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  • Why is a fixed size buffers (arrays) must be unsafe?

    - by brickner
    Let's say I want to have a value type of 7 bytes (or 3 or 777). I can define it like that: public struct Buffer71 { public byte b0; public byte b1; public byte b2; public byte b3; public byte b4; public byte b5; public byte b6; } A simpler way to define it is using a fixed buffer public struct Buffer72 { public unsafe fixed byte bs[7]; } Of course the second definition is simpler. The problem lies with the unsafe keyword that must be provided for fixed buffers. I understand that this is implemented using pointers and hence unsafe. My question is why does it have to be unsafe? Why can't C# provide arbitrary constant length arrays and keep them as a value type instead of making it a C# reference type array or unsafe buffers?

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  • C++ Program Always Crashes While doing a std::string assign

    - by bbazso
    I have been trying to debug a crash in my application that crashes (i.e. asserts a * glibc detected free(): invalid pointer: 0x000000000070f0c0 **) while I'm trying to do a simple assign to a string. Note that I'm compiling on a linux system with gcc 4.2.4 with an optimization level set to -O2. With -O0 the application no longer crashes. E.g. std::string abc; abc = "testString"; but if I changed the code as follows it no longer crashes std::string abc("testString"); So again I scratched my head! But the interesting pattern was that the crash moved later on in the application, AGAIN at another string. I found it weird that the application was continuously crashing on a string assign. A typical crash backtrace would look as follows: #0 0x00007f2c2663bfb5 in raise () from /lib64/libc.so.6 (gdb) bt #0 0x00007f2c2663bfb5 in raise () from /lib64/libc.so.6 #1 0x00007f2c2663dbc3 in abort () from /lib64/libc.so.6 #2 0x00000000004d8cb7 in people_streamingserver_sighandler (signum=6) at src/peoplestreamingserver.cpp:487 #3 <signal handler called> #4 0x00007f2c2663bfb5 in raise () from /lib64/libc.so.6 #5 0x00007f2c2663dbc3 in abort () from /lib64/libc.so.6 #6 0x00007f2c26680ce0 in ?? () from /lib64/libc.so.6 #7 0x00007f2c270ca7a0 in std::string::assign (this=0x7f2c21bc8d20, __str=<value optimized out>) at /home/bbazso/ThirdParty/sources/gcc-4.2.4/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/basic_string.h:238 #8 0x00007f2c21bd874a in PEOPLESProtocol::GetStreamName (this=<value optimized out>, pRawPath=0x2342fd8 "rtmp://127.0.0.1/mp4:pop.mp4", lStreamName=@0x7f2c21bc8d20) at /opt/trx-HEAD/gcc/4.2.4/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.2.4/../../../../include/c++/4.2.4/bits/basic_string.h:491 #9 0x00007f2c21bd9daa in PEOPLESProtocol::SignalProtocolCreated (pProtocol=0x233a4e0, customParameters=@0x7f2c21bc8de0) at peoplestreamer/src/peoplesprotocol.cpp:240 This was really weird behavior and so I started to poke around further in my application to see if there was some sort of memory corruption (either heap or stack) error that could be occurring that could be causing this weird behavior. I even checked for ptr corruptions and came up empty handed. In addition to visual inspection of the code I also tried the following tools: Valgrind using both memcheck and exp-ptrcheck electric fence libsafe I compiled with -fstack-protector-all in gcc I tried MALLOC_CHECK_ set to 2 I ran my code through lint checks as well as cppcheck (to check for mistakes) And I stepped through the code using gdb So I tried a lot of stuff and still came up empty handed. So I was wondering if it could be something like a linker issue or a library issue of some sort that could be causing this problem. Are there any know issues with the std::string that make is susceptible to crashing in -O2 or maybe it has nothing to do with the optimization level? But the only pattern that I can see thus far in my problem is that it always seems to crash on a string and so I was wondering if anyone knew of any issues that my be causing this type of behavior. Thanks a lot!

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  • .NET WinForms INotifyPropertyChanged updates all bindings when one is changed. Better way?

