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• high load average, high wait, dmesg raid error messages (debian nfs server)

  - by John Stumbles

  Debian 6 on HP proliant (2 CPU) with raid (2*1.5T RAID1 + 2*2T RAID1 joined RAID0 to make 3.5T) running mainly nfs & imapd (plus samba for windows share & local www for previewing web pages); with local ubuntu desktop client mounting $HOME, laptops accessing imap & odd files (e.g. videos) via nfs/smb; boxes connected 100baseT or wifi via home router/switch uname -a Linux prole 2.6.32-5-686 #1 SMP Wed Jan 11 12:29:30 UTC 2012 i686 GNU/Linux Setup has been working for months but prone to intermittently going very slow (user experience on desktop mounting $HOME from server, or laptop playing videos) and now consistently so bad I've had to delve into it to try to find what's wrong(!) Server seems OK at low load e.g. (laptop) client (with $HOME on local disk) connecting to server's imapd and nfs mounting RAID to access 1 file: top shows load ~ 0.1 or less, 0 wait but when (desktop) client mounts $HOME and starts user KDE session (all accessing server) then top shows e.g. top - 13:41:17 up 3:43, 3 users, load average: 9.29, 9.55, 8.27 Tasks: 158 total, 1 running, 157 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.4%us, 0.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 49.0%id, 49.7%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.5%si, 0.0%st Mem: 903856k total, 851784k used, 52072k free, 171152k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 476896k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 3935 root 20 0 2456 1088 784 R 2 0.1 0:00.02 top 1 root 20 0 2028 680 584 S 0 0.1 0:01.14 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 3 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.12 ksoftirqd/0 5 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0 6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/1 7 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.16 ksoftirqd/1 8 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/1 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.42 events/0 10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:02.26 events/1 11 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuset 12 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper 13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 netns 14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 async/mgr 15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 pm 16 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.02 sync_supers 17 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.02 bdi-default 18 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 kintegrityd/0 19 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 kintegrityd/1 20 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.02 kblockd/0 21 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.08 kblockd/1 22 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpid 23 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpi_notify 24 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpi_hotplug 25 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 kseriod 28 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:04.19 kondemand/0 29 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:02.93 kondemand/1 30 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 khungtaskd 31 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.18 kswapd0 32 root 25 5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 ksmd 33 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/0 34 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/1 35 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 crypto/0 36 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 crypto/1 203 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 ksuspend_usbd 204 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 khubd 205 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 ata/0 206 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 ata/1 207 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.14 ata_aux 208 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.01 scsi_eh_0 dmesg suggests there's a disk problem: .............. (previous episode) [13276.966004] raid1:md0: read error corrected (8 sectors at 489900360 on sdc7) [13276.966043] raid1: sdb7: redirecting sector 489898312 to another mirror [13279.569186] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x0 action 0x0 [13279.569211] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000008 [13279.569230] ata4.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED [13279.569257] ata4.00: cmd 60/08:00:00:6a:05/00:00:23:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 4096 in [13279.569262] res 41/40:00:05:6a:05/00:00:23:00:00/40 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F> [13279.569306] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR } [13279.569321] ata4.00: error: { UNC } [13279.575362] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133 [13279.575388] ata4: EH complete [13283.169224] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x0 action 0x0 [13283.169246] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000008 [13283.169263] ata4.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED [13283.169289] ata4.00: cmd 60/08:00:00:6a:05/00:00:23:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 4096 in [13283.169294] res 41/40:00:07:6a:05/00:00:23:00:00/40 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F> [13283.169331] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR } [13283.169345] ata4.00: error: { UNC } [13283.176071] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133 [13283.176104] ata4: EH complete [13286.224814] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x0 action 0x0 [13286.224837] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000008 [13286.224853] ata4.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED [13286.224879] ata4.00: cmd 60/08:00:00:6a:05/00:00:23:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 4096 in [13286.224884] res 41/40:00:06:6a:05/00:00:23:00:00/40 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F> [13286.224922] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR } [13286.224935] ata4.00: error: { UNC } [13286.231277] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133 [13286.231303] ata4: EH complete [13288.802623] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x0 action 0x0 [13288.802646] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000008 [13288.802662] ata4.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED [13288.802688] ata4.00: cmd 60/08:00:00:6a:05/00:00:23:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 4096 in [13288.802693] res 41/40:00:05:6a:05/00:00:23:00:00/40 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F> [13288.802731] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR } [13288.802745] ata4.00: error: { UNC } [13288.808901] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133 [13288.808927] ata4: EH complete [13291.380430] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x0 action 0x0 [13291.380453] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000008 [13291.380470] ata4.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED [13291.380496] ata4.00: cmd 60/08:00:00:6a:05/00:00:23:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 4096 in [13291.380501] res 41/40:00:05:6a:05/00:00:23:00:00/40 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F> [13291.380577] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR } [13291.380594] ata4.00: error: { UNC } [13291.386517] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133 [13291.386543] ata4: EH complete [13294.347147] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x0 action 0x0 [13294.347169] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000008 [13294.347186] ata4.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED [13294.347211] ata4.00: cmd 60/08:00:00:6a:05/00:00:23:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 4096 in [13294.347217] res 41/40:00:06:6a:05/00:00:23:00:00/40 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F> [13294.347254] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR } [13294.347268] ata4.00: error: { UNC } [13294.353556] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133 [13294.353583] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Unhandled sense code [13294.353590] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE [13294.353599] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Sense Key : Medium Error [current] [descriptor] [13294.353610] Descriptor sense data with sense descriptors (in hex): [13294.353616] 72 03 11 04 00 00 00 0c 00 0a 80 00 00 00 00 00 [13294.353635] 23 05 6a 06 [13294.353644] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed [13294.353657] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 23 05 6a 00 00 00 08 00 [13294.353675] end_request: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 587557382 [13294.353726] ata4: EH complete [13294.366953] raid1:md0: read error corrected (8 sectors at 489900544 on sdc7) [13294.366992] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489898496 to another mirror and they're happening quite frequently, which I guess is liable to account for the performance problem(?) # dmesg | grep mirror [12433.561822] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489900464 to another mirror [12449.428933] raid1: sdb7: redirecting sector 489900504 to another mirror [12464.807016] raid1: sdb7: redirecting sector 489900512 to another mirror [12480.196222] raid1: sdb7: redirecting sector 489900520 to another mirror [12495.585413] raid1: sdb7: redirecting sector 489900528 to another mirror [12510.974424] raid1: sdb7: redirecting sector 489900536 to another mirror [12526.374933] raid1: sdb7: redirecting sector 489900544 to another mirror [12542.619938] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489900608 to another mirror [12559.431328] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489900616 to another mirror [12576.553866] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489900624 to another mirror [12592.065265] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489900632 to another mirror [12607.621121] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489900640 to another mirror [12623.165856] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489900648 to another mirror [12638.699474] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489900656 to another mirror [12655.610881] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489900664 to another mirror [12672.255617] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489900672 to another mirror [12672.288746] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489900680 to another mirror [12672.332376] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489900688 to another mirror [12672.362935] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489900696 to another mirror [12674.201177] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489900704 to another mirror [12698.045050] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489900712 to another mirror [12698.089309] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489900720 to another mirror [12698.111999] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489900728 to another mirror [12698.134006] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489900736 to another mirror [12719.034376] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489900744 to another mirror [12734.545775] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489900752 to another mirror [12734.590014] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489900760 to another mirror [12734.624050] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489900768 to another mirror [12734.647308] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489900776 to another mirror [12734.664657] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489900784 to another mirror [12734.710642] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489900792 to another mirror [12734.721919] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489900800 to another mirror [12734.744732] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489900808 to another mirror [12734.779330] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489900816 to another mirror [12782.604564] raid1: sdb7: redirecting sector 1242934216 to another mirror [12798.264153] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 1242935080 to another mirror [13245.832193] raid1: sdb7: redirecting sector 489898296 to another mirror [13261.376929] raid1: sdb7: redirecting sector 489898304 to another mirror [13276.966043] raid1: sdb7: redirecting sector 489898312 to another mirror [13294.366992] raid1: sdc7: redirecting sector 489898496 to another mirror although the arrays are still running on all disks - they haven't given up on any yet: # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] [raid0] md10 : active raid0 md0[0] md1[1] 3368770048 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks md1 : active raid1 sde2[2] sdd2[1] 1464087824 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid1 sdb7[0] sdc7[2] 1904684920 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> So I think I have some idea what the problem is but I am not a linux sysadmin expert by the remotest stretch of the imagination and would really appreciate some clue checking here with my diagnosis and what do I need to do: obviously I need to source another drive for sdc. (I'm guessing I could buy a larger drive if the price is right: I'm thinking that one day I'll need to grow the size of the array and that would be one less drive to replace with a larger one) then use mdadm to fail out the existing sdc, remove it and fit the new drive fdisk the new drive with the same size partition for the array as the old one had use mdadm to add the new drive into the array that sound OK?

