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• Slackware 12 - installed cairo but cannot be seen

  - by piro

  Hi. I wanted to install gtk+ 2.16.5, so i also installed glib, pango and cairo. All seemed to work well, except for cairo. At first I got an error while configuring: Requested 'cairo = 1.6' but version of cairo is 1.4.12 I installed the newest version of cairo without any problems, i rebooted the comp and when i started the configure again the same thing happened and it showed me the same error. I also can see this: Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you installed software in a non-standard prefix. Alternatively, you may set the environment variables BASE_DEPENDENCIES_CFLAGS and BASE_DEPENDENCIES_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config. See the pkg-config man page for more details. Can someone help me ? Thanks.

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• Need to set mailx variable to specify the From address

  - by user256817

  Running Oracle Linux 5.8 (which is just re-branded RedHat EL 5.8) I must change the From address. But we have scripts that use mailx which cannot be re-written to use any extra flags, so I'd like to use internal variables instead, which I see on the linux.die.net manpage on mailx is an alternative to the -r flag: -r address Sets the From address. Overrides any from variable specified in environment or startup files. Tilde escapes are disabled. The -r address options are passed to the mail transfer agent unless SMTP is used. This option exists for compatibility only; it is recommended to set the from variable directly instead. (Source: http://linux.die.net/man/1/mailx) How can we use these mailx variables? I tried adding this to /root/.mailrc, no go: set [email protected] I also added that to /etc/mail.rc with no gold. So I am turning to you, SuperUsers...

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• samba - join domain - automatically set workgroup

  - by ftiaronsem

  Hell alltogether Since I have to do this often, I want to automate the joining to a windows domain as much as possible. While joining a domain one has to specify realm = in the /etc/smb.conf, along with some other settings like security=ads. Among these settingst there is workgroup = My question is: Is it possible to fill this field automatically by samba, while joining a domain? Normally I would just have said never, but as I tried leaving this field blank while joining a domain, i got: Failed to join domain: Invalid configuration ("workgroup" set to '', should be 'BLABLA') and configuration modification was not requested This has made me wondering whether an automatic modification is possible and if so how? A search on the internet and the man page brought no results. It would be really great, if someone could answer that. Thanks in advance ftiaronsem

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• Apache Subversion and Sudo - Why can't I resolve this hostname?

  - by Hollowsteps

  Okay, I made a mistake and I'll be the first to admit I'm new at this setup. I built a bare bones kit, installed Ubuntu on it, and attempted to set up a source control server for a project some friend and I were going to work on. Unfortunately, I screwed up. I followed a dodgy tutorial from 2005 and when it didn't work, started mixing and matching trying to get to the source of my problem. So now I sit before you, a broken and miserable man. Desperate to escape this annoying echo of 'Unable to resolve host computer.repositoryname.com', I uninstalled apache and subversion. That did not fix it. Next I tried to edit my /etc/hosts, going so far as to remove the reference to '127.0.1.1 computername'. Still I'm plagued. I know I messed up, is there any way to track down this wayward bug?

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• Is there a software package that safely allows SSH via web on simple web host?

  - by spoulson

  I want to be able to use a secured web page on my shared web host to make SSH connections out to any destination. A shared web host is cheap and easy to maintain, and usually allows ssh to the web server. There are times I'd like to ssh into my web server, but don't have direct ssh connectivity. I'm aware of consoleFISH, Ajaxterm, and Anyterm. The problem is consoleFISH is a man-in-the-middle by design, and Ajaxterm/Anyterm require running a daemon process on the hosting server. Web hosts can usually support cron jobs, but not continuously running daemon processes. Additional Apache modules are usually out, too, as they require reconfiguration of the server and affects all other customers. Are there any software packages out there I can run on my shared web hosting account that provide a true ssh experience with these limitations?

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• Why change net.inet.tcp.tcbhashsize in FreeBSD?

  - by sh-beta

  In virtually every FreeBSD network tuning document I can find: # /boot/loader.conf net.inet.tcp.tcbhashsize=4096 This is usually paired with some unhelpful statement like "TCP control-block hash table tuning" or "Set this to a reasonable value." man 4 tcp isn't much help either: tcbhashsize Size of the TCP control-block hash table (read-only). This may be tuned using the kernel option TCBHASHSIZE or by setting net.inet.tcp.tcbhashsize in the loader(8). The only document I can find that touches on this mysterious thing is the Protocol Control Block Lookup subsection beneath Transport Layer in Optimizing the FreeBSD IP and TCP Stack, but its description is more about potential bottlenecks in using it. It seems tied to matching new TCP segments to their listening sockets, but I'm not sure how. What exactly is the TCP Control Block used for? Why would you want to set its hash size to 4096 or any other particular number?