    - by Dave Welling
    In a windows forms application, a property change that triggers INotifyPropertyChanged, will result in the form reading EVERY property from my bound object, not just the property changed. (See example code below) This seems absurdly wasteful since the interface requires the name of the changing property. It is causing a lot of clocking in my app because some of the property getters require calculations to be performed. I'll likely need to implement some sort of logic in my getters to discard the unnecessary reads if there is no better way to do this. Am I missing something? Is there a better way? Don't say to use a different presentation technology please -- I am doing this on Windows Mobile (although the behavior happens on the full framework as well). Here's some toy code to demonstrate the problem. Clicking the button will result in BOTH textboxes being populated even though one property has changed. using System; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Drawing; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace Example { public class ExView : Form { private Presenter _presenter = new Presenter(); public ExView() { this.MinimizeBox = false; TextBox txt1 = new TextBox(); txt1.Parent = this; txt1.Location = new Point(1, 1); txt1.Width = this.ClientSize.Width - 10; txt1.DataBindings.Add("Text", _presenter, "SomeText1"); TextBox txt2 = new TextBox(); txt2.Parent = this; txt2.Location = new Point(1, 40); txt2.Width = this.ClientSize.Width - 10; txt2.DataBindings.Add("Text", _presenter, "SomeText2"); Button but = new Button(); but.Parent = this; but.Location = new Point(1, 80); but.Click +=new EventHandler(but_Click); } void but_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { _presenter.SomeText1 = "some text 1"; } } public class Presenter : INotifyPropertyChanged { public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged; private string _SomeText1 = string.Empty; public string SomeText1 { get { return _SomeText1; } set { _SomeText1 = value; _SomeText2 = value; // <-- To demonstrate that both properties are read OnPropertyChanged("SomeText1"); } } private string _SomeText2 = string.Empty; public string SomeText2 { get { return _SomeText2; } set { _SomeText2 = value; OnPropertyChanged("SomeText2"); } } private void OnPropertyChanged(string PropertyName) { PropertyChangedEventHandler temp = PropertyChanged; if (temp != null) { temp(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(PropertyName)); } } } }

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  • Serializing chinese characters with Xerces 2.6

    - by Gianluca
    I have a Xerces (2.6) DOMNode object encoded UTF-8. I use to read its TEXT element like this: CBuffer DomNodeExtended::getText( const DOMNode* node ) const { char* p = XMLString::transcode( node->getNodeValue( ) ); CBuffer xNodeText( p ); delete p; return xNodeText; } Where CBuffer is, well, just a buffer object which is lately persisted as it is in a DB. This works until in the TEXT there are just common ASCII characters. If we have i.e. chinese ones they get lost in the transcode operation. I've googled a lot seeking for a solution. It looks like with Xerces 3, the DOMWriter class should solve the problem. With Xerces 2.6 I'm trying the XMLTranscoder, but no success yet. Could anybody help?

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  • Pipe less to emacs

    - by Steve
    When viewing piped output to Less, sometimes I'd like to be able to view it in Emacs in order to get syntax highlighting and use emacs commands for searching, marking, copying, etc. I see that Less has a v command that can be used to open the currently viewed file in $EDITOR. Unfortunately this doesn't work when viewing piped input. Also, I don't know how to get Emacs to display stdin as a read-only document. So, is it possible to set up Less with something like v but that pumps the current buffer into Emacs as a read-only file? Thanks.

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  • sqllite - sql question 101

    - by qstar
    Hi, I would do something like this* select * from cars_table where body not equal to null. select * from cars_table where values not equal to null And id = "3" I know the syntax for 'not equal' is <, but i get an empty results. For the second part, I want to get a result set where it only returns the columns that have a value. So, if the value is null, then don't include that column. Thanks

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  • Installing a rails plugin from a Git repository

    - by Daniel Beardsley
    I've been trying to install Shoulda script/plugin install git://github.com/thoughtbot/shoulda.git but all I get is: removing: C:/Documents and Settings/Danny/My Documents/Projects/Ruby On Rails/_ProjectName_/vendor/plugins/shoulda/.git > And the vender/plugins directory is empty. I have Rails 2.1.1 installed as a gem and have verified that 2.1.1 is loaded (using a puts inserted into config/boot.rb). Any ideas about what's going on? (this is on a windows box)

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  • Tool for generating flat files from SQL objects dynamically