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• How does SELinux affect the /home directory?

  - by Matt Solnit

  Hi everyone. I'm migrating a CentOS 5.3 system from MySQL to PostgreSQL. The way our machine is set up is that the biggest disk partition is mounted to /home. This is out of my control and is managed by the hosting provider. Anyway, we obviously want the database files to be on /home for this reason. With MySQL, we did the following: Edited my.cnf and changed the datadir setting to /home/mysql Added a new "File type" policy record (I hope I'm using the right terminology) to set /home/mysql(/.*)? to mysqld_db_t Ran restorecon -R /home/mysql to assign the labels and everything was good. With PostgreSQL, however, I did the following: Edited /etc/init.d/postgresql and changed the PGDATA and PGLOG variables to /home/pgsql/data and /home/pgsql/pgstartup.log, respectively Added a new policy record to set /home/pgsql/pgstartup.log to postgresql_log_t Added a new policy record to set /home/pgsql/data(/.*)? to postgresql_db_t Ran restorecon -R /home/pgsql to assign the labels At this point, I still cannot start PostgreSQL. pgstartup.log says: # cat pgstartup.log postmaster cannot access the server configuration file "/home/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf": Permission denied The weird thing is that I don't see any messages related to this in /var/log/messages or /var/log/secure, but if I turn off SElinux, then everything works. I made sure all the permissions are correct (600 for files and 700 for directories), as well as the ownership (postgres:postgres). Can anyone tell me what I am doing wrong? I'm using the Yum repository from commandprompt.com, version 8.3.7. EDIT: The reason my question specifically mentions the /home directory is that if I go through all these steps for any other directory, e.g. /var/lib/pgsql2 or /usr/local/pgsql, then it works as expected.

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• Everything on hard drive suddenly vanished without explanation, but the drive seems otherwise functional

  - by user160705

  Windows 7 Ultimate x64 Custom-built desktop I have a new desktop that I built a few months ago that has a four-year-old WD hard drive and a two-year-old drive. I had set it up so that the newer drive had Windows and most of my files on it while the older drive had my music library, some movies and games, and a backup of all of my documents. About a month ago, I installed some new case fans and, in the process, I temporarily unplugged my hard drive (while the computer was off of course - I took all the necessary precautions) for wire management. I plugged it back in, and didn't really think anything of it. At around that time, however, I noticed that my older hard drive wasn't showing up in Windows Explorer anymore but I didn't really have time to check into it (I had just started college) and I'm finally getting a chance to now. That drive doesn't show up in Windows Explorer at all but it does show up in Disk Management. That screen shows the following: http://puu.sh/17mMN Any idea what happened? Is there any way to recover my files? Thanks in advance for your help! EDIT: The music and games and stuff used to be on "Disc 1", the 465.71 GB of what is now showing as unallocated space.

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• iTunes' clandestine proxy settings

  - by pilcrow

  Problem: One user's iTunes consults a defunct HTTP proxy, but only for iTunes Store HTTP requests -- other iTunes web requests are unproxied. How do I dismiss this spurious proxy setting? Background: It's not as easy as Internet Options. Years ago my network had a mandatory HTTP proxy at 172.31.1.1:8080. When we switched to the 192.168.1/24 space and eliminated the proxy, this user's iTunes -- the only iTunes user at the time -- could no longer contact the iTunes Store, an operation which fails with "unknown error -9808". This has been the case through several iTunes.exe upgrades over the years and prevents, among other things, activation of a new or newly upgraded iPhone. wireshark and TCPView confirm that this user's iTunes.exe is attempting to contact the long-defunct http proxy when attempting to reach the iTunes Store, but is otherwise unproxied. Curious details: No other iTunes.exe HTTP traffic for this user is affected -- iTunes can successfully make HTTP chatter at Apple's servers. No other web traffic at all is proxied, whether this user or others, iTunes or browser, etc. I cannot find the spurious proxy setting anywhere in the registry nor on disk, though perhaps I haven't thought of every place to look and every format to look for. Other users who have experienced the same error code all seem to have unrelated web configuration problems (certificate validation, for example). UPDATE in response to Phoshi's excellent suggestion, reinstallation hasn't done the trick.

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• Re: How can Django/WSGI and PHP share / on Apache?

  - by Bogdan

  in response to: How can Django/WSGI and PHP share / on Apache? Hello, could you please post the complete config file from /sites-available I am having a problem seems like rewrite engine redirects all requests to django, so static and php files are not served and instead i see the django 404 page. If I get rid of rewrite rule then static files and php works. here is my apache config file from /sites-available <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost DocumentRoot /home/www/django <Directory /> Options +FollowSymLinks ExecCGI Indexes AllowOverride None DirectoryIndex index.php AddHandler wsgi-script .wsgi </Directory> RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /mysite.wsgi/$1 [QSA,PT,L] ~ and my .wsgi file: import site site.addsitedir('/home/user/.virtualenvs/url.com/lib/python2.6/site-packages') import os, sys path = '/home/www/django' if path not in sys.path: sys.path.append(path) os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'mysite.settings' sys.path.append(path + '/mysite') import django.core.handlers.wsgi _application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler() import posixpath def application(environ, start_response): # Wrapper to set SCRIPT_NAME to actual mount point. environ['SCRIPT_NAME'] = posixpath.dirname(environ['SCRIPT_NAME']) if environ['SCRIPT_NAME'] == '/': environ['SCRIPT_NAME'] = '' return _application(environ, start_response) the document root directory on disk (/home/www/django) contains php files, images, and the mysite.wsgi file.. thanks for your help

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• What tells initramfs or the Ubuntu Server boot process how to assemble RAID arrays?

