm not sure if it's relates, but some of the Fn keys are not working - Fn + F1 doesn't put the machine to sleep, Fn + F3 doesn't show battery status. EDIT4: Problem probably relates to conflict with IntelliType Pro. See my answer below. Said conflict also causes Undo command when disabling Wireless (Wireless touch button), and other side effects for various keys.

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• How come my Intel 520 180GB SSD performs extremely poorly?

  - by Willem

  I recently installed a new Intel 520 series 180GB SSD in my brand new MacBook Pro. The system is as follows: Model: MacBook Pro 15-inch, Late 2011 (MacBookPro8,2) Processor: 2.4 GHz Intel Core i7 Memory: 16 GB 1333 MHz DDR3 Graphics: AMD Radeon HD 6770M 1024 MB Software: Mac OS X Lion 10.7.3 Main Drive Bay: Intel 520-series 180GB SATA-3 (6GB/s negotiated link) SSD (Firmware: 400i) [80GB free] Optical Bay: Toshiba 5400 RPM 750GB SATA-2 HDD Trim: Enabled (according to Trim Enabler App) And here are the speeds I'm getting: Read: 412 MB/s Write: 186 MB/s What have I done wrong? Results expected: Read/write both 500MB/s I have seen benchmarks with lesser SSD:s (SATA-2 even) outperform my write-speeds by far. Also, Intel 520 SSD:s are supposed to be the top class of SSD:s. Trim Enabler report: This looks a bit odd compared to screenshots from their site: These is the defined S.M.A.R.T attributes (taken from Intel): And here are my S.M.A.R.T attributes read using smartctl tool from smartmontools: They don't seem very compatible. I'm going to try and look for a S.M.A.R.T attributes reader tool for OS X which might support Intel 520 series.

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• Windows in StreamInsight: Hopping vs. Snapshot

  - by Roman Schindlauer

  Three weeks ago, we explained the basic concept of windows in StreamInsight: defining sets of events that serve as arguments for set-based operations, like aggregations. Today, we want to discuss the so-called Hopping Windows and compare them with Snapshot Windows. We will compare these two, because they can serve similar purposes with different behaviors; we will discuss the remaining window type, Count Windows, another time. Hopping (and its syntactic-sugar-sister Tumbling) windows are probably the most straightforward windowing concept in StreamInsight. A hopping window is defined by its length, and the offset from one window to the next. They are aligned with some absolute point on the timeline (which can also be given as a parameter to the window) and create sets of events. The diagram below shows an example of a hopping window with length of 1h and hop size (the offset) of 15 minutes, hence creating overlapping windows:   Two aspects in this diagram are important: Since this window is overlapping, an event can fall into more than one windows. If an (interval) event spans a window boundary, its lifetime will be clipped to the window, before it is passed to the set-based operation. That’s the default and currently only available window input policy. (This should only concern you if you are using a time-sensitive user-defined aggregate or operator.) The set-based operation will be applied to each of these sets, yielding a result. This result is: A single scalar value in case of built-in or user-defined aggregates. A subset of the input payloads, in case of the TopK operator. Arbitrary events, when using a user-defined operator. The timestamps of the result are almost always the ones of the windows. Only the user-defined  operator can create new events with timestamps. (However, even these event lifetimes are subject to the window’s output policy, which is currently always to clip to the window end.) Let’s assume we were calculating the sum over some payload field: var result = from window in source.HoppingWindow( TimeSpan.FromHours(1), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(15), HoppingWindowOutputPolicy.ClipToWindowEnd) select new { avg = window.Avg(e => e.Value) }; Now each window is reflected by one result event:   As you can see, the window definition defines the output frequency. No matter how many or few events we got from the input, this hopping window will produce one result every 15 minutes – except for those windows that do not contain any events at all, because StreamInsight window operations are empty-preserving (more about that another time). The “forced” output for every window can become a performance issue if you have a real-time query with many events in a wide group & apply – let me explain: imagine you have a lot of events that you group by and then aggregate within each group – classical streaming pattern. The hopping window produces a result in each group at exactly the same point in time for all groups, since the window boundaries are aligned with the timeline, not with the event timestamps. This means that the query output will become very bursty, delivering the results of all the groups at the same point in time. This becomes especially obvious if the events are long-lasting, spanning multiple windows each, so that the produced result events do not change their value very often. In such a case, a snapshot window can remedy. Snapshot windows are more difficult to explain than hopping windows: they represent those periods in time, when no event changes occur. In other words, if you mark all event start and and times on your timeline, then you are looking at all snapshot window boundaries:   If your events are never overlapping, the snapshot window will not make much sense. It is commonly used together with timestamp modification, which make it a very powerful tool. Or as Allan Mitchell expressed in in a recent tweet: “I used to look at SnapshotWindow() with disdain. Now she is my mistress, the one I turn to in times of trouble and need”. Let’s look at a simple example: I want to compute the average of some value in my events over the last minute. I don’t want this output be produced at fixed intervals, but at soon as it changes (that’s the true event-driven spirit!). The snapshot window will include all currently active event at each point in time, hence we need to extend our original events’ lifetimes into the future: Applying the Snapshot window on these events, it will appear to be “looking back into the past”: If you look at the result produced in this diagram, you can easily prove that, at each point in time, the current event value represents the average of all original input event within the last minute. Here is the LINQ representation of that query, applying the lifetime extension before the snapshot window: var result = from window in source .AlterEventDuration(e => TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1)) .SnapshotWindow(SnapshotWindowOutputPolicy.Clip) select new { avg = window.Avg(e => e.Value) }; With more complex modifications of the event lifetimes you can achieve many more query patterns. For instance “running totals” by keeping the event start times, but snapping their end times to some fixed time, like the end of the day. Each snapshot then “sees” all events that have happened in the respective time period so far. Regards, The StreamInsight Team