    - by Fabio Gouw
    Hello! I'm looking for a tool or component that generates flat files given a SQL Server's query result (from a stored procedure or a SELECT * over a table or view). This will be a batch process which runs every day, and every day a new file is created. I could use SQL Server Integration Services (DTS), but I have a mandatory requirement: the output of the file need to be dynamic. If a new column is added in my query result, the file must have this new column too, without having to modify my SSIS package. If a column is removed, then the flat file no longer will have it. I’ve tried to do this with SSIS, but when I create a new package I need to specify the number of columns. Another requirement is configuring the format of the output, depending on the data type of the column. If it’s a datetime, the format needs to be YYYY-MM-DD. If it’s a float, then I need to use 2 decimal digits, and so on. Does anyone know a tool that does this job? Thanks

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  • mod_wsgi | linux installation error

    - by MMRUser
    I'm getting the following error when I try to install mod_wsgi ./configure checking for apxs2... no checking for apxs... /usr/sbin/apxs checking Apache version... 2.2.3 configure: creating ./config.status config.status: creating Makefile make /usr/sbin/apxs -c -I/usr/local/include/python2.6 -DNDEBUG mod_wsgi.c -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/local/lib/python2.6/config -lpython2.6 -lpthread -ldl -lutil -lm /apr-1/build/libtool --silent --mode=compile gcc -prefer-pic -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m32 -march=i386 -mtune=generic -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -fno-strict-aliasing -DLINUX=2 -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE -pthread -I/usr/include/httpd -I/usr/include/apr-1 -I/usr/include/apr-1 -I/usr/local/include/python2.6 -DNDEBUG -c -o mod_wsgi.lo mod_wsgi.c && touch mod_wsgi.slo sh: /apr-1/build/libtool: No such file or directory apxs:Error: Command failed with rc=8323072 . make: *** [mod_wsgi.la] Error 1 libtool is installed on my system.. mod_wsgi 3.2 *Apache 2.2* *Python 2.6*

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  • Changing associativity

    - by Sorush Rabiee
    Hi... The associativity of stream insertion operator is rtl, forgetting this fact sometimes cause to runtime or logical errors. for example: 1st- int F() { static int internal_counter c=0; return ++c; } in the main function: //....here is main() cout<<”1st=”<<F()<<”,2nd=”<<F()<<”,3rd=”<<F(); and the output is: 1st=3,2nd=2,3rd=1 that is different from what we expect at first look. 2nd- suppose that we have an implementation of stack data structure like this: // //... a Stack<DataType> class …… // Stack<int> st(10); for(int i=1;i<11;i++) st.push(i); cout<<st.pop()<<endl<<st.pop()<<endl<<st.pop()<<endl<<st.pop()<<endl; expected output is something like: 10 9 8 7 but we have: 7 8 9 10 There is no internal bug of << implementation but it can be so confusing... and finally[:-)] my question: is there any way to change assocativity of an operator by overloading it?

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  • jquery textarea validation

    - by Hulk
    How to check for null,white spaces and new lines while validating for a textarea using jquery. If the textarea is empty and has only new lines or spaces should raise an alert

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  • Linq-to-SQL: How to shape the data with group by?

    - by Cheeso
    I have an example database, it contains tables for Movies, People and Credits. The Movie table contains a Title and an Id. The People table contains a Name and an Id. The Credits table relates Movies to the People that worked on those Movies, in a particular role. The table looks like this: CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Credits] ( [Id] [int] IDENTITY (1, 1) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, [PersonId] [int] NOT NULL FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES People(Id), [MovieId] [int] NOT NULL FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Movies(Id), [Role] [char] (1) NULL In this simple example, the [Role] column is a single character, by my convention either 'A' to indicate the person was an actor on that particular movie, or 'D' for director. I'd like to perform a query on a particular person that returns the person's name, plus a list of all the movies the person has worked on, and the roles in those movies. If I were to serialize it to json, it might look like this: { "name" : "Clint Eastwood", "movies" : [ { "title": "Unforgiven", "roles": ["actor", "director"] }, { "title": "Sands of Iwo Jima", "roles": ["director"] }, { "title": "Dirty Harry", "roles": ["actor"] }, ... ] } How can I write a LINQ-to-SQL query that shapes the output like that? I'm having trouble doing it efficiently. if I use this query: int personId = 10007; var persons = from p in db.People where p.Id == personId select new { name = p.Name, movies = (from m in db.Movies join c in db.Credits on m.Id equals c.MovieId where (c.PersonId == personId) select new { title = m.Title, role = (c.Role=="D"?"director":"actor") }) }; I get something like this: { "name" : "Clint Eastwood", "movies" : [ { "title": "Unforgiven", "role": "actor" }, { "title": "Unforgiven", "role": "director" }, { "title": "Sands of Iwo Jima", "role": "director" }, { "title": "Dirty Harry", "role": "actor" }, ... ] } ...but as you can see there's a duplicate of each movie for which Eastwood played multiple roles. How can I shape the output the way I want?