  - by Brad

  The simple question: how does initramfs know how to assemble mdadm RAID arrays at startup? My problem: I boot my server and get: Gave up waiting for root device. ALERT! /dev/disk/by-uuid/[UUID] does not exist. Dropping to a shell! This happens because /dev/md0 (which is /boot, RAID 1) and /dev/md1 (which is /, RAID 5) are not being assembled correctly. What I get is /dev/md0 isn't assembled at all. /dev/md1 is assembled, but instead of using /dev/sda2, /dev/sdb2, /dev/sdc2, and /dev/sdd2, it uses /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc, /dev/sdd. To fix this and boot my server I do: $(initramfs) mdadm --stop /dev/md1 $(initramfs) mdadm --assemble /dev/md0 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 $(initramfs) mdadm --assemble /dev/md1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdd2 $(initramfs) exit And it boots properly and everything works. Now I just need the RAID arrays to assemble properly at boot so I don't have to manually assemble them. I've checked /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf and the UUIDs of the two arrays listed in that file match the UUIDs from $ mdadm --detail /dev/md[0,1]. Other details: Ubuntu 10.10, GRUB2, mdadm 2.6.7.1 UPDATE: I have a feeling it has to do with superblocks. $ mdadm --examine /dev/sda outputs the same thing as $ mdadm --examine /dev/sda2. $ mdadm --examine /dev/sda1 seems to be fine because it outputs information about /dev/md0. I don't know if this is the problem or not, but it seems to fit with /dev/md1 getting assembled with /dev/sd[abcd] instead of /dev/sd[abcd]2. I tried zeroing the superblock on /dev/sd[abcd]. This removed the superblock from /dev/sd[abcd]2 as well and prevented me from being able to assemble /dev/md1 at all. I had to $ mdadm --create to get it back. This also put the super blocks back to the way they were.

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• Windows NT from vmware to kvm

  - by Luca Rossi

  I'm trying to convert a couple of old Windows NT virtual servers from vmware to KVM. I tried almost all guidelines and how to I found around the web but with no luck. I have the vmware virtual disk: Dlc1.vmdk partitioned image. I converted the vmdk into qcow2 image with the qemu utility and I tried to use it with kvm: kvm -hda test.qemu -vnc :1 -m 750 but I receive "error loading operating system" I also tried with raw partitions I can mount through losetup and kpartx. but nothing changed I also tried to create an brand new image file with: qemu-img create -f qcow2 test.qcow2 2G I partitioned the new image file and I copied the original partition 1 to the new partition 1 with dd: dd if=/dev/mapper/loop1p1 of=/dev/mapper/loop0p1 bs=128M no luck again I also tried with a single unpartitioned file: qemu-img create -f qcow2 test.qcow2 2G and I copied the partition 1 to the new image file: dd if=/dev/mapper/loop0p1 of=test.img bs=128M but when booting, I receive a black screen and the virtual machine hangs. The bootloader is loaded successfully, because I also tried with a GRUB live iso and I receive the same screens and errors. Note that grub sees the Windows setup and give me the boot choice. I have the suspect the problem is that the vmware machine is probably a scsi guest and in centos 6 (my system) scsi emulation is no longer supported. But in that case, where to change in Windows? I'm not so skilled with MS systems. Thank you for the help Luca Rossi

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• SAN performance issues storing SQL Server tempdb on a SAN that's being backed up

  - by user42724

  I'm afraid I don't know much about SAN's so please forgive my lack of detail or technical terms. As a developer I've just completed and put on an existing production system a new application but it would appear to have tipped the scales regarding the performance of the backups being taken from the SAN. As I understand it there's a mirror of the SAN being taken usually constantly at the block-level. However, there seem to be so many new writes to the disk that the SAN mirroring/backup process can no longer keep up. I believe I've narrowed this down to SQL Servers tempdb which exists on a drive that contributes the largest portion of the problem! In fact I think tempdb has be contributing the largest portion of the issues all along regardless of my application! My question therefore is whether the tempdb should ever be mirrored or backed on the SAN and whether anyone else has gone through this sort of pain already? I'm wondering whether it's a best practise to make sure that tempdb is never mirrored on a SAN simply because any writes to it don't need to be saved. This also raises a slightly connected question - is it better to rely on SQL Servers built-in database backups tools (DB in full-recovery mode with full/differential and transaction log backups) or, as is the case with our application, SQL server is in simple recovery mode and never backed up since the SAN is mirrored and backed up? Many thanks

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• How to automatically remove Flash history/privacy trail? Or stop Flash from storing it?