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• Security and encryption with OpenVPN

  - by Chris Tenet

  The UK government is trying to implement man-in-the-middle attack systems in order to capture header data in all packets. They are also equipping the "black boxes" they will use with technology to see encrypted data (see the Communications Data Bill). I use a VPN to increase my privacy. It uses OpenVPN, which in turn uses the OpenSSL libraries for encrypting data. Will the government be able to see all the data going through the VPN connection? Note: the VPN server is located in Sweden, if that makes a difference.

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• dhclient and dhcpcd the real difference

  - by rubixibuc

  I can't figure out the difference from just the man pages. I can see what is a daemon and one is a client, but what does that mean practically when using the commands? Also what is the difference between the client and daemon in this case, not just the terms (client and daemon) but functionally wise? EDIT: How are the tasks divided, if the client updates the information on the client, what is the purpose of the daemon. I'm talking about the client daemon in this case dhcpcd not dhcpd. Both come installed by default with some versions of Linux and seem to share the duties of the dhcp client. NAME dhcpcd - DHCP client daemon Name dhclient - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Client

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• How should I capture Linux kernel panic stack traces?

  - by Alnitak

  What's current best practice to capture full kernel stack traces on a Linux system (RHEL 5.x, kernel 2.6.18) that occasionally panics in a device driver? I'm used to the "old" SunOS way of doing things - crash dumps get written to swap, and on reboot the dump gets retrieved in the local file system. man 8 crash refers to diskdump, but that appears to be unsupported. and/or deprecated. I've played with kdump, but it's unclear whether I can get a stack trace from that. Triggering a panic via Magic SysRq didn't create one. It also seems wasteful to reserve so much memory (128MB) just for a kexec crash recovery kernel.

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• How to migrate KVM based VMs running in LVM setup to Vmdk images

  - by Bond

  I am using KVM on Ubuntu Server 10.04. and Virtual Machines are running on it in LVM. I have to migrate some of them to Vmware server.How can I achieve this? I searched and came across some links but they all talked converting vmdk images to qcow or so.In this case I have OS in LVM. I also looked at man page of qemu-img and as I understand it should do what I am asking in this thread. But how exactly should I proceed in this case.Since it is not a file based image (OS running in an LVM which has filesystem in that LVM). So I am not able to understand what should I be doing to achieve the same. Can I achieve the above with snapshots of LVMs rather than shutting down the VM itself.

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• When to use delaycompress option in logrotate?

  - by Anand Chitipothu

  The man page of logrotate says that: It can be used when some program cannot be told to close its logfile and thus might continue writing to the previous log file for some time. I'm confused by this. If a program cannot be told to close its logfile, it will continue to write forever, not for sometime. If the compression is postponed to next rotation cycle, the program continues to write to that file even after the next rotation cycle. How is postponing solving the problem? My understanding is that copytruncate should be used when a program cannot be told to close the logfile. I'm aware that some data written to the logfile gets lost when the copy is in progress. I was looking at the logrotate file for couchdb, and it had both copytruncate and delaycompress options. /usr/local/couchdb-1.0.1/var/log/couchdb/*.log { weekly rotate 10 copytruncate delaycompress compress notifempty missingok } It looks like there is no point using delaycompress when copytruncate is already there. What am I missing?

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• Why does subshell not inherit exported variable (PS1)?

  - by amn

  After some debugging I finally narrowed down the problem as to why my X session xterm prompt does not appear according to my PS1 setting. If I run sh -c env, it doesn't even show PS1 in the list. Why? export PS1='test' sh -c env # No PS1 in the list, default prompt appearance (shell name + version) Substituting sh with bash yields same result, alas the behavior appears to be the same for both shells/modes. As far as I understood from man bash, the environment resulting from command run by shell with -c should include the exported variables. And it does - exporting FOOBAR results in FOOBAR listed in env run by subshell. It appears that the story is different if the variable is PS1 however. What is going on? I want my prompt propagated throughout the process tree and system. For matters sake, it is set in /etc/profile.d/user.sh (a file I created myself) with the following: PS1='\u@\H \w \$ ' export PS1 I am running Arch Linux (updated yesterday.)