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  • PHP and MySQL problem?

    - by TaG
    When my code is stored and saved and out putted I keep getting these slashes \\\\\ in my output text. how can I get rid of these slashes? Here is the PHP code. if (isset($_POST['submitted'])) { // Handle the form. require_once '../../htmlpurifier/library/HTMLPurifier.auto.php'; $config = HTMLPurifier_Config::createDefault(); $config->set('Core.Encoding', 'UTF-8'); // replace with your encoding $config->set('HTML.Doctype', 'XHTML 1.0 Strict'); // replace with your doctype $purifier = new HTMLPurifier($config); $mysqli = mysqli_connect("localhost", "root", "", "sitename"); $dbc = mysqli_query($mysqli,"SELECT users.*, profile.* FROM users INNER JOIN contact_info ON contact_info.user_id = users.user_id WHERE users.user_id=3"); $about_me = mysqli_real_escape_string($mysqli, $purifier->purify($_POST['about_me'])); $interests = mysqli_real_escape_string($mysqli, $purifier->purify($_POST['interests'])); if (mysqli_num_rows($dbc) == 0) { $mysqli = mysqli_connect("localhost", "root", "", "sitename"); $dbc = mysqli_query($mysqli,"INSERT INTO profile (user_id, about_me, interests) VALUES ('$user_id', '$about_me', '$interests')"); } if ($dbc == TRUE) { $dbc = mysqli_query($mysqli,"UPDATE profile SET about_me = '$about_me', interests = '$interests' WHERE user_id = '$user_id'"); echo '<p class="changes-saved">Your changes have been saved!</p>'; } if (!$dbc) { // There was an error...do something about it here... print mysqli_error($mysqli); return; } } Here is the XHTML code. <form method="post" action="index.php"> <fieldset> <ul> <li><label for="about_me">About Me: </label> <textarea rows="8" cols="60" name="about_me" id="about_me"><?php if (isset($_POST['about_me'])) { echo mysqli_real_escape_string($mysqli, $_POST['about_me']); } else if(!empty($about_me)) { echo mysqli_real_escape_string($mysqli, $about_me); } ?></textarea></li> <li><label for="my-interests">My Interests: </label> <textarea rows="8" cols="60" name="interests" id="interests"><?php if (isset($_POST['interests'])) { echo mysqli_real_escape_string($mysqli, $_POST['interests']); } else if(!empty($interests)) { echo mysqli_real_escape_string($mysqli, $interests); } ?></textarea></li> <li><input type="submit" name="submit" value="Save Changes" class="save-button" /> <input type="hidden" name="submitted" value="true" /> <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Preview Changes" class="preview-changes-button" /></li> </ul> </fieldset> </form>

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  • how to write this conditions in php

    - by Mac Taylor
    hey guys , im writing a class and im wondering how i can write a condition statement in this way : $this->referer= (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'])) ? htmlspecialchars((string) $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER']) : ''; i need to find my user_id and this is the usual condtion : if(is_user($user)){ $cookie=cookiedecode($user); $user_id=intval($cookie[0]); } and i think it should be something like this : $this->user_id = (is_user($user)) ? (cookiedecode($user)) : $cookie[0]; but it didnt work

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  • Error when calling Render method on reporting services 2008

    - by Chris
    Hi, I've moved my web application to a new server, when it calls the render method on the reporting services 2008 web service it brings back the error "Client found response content type of '', but expected 'text/xml'. The request failed with an empty response". It works fine on my development machine. Does anyone know what might be causing this? Many thanks, Chris.