  - by Arjan van Bentem

  Many people have heard about third-party cookies, and some browsers even block those by default. Some people may even be using Private Browsing modes. However, only few seem to realise that Adobe's Flash player also leaves a cross-browser trail on your local hard drive, and allows for sending cookie-like information back to the server, including third-party sites. And because it is a plugin, Flash does not take any of the browser's privacy settings into account. Sorry for the long post, but first some details about why using Flash raises a privacy concern, followed by the results of my tests: The Flash player keeps a cross-browser history of the domain names of the Flash-sites your computer has visited. Unlike your browser's history, this history is not limited to a certain number of days. History is also recorded while using so-called Private Browsing modes. It is stored on your hard drive (though, as described below, without going to Adobe's site you won't know what is stored). I am not sure if any date and time information is kept about each visit, but to see the domain names: right-click on some Flash content, open the settings dialog, and click the Help icon or click the Advanced button within the Privacy tab. This opens a browser to the help pages on Adobe.com, where one can click through to the Website Storage Settings panel. One can clear the existing list, but one cannot stop it from being recorded again. Flash allows for storing data on your local hard drive, using so-called Local Shared Objects (aka "Flash Cookies"). Just like HTTP cookies, this data can be sent back to the server, for tracking purposes. They are cross-browser, have no expiration date, and no user defined maximum lifetime can be set in the Flash preferences either. These not being HTTP cookies, they are (of course) not blocked by a browser's cookies preferences and are not removed when the normal HTTP cookies are deleted. Adobe has announced that version 10.1 will obey Private Browsing in most popular browsers, but unfortunately no word about also removing the data whenever normal cookies are deleted manually. And its implementation might be confusing: [..] if the browser is in normal browsing mode when the Flash Player instance is created, then that particular instance will forever be in normal browsing mode (private browsing is turned off). Accordingly, toggling private browsing on or off without refreshing the page or closing the private browsing window will not impact Flash Player. Local Shared Objects are not limited to the site you visit, and third-party storage is enabled by default. At the Global Storage Settings panel one can deselect the default Allow third-party Flash content to store data on your computer. Because of the cross-browser and expiration-less nature (and the fact that few people know about it), I feel that the cross-browser third-party Flash Cookies are more dangerous for visitor tracking than third-party normal HTTP cookies. They are even used to restore plain HTTP cookies that the user tried to delete: "All advertisers, websites and networks use cookies for targeted advertising, but cookies are under attack. According to current research they are being erased by 40% of users creating serious problems," says Mookie Tenembaum, founder of United Virtualities. "From simple frequency capping to the more sophisticated behavioral targeting, cookies are an essential part of any online ad campaign. PIE ["Persistent Identification Element"] will give publishers and third-party providers a persistent backup to cookies effectively rendering them unassailable", adds Tenembaum. [..] To justify this tracking mechanism, UV's Tenembaum said, "The user is not proficient enough in technology to know if the cookie is good or bad, or how it works." When selecting None (zero KB) for Specify the amount of disk space that website websites that you haven't yet visited can use to store information on your computer, and checking Never ask again then some sites do not work. However, the same site might work when setting it to None but without selecting Never ask again, and then choose Deny whenever prompted. Both options would result in zero KB of data being allowed, but the behaviour differs. The plugin also provides a Flash Player cache for Adobe-signed files. I guess these files are not an issue. So: how to automatically delete that information? On a Mac, one can find a settings.sol file and a folder for each visited Flash-website in: $HOME/Library/Preferences/Macromedia/Flash Player/macromedia.com/support/flashplayer/sys/ Deleting the settings.sol file and all the folders in sys, removes the trail from the settings panels. However, the actual Local Shared Ojects are elsewhere (see Wikipedia for locations on other operating systems), in a randomly named subfolder of: $HOME/Library/Preferences/Macromedia/Flash Player/#SharedObjects But then: how to remove this automatically? Simply removing the folders and the settings.sol file every now and then (like by using launchd or Windows' Task Scheduler) may interfere with active browsers. Or is it safe to assume that, given the cross-browser nature, the plugin would not care if things are removed while it is active? Only clearing during log-off may not work for those who hibernate all the time. Firefox users can install BetterPrivacy or Objection to delete the Local Shared Objects (for all others browsers as well). I don't know if that also deletes the trail of website domain names. Or: how to stop Flash from storing a history trail? Change of plans: I'm currently testing prohibiting Flash to write to its own sys and #SharedObjects folders. So far, Flash has not tried to restore permissions (though, when deleting the folders, Flash will of course recreate them). I've not encountered any problems but this may take some while to validate, using multiple browsers and sites. I've not yet found a log that reports errors. On a Mac: cd "$HOME/Library/Preferences/Macromedia/Flash Player/macromedia.com/support/flashplayer" rm -r sys/* chmod u-w sys cd "$HOME/Library/Preferences/Macromedia/Flash Player" # preserve the randomly named subfolders (only preserving the latest would suffice; see below) rm -r \#SharedObjects/*/* chmod -R u-w \#SharedObjects I guess the above chmods cannot be achieved on an old Windows system (I'm not sure about XP and Vista?). Though maybe on Windows one could replace the folders sys and #SharedObjects with dummy files with the same names? Anyone? Obviously, keeping Flash from storing those Local Shared Objects for all sites may cause problems. Some test results (Flash 10 on Mac OS X): When blocking the sys folder (even when leaving the #SharedObjects folder writable) then YouTube won't remember your volume settings while viewing multiple videos. Temporarily allowing write access to the blocked folders while visiting trusted sites (to only create folders for domains you like, maybe including references in settings.sol) solves that. This way, for YouTube, Flash could be allowed to write to sys/#s.ytimg.com and #SharedObjects/s.ytimg.com, while Flash could not create new folders for other domains. One may also need to make settings.sol read-only afterwards, or delete it again. When blocking both the sys and #SharedObjects folders, YouTube and Vimeo work fine (though they might not remember any settings). However, Bits on the Run refuses to even show the video player. This is solved by temporarily unblocking the #SharedObjects folder, to allow Flash to create a subfolder with some random name. Within this folder, it would create yet another folder for the current Flash website (content.bitsontherun.com). Removing that website-specific folder, and blocking both #SharedObjects and the randomly named subfolder, still seems to allow Bits on the Run to operate, even though it still cannot write anything to disk. So: the existence of the randomly named subfolder (even when write protected) is important for some sites. When I first found the #SharedObjects folder, it held many subfolders with random names, some created on the very same day. I wonder when Flash decides it wants a new folder, and how it determines (and remembers) that random name. For a moment I considered not blocking write access for sys and #SharedObjects, but explicitly creating read-only folders for well-known third-party tracking domains (like based on a list from, for example, AdBlock Plus). That way, any other domain could still create Local Shared Objects. But the list would be long, and the domains from AdBlock Plus are probably all third-party domains anyway, so disabling Allow third-party Flash content to store data on your computer might have the very same result. Any experience anyone? (Final notes: if the above links to the settings panels do not work in the future, then use the URL that is known to Flash player as a starting point: www.adobe.com/go/settingsmanager. See also "You Deleted Your Cookies? Think Again" at Wired.com -- which uses Flash cookies itself as well... For the very suspicious using Time Machine: you may want to exclude both folders, for each user, and remove the trace that is already on your backup.)

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• Subversion and Quickbooks Files

  - by Jorge Fernandez

  I currently have a large problem on one of the file servers I manage for an Accounting Firm. Quickbooks has a tendency to create multiple files of the same thing over and over to prevent data loss. This is a good thing when you handle just a few files. But at an accounting firm it becomes a problem. Some of the older clients have 5-10 files in their respective folders, each with a different cut off date. Because of user error some of these file aren't labeled properly with their correct cutoff dates. This is where Subversion came to mind. Using the revision system would allow for 1 file to be master and have all of its revisions. Has anyone ever tried this with Quickbooks files? I've only used SVN with code for applications making each file size much smaller. How does SVN stand up with larger files like 10-25MB? I'm not exactly sure how SVN handles revisions - does it keep a duplicate of the files and duplicates the disk space space needed?

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• Linux Distro for Beginners

  - by XLR3204S

  Well... I know that's the question arising all over the Internet, but I couldn't find an answer to suit me after googling for quite some time. I'd like to get a Linux distribution, and start learning using the CLI. I'm looking for a distribution already having GNOME installed, as I'll be using Linux-Command.org as my learning resource, and I'm not very familiar with CLI-based web browsers. I'd mainly like to get to know my way around a UNIX-based system, and then I think I'd like to pick up a CLI-only distribution, and start doing more complex stuff. I've tried Ubuntu, Fedora Core, OpenSolaris and FreeBSD (the last two aren't linux distros, I know). Ubuntu and FC are fine, they do come with Firefox, but I'm not really sure they're meant for learning purposes. OpenSolaris was OK as well, but I haven't got to play with it enough. FreeBSD 7.2 did not want to install itself on my 13" MacBook Pro, it generated a kernel panic everytime while copying the files to the disk. So to sum this up, I'm trying to learn Linux, and I'm willing to invest time into this (that is, not giving up when the first problems arise). I also have intermediate knowledge of C++, if it helps, and I'm also using the CLI-vim to write small C++ CLI-based programs, so text editing should be any problem. And... speaking of Macs, how am I going to be limited if I try to learn how to use UNIX-based systems using the OS X Terminal? It uses bash 3.2, isn't this the same shell as the one found on most of the Linux machines? How does the fact that OS X is based on FreeBSD 4.4, if I'm not mistaking, affect this? Thanks in advance, and hopefully, I'll have a starting point ASAP.

