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  • How to secure postfix to find out whether the emails are coming really from the sender?

    - by codeworxx
    Is it possible to secure postfix in a way, that incoming emails are checked on whether the email comes really from the sender? Is that possible to write php script and chose a sender, like the mail is really coming from the sender and what are the possibilities for postfix to find out that this mail is not actually coming from the real sender? What I have found out and activated are the options smtpd_sender_restrictions = reject_unknown_sender_domain unknown_address_reject_code = 554 smtpd_client_restrictions = reject_unknown_client unknown_client_reject_code = 554 Please mention, whether I have missed out on any points!

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  • Size of modules within initrd

    - by LiKao
    I am currently trying to manually replace the kernel within ubuntu-core on an embedded device with a custom kernel. However when I try to update the initrd my initrd becomes much bigger. Here is what I did: Extract the initrd that was shipped with ubuntu Make a list of all modules within the old initrd get the same modules from the new module director at /lib/modules/new_kernel_version add these modules to the initrd and remove the old ones If I do this my initrd becomes quite bigger than the original one, so I checked the individual modules. I picked the btrfs.ko filesystem driver as an example. So by comparing these two modules I noticed the one I just picked into the initrd was much bigger, which caused the difference in size. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 999K Nov 14 15:06 btrfs.ko For the btrfs.ko within the shipped initrd. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7.2M Nov 14 15:08 btrfs.ko For the new btrfs.ko. What is different between these two modules? Could this be caused by some faulty setting for the new kernel? When producing the kernel I copied /proc/config.gz and used make oldconfig to update it, so all optimisations should be the same for both kernels. Or is there something else which is being done to the modules before they are put into the initrd? Maybe is there even some better way to build a new initrd for the new kernel in ubuntu altogether. Update: I just also tested with an initrd which I created from scratch using the mkinitrfs command within ubuntu, and it has the same size difference that I found for the initrd I manually updated.

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  • /var/tmp and file lifetime

    - by clorz
    Hi everyone I've got a cronjob that runs every minute and checks existence of a certain file. If there's no such file, job silently ends. If there is a file, then another script is started. That script removes the file when done. Its execution time can take up to 20 minutes. My questions are: Are there any flaws in this scheme? Is it ok to store such file in tmp? Can I be shure that nothing will attempt to remove it?

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  • OpenVPN bridge network from routed clients

    - by gphilip
    I have the following setup: subnet 1 - 10.0.1.0/24 with a machine used as NAT and also running an OpenVPN client subnet 2 - 192.168.1/24 with an OpenVPN server (the server in subnet 1 connect here) subnet 3 - 10.0.2.0/24 that uses the NAT machine (subnet 1) to access the internet, so all non-local traffic is routed there to the eth0 interface The OpenVPN client creates the tun0 interface and appropriate routing so that I can access machines from 192.168.1/24 [root@ip-10-0-1-208 ~]# telnet 192.168.1.186 8081 Trying 192.168.1.186... Connected to 192.168.1.186. Escape character is '^]'. [root@ip-10-0-1-208 ~]# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 10.0.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 10.0.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 10.8.0.1 10.8.0.5 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 tun0 10.8.0.5 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 169.254.169.254 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.0.0 10.8.0.5 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 However, when I try the same from subnet 3, it can't reach that machine. [root@ip-10-0-2-61 ~]# telnet 192.168.1.186 8081 Trying 192.168.1.186... I suspect that it's because subnet 3 is routed to eth0 on the NAT machine in subnet 1 and it cannot jump to tun0. What's the easiest way to resolve it? I don't want to use iptables. I can't change the routing from machines in subnet 1 because it's done in AWS and so it works only with specific interfaces. Also, the NAT machine gets its IP with DHCP and so bridging is a bit complicated. IP forwarding is set on the NAT machine [root@ip-10-0-1-208 ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward 1 Thank you!

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  • How to echo current document.title with Firefox Vimperator -> autocmd?

    - by shox
    When I try to do this :autocmd LocationChange .* echo document.title the first page that gets displayed makes no echo. If I proceed to the next tab, the title of the last tab gets echoed. Does anybody know how I can get for every landing on the page the title echoed instantly instead of when "leaving" the tab? And it only works every two times. If I go through my tabs 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 (next tab) the output will be (being at 1 currently) _blank Title of 1 _ Title of 3 _ Title of 5 _ Title of 7 _ (now being at tab 8) But I want Title of 1 Title of 2 ... Any ideas?

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  • No rule to make target libmysql.c', needed bylibmysql.lo'. Stop

    - by user1711008
    I install mysql5.1.53, run #./configure is well, but run #make have this error. My system is centos5.8, gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-52) make[2]: Leaving directory /root/soft/mysql-5.1.53/libmysql' make[1]: Leaving directory/root/soft/mysql-5.1.53/libmysql' Making all in libmysql_r make[1]: Entering directory /root/soft/mysql-5.1.53/libmysql_r' make all-am make[2]: Entering directory/root/soft/mysql-5.1.53/libmysql_r' make[2]: * No rule to make target libmysql.c', needed bylibmysql.lo'. Stop. make[2]: Leaving directory /root/soft/mysql-5.1.53/libmysql_r' make[1]: *** [all] Error 2 make[1]: Leaving directory/root/soft/mysql-5.1.53/libmysql_r' make: * [all-recursive] Error 1

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  • How to verify TRIM/discard on encrypted swap?