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  • C function changes behaviour depending on whether it has a call to printf in it

    - by Daniel
    I have a function that processes some data and finds the threshold that classifies the data with the lowest error. It looks like this: void find_threshold(FeatureVal* fvals, sampledata* data, unsigned int num_samples, double* thresh, double* err, int* pol) { //code to calculate minThresh, minErr, minPol omitted printf("minThresh: %f, minErr: %f, minPol: %d\n", minThresh, minErr, minPol); *thresh = minThresh; *err = minErr; *pol = minPol; } Then in my test file I have this: void test_find_threshold() { //code to set up test data omitted find_threshold(fvals, sdata, 6, &thresh, &err, &pol); printf("Expected 5 got %f\n", thresh); assert(eq(thresh, 5.0)); printf("Expected 1 got %d\n", pol); assert(pol == 1); printf("Expected 0 got %f\n", err); assert(eq(err, 0.0)); } This runs and the test passes with the following output: minThresh: 5.000000, minErr: 0.000000, minPol: 1 Expected 5 got 5.000000 Expected 1 got 1 Expected 0 got 0.000000 However if I remove the call to printf() from find_threshold, suddenly the test fails! Commenting out the asserts so that I can see what gets returned, the output is: Expected 5 got -15.000000 Expected 1 got -1 Expected 0 got 0.333333 I cannot make any sense of this whatsoever.

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  • Python Process won't call atexit

    - by Brian M. Hunt
    I'm trying to use atexit in a Process, but unfortunately it doesn't seem to work. Here's some example code: import time import atexit import logging import multiprocessing logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG) class W(multiprocessing.Process): def run(self): logging.debug("%s Started" % self.name) @atexit.register def log_terminate(): # ever called? logging.debug("%s Terminated!" % self.name) while True: time.sleep(10) @atexit.register def log_exit(): logging.debug("Main process terminated") logging.debug("Main process started") a = W() b = W() a.start() b.start() time.sleep(1) a.terminate() b.terminate() The output of this code is: DEBUG:root:Main process started DEBUG:root:W-1 Started DEBUG:root:W-2 Started DEBUG:root:Main process terminated I would expect that the W.run.log_terminate() would be called when a.terminate() and b.terminate() are called, and the output to be something likeso (emphasis added)!: DEBUG:root:Main process started DEBUG:root:W-1 Started DEBUG:root:W-2 Started DEBUG:root:W-1 Terminated! DEBUG:root:W-2 Terminated! DEBUG:root:Main process terminated Why isn't this working, and is there a better way to log a message (from the Process context) when a Process is terminated? Thank you for your input - it's much appreciated.

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  • Ruby script/console and Ruby script/server using two different DBs?

    - by aronchick
    Has anyone seen where script/console and script/server load two different databases (though both report using the same)? Here's the first output $ script/server => Booting WEBrick => Rails 2.3.5 application starting on http://0.0.0.0:3000 => Call with -d to detach => Ctrl-C to shutdown server [2010-03-21 15:54:05] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1 [2010-03-21 15:54:05] INFO ruby 1.8.7 (2010-01-10) [i386-mingw32] [2010-03-21 15:54:05] INFO WEBrick::HTTPServer#start: pid=7148 port=3000 No errors. I then run my standard code for entering a form - no problems. Checking the Dev Database (.yml at bottom): mysql> select * from books; [...] | 712 | Book | Book Name | 2010-03-21 22:29:22 | 2010-03-21 22:29:22 | [...] 712 rows in set (0.00 sec) The code CLEARLY saved it seconds ago And now here's the output of script/console: $ script/console Loading development environment (Rails 2.3.5) >> Books.all => [] Nothing. Further, upon further inspection, it's using the production database, but I can't figure out why. Any thoughts here? All consoles have been closed and reopened. UPDATE: Requested .yml file (can't see how it'd be helpful (user name and password are all the same for each)) - development: adapter: mysql database: BooksDBdev username: <user name> password: <long string> timeout: 5000 # Warning: The database defined as "test" will be erased and # re-generated from your development database when you run "rake". # Do not set this db to the same as development or production. test: adapter: mysql database: BooksDBtest username: <user name> password: <long string> timeout: 5000 production: adapter: mysql database: BooksDB username: <user name> password: <long string> timeout: 5000

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  • A continued saga of C# interoprability with unmanaged C++