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• Windows 7 AIK help

  - by microchasm

  I've just got in a few Windows 7 (64, Windows 7 Professional) machines, and I'm trying to get the AIK 2010 working. I've set up one of the machines, and installed AIK and MDT on it. I've followed the directions at http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd349348%28WS.10%29.aspx about 3 times now, and also tried the built-in .chm help files that came with AIK. In AIK I grab the install.wim image off the OEM cd, at which point it asks me which version (I select Professional). I follow the rest of the instructions creating a new Autounattend answer file, and fill in the various bits and pieces according the the step-by-step guides. I verify the Answer file (No warnings or errors), save it, and copy it onto a USB drive. I go to another machine, insert it's OEM Win7 Disk, and power on. I've set BIOS to boot from CD, so it goes directly into the installation. Once The files are loaded, and Setup starts, it immediately asks which version to install (Home basic, Home Premium, Professiona, Ultimate). Ugh, I thought it was supposed to be an automated install, and that selecting the Version when opening the .wim file would answer this question. I looked for an option to set which version to be installed on the net, in the help, and in AIK itself; to no avail. Anyway, just for laughs I select Professional,and hit continue. It copies files for about 10 seconds, then fails with the following error: "Setup was unable to create a new system partition or locate an existing system partition. See the setup log files for more information. [OK]". Clicking OK reboots the box, and obviously there are no log files because the OS isn't installed. It is a Dell Optiplex 380 , Intel Core Duo 2.93 GHzl 4 GB RAM, 64 Bit. Any help would be REALLY appreciated.

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• Strange performance issue with Dell R7610 and LSI 2208 RAID controller

  - by GregC

  Connecting controller to any of the three PCIe x16 slots yield choppy read performance around 750 MB/sec Lowly PCIe x4 slot yields steady 1.2 GB/sec read Given same files, same Windows Server 2008 R2 OS, same RAID6 24-disk Seagate ES.2 3TB array on LSI 9286-8e, same Dell R7610 Precision Workstation with A03 BIOS, same W5000 graphics card (no other cards), same settings etc. I see super-low CPU utilization in both cases. SiSoft Sandra reports x8 at 5GT/sec in x16 slot, and x4 at 5GT/sec in x4 slot, as expected. I'd like to be able to rely on the sheer speed of x16 slots. What gives? What can I try? Any ideas? Please assist Cross-posted from http://en.community.dell.com/support-forums/desktop/f/3514/t/19526990.aspx Follow-up information We did some more performance testing with reading from 8 SSDs, connected directly (without an expander chip). This means that both SAS cables were utilized. We saw nearly double performance, but it varied from run to run: {2.0, 1.8, 1.6, and 1.4 GB/sec were observed, then performance jumped back up to 2.0}. The SSD RAID0 tests were conducted in a x16 PCIe slot, all other variables kept the same. It seems to me that we were getting double the performance of HDD-based RAID6 array. Just for reference: maximum possible read burst speed over single channel of SAS 6Gb/sec is 570 MB/sec due to 8b/10b encoding and protocol limitations (SAS cable provides four such channels).

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• Blue screen of death while installing any Adobe Air application

  - by Gaurav Sharma

  Whenever I try to install an Air application I get a Blue Screen and then my system restarts. I cannot even take a screenshot of it. This happens with every air application I try to install. I also searched for the same on Adobe forums and found the same problem being faced by someone else. His problem was resolved by uninstalling a software named "Folder Lock". I searched my hard disk for this software and found one, so I deleted that software (shift+delete) and removed all it's traces from registry too but that still doesn't solved the problem. I also tried disabling the antivirus software and then install the air application but this also didn't helped. Here is the screenshot of the BSOD. I was able to install air applications earlier, but now I can't. Anybody having same sort of problem. One colleague of mine is also having the same problem. Please help me out. My system's config is as follows: Windows XP Home sp3 Flash Builder 4, with SDK 4.1, 3.5 installed in it. Adobe Air v 2.5 1.5 GB RAM 1.66 MHz processor Thanks

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• Getting at fsid under Linux? Or an alternate way of identifying filesystems?

  - by larsks

  In an environment with automounted home directories, such that the same filesystem exported by a fileserver may be mounted multiple times on the client, I would like to authoritatively be able to identify whether two mountpoints are in fact the same filesystem. That is, if the remote server exports: /home And the local client has: # mount fileserver:/home/l/lars on /home/lars type nfs (rw...) fileserver:/home/b/bob on /home/bob type nfs (rw...) I am looking for a way to identify that both /home/lars and /home/bob are in fact the same filesystem. In theory this is what the fsid result of the statvfs structure is for, but in all cases, for both local and remote filesystems, I am finding that the value of this structure member is 0. Is this some sort of client-side issue? Or do most modern NFS servers simply decline to provide a useful fsid? The end goal of all of this is to robustly interpret the output from the quota command for NFS filesystems. For example, given the example above, running quota as myself may return something like: Disk quotas for user lars (uid 6580): Filesystem blocks quota limit grace files quota limit grace otherserver:/vol/home0/a/alice 12 52428800 52428800 4 4294967295 4294967295 fileserver:/home/l/lars 9353032 9728000 10240000 124018 0 0 ...the problem here being that there exists a quota for me on otherserver which is visible in the results of the quota command, even though my home directory is actually on a different device. My plan was to look up the fsid for each mountpoint listed in the quota output and check to see if it matched the fsid associated with my home directory. It looks like this won't work, so...any suggestions?

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• Xen HVM networking wont work

  - by Nathan

  I'm trying to get a Xen HVM network working using route however I am failing. Xen PV works fine using Ubuntu but when installing Ubuntu on HVM it fails to pick up the network. I'll let you know now that I'm not that experienced with Xen so I would appreciate any help. vm104 is the HVM thats causing me the problems, here is the configs that I believe should help resolve the problem. [root@eros vm104]# cat vm104.cfg import os, re arch = os.uname()[4] if re.search('64', arch): arch_libdir = 'lib64' else: arch_libdir = 'lib' kernel = '/usr/lib/xen/boot/hvmloader' builder = 'hvm' memory = 6000 shadow_memory = '8' cpu_weight = 256 name = 'vm104' vif = ['type=ioemu, ip=85.25.x.y, vifname=vifvm104.0, mac=00:16:3e:52:3d:fe, bridge=xenbr0'] acpi = 1 apic = 1 vnc = 1 vcpus = 4 vncdisplay = 3 vncviewer = 0 vncconsole = 1 vnclisten = '217.118.x.y' vncpasswd = 'kCfb5S4tE7' serial = 'pty' disk = ['phy:/dev/vpsvg/vm104_img,hda,w', 'file:/home/solusvm/xen/iso/Windows-Server-2008-RC2.iso,hdc:cdrom,r'] device_model = '/usr/' + arch_libdir + '/xen/bin/qemu-dm' boot = 'cd' sdl = '0' usbdevice = 'tablet' pae=1 [root@eros /]# cat /etc/xen/xend-config.sxp | egrep -v "(^#.*|^$)" (xend-unix-server yes) (xend-unix-path /var/lib/xend/xend-socket) (xend-relocation-hosts-allow '^localhost$ ^localhost\\.localdomain$') (network-script network-route) (vif-script vif-route) (network-script 'network-route netdev=eth0') (dom0-min-mem 256) (dom0-cpus 0) (vnc-listen '0.0.0.0') (vncpasswd '') (keymap 'en-us') The Windows install will not pick up the network - I've tried setting the IP manually by using the Xen servers IP as the gateway and setting the main IP in Windows but no luck. If anyone needs any more information let me know and I appreciate any input!