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• How can I change the default location/action of 'Open Outlook Data File' in Outlook 2010?

  - by Chadddada

  I have recently deployed a Remote Desktop Host server that functions as a remote Microsoft Office 2010 work space for users. In part of the locking down of this server I have installed all programs on the D: drive and, through the use of Group Policy, hidden all the drives on the server from standard users. In addition to hiding these drives I am not allowing users to save anything locally (on the server) or open Libraries. However one of the functions of the server is to provide the Outlook client. Often users will have the .PST file stored on a network location and want to open this in Outlook. Can I change the default action or location that File Open Open Outlook Data File looks or tries to pull the file from? The default location seems to be under Users / Libraries. When click 'Open' you get a warning: This operation has been cancelled due to restrictions in effect on this computer. Clicking OK drops the user into a small menu that shows attached network drives under Computer. Can I instead have the 'Open' click drop the users in a defined network drive or just open computer and allow them to select a share? I don't want them to see the error message. A solution that looks to have been used for Office 2000/03 is: Key: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Office\<version>\Outlook Value name: ForceOSTPath Value type: REG_EXPAND_SZ Value: path to your storage folder I am not sure if there is a better way to do this now OR if this even works with Office 2010.

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• Keyboard's media keys are blocked by a program

  - by Mike Hanson

  I've got a Microsoft Natural Ergonomic Keyboard 4000. In addition to the regular keys, it's also got keys for Web/Home, Search, Mail, Favorites (5), Calculator, and Media functions (Mute, Volume Up/Down, and Play/Pause). Everything works most of the time, and the exception is rather odd. I use a programming system called Clarion. When that has focus, the Media keys don't work. (All the others still do.) I've also discovered that programs that I create using Clarion also block the media keys (only when they have focus). This indicates that it's probably something in Clarion's Run-Time Library (RTL) that's causing the trouble. The keys will work if I click on a non-Clarion window before hitting the media key, but that's an undesirable hassle. The odd thing is that I have many colleagues with the same keyboard, and they have no problem. When I recently upgraded from Vista Professional to Win7 Ultimate, I noticed that various things "appear" differently. For example, with my old system, when I changed the volume or muted the volume bar visualization always appeared at the bottom right on the screen. Now it doesn't appear in certain programs, even when it works. This indicates an order of precedence for visual elements. I'm fairly certain a similar order of precedence exists for keyboard hooks. Depending on how the hooks are defined, and the order in which they're applied, it would seem that sometimes the IntelliType drivers don't see the media keystrokes. The Media keys probably behave differently than the rest of the "special" keys, because they are more of a standard across all keyboards, so perhaps are handled by a different driver hooking mechanism. Does anyone have any suggestions of how I might fix this problem? Is there some way to change the order of hooks? Delay the loading of the IntelliType driver? Thanks in advance!

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• Using a named pipe to simulate a serial port on a VMware virtual machine (linux host and client)

  - by Dave M

  Trying to write a python program to create a simulated data stream and feed it, through a named pipe, to a VMware virtual machine. The host is running Ubuntu 11.10 and VMware player 5.0.0. The Vm is running Ubuntu netbook 10.04. I am able to get the pipe working on the local machine but I am not able to get the pipe to pass data through the virtual serial port to the programs running on the virtual machine. #!/usr/bin/python import os # # Create a named pipe that will be used as the serial port on a VMware virtual machine SerialPipe = '/tmp/gpsd2NMEA' try: os.unlink(SerialPipe) except: pass os.mkfifo(SerialPipe) # # Open the named pipe NMEApipe = os.open(SerialPipe, os.O_RDWR|os.O_NONBLOCK) # # Write a string to the named pipe NMEAtime = "235959" os.write(NMEApipe, str( '%s\n' % NMEAtime )) Test to see if the python program is working on the host machine (displays 235959 if data is passing through the pipe) $ cat /tmp/gpsd2NMEA 235959 Serial port as defined in the VMware .vmx file: serial0.present = "TRUE" serial0.startConnected = "TRUE" serial0.fileType = "pipe" serial0.fileName = "/tmp/gpsd2NMEA" serial0.pipe.endPoint = "client" serial0.autodetect = "FALSE" serial0.tryNoRxLoss = "TRUE" serial0.yieldOnMsrRead = "TRUE" Test to see if the serial port in the VM is receiving data $ cat /dev/ttyS0 or $ minicom -D /dev/ttyS0 or $ stty -F /dev/ttyS0 cs8 -parenb -cstopb 115200 $ echo < /dev/ttyS0 None of these display any data from the python program.