    - by Gilad
    After a day of banging my head against the wall both literally and metaphorically, I plead for help: I have an unmanaged C++ project, which is compiled as a DLL. Let's call it CPP Project. It currently works in an unmanaged environment. In addition, I have created a WPF project, that shall be called WPF Project. This project is a simple and currently almost empty project. It contains a single window and I want it to use code from Project 1. For that, I have created a CLR C++ project, which shall be called Interop Project and is also compiled as a DLL. For simplicity I will attach some basic testing code I have boiled down to the basics. CPP Project has the following two testing files: tester.h #pragma once extern "C" class __declspec(dllexport) NativeTester { public: void NativeTest(); }; tester.cpp #include "tester.h" void NativeTester::NativeTest() { int i = 0; } Interop Project has the following file: InteropLib.h #pragma once #include <tester.h> using namespace System; namespace InteropLib { public ref class InteropProject { public: static void Test() { NativeTester nativeTester; nativeTester.NativeTest(); } }; } Lastly, WPF Project has a single window refrencing Interop Project: MainWindow.xaml.cs using System; using System.Windows; using InteropLib; namespace AppGUI { public partial class MainWindow : Window { public MainWindow() { InitializeComponent(); InteropProject.Test(); } } } And the XAML itself has an empty window (default created). Once I am trying to run the WPF project, I get the following error: System.Windows.Markup.XamlParseException: 'The invocation of the constructor on type 'AppGUI.MainWindow' that matches the specified binding constraints threw an exception.' Line number '3' and line position '9'. --- System.IO.FileNotFoundException: Could not load file or assembly 'InteropLib.dll' or one of its dependencies. The specified module could not be found. at AppGUI.MainWindow..ctor() Interestingly enough, if I do not export the class from CPP Project, I do not get this error. Say, if i change tester.h to: #pragma once class NativeTester { public: void NativeTest() { int i = 0; } }; However, in this case I cannot use my more complex classes. If I move my implementation to a cpp file like before, I get unresolved linkage errors due to my not exporting my code. The C++ code I want to actually use is large and has many classes and is object oriented, so I can't just move all my implementation to the h files. Please help me understand this horrific error I've been trying resolve without success. Thanks.

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  • Java and .net interoperability

    - by dineshrekula
    I have a c# program through which i am opening cmd window as a a process. in this command window i am running a batch file. i am redirecting the output of that batch file commands to a Text File. When i run my application everything seems to be ok. But few times, Application is giving some error like "Can't access the file. it's being used by another application" at the same time cmd window is not getting closed. If we close the cmd process through the Task Manager, then it's writing the content to the file and getting closed. Even though i closed the cmd process, still file handle is not getting released. so that i am not able to run the application next time onwards.Always it's saying Can't access the file. Only after restarting the system, it's working. Here is my code: Process objProcess = new Process(); ProcessStartInfo objProInfo = new ProcessStartInfo(); objProInfo.WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Maximized; objProInfo.UseShellExecute = true; objProInfo.FileName = "Batch file path" objProInfo.Arguments = "Some Arguments"; if (Directory.Exists(strOutputPath) == false) { Directory.CreateDirectory(strOutputPath); } objProInfo.CreateNoWindow = false; objProcess.StartInfo = objProInfo; objProcess.Start(); objProcess.WaitForExit(); test.bat: java classname argument > output.txt Here is my question: I am not able to trace where the problem is.. How we can see the process which holding handle on ant file. Is there any suggestions for Java and .net interoperability

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  • [UNIX] Sort lines of massive file by number of words on line (ideally in parallel)

    - by conradlee
    I am working on a community detection algorithm for analyzing social network data from Facebook. The first task, detecting all cliques in the graph, can be done efficiently in parallel, and leaves me with an output like this: 17118 17136 17392 17064 17093 17376 17118 17136 17356 17318 12345 17118 17136 17356 17283 17007 17059 17116 Each of these lines represents a unique clique (a collection of node ids), and I want to sort these lines in descending order by the number of ids per line. In the case of the example above, here's what the output should look like: 17118 17136 17356 17318 12345 17118 17136 17356 17283 17118 17136 17392 17064 17093 17376 17007 17059 17116 (Ties---i.e., lines with the same number of ids---can be sorted arbitrarily.) What is the most efficient way of sorting these lines. Keep the following points in mind: The file I want to sort could be larger than the physical memory of the machine Most of the machines that I'm running this on have several processors, so a parallel solution would be ideal An ideal solution would just be a shell script (probably using sort), but I'm open to simple solutions in python or perl (or any language, as long as it makes the task simple) This task is in some sense very easy---I'm not just looking for any old solution, but rather for a simple and above all efficient solution

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  • Matplotlib PDF export uses wrong font