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• How do I add a VMware ESXi Host to Microsoft Virtual Machine Manager?

  - by user63250

  I am trying to manage virtual machines running on a VMware ESXi host using Microsoft System Center Virtual Machine Manager. I was able to add the ESXi machine using the "Add VMware VirtualCenter server" option, but can't access any of the VMs on the datastore associated with this ESXi server. The datastore of the ESXi box is showing up with the correct name, but it won't let me see any of the VMs that have already been created; I get "There are no virtual machines on this host." Because I couldn't get any of the existing virtual machines to show up, I tried creating some new ones. When using VMM to connect to ESXi and create new VMs, I get the following error messages in the "rating explanation" section: The virtualization software on the selected host does not support virtual hard disks on an IDE bus. and The virtualization software on the host XXXXXX does not support the creation of dynamic virtual hard disk. Any ideas on why I can't manage existing machines and why I can't create new ones? The existing machines were created in vSphere. I should note that the ESXi server and the server running SCVMM are both on the same domain. I should also note that although the ESXi box has been added as a VirtualCetner server, when I try to add it through the "Add Host" option, I get an error message saying "Virtual Machine Manager cannot complete the VirtualCenter action on server EXSi because of the following error: The operation is not supported on the object."

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• Is it possible to shrink the size of an HP Smart Array logical drive?

  - by ewwhite

  I know extension is quite possible using the hpacucli utility, but is there an easy way to reduce the size of an existing logical drive (not array)? The controller is a P410i in a ProLiant DL360 G6 server. I'd like to reduce logicaldrive 1 from 72GB to 40GB. => ctrl all show config detail Smart Array P410i in Slot 0 (Embedded) Bus Interface: PCI Slot: 0 Serial Number: 5001438006FD9A50 Cache Serial Number: PAAVP9VYFB8Y RAID 6 (ADG) Status: Disabled Controller Status: OK Chassis Slot: Hardware Revision: Rev C Firmware Version: 3.66 Rebuild Priority: Medium Expand Priority: Medium Surface Scan Delay: 3 secs Surface Scan Mode: Idle Queue Depth: Automatic Monitor and Performance Delay: 60 min Elevator Sort: Enabled Degraded Performance Optimization: Disabled Inconsistency Repair Policy: Disabled Wait for Cache Room: Disabled Surface Analysis Inconsistency Notification: Disabled Post Prompt Timeout: 15 secs Cache Board Present: True Cache Status: OK Accelerator Ratio: 25% Read / 75% Write Drive Write Cache: Enabled Total Cache Size: 512 MB No-Battery Write Cache: Disabled Cache Backup Power Source: Batteries Battery/Capacitor Count: 1 Battery/Capacitor Status: OK SATA NCQ Supported: True Array: A Interface Type: SAS Unused Space: 412476 MB Status: OK Logical Drive: 1 Size: 72.0 GB Fault Tolerance: RAID 1+0 Heads: 255 Sectors Per Track: 32 Cylinders: 18504 Strip Size: 256 KB Status: OK Array Accelerator: Enabled Unique Identifier: 600508B1001C132E4BBDFAA6DAD13DA3 Disk Name: /dev/cciss/c0d0 Mount Points: /boot 196 MB, / 12.0 GB, /usr 8.0 GB, /var 4.0 GB, /tmp 2.0 GB OS Status: LOCKED Logical Drive Label: AE438D6A5001438006FD9A50BE0A Mirror Group 0: physicaldrive 1I:1:1 (port 1I:box 1:bay 1, SAS, 146 GB, OK) physicaldrive 1I:1:2 (port 1I:box 1:bay 2, SAS, 146 GB, OK) Mirror Group 1: physicaldrive 1I:1:3 (port 1I:box 1:bay 3, SAS, 146 GB, OK) physicaldrive 1I:1:4 (port 1I:box 1:bay 4, SAS, 146 GB, OK) SEP (Vendor ID PMCSIERA, Model SRC 8x6G) 250 Device Number: 250 Firmware Version: RevC WWID: 5001438006FD9A5F Vendor ID: PMCSIERA Model: SRC 8x6G

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• Recursive move utility on Unix?

  - by Thomas Vander Stichele

  Sometimes I have two trees that used to have the same content, but have grown out of sync (because I moved disks around or whatever). A good example is a tree where I mirror upstream packages from Fedora. I want to merge those two trees again by moving all of the files from tree1 into tree2. Usually I do this with: rsync -arv tree1/* tree2 Then delete tree1. However, this takes an awful lot of time and disk space, and it would be much easier to be able to do: mv -r tree1/* tree2 In other words, a recursive move. It would be faster because first of all it would not even copy, just move the inodes, and second I wouldn't need a delete at the end. Does this exist ? As a test case, consider the following sequence of commands: $ mkdir -p a/b $ touch a/b/c1 $ rsync -arv a/ a2 sending incremental file list created directory ./ b/ b/c1 b/c2 sent 173 bytes received 57 bytes 460.00 bytes/sec total size is 0 speedup is 0.00 $ touch a/b/c2 What command would now have the effect of moving a/b/c2 to a2/b/c2 and then deleting the a subtree (since everything in it is already in the destination tree) ?

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• webserver horrible slow, sometimes incredible fast