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• Motion - takes snapshot without motion detected

  - by Emmanuel Brunet

  I've been installed the standard motion 3.2.12 package on debian 7.5. I would like to get snapshot ONLY when motion is detected, but it still saves a picture every second without any activity in front of the camera. I'm using a TENVIS JPT3815W IP camera motion.conf here is my configuration file setup_mode off target_dir /media/videos/log/webcam netcam_url http://webcam/snapshot.cgi netcam_tolerant_check on netcam_userpass admin:alpha1237 # Output frames at 1 fps when no motion is detected and increase to the # rate given by webcam_maxrate when motion is detected (default: off) webcam_motion off output_all off # detection settings 1-255 default 32 noise_level 50 # Maximum framerate for webcam streams (default: 1) webcam_maxrate 25 pre_capture 0 framerate 25 gap 30 locate on mail [email protected] text_right "FRONT CAMERA %Y/%m/%d - %T" text_double on ffmpeg_cap_new on ffmpeg_cap_motion on ffmpeg_video_codec mpeg4 output_motion off snapshot_interval 0 # Quality of the jpeg (in percent) images produced (default: 50) quality 90 # Restrict webcam connections to localhost only (default: on) webcam_localhost off # Limits the number of images per connection (default: 0 = unlimited) # Number can be defined by multiplying actual webcam rate by desired number of seconds # Actual webcam rate is the smallest of the numbers framerate and webcam_maxrate webcam_limit 0 Issue when I start motion images are stored in /media/videos/log/webcam nearly every second. I hjust want to get images when a motion is detected and the according video clip Any idea where the configuration fails ?

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• Error related to pkg-config when installing frei0r as part of another package

  - by Anentropic

  I am trying to build https://github.com/mltframework/shotcut on OS X Lion (using their script in scripts/build_shotcut.sh) and after numerous hurdles I'm stuck on this error: ./configure: line 16062: syntax error near unexpected token `OPENCV,' ./configure: line 16062: `PKG_CHECK_MODULES(OPENCV, opencv >= 1.0.0, HAVE_OPENCV=true, true)' ERROR: Unable to configure frei0r From what I already googled this means that the PKG_CHECK_MODULES macro hasn't been defined, which probably means there's something wrong with my pkg-config, which I installed via Homebrew. Sounds like the pkg.m4 file isn't found. When I brew install pkg-config I get the following warning: Warning: m4 macros were installed to "share/aclocal". Homebrew does not append "/usr/local/share/aclocal" to "/usr/share/aclocal/dirlist". If an autoconf script you use requires these m4 macros, you'll need to add this path manually. Well I've appended that line to the dirlist file and it doesn't fix the problem above. Can anyone suggest a way forward here? I have briefly tried building my own pkg-config from source but (bizarrely) when I tried to ./configure I got the following error: checking for pkg-config... no ./configure: line 13540: --exists: command not found configure: error: pkg-config and glib-2.0 not found, please set GLIB_CFLAGS and GLIB_LIBS to the correct values if building pkg-config needs pkg-config it seems like a weird catch 22 situation... I think this is probably an unnecessary sidetrack anyway.

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• Numbered paragraphs in Word 2007

  - by Kit

  I have the following styles defined in Word 2007. They all have outline levels 1-6. They also correctly show up in the Table of Contents (not all, I only set the TOC up to Level 3). 1 Heading 1 1.1 Heading 2 1.1.1 Heading 3 1.1.1.1 Heading 4 1.1.1.1.1 Heading 5 1.1.1.1.1.1 Heading 6 This is what I want 1 Heading 1 1.1 Body text under Heading Level 1 1.2 Body text under Heading Level 1 2 Heading 1 2.1 Heading 2 2.1.1 Body text under Heading Level 2 2.1.2 Body text under Heading Level 2 2.1.3 Body text under Heading Level 2 2.2 Heading 2 2.2.1 Body text under Heading Level 2 2.2.2 Body text under Heading Level 2 How do I make two list sequences link to each other? Here's a {fill in the blanks} illustration: {section number} Heading 1 {section number}.{clause number} Body text under Heading Level 1 {section number}.{clause number} Body text under Heading Level 1 The example above should expand to: 1 Heading 1 1.1 Body text under Heading Level 1 1.2 Body text under Heading Level 1 Another example: {section number} Heading 1 {section number}.{subsection number} Heading 2 {section number}.{subsection number}.{clause number} Body text under Heading Level 2 {section number}.{subsection number}.{clause number} Body text under Heading Level 2 should expand to: 2 Heading 1 2.1 Heading 2 2.1.1 Body text under Heading Level 2 2.1.2 Body text under Heading Level 2 2.1.3 Body text under Heading Level 2 The numbered body text paragraphs shouldn't show up the Table of Contents. I couldn't find the right way to do that, whether in multilevel lists, fields, styles, etc. How do I do it right?