    - by svarni
    I am using an encrypted swap partition via ecryptfs-setup-swap on my Ubuntu 13.04 computer using a SSD. I have manually set up trim for my ext4 root partition (simply by adding the "discard" option in /etc/fstab). I also manually ran fstrim on the root partition prior to booting and using dstat I saw that for a few seconds several GB/s of data have been written to the disk. That was presumably the effect of the trim command. These high writerates are reproducable by deleting huge files and have not occured before setting up trim, so I take them as evidence for working trim/discard. Manually enabling trim on my root partition has stopped the wearout of my precious new disk from 365 used reserved blocks (out of 6176 total) within three months down to 0 additional used reserved blocks within three additional months (data from SMART attributes). Because I want to minimize the wearout of my SSD I now would like to know whether my swap partition (which is encrypted using ecryptfs-setup-swap) also makes use of the trim/discard option. I tried sudo swapon -d -v /dev/mapper/cryptswap1 but did not receive particular information ("-v") about whether trim/discard ("-d") was applied. If unsupported, i would expect a message. Then I tried sudo dd if=/dev/sda6 count=1 BS=1M | xxd | less directly after booting and when no swapspace was used but I saw not only zeroes. I assume, when looking at freshly trimmed regions, the disk would send zeroes instead of reading random sectors (and according to some forums, (unencrypted) swap space is trimmed once upon boot). Long story short: Are there any ideas on how to test if trim is effectively used for my encrypted swap? And if not, any ideas on how to - at least manually, for once - trim the whole swap space? I wouldn't want to tinker with the partition itself, because I dont know if it needs to be reinitialized as (encrypted) swap - I dont want to be left with an unbootable system :)

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  • Is it safe to run two instances of svnserve on one repository, or only one?

    - by fredden
    We've two nodes running heartbeat/drbd, and one of the services we're using is subversion. What I want to know is: is it safe to run svnserve on both nodes all the time, or should it only run on the active node? Does svnserve use file-level locking, or is it all in memory? What are the implications of running svnserve without its repositories accessible? Please let me know if this isn't clear, and I'll try my best to rephrase/clarify. :)

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  • How to turn off ATI adapter on Acer Timeline 4810G with ubuntu 9.10

    - by netimen
    I can't turn off my ATI adapter. I have applied the fix, but still lspci | grep VGA gives 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 07) 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc M92 LP [Mobility Radeon HD 4300 Series] (rev ff) and my power consumption is about 15W (Wi-Fi on). I run ubuntu 9.10, kernel 2.6.31-14-generic. BIOS version 2.30

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  • Nothing is written in php5-fpm.log

    - by jaypabs
    I have two servers which is Ubuntu 12.04 and Ubuntu 14.04. When I use Ubuntu 14.04 in my new server and enabled the php-fpm log file found under /etc/php5/fpm/php-fpm.conf that reads as follows: error_log = /var/log/php5-fpm.log I noticed that most of the log that I found in Ubuntu 12.04 is not written in 14.04. For example, if I restart php5-fpm in my Ubuntu 12.04, a restart log is being written, however, this does not happen in 14.04. Another log which I missed in 14.04 are the following: [23-Aug-2014 16:23:03] NOTICE: [pool web42] child 118098 exited with code 0 after 12983.480191 seconds from start [23-Aug-2014 16:23:03] NOTICE: [pool web42] child 147653 started [23-Aug-2014 17:27:31] WARNING: [pool web8] child 76743, script '/var/www/mysite.com/web/wp-comments-post.php' (request: "POST /wp-comments-post.php") executing too slow (12.923022 sec), logging I really wanted to have this kind of log so I will know the length of time a slow script has executed. Does anyone know if there are other settings in Ubuntu 14.04 that I need to change in addition to /etc/php5/fpm/php-fpm.conf?

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  • Apache configuration FollowSymlinks- Apply to php scripts?

    - by Josh
    I have Options set to none for my webroot directory. I also have a symmlink /var/coderoot - /var/webroot/coderoot In the php script I can do include("/var/coderoot/file"); and it works fine. Regardless of the option (yes I save and restart apache.) Does follow symlinks only apply to symlinks used in a certain way? Is there a performance loss using the include with a symmlink?

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  • How to search a text file for strings between two tokens in Ubuntu terminal and save the output?

    - by Blue
    How can I search a text file for this pattern in Ubuntu terminal and save the output as a text file? I'm looking for everything between the string "abc" and the string "cde" in a long list of data. For example: blah blah abc fkdljgn cde blah blah blah blah blah blah abc skdjfn cde blah In the example above I would be looking for an output such as this: fkdljgn skdjfn It is important that I can also save the data output as a text file. Can I use grep or agrep and if so, what is the format?

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  • Is it inefficient to have symbolic links to symbolic links?