  - by dhanke

  i am running a small community ( 6000+ Members ) on a non-virtual 64-bit ubuntu 11.04 system. I am not a Linux-pro, not even advanced, i just tried to setup a webserver, which does nothing special actually. Delivering some dynamic PHP and RoR websites is its task. So it might be that my configuration files do look horrible bad. Also, i might use the wrong vocabulary, so in doubt, please ask. Having a current all-time record of 520 registered users (board-accounts, no system-users) online at same time, average server-load is about 2.0 - 5.0. Meantime (~250 users) average server load value is at about 0.4 - 0.8, sometimes, on some expensive searches a bit higher. everything fine. From time to time however, the load increases up to 120 (120.0, not 12.0 ;) ). In this time, its hard to even connect via SSH, but when i reach the server, and use top/htop/iotop to see whats happening, i cannot identify any process causing high CPU load. iotop tells me about a current reading/writing speed of about approx. 70kb/s, which is quite equal to power-off i think. Memory-Usage is max. at ~ 12GB of 16GB, so swap remains empty. now the odd (at least for me:) waiting some minutes ( since i always get a bit into a panic when this happens, it feels like 5 minutes, but i suppose its more like 20-30 minutes) and the server is back to normal. everything continues as normal. another odd fact: when i run hdparm -tT /dev/sda, i get answer like: /dev/sda: Timing cached reads: 7180 MB in 2.00 seconds = 3591.13 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 348 MB in 3.02 seconds = 115.41 MB/sec when i run the same command while the server is "frozen", the answer is like /dev/sda: <- takes about 5 minutes until this line appears Timing cached reads: 7180 MB in 2.00 seconds = 3591.13 MB/sec <- 5 more minutes Timing buffered disk reads: 348 MB in 3.02 seconds = 115.41 MB/sec <- another 5 minutes so the values are the same, but the quoted time is completely wrong. using time command as prefix also tells me that ~ 15 minutes were used. I searched in dmesg, /var/log/[messages|syslog] - nothing found. /var/log/errors however tells me that: Jul 4 20:28:30 localhost kernel: [19080.671415] INFO: task php5-fpm:27728 blocked for more than 120 seconds. Jul 4 20:28:30 localhost kernel: [19080.671419] "echo 0 /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. multiple times. now that message does tell me that php5-fpm task was blocked or did block ? - but not if that is the cause or just one of the results of that "freeze". Anyone? to cut the long story short, i dont know where even to start analyzing. So if you can give me any advice by looking at following specs and configs, or ask me to provide more information, i`d be glad. Specs: 6 Core AMD Phenom(tm) II X6 1055T Processor * 16 Gigabyte Ram 2x 1.5 TB Seagate ST1500DL003-9VT16L via SATA 3 via SoftwareRaid (i suppose) Services: (due to service --status-all, those with [ + ]) nginx Webserver 1.0.14 mySQL 5.1.63 Server Ruby on Rails 2.3.11 ( passenger-nginx-module ) php5-fpm 5.3.6-13ubuntu3.7 SSH ido2db Further services: default crontab + nightly backup. syslog-ng Website consists of 2 subdomains, forum. and www. where forum is a phpBB3.x PHP-Board, and www a Ruby on Rails 2.3.11 application (portal). Mini-Note: sometimes i notice that the forum is pretty slow, in contrast to the always-fast (except for this "freeze") portal. Both share the same Database, but the portal is using it read-only. The Webserver is nginx, using phusion passenger module to communicate with the ruby-application. Also, for the forum it communicates with php5-fpm via socket: relevant nginx configuration parts ( with comments/questions starting by ; ) ; in case of freeze due to too high Filesystem activity, maybe adding a limit? #worker_rlimit_nofile 50000; user www-data; ; 6 cores, so i read 6 fits. maybe already wrong? worker_processes 6; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { passenger_root /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-3.0.11; passenger_ruby /usr/bin/ruby1.8; ; the forum once featured a chat, which was working w/o websockets. ; so it was a hell of pull requests (deactivated now, freeze still happening) keepalive_timeout 65; keepalive_requests 50; gzip on; server { listen 80; server_name www.domain.tld; root /var/www/domain/rails/public; passenger_enabled on; } server { listen 80; server_name forum.domain.tld; location / { root /var/www/domain/forum; index index.php; } ; satic stuff to be handled by nginx location ~* ^/style/.+.(jpg|jpeg|gif|css|png|js|ico|xml)$ { access_log off; expires 30d; root /var/www/domain/forum/; } ; now the php magic, note the "backend"-fcgi_pass location ~ .php$ { fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(.*)$; fastcgi_pass backend; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/domain/forum$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; fastcgi_ignore_client_abort off; fastcgi_connect_timeout 60; fastcgi_send_timeout 180; fastcgi_read_timeout 180; fastcgi_buffer_size 128k; fastcgi_buffers 256 16k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k; fastcgi_max_temp_file_size 0; } location ~ /\.ht { deny all; } } ;the php5-fpm socket. i read that /dev/shm/ whould be the fastes place for this. bad idea in general? upstream backend { server unix:/dev/shm/phpfpm; } ... } php5-fpm settings (i changed this values due to php5-fpm error log messages higher and higher.. (freeze-problem was there before as well)* listen = /dev/shm/phpfpm user = www-data group = www-data pm = dynamic ; holy, 4000! well, shinking this value to earth-level gave me ; 100s of 502 bad gateway commands. this values were quite stable. ; since there are only max 520 users online i dont get it, why i would need ; as many children as configured here. due to keep-alive maybe? ; asking questions is easier for me since restarting server will make ; my community-members angry ;) pm.max_children = 4000 pm.start_servers = 100 pm.min_spare_servers = 50 pm.max_spare_servers = 150 pm.max_requests = 10 pm.status_path = /status ping.path = /ping ping.response = pong slowlog = log/$pool.log.slow ;should i use rlimit? ;rlimit_files = 1024 chdir = / mysql/my.cnf [client] port = 3306 socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock [mysqld_safe] socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock nice = 0 [mysqld] user = mysql socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 basedir = /usr datadir = /var/lib/mysql tmpdir = /tmp skip-external-locking bind-address = 127.0.0.1 key_buffer = 16M max_allowed_packet = 16M thread_stack = 192K thread_cache_size = 8 myisam-recover = BACKUP ; high number, but less gives some phpBB errors. max_connections = 450 table_cache = 512 ; i read twice the cpu cores, bad? thread_concurrency = 12 join_buffer_size = 2084K concurrent_insert = 3 query_cache_limit = 64M query_cache_size = 512M query_cache_type = 1 log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log log_slow_queries = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log long_query_time = 2 expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 100M low_priority_updates=1 [mysqldump] quick quote-names max_allowed_packet = 16M [isamchk] key_buffer = 16M !includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/ I used smartctl already, hdds seem to be fine. /proc/mdstatus quotes: Personalities : [raid1] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md3 : active raid1 sda3[1] 1459264192 blocks [2/1] [_U] md1 : active raid1 sda1[0] 3911680 blocks [2/1] [U_] unused devices: ulimit -a core file size (blocks, -c) 0 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited scheduling priority (-e) 0 file size (blocks, -f) unlimited pending signals (-i) 127727 max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64 max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited open files (-n) 1024 pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8 POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200 real-time priority (-r) 0 stack size (kbytes, -s) 8192 cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited max user processes (-u) 127727 virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited file locks (-x) unlimited I quote some questions in my configuration files, these are not (intentional) directly problem-related, but would be nice for me to know wether they are indeed questionable or done right. One additional Fact: my MYSQL-database is at 12GB size. i dont know if that does matter, but mytop sometimes shows me 4-5 seconds long insert queries, some are 20-30 seconds long. Its just a feeling that i am unable to prove (because i dont know how), but when i disable the database, the freeze seems not to happen. Example: i created a dummy rails application to see the development log. the app made some sql-queries, reads and inserts. the log quite often was like: DbTest Load (0.3ms) SELECT * FROM `db_test` WHERE (`db_test`.`id` = 31722) LIMIT 1 SQL (0.1ms) BEGIN DbTest Update (0.3ms) UPDATE `db_test` SET `updated_at` = '2012-07-04 23:32:34' WHERE `id` = 31722 - now the log stands still for 5-60 seconds. SQL (49.1ms) COMMIT - SQL-Update time in the log does not include freeze time Rendering test/index Completed in 96ms (View: 16, DB: 59) | 200 OK [http://localhost:9000/test] Bad part is: this mini-freeze here only happens from time to time as well. note: meanwhile i cannot even upload files via scp. I currently feel like running form bad to worse and back by googling for my server-problem due to immense lack of knowledge regarding server configurations. It still makes me wonder, why those problems even appear, since 250 users a time is not such a high amount, right? So my questions: whats wrong and how to fix? ;) or: what information can i provide to make the situation more clear? can you point at some critical bad configuration-line which i should consider to catch up in the documentation? are there any tools i can run to see some possible bottlenecks? any further advice? (next to: "pay someone who knows what he does" - its a private project, server costs enough already. :)) Thanks for your time and help. Best Regards, Daniel P.S.: i renamed the configfiles to domain.tld since i dont want to have any % more load to the server until its fixed. might be a exaggeratedly thought.. P.P.S: if i asked a complete duplicate question, sorry. my search results seemed to be quite specific in their own way.