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• Contacts in Outlook 2003/2007, some questions

  - by Ernst

  If I create a distribution list and then select members, can I see different fields than the default ones? In 2007 there are radio buttons for 'name only' and 'more columns', but the latter does seem to only result in no results at all, regardless of which address book I choose. In 2003 there is no such thing. Is there a plug in that will break up the recipients (whether they be to, cc, or bcc) in groups of X, and send then a number of mails as required? Our host allows only 50 recipients per mail and only 300 total recipients per 5 minutes. I know the email client blat has exactly this functionality, but it does not seem to be able to connect to the exchange server to get the contacts needed. Could I maybe set outlook to send to blat which then does the breaking up as necessary? Can I (or is there a plug in for this) export only part of the contacts instead of all of them? Note that we send mail outside our organisation via our web host where we've got a few mailboxes, and we use our exchange (2000) server only internally, the few people that can send email to the outside world have an external mailbox as well as their exchange account defined. I might be able to convince our general boss that we can simply give (some) people the ability to send outside via exchange, but I might just as well not succeed. Alternatively, is there another program that can connect to exchange to get the contacts (selected based on categories) and then send via smtp in groups with delays between the mails?

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• How to create a new background process in a KSH "while read" loop?

  - by yael

  The following test script has a problem. When I add the line (sleep 5 ) & in the script then the "while read" loop does not read all lines from the file, but only prints the first line. But when I remove the ( sleep 5 ) & from the script, then the script prints all lines as defined in the file. Why the ( sleep 5 ) & causes this? And how to solve the problem? I want to create a new process (for which the sleep is just an example) in the while loop: $ more test #!/bin/ksh while read -r line ; do echo Read a line: echo $line ( sleep 5 )& RESULT=$! echo Started background sleep with process id $RESULT sleep 1 echo Slept for a second kill $RESULT echo Killed background sleep with process id $RESULT done < file echo Completed On my Linux, when using the following contents of file: $ more file 123 aaa 234 bbb 556 ccc ...running ./test just gives me: Read a line: 123 aaa Started background sleep with process id 4181 Slept for a second Killed background sleep with process id 4181 Completed

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• How to clone a HDD and then use the clone with VMware (so that Windows works!)?

  - by Ahmad

  I have a system on which Windows 7 is installed, and I am trying to make a clone of its HDD image, which I then want to use in my main PC with VMware, so that I can boot Windows 7 off the cloned HDD. I used Ultimate Boot CD v5.1.1 with the system whose HDD I wanted to clone, and I cloned it using EaseUs Disk Copy, which comes with Ultimate Boot CD. The source HDD was 250 GB in size which had 3 partitions, while the USB HDD I attached to the system, which was supposed to be the destination/clone HDD, was 320 GB in size. I chose to create an exact replica, and so 250 GB worth of data (partitions, etc.) was copied exactly, and the rest of the space was un-allocated. I now connected this USB HDD to my main PC, fired up VMware Workstation 8 and defined a new Virtual Machine, and chose to boot off the USB HDD. Result is that when Windows is booting (from the cloned HDD inside VMware), I get the blue screen error before I reach the login screen. How can I change my methodology so that Windows even boots from the clone? I can change any tools I use, etc.

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• Old scheduled task still being started, but can't find it.

  - by JvO

  System: Windows XP Home Summary: Some scheduled task is still being started by Windows, but I can't find it, nor determine where its configuration has been stored. This is turning into a mystery for me... I set up a Windows XP Home machine to run a task at 7:00 AM, using the Task manager. This was a clean install, no users defined, so you got straight to the desktop after starting the machine. The filesystem uses NTFS. Later on, I needed to introduce users, so I created one (named Sam) with administrator privileges. After this I noticed that the scheduled task failed, most likely due to privilege errors (i.e. can't write to a network drive). So I want to delete the old task, and add it again with the correct user credentials. However.... I can't find the old task!! I know it is still being executed at 7:00 AM, but there's no mention anywhere on the system of this task. I've looked in c:\windows\tasks for .job files, but there's only the "MP Scheduled Scan.job" from Security Essentials. I've searched the whole disk for mention of the batch file that is being run, but can't find it. So why is this old task still running, and more importantly, why can't I find it? Would it have something to do with introducing users on XP?