    - by Konrad Rudolph
    I want to generate high-quality diagrams for a presentation. I’m using Python’s matplotlib to generate the graphics. Unfortunately, the PDF export seems to ignore my font settings. I tried setting the font both by passing a FontProperties object to the text drawing functions and by setting the option globally. For the record, here is a MWE to reproduce the problem: import scipy import matplotlib matplotlib.use('cairo') import matplotlib.pylab as pylab import matplotlib.font_manager as fm data = scipy.arange(5) for font in ['Helvetica', 'Gill Sans']: fig = pylab.figure() ax = fig.add_subplot(111) ax.bar(data, data) ax.set_xticks(data) ax.set_xticklabels(data, fontproperties = fm.FontProperties(family = font)) pylab.savefig('foo-%s.pdf' % font) In both cases, the produced output is identical and uses Helvetica (and yes, I do have both fonts installed). Just to be sure, the following doesn’t help either: matplotlib.rc('font', family = 'Gill Sans') Finally, if I replace the backend, instead using the native viewer: matplotlib.use('MacOSX') I do get the correct font displayed – but only in the viewer GUI. The PDF output is once again wrong. To be sure – I can set other fonts – but only other classes of font families: I can set serif fonts or fantasy or monospace. But all sans-serif fonts seem to default to Helvetica.

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  • What is stopping data flow with .NET 3.5 asynchronous System.Net.Sockets.Socket?

    - by TonyG
    I have a .NET 3.5 client/server socket interface using the asynchronous methods. The client connects to the server and the connection should remain open until the app terminates. The protocol consists of the following pattern: send stx receive ack send data1 receive ack send data2 (repeat 5-6 while more data) receive ack send etx So a single transaction with two datablocks as above would consist of 4 sends from the client. After sending etx the client simply waits for more data to send out, then begins the next transmission with stx. I do not want to break the connection between individual exchanges or after each stx/data/etx payload. Right now, after connection, the client can send the first stx, and get a single ack, but I can't put more data onto the wire after that. Neither side disconnects, the socket is still intact. The client code is seriously abbreviated as follows - I'm following the pattern commonly available in online code samples. private void SendReceive(string data) { // ... SocketAsyncEventArgs completeArgs; completeArgs.Completed += new EventHandler<SocketAsyncEventArgs>(OnSend); clientSocket.SendAsync(completeArgs); // two AutoResetEvents, one for send, one for receive if ( !AutoResetEvent.WaitAll(autoSendReceiveEvents , -1) ) Log("failed"); else Log("success"); // ... } private void OnSend( object sender , SocketAsyncEventArgs e ) { // ... Socket s = e.UserToken as Socket; byte[] receiveBuffer = new byte[ 4096 ]; e.SetBuffer(receiveBuffer , 0 , receiveBuffer.Length); e.Completed += new EventHandler<SocketAsyncEventArgs>(OnReceive); s.ReceiveAsync(e); // ... } private void OnReceive( object sender , SocketAsyncEventArgs e ) {} // ... if ( e.BytesTransferred > 0 ) { Int32 bytesTransferred = e.BytesTransferred; String received = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(e.Buffer , e.Offset , bytesTransferred); dataReceived += received; } autoSendReceiveEvents[ SendOperation ].Set(); // could be moved elsewhere autoSendReceiveEvents[ ReceiveOperation ].Set(); // releases mutexes } The code on the server is very similar except that it receives first and then sends a response - the server is not doing anything (that I can tell) to modify the connection after it sends a response. The problem is that the second time I hit SendReceive in the client, the connection is already in a weird state. Do I need to do something in the client to preserve the SocketAsyncEventArgs, and re-use the same object for the lifetime of the socket/connection? I'm not sure which eventargs object should hang around during the life of the connection or a given exchange. Do I need to do something, or Not do something in the server to ensure it continues to Receive data? The server setup and response processing looks like this: void Start() { // ... listenSocket.Bind(...); listenSocket.Listen(0); StartAccept(null); // note accept as soon as we start. OK? mutex.WaitOne(); } void StartAccept(SocketAsyncEventArgs acceptEventArg) { if ( acceptEventArg == null ) { acceptEventArg = new SocketAsyncEventArgs(); acceptEventArg.Completed += new EventHandler<SocketAsyncEventArgs>(OnAcceptCompleted); } Boolean willRaiseEvent = this.listenSocket.AcceptAsync(acceptEventArg); if ( !willRaiseEvent ) ProcessAccept(acceptEventArg); // ... } private void OnAcceptCompleted( object sender , SocketAsyncEventArgs e ) { ProcessAccept(e); } private void ProcessAccept( SocketAsyncEventArgs e ) { // ... SocketAsyncEventArgs readEventArgs = new SocketAsyncEventArgs(); readEventArgs.SetBuffer(dataBuffer , 0 , Int16.MaxValue); readEventArgs.Completed += new EventHandler<SocketAsyncEventArgs>(OnIOCompleted); readEventArgs.UserToken = e.AcceptSocket; dataReceived = ""; // note server is degraded for single client/thread use // As soon as the client is connected, post a receive to the connection. Boolean willRaiseEvent = e.AcceptSocket.ReceiveAsync(readEventArgs); if ( !willRaiseEvent ) this.ProcessReceive(readEventArgs); // Accept the next connection request. this.StartAccept(e); } private void OnIOCompleted( object sender , SocketAsyncEventArgs e ) { // switch ( e.LastOperation ) case SocketAsyncOperation.Receive: ProcessReceive(e); // similar to client code // operate on dataReceived here case SocketAsyncOperation.Send: ProcessSend(e); // similar to client code } // execute this when a data has been processed into a response (ack, etc) private SendResponseToClient(string response) { // create buffer with response // currentEventArgs has class scope and is re-used currentEventArgs.SetBuffer(sendBuffer , 0 , sendBuffer.Length); Boolean willRaiseEvent = currentClient.SendAsync(currentEventArgs); if ( !willRaiseEvent ) ProcessSend(currentEventArgs); } A .NET trace shows the following when sending ABC\r\n: Socket#7588182::SendAsync() Socket#7588182::SendAsync(True#1) Data from Socket#7588182::FinishOperation(SendAsync) 00000000 : 41 42 43 0D 0A Socket#7588182::ReceiveAsync() Exiting Socket#7588182::ReceiveAsync() - True#1 And it stops there. It looks just like the first send from the client but the server shows no activity. I think that could be info overload for now but I'll be happy to provide more details as required. Thanks!