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• Building new computer, turns on, but no post

  - by addybojangles

  Pardon my ignorance here, finally decided to put together a computer and egads. I purchased a new motherboard, power supply, processor, video card and memory. ASUS M4A79XTD EVO AM3 AMD 790X ATX AMD Motherboard OCZ Fatal1ty OCZ550FTY 550W ATX12V v2.2 / EPS12V SLI Ready 80 PLUS Certified Modular Active PFC Power Supply AMD Phenom II X4 965 Black Edition Deneb 3.4GHz 4 x 512KB L2 Cache 6MB L3 Cache Socket AM3 125W Quad-Core Processor XFX HD-577A-ZNFC Radeon HD 5770 (Juniper XT) 1GB 128-bit GDDR5 PCI Express 2.0 x16 HDCP Ready CrossFireX Support Video Card G.SKILL 4GB (2 x 2GB) 240-Pin DDR3 SDRAM DDR3 1600 (PC3 12800) Dual Channel Kit Desktop Memory Model F3-12800CL9D-4GBNQ (originally had links for you guys, but I lack the rep, sorry!!) And I've got it all in the tower. I put in power supply, installed processor on motherboard, installed heatsink, put in ram, and I am using an older IDE hard disk. When I start the computer, the monitor tells me "check signal cable." As far as I can tell, the heatsink on the processor is spinning, the power supply is on (obviously), and the green LED on the motherboard is on. I originally only had the bigger output plugged in to the motherboard (what I saw in a YouTube vid as well as the mobo instructions), but after doing some research, it said plug in the other ATX power supply. Which I did. And trying to power the computer results in nothing. No beeps on startup, no post, anyone have any ideas? Your ideas and help is greatly appreciated.

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• Openfiler iSCSI performance

  - by Justin

  Hoping someone can point me in the right direction with some iSCSI performance issues I'm having. I'm running Openfiler 2.99 on an older ProLiant DL360 G5. Dual Xeon processor, 6GB ECC RAM, Intel Gigabit Server NIC, SAS controller with and 3 10K SAS drives in a RAID 5. When I run a simple write test from the box directly the performance is very good: [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=tmpfile bs=1M count=1000 1000+0 records in 1000+0 records out 1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 4.64468 s, 226 MB/s So I created a LUN, attached it to another box I have running ESXi 5.1 (Core i7 2600k, 16GB RAM, Intel Gigabit Server NIC) and created a new datastore. Once I created the datastore I was able to create and start a VM running CentOS with 2GB of RAM and 16GB of disk space. The OS installed fine and I'm able to use it but when I ran the same test inside the VM I get dramatically different results: [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=tmpfile bs=1M count=1000 1000+0 records in 1000+0 records out 1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 26.8786 s, 39.0 MB/s [root@localhost ~]# Both servers have brand new Intel Server NIC's and I have Jumbo Frames enabled on the switch, the openfiler box as well as the VMKernel adapter on the ESXi box. I can confirm this is set up properly by using the vmkping command from the ESXi host: ~ # vmkping 10.0.0.1 -s 9000 PING 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1): 9000 data bytes 9008 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.533 ms 9008 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.736 ms 9008 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.570 ms The only thing I haven't tried as far as networking goes is bonding two interfaces together. I'm open to trying that down the road but for now I am trying to keep things simple. I know this is a pretty modest setup and I'm not expecting top notch performance but I would like to see 90-100MB/s. Any ideas?

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• Xen hipervisor 4.1 Kernel Panic on Ubuntu 12.04

  - by rkmax

  I have a fresh Ubuntu 12.04.1 amd64 server install following this guide I have used LVM option used all disk and make 2 LV /dev/mapper/vg-root / (80GB) vg-swap swap (4GB) now i install xen with apt-get install xen-hypervisor-4.1-amd64 and config /etc/default/grub like the guide and add GRUB_CMDLINE_XEN_DEFAULT="dom0_mem=768M" later all this i exec update-grub and reboot. but when i try to boot with Xen 4.1-amd64 always i get a kernel panic with the message Domain-0 allocation is too small for kernel image my questions are: this error is about what? where i can grow this allocation for avoid this error? grub.cfg menuentry 'Ubuntu GNU/Linux, with Xen 4.1-amd64 and Linux 3.2.0-29-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --class xen { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,gpt2)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 3541e241-7f39-4ebe-8d99-c5306294c266 echo 'Loading Xen 4.1-amd64 ...' multiboot /xen-4.1-amd64.gz placeholder dom0_mem=768M echo 'Loading Linux 3.2.0-29-generic ...' module /vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic placeholder root=/dev/mapper/backup--xen-root ro rootdelay=180 echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' module /initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic } Note: I've followed this guide too

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• Problem recreating BCD on Windows 7 64bit - The requested system device cannot be found

  - by Domchi

  NVIDIA drivers upgrade crashed my Windows 7 installation, so I'm working to undo the damage. What I can do: I can boot Windows install from the USB drive, and I can boot the Hiren's Boot CD. Although automated Windows repair fails, I can get to command prompt when I boot Windows install from USB drive, and I can see my drive and all my data. What I cannot do: I cannot boot into Windows - I get this message: Windows failed to start. A recent hardwware or software change might be the cause. To fix the problem: 1.insert windos cd and run a repair your computer option. File: /boot/bcd Status: 0xc000000f Info: an error occured while attempting to read the boot configuration data. It seems that something is wrong with my /Boot/BCD, so I'm trying to recreate it from scratch. I've tried all the methods detailed here (including Windows repair which fails), and I'm left with the last one (near the bottom of that page). When I type the following command as in the tutorial: bcdedit.exe /import c:\boot\bcd.temp ...it fails with the following error: The store import operation has failed. The requested system device cannot be found. Many Google results say that I must use diskpart to set my partition active, however it's already set as active. Also, when I try this: bcdedit /enum It fails with similar message: The boot configuration data store could not be opened. The requested system device cannot be found. Does anyone know what does that error message mean, and what is the requested system device? I'd like to avoid having to reinstall Windows since all the files on disk seem to be fine.

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• Update to Lion, Cannot boot into Bootcamp partitions, but can use in Parallels

  - by Jon Jester

  Using Snow Leopard had boot camp partitions for both XP and Windows 7. These were both accessible through Parallels 7 or through direct boot through boot camp. Each is on a separate partitioned hard drive. Upgraded to Lion, both were still accessible through Parallels, but have not been able to directly boot into either. Unfortunately is important to me to be able to boot into a least the Windows 7 partition. Have tried virtually everything I can find online. Seen similar issues, but nothing where they were usable virtually but not directly. Nothing works. reFit, correcting the master boot records in Windows with command line, have wiped the Windows 7 partition clean and reinstalled Windows 7 several times 1st using Boot Camp4 drivers then using Boot Camp3 drivers. Have tried resizing the bootcamp partitions. When booting into the Boot Camp partitions directly will go all the way to seeing the desktop before it fails, where I get a Windows error screen. I can see all the disks and their appropriate partitions both in OS X disk utility as well as the Windows installer utility.

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