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• Generic/Text Printer on Windows 7 not prompting for file name

  - by Trevor Tippins

  Hope someone can shed some light on this. I am downloading reports from an AIX-based system by directing them to a TT printer which the terminal emulator (MultiView 2000) intercepts and directs to the default printer on the local system. This local printer is configured as a vanilla Generic/Text printer attached to a FILE port. When I print from AIX, the output is spooled down and the local printer prompts for a file name into which to save the file...but not under Windows 7. This has worked fine for many years, on both Win2K and WinXP. However, on Windows 7 the output gets spooled as a file into spool\PRINTERS (and looks as expected) but the print job then hangs with a status of "Error - Printing" and never prompts for a file name. I have to cancel the job. The Generic/Text printer works as expected with other applications. I have tried setting the printer to print directly rather than spooling but this only serves to hang the terminal session too. I've also tried to run the emulator in Windows 2000 Compatibility Mode and as Administrator in case it was something like that but with no luck. As you might expect, it does work fine in XP Mode (as long as I print to a printer defined therein and not the host's printer) but operationally this isn't going to be an option. Obviously this emulation software is a decade old (at least) and I could just cross/upgrade all the users (at a cost) but, before I do so, has anyone seen this sort of behaviour before and found some sort of fix? Remote OS: AIX 5 Client OS: Windows 7 Pro (32-bit) Printer: Generic/Text on a FILE port TE Software: MultiView 2000 (32-bit) Thanks in advance.

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• How can I avoid permission denied errors when attempting to deploy a rails app with capistrano?

  - by joshee

  Total noob here. I'm attempting to deploy an app through Capistrano. I'm getting relentless permission denied errors when I attempt to run cap deploy:update. Seemingly at least some of these errors are due to missing directories that trigger a "Permission Denied" error. (I'm doing setup on root just temporarily.) set :user, 'root' set :domain, 'domainname.com' set :application, 'appname' # adjust if you are using RVM, remove if you are not $:.unshift(File.expand_path('./lib', ENV['rvm_path'])) require "rvm/capistrano" set :rvm_ruby_string, '1.9.2' # file paths set :repository, "ssh://[email protected]/~/git/appname.git" set :deploy_to, "/var/rails/appname" # distribute your applications across servers (the instructions below put them # all on the same server, defined above as 'domain', adjust as necessary) role :app, domain role :web, domain role :db, domain, :primary => true set :deploy_via, :remote_cache set :scm, 'git' set :branch, 'master' set :scm_verbose, true set :use_sudo, false set :rails_env, :production namespace :deploy do desc "cause Passenger to initiate a restart" task :restart do run "touch #{current_path}/tmp/restart.txt" end desc "reload the database with seed data" task :seed do run "cd #{current_path}; rake db:seed RAILS_ENV=#{rails_env}" end end after "deploy:update_code", :bundle_install desc "install the necessary prerequisites" task :bundle_install, :roles => :app do run "cd #{release_path} && bundle install" end Here's my result: ** [domainname.com :: out] Cloning into '/var/rails/appname/shared/cached-copy'... ** [domainname.com :: err] Permission denied, please try again. ** [domainname.com :: err] Permission denied, please try again. ** [domainname.com :: err] Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password). ** [domainname.com :: err] fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly I'm able to ssh without a password, so not sure about that publickey error. By the way, if I run cap deploy:update without set :deploy_via, :remote_cache, here's my result: ** [domainname.com :: out] Cloning into '/var/rails/appname/releases/20120326204237'... ** [domainname.com :: err] Permission denied, please try again. ** [domainname.com :: err] Permission denied, please try again. ** [domainname.com :: err] Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password). ** [domainname.com :: err] fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly command finished Thanks a lot for your help with this.

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• make pentaho report for ubuntu 11.04

  - by Hendri

  currently i'm trying to install Pentaho Reports for OpenERP which is refer from https://github.com/WillowIT/Pentaho-...rver/build.xml i ever installed on some laptops which is Windows Based and it's working, but currently i'm trying on UBuntu 11.04 OS, it prompted me error like this "error build.xml:18: failed to create task or type.." below is the steps i did : 1. install java-6-openjdk comment : "apt-get install java-6-openjdk" then i set installed java jdk into java_home environment command: "nano /etc/environment" add environment with this new line : JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk" I install apache ant command : "apt-get install ant" followed by setting the evnironment command: "nano /etc/environment" add environment with this new line : ANT_HOME="/usr/share/ant" try to check installation with command "ant"... I get message like this: Buildfile: build.xml does not exist! Build failed then download java server from https://github.com/WillowIT/Pentaho-...rver/build.xml and then copied to Ubuntu share folder and then on command form, i goto extracted path which is share folder i mentioned and executed command "ant war " and i got error message : BUILD FAILED /share/java_server/build.xml:18: problem: failed to create task or type antlibrg:apacge.ivy.ant:retrieve cause: The name is undefined. Action:Check the spelling. Action:Check that any custom taks/types have been declared Action:Check that any /declarations have taken place. No types or taks have been defined in this namespace yet This appears to be an antlib declaration. Action:Check that the implementing library exists in one of: -/usr/share/ant/lib -/root/.ant/lib -a directory added on the command line with the -lib argument Total time:0 seconds is there any compability issue? or i miss out some steps? i'm in the some project to rush with for reporting, so please help me to solve this issue i look forward to your corporation to help me solve this issue, thanks a lot in advance Thx Best Regards,