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• txt file descriptor in lsof

  - by wfaulk

  In my experience, files that have the file descriptor of txt in lsof output are the executable file itself and shared objects. The lsof man page says that it means "program text (code and data)". While debugging a problem, I found a large number of data files (specifically, ElasticSearch database index files) that lsof reported as txt. These are definitely not executable files. The process was ElasticSearch itself, which is a java process, if that helps point someone in the right direction. I want to understand how this process is opening and using these files that gets it to be reported in this way. I'm trying to understand some memory utilization, and I suspect that these open files are related to some metrics I'm seeing in some way. The system is Solaris 10 x86.

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• Zsh, directory tab-completion with prefix

  - by nifty

  I have a directory where I put all my projects in, let's say it's ~/projects as an example. I've made a command called s which takes one argument, and moves me into that directory. E.g.: s foo moves me to ~/projects/foo. What I'd like is to have a completion command of some sorts, which would act like cd so I could do keep hitting tab to go further into the ~/projects/... directories. Basically, cd with a prefix which is always present. I've looked into zstyle completion in man zshcompsys, but realized I just don't know enough about it to understand it properly.

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• dhclient append settings from multiple DHCP servers

  - by Brian

  I have a server with two interfaces connected to two separate networks, using DHCP for both. When dhclient is writing /etc/resolv.conf, I would like it to append settings that aren't already there. For instance, if I receive from one DHCP server: nameserver 10.0.0.1 search one.mydomain.com and from another: nameserver 10.1.1.254 search two.mydomain.com Then resolv.conf should look like this: search one.mydomain.com two.mydomain.com nameserver 10.0.0.1 nameserver 10.1.1.254 At the moment, it seems the last dhclient overwrites whatever was there. I know I can preconfigure settings in dhclient.conf using supercede or append, but then I have to hard-code the values. I've scoured the man page for dhclient, but it seems like dhclient prefers to work alone (i.e. not in conjunction with any other dhclients)...or am I missing something?

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• Linux - Multiple service statuses with one command

  - by Jimbo

  I'm trying to retrieve a list of multiple service statuses in Unix. I'm using the service command: man page. The statuses all start with the transmission-daemon string, for example. I require the ability to list multiple services' statuses, with a single command. Here is what I'm currently trying (and failing) with: Here I'm trying to grab a list of statuses using grep. service $(ls /etc/init.d | grep "transmission-daemon") status Here I'm trying to list all statuses, and then grep for them. service --status-all | grep "transmission-daemon" This produces the following, which isn't much help: How can I effectively achieve what I require with a single command, so that I can then continue piping to awk for further customisation? Desired example output: transmission-daemon started transmission-daemon2 stopped transmission-daemon3 started

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• tcpdump dns output codes

  - by tim

  Captured on the nameserver: 21:54:35.391126 IP resolver.7538 > server.domain: 57385% [1au] A? www.domain.de. (42) What das the percent sign in 57385% mean? As far as I can see 57385 is the clients sequence number, a plus would mean RD bit set. Second question: what does the ARCOUNT do in the query? As I understand the tcpdump man page the [1au] means tcpdump treats this as a protocol anomalie - as would I. I see this in a lot of queries.

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• Postfix sasl: Relay access Denied (state 14)

  - by Primoz

  I have postfix installed with dovecot. There are no problems when I'm trying to send e-mails from my server, however all e-mails that are coming in are rejected. My main.cf file: queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix command_directory = /usr/sbin daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix mail_owner = postfix inet_interfaces = all mydestination = localhost, $mydomain, /etc/postfix/domains/domains virtual_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/domains/addresses unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases home_mailbox = Maildir/ debug_peer_level = 2 debugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin xxgdb $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5 sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix setgid_group = postdrop html_directory = no manpage_directory = /usr/share/man sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/samples readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/README_FILES smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_recipient_restrictions = check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:9999, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_destination, smtpd_sender_restriction = reject_non_fqdn_sender broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes UPDATE: Now, when e-mail comes to the server, the server tries to reroute the mail. Example, if the message was sent to [email protected], my server changes that to [email protected] and then the mail bounces because there's no such domain on my server.

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• How do I launch a process as a specific user at startup on OS X?