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  • Problem with Marshalling char* in c#

    - by chrmue
    I have a problem calling this function from a c++ DLL in c# INT32 WINAPI PM_COM_GetText(INT32 TextId, char* pBuf, INT32 BufSize); It writes a Text in a buffer for a given text id. I try to call it with the following c# code, but I constantly get an access violation and don't undrestand why: public string GetText(Int32 TextId) { Int32 BufSize = 256; StringBuilder Str = new StringBuilder(BufSize); PM_COM_GetText(TextId, Str, BufSize); return Str.ToString(); } [DllImport("ComDll.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Ansi)] private static extern Int32 PM_COM_GetText(Int32 TextId, StringBuilder Str, Int32 BufSize); I don't see what's wrong, it looks to me like many other code snippets I found in the web. Any ideas? Thanks in advance!

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  • Code golf: combining multiple sorted lists into a single sorted list

    - by Alabaster Codify
    Implement an algorithm to merge an arbitrary number of sorted lists into one sorted list. The aim is to create the smallest working programme, in whatever language you like. For example: input: ((1, 4, 7), (2, 5, 8), (3, 6, 9)) output: (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) input: ((1, 10), (), (2, 5, 6, 7)) output: (1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 10) Note: solutions which concatenate the input lists then use a language-provided sort function are not in-keeping with the spirit of golf, and will not be accepted: sorted(sum(lists,[])) # cheating: out of bounds! Apart from anything else, your algorithm should be (but doesn't have to be) a lot faster! Clearly state the language, any foibles and the character count. Only include meaningful characters in the count, but feel free to add whitespace to the code for artistic / readability purposes. To keep things tidy, suggest improvement in comments or by editing answers where appropriate, rather than creating a new answer for each "revision". EDIT: if I was submitting this question again, I would expand on the "no language provided sort" rule to be "don't concatenate all the lists then sort the result". Existing entries which do concatenate-then-sort are actually very interesting and compact, so I won't retro-actively introduce a rule they break, but feel free to work to the more restrictive spec in new submissions. Inspired by http://stackoverflow.com/questions/464342/combining-two-sorted-lists-in-python

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