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• SOA, Governance, and Drugs

  Why is IT governance important in service oriented architecture (SOA)? IT Governance provides a framework for making appropriate decisions based on company guidelines and accepted standards. This framework also outlines each stakeholder’s responsibilities and authority when making important architectural or design decisions. Furthermore, this framework of governance defines parameters and constraints that are used to give context and perspective when making decisions. The use of governance as it applies to SOA ensures that specific design principles and patterns are used when developing and maintaining services. When governance is consistently applied systems the following benefits are achieved according to Anne Thomas Manes in 2010. Governance makes sure that services conform to standard interface patterns, common data modeling practices, and promotes the incorporation of existing system functionality by building on top of other available services across a system. Governance defines development standards based on proven design principles and patterns that promote reuse and composition. Governance provides developers a set of proven design principles, standards and practices that promote the reduction in system based component dependencies.  By following these guidelines, individual components will be easier to maintain. For me personally, I am a fan of IT governance, and feel that it valuable part of any corporate IT department. However, depending on how it is implemented can really affect the value of using IT governance.  Companies need to find a way to ensure that governance does not become extreme in its policies and procedures. I know for me personally, I would really dislike working under a completely totalitarian or laissez-faire version of governance. Developers need to be able to be creative in their designs and too much governance can really impede the design process and prevent the most optimal design from being developed. On the other hand, with no governance enforced, no standards will be followed and accepted design patterns will be ignored. I have personally had to spend a lot of time working on this particular scenario and I have found that the concept of code reuse and composition is almost nonexistent.  Based on this, too much time and money is wasted on redeveloping existing aspects of an application that already exist within the system as a whole. I think moving forward we will see a staggered form of IT governance, regardless if it is for SOA or IT in general.  Depending on the size of a company and the size of its IT department,  I can see IT governance as a layered approach in that the top layer will be defined by enterprise architects that focus on abstract concepts pertaining to high level design, general  guidelines, acceptable best practices, and recommended design patterns.  The next layer will be defined by solution architects or department managers that further expand on abstracted guidelines defined by the enterprise architects. This layer will contain further definitions as to when various design patterns, coding standards, and best practices are to be applied based on the context of the solutions that are being developed by the department. The final layer will be defined by the system designer or a solutions architect assed to a project in that they will define what design patterns will be used in a solution, naming conventions, as well as outline how a system will function based on the best practices defined by the previous layers. This layered approach allows for IT departments to be flexible in that system designers have creative leeway in designing solutions to meet the needs of the business, but they must operate within the confines of the abstracted IT governance guidelines.  A real world example of this can be seen in the United States as it pertains to governance of the people in that the US government defines rules and regulations in the abstract and then the state governments take these guidelines and applies them based on the will of the people in each individual state. Furthermore, the county or city governments are the ones that actually enforce these rules based on how they are interpreted by local community.  To further define my example, the United States government defines that marijuana is illegal. Each individual state has the option to determine this regulation as it wishes in that the state of Florida determines that all uses of the drug are illegal, but the state of California legally allows the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes only. Based on these accepted practices each local government enforces these rules in that a police officer will arrest anyone in the state of Florida for having this drug on them if they walk down the street, but in California if a person has a medical prescription for the drug they will not get arrested.  REFERENCESThomas Manes, Anne. (2010). Understanding SOA Governance: http://www.soamag.com/I40/0610-2.php

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• Redirecting or routing all traffic to OpenVPN on a Mac OS X client