    - by Ogre Psalm33
    We're setting up a series of Makefiles where we want to have a project-level include directory that will have symbolic links to sub-project-level include files. Many sub-project developers have chosen to have their include files also be symbolic links to yet another directory where the actual software is located. So my question is, is it inefficient to have a symbolic link to a symbolic link to another file (for, say, a C++ header that may be included dozens or more times during a compile)? Example directory tree: /project/include/ x_header1.h -> /project/src/csci_x/include/header1.h x_header2.h -> /project/src/csci_x/include/header2.h /project/src/csci_x/ include/ header1.h -> /project/src/csci_x/local_1/cxx/header1.h header2.h -> /project/src/csci_x/local_2/cxx/header2.h local_1/cxx/ module1.cpp header1.h local_2/cxx/ module2.cpp header2.h

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  • how to figure out why sites on my server aren't loading

    - by Derek
    I seem to randomly receive "page cannot load, cannot connect to server" errors for sites on one of my servers. when this happens, it seems to only happen on certain IPs or IP ranges at a time. I say this because while I'll get the error from my home laptop I'll be able to access the site fine from my work computer or from an offsite VPS. DNS records should already be fully propagated as these records were updated months ago. I have no idea how to diagnose what's going on. Is there a tool in cpanel or outside on the web that can help me figure out what's going on?

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  • Best Practice: Migrating Email Boxes (maildir format)

    - by GruffTech
    So here's the situation. I've got about 20,000 maildir email accounts chewing up a several hundred GB of space on our email server. Maildir by nature keeps thousands of tiny a** little files, instead of one .mbox file or the like... So i need to migrate all of these several millions of files from one server to the other, for both space and life-cycle reasons. the conventional methods i would use all work just fine. rsync is the option that comes immediately to mind, however i wanted to see if there are any other "better" options out there. Rsync not handling multi-threaded transfers in this situation sucks because it never actually gets up to speed and saturates my network connection, because of this the transfer from one server to another will take hours beyond hours, when it shouldn't really take more then one or two. I know this is highly opinionated and subjective and will therefore be marked community wiki.

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  • VPS, what to install next?

    - by Camran
    I have my VPS now, with ubuntu 9.10 OS. I wonder about SSH. What is it for, and how do I use it? Also, in which order should I install apps on my server? (ex: PuTTY, IPTABLES, LAMP etc...)? Thanks

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  • getting rich text from the X clipboard

    - by intuited
    How can rich text be obtained from the X clipboard? For example, if you copy some text from a web browser and paste it into kompozer, it pastes as HTML, with links etc. preserved. However, xclip -o for the same selection just outputs plain text. I'd like to pull the HTML out and into a text editor.

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  • Audio organizing via CLI

    - by Radek Šimko
    I'm looking for some software for my OpenSUSE, which with I would be able to organize my audio files. I've found one, which may be good, but it's unable to run without X server (in CLI). http://musicbrainz.org/doc/MusicBrainz_Picard I'm not looking for ID3 renamers. There're maybe hundreds of them... I'm looking for software, which has its own database, or is able to communicate with some database, like CDDB, Gracenote, last.fm etc.

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  • nagiosgraph new services not showing

    - by Eleven-Two
    I am using Nagios Core with Nagiosgraph and had only enabled graphing for cpu usage for a while. This worked fine, but now i wanted to add some more services (for example memory usage). The new services are not working (no rrd data is generated). The Nagiosgraph site only says "no data available" and I get no error in apache log, nagiosgraph.log or nagiosgraph-cgi.log. The new services are standard services (nsclient++ MEMUSE for example) and of course they are included in the map file. If I execute the checks manually, it shows also the perfdata. I added the services by enabling the "graphed-service" use. Did I miss something?

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  • I just deleted "/bin". What's the best way to recover?

    - by Tom Marthenal
    I just ran (not on purpose!) rm -rf /bin. I've booted down the computer and am using Finnix to try to recover from it. I have succeeded in mounting the drive, and confirmed that, yes, the entire /bin folder is deleted. Is it possible to recover from this without reinstalling the OS? I'm thinking that I could setup a VM with the same OS and architecture (Ubuntu Server 11.10 alpha release, x86) and install all the packages I had installed on the server, then just copy the /bin folder. Will this work? Am I better off just starting over?

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  • OpenVPN access to a private network

    - by Gior312
    There are many similar topics about my issue, however I cannot figure out a solution for myself. There are three hosts. A without a routable address but with an Internet access. Server S with a routable Internet address and host B behind NAT in a private network. What I've managed to do is a OpenVPN connection between A and B via S. Everything works fine so far according to this manual VPN Setup What I want to do is to connect A to Bs private network 10.A.B.x I tried this manual but had no luck. So A has a vpn address 10.9.0.10, B's vpn address is 10.9.0.6 and B's private network is 10.20.20.0/24. When at the Server I try to make a route to Bs private network like this sudo route add 10.20.20.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.9.0.6 dev tun0 it says "route: netmask 000000ff doesn't make sense with host route" but I don't know how to tell Server to look for a private network in a different way. Do you know how can I make it right ?

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