  - by sdr56p

  I have configured an OpenVPN (2.2.1) server on an Ubuntu virtual machine in the Amazon elastic compute cloud. The server is up and running. I have installed OpenVPN (2.2.1) on a Mac OS X (10.8.2) client and I am using the openvpn2 binary to connect (in opposition to other clients like Tunnelblick or Viscosity). I can connect with the client and successfully ping or ssh the server through the tunnel. However, I can't redirect all internet traffic through the VPN even if I use the push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" option in the server.conf configurations. When I connect to the server with these configurations, I get a successful connection, but then an infinite series of error messages: "write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65)". Traffic routing seems to be compromised because I am not able to access anything anymore, not even the OpenVPN server (by pinging 10.8.0.1 for instance). This is beyond me. I am finding little help on the web and don't know what to try next. I don't think it is a problem of forwarding the traffic on the server since, first, I have also took care of that and, second, I can't even ping the VPN server locally through the tunnel (or ping anything at all for that matter). Thank you for your help. Here is the server.conf. file: port 1194 proto udp dev tun ca ca.crt cert ec2-server.crt key ec2-server.key # This file should be kept secret dh dh1024.pem server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" client-to-client keepalive 10 120 comp-lzo persist-key persist-tun status openvpn-status.log verb 3 And the client.conf file: client dev tun proto udp remote servername.com 1194 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun ca ca.crt cert Toto5.crt key Toto5.key ns-cert-type server comp-lzo verb 3 Here is the connection log with the error messages: $ sudo openvpn2 --config client.conf Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 OpenVPN 2.2.1 x86_64-apple-darwin12.2.0 [SSL] [LZO2] [eurephia] built on Mar 4 2013 Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 LZO compression initialized Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:138 EF:38 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 Socket Buffers: R=[196724->65536] S=[9216->65536] Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:1450 EF:42 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 Local Options hash (VER=V4): '41690919' Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): '530fdded' Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 UDPv4 link local: [undef] Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 UDPv4 link remote: 54.234.43.171:1194 Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 TLS: Initial packet from 54.234.43.171:1194, sid=ffbaf343 d0c1a266 Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 VERIFY OK: depth=1, /C=US/ST=CA/L=SanFrancisco/O=Fort-Funst ... ost.domain Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 VERIFY OK: nsCertType=SERVER Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 VERIFY OK: depth=0, /C=US/ST=CA/L=SanFrancisco/O=Fort-Funst ... ost.domain Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 1024 bit RSA Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 [ec2-server] Peer Connection Initiated with 54.234.43.171:1194 Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 SENT CONTROL [ec2-server]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,route 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0,topology net30,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.5' Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 ROUTE default_gateway=0.0.0.0 Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 TUN/TAP device /dev/tun0 opened Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 delete ifconfig: ioctl (SIOCDIFADDR): Can't assign requested address Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 NOTE: Tried to delete pre-existing tun/tap instance -- No Problem if failure Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.5 mtu 1500 netmask 255.255.255.255 up Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 /sbin/route add -net 10.8.0.0 10.8.0.5 255.255.255.0 add net 10.8.0.0: gateway 10.8.0.5 Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 Initialization Sequence Completed ^CWed Mar 13 22:58:30 2013 event_wait : Interrupted system call (code=4) Wed Mar 13 22:58:30 2013 TCP/UDP: Closing socket Wed Mar 13 22:58:30 2013 /sbin/route delete -net 10.8.0.0 10.8.0.5 255.255.255.0 delete net 10.8.0.0: gateway 10.8.0.5 Wed Mar 13 22:58:30 2013 Closing TUN/TAP interface Wed Mar 13 22:58:30 2013 SIGINT[hard,] received, process exiting toto5:ttntec2 Dominic$ sudo openvpn2 --config client.conf --remote ec2-54-234-43-171.compute-1.amazonaws.com Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 OpenVPN 2.2.1 x86_64-apple-darwin12.2.0 [SSL] [LZO2] [eurephia] built on Mar 4 2013 Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 LZO compression initialized Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:138 EF:38 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 Socket Buffers: R=[196724->65536] S=[9216->65536] Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:1450 EF:42 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 Local Options hash (VER=V4): '41690919' Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): '530fdded' Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 UDPv4 link local: [undef] Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 UDPv4 link remote: 54.234.43.171:1194 Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 TLS: Initial packet from 54.234.43.171:1194, sid=a0d75468 ec26de14 Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 VERIFY OK: depth=1, /C=US/ST=CA/L=SanFrancisco/O=Fort-Funst ... ost.domain Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 VERIFY OK: nsCertType=SERVER Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 VERIFY OK: depth=0, /C=US/ST=CA/L=SanFrancisco/O=Fort-Funst ... ost.domain Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 1024 bit RSA Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 [ec2-server] Peer Connection Initiated with 54.234.43.171:1194 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 SENT CONTROL [ec2-server]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp,route 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0,topology net30,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.5' Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 ROUTE default_gateway=0.0.0.0 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 TUN/TAP device /dev/tun0 opened Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 delete ifconfig: ioctl (SIOCDIFADDR): Can't assign requested address Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 NOTE: Tried to delete pre-existing tun/tap instance -- No Problem if failure Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.5 mtu 1500 netmask 255.255.255.255 up Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/route add -net 54.234.43.171 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 add net 54.234.43.171: gateway 0.0.0.0 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/route add -net 0.0.0.0 10.8.0.5 128.0.0.0 add net 0.0.0.0: gateway 10.8.0.5 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/route add -net 128.0.0.0 10.8.0.5 128.0.0.0 add net 128.0.0.0: gateway 10.8.0.5 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/route add -net 10.8.0.0 10.8.0.5 255.255.255.0 add net 10.8.0.0: gateway 10.8.0.5 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 Initialization Sequence Completed Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:01 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:01 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:01 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:02 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:02 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:02 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:02 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:02 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) ... The routing table after a connection WITHOUT the push redirect-gateway (all traffic is not redirected to the VPN and everything is working fine, I can ping or ssh the OpenVPN server and access all other Internet resources through my default gateway): Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default user148-1.wireless UGSc 50 0 en1 10.8/24 10.8.0.5 UGSc 2 7 tun0 10.8.0.5 10.8.0.6 UH 3 2 tun0 127 localhost UCS 0 0 lo0 localhost localhost UH 6 6692 lo0 client.openvpn.net client.openvpn.net UH 3 18 lo0 142.1.148/22 link#5 UCS 2 0 en1 user148-1.wireless 0:90:b:27:10:71 UHLWIir 50 0 en1 76 user150-173.wirele localhost UHS 0 0 lo0 142.1.151.255 ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff UHLWbI 0 2 en1 169.254 link#5 UCS 1 0 en1 169.254.255.255 0:90:b:27:10:71 UHLSWi 0 0 en1 71 The routing table after a connection with the push redirect-gateway option enable as in the server.conf file above (all internet traffic should be redirected to the VPN tunnel, but nothing is working, I can't access any Internet ressources at all): Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire 0/1 10.8.0.5 UGSc 1 0 tun0 default user148-1.wireless UGSc 7 0 en1 10.8/24 10.8.0.5 UGSc 0 0 tun0 10.8.0.5 10.8.0.6 UHr 6 0 tun0 54.234.43.171/32 0.0.0.0 UGSc 1 0 en1 127 localhost UCS 0 0 lo0 localhost localhost UH 3 6698 lo0 client.openvpn.net client.openvpn.net UH 0 27 lo0 128.0/1 10.8.0.5 UGSc 2 0 tun0 142.1.148/22 link#5 UCS 1 0 en1 user148-1.wireless 0:90:b:27:10:71 UHLWIir 1 0 en1 833 user150-173.wirele localhost UHS 0 0 lo0 169.254 link#5 UCS 1 0 en1 169.254.255.255 0:90:b:27:10:71 UHLSW 0 0 en1

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• Use autocomplete in dropdown cells with Excel 2007?

  - by Martin

  I want to make a survey with Excel and I therefore have defined the cells for the answers as a dropdown cell which only accepts answers from a certain list, e. g.: The two Lists List1 and List2 (yellow cells) are the possible answers for the questions in Block 1.x resp. 2.x (blue) . There might be a block 4 with more questions, which again use List1 for their possible answers. My problem is: I'd like to be able to use the autocompleate feature to fill in the blue cells with the dropdown menu, so that the user only types 5 and it automatically expands to "5: extremely important" or "5: extremely difficult". According to my research on the www, this should be possible if I add the list with possible answers directly above the cells where autocomplete should work (I did this with the green helper cells which could be hidden) . But I have to enter at least 4 characters 5: e to get the autocompleted suggestion. Is there a way to make autocomplete already replace a "5" by the corresponding valid term? As the survey file shall be distributed to a lot of people "outside", I can not use VBA magic because it may be blocked on their computer and might not work. EDIT: it seems to have to do with the numbers I use: If I'd start my List items with A, B, C instead of 1, 2, 3, it would work perfectly. Excel seems to ignore the pure numbers when they are entered and does not try to autocomplete them.. is there a workaround? (I hope it is clear what I want, it seems a little difficult to explain.)

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• Firefox won't start

  - by Daniel R Hicks

  OK, I've got this problem again, only this time the problem only seems to affect Firefox and Thunderbird. Rebooted several times. Tried resetting to the last restore point, but that didn't work. Tried setting a new Firefox profile, and that didn't work either. The symptom is that you click on the Firefox or Thunderbird icon, the process appears in the Process Explorer list, but the window never opens. Curiously, if Firefox has been "started" this way, Internet Explorer hangs starting until I kill the Firefox process. Any ideas? I suppose the next thing to try is uninstalling and reinstalling Firefox/Thunderbird, but this whole thing is getting old. The box is a Sony Vaio running Windows Vista. It was completely restored from scratch less than two weeks ago, after the last fiasco. (I'm suspecting that my aborted install of Acronis True Image may have mucked things up this time.) Sigh! Another symptom: It occurred to me to try printing something, but if I open "Printers" it just sits there "searching". So something is rotten in the bowels of Windows. Minor update: It occurred to me to kill Internet Explorer (where I'd attempted printing). Then Printers comes up fairly quickly -- with no printers defined. Clicking "Add a printer" does nothing. Update: Well, following this suggestion to stop and restart the print spooler brought the printers back. And, wonder of wonders, Firefox now starts OK. Stopping and restarting the print spooler!!

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