  - by Scott Bonds

  I would like to run a script as a particular user on startup (not on login). I thought a launchd LaunchDaemon would do it, but 'man launchd' says: "If you wish your service to run as a certain user, in that user's environment, making it a launchd agent is the ONLY supported means of accomplishing this on Mac OS X. In other words, it is not sufficient to perform a setuid(2) to become a user in the truest sense on Mac OS X." They aren't kidding--when I try to run my script as a LaunchDaemon it doesn't work. In particular I'm trying to automate some keychain operations using the 'security' command, and it won't let me change the default keychain when I run the script through LaunchDaemon, though the script works fine when run using sudo from a shell. A LaunchAgent won't work, because the goal is for the proces to run without a user logging in and LaunchAgents only run when someone logs in. I looked at cron and the @reboot directive and that looks promising, but I read that cron is deprecated on OSX.

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• virsh console and tty size

  - by pehrs

  I have a virtualization server to which I connect over ssh. If I now change the size of the window it will automatically propagate to the server. It's most easily seen using stty -a, checking the columns and row values. I then use virsh console to connect to the serial interface on a KVM based virtual machine. When I now change the size of the window it does not propagate to the virtual server. This is most easily seen by checking stty -a, which is not updated on the virtual machine when I change window size. This means that line breaks does not work correctly in the terminal and any application that relies on window size for formatting (emacs, man, etc) gets messed up unless the window size on the client matches the default size on the server. A workaround is to manually set the window size to match the client window using stty, but I wonder if there is any way to get this information to propagate and set the window size in the virtual machine automatically.

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• How to call a program and exit from the shell (the caller) when program is active?

  - by Jack

  I want to run a program with GUI, by typing into konsole: foo args … and exit from the shell (that's the caller) when the program (foo) is active. How do I this? Is there a Linux/Unix built-in command/program to do it? I'm not a shell-man, really. I know that it's possible by writing a small program in C or C++ (any other programming language with small I/O interface on POSIX) programming language with the fork() and one-of exec*() function family. It may take some time; I'll do it only if there is no native solution. Sorry for my bad English; it's not my native language. Also, not sure on tags, please edit for me, if I'm wrong. If it matters, I'm using OpenSUSE 10.x.

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• Foremost custom file type not accepted by -t argument

  - by Channel72

  I'm trying to recover a deleted file on an ext3 file system using the foremost utility. The file I want to recover is a hpp C++ source code file. However, foremost does not automatically support the hpp file extension, so I have to add it to the config file. So, following the instructions on the man page, I add the following line to the config file: hpp n 50000 include include ASCII Then I run foremost as follows: $foremost -v -T -t hpp -i /dev/md0 -o /home/recover/ Instead of doing anything, it just displays the help message. If I change the hpp to htm or jpg, it works. So apparently foremost isn't accepting the custom file type I added into the config file. But I've looked over this dozens of times now, and I can't see what I'm doing wrong. I'm following the instructions exactly. Why doesn't foremost recognize the new file type I added to the config file?

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• Has ec2 made self-hosting possible for 'amateur' sysadmins possible?

  - by Blankman

  I'm a developer, and it seems ec2 has made it possible for a amateur sysadmin like me to setup and maintain a fairly large set of servers. Now I don't mean to undermine real sys admins, as I know the value of them but what I am trying to get at is that someone like me can setup and maintain a cluster of servers (front end web servers, with some db servers) using tools like ec2 and capistrano with the help of google. Now this isn't something I would do as a long term thing, but as a startup, one-man operation, I think I can pull this off until business takes off and I can hire this important role out. With ec2, I get my firewall, so I basically open up port 80 on my public facing server, which will run haproxy and route requests to my cluster of servers. Ofcourse I am simplifying the setup, but just want a feel for what you guys think about my perception. My application is a web application, that will be runing Ruby on rails (passenger) and talking to mysql or postgresql.

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• rsync : Read input from a file and sync accordingly

  - by Dheeraj

  I have a text file which contains the list of files and directories that I want to copy (one on a line). Now I want rsync to take this input from my text file and sync it to the destination that I provide. I've tried playing around with "--include-from=FILE" and "--file-from=FILE" options of rsync but is is just not working I also tried pre-fixing "+" on each line in my file but still it is not working. I have tried coming with various filter PATTERNs as outlined in the rsync man page but it is not working. Could someone provide me correct syntax for this use case. I've tried above things on Fedora 15, RHEL 6.2 and Ubuntu 10.04 and none worked. So i am definitely missing something. Many thanks.

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• yum update with shared cache

  - by Sammitch

  We've got a big batch of RHEL6 machines that are due for patching, and for some reason the process here does not involve a local repo. I'm new here, I've asked why, ["it just didn't work"] and I don't have enough time to make it work before the window that's already scheduled. So the usual method is to install yum-downloadonly and run yum update --downloadonly --downloaddir=/mnt/cifs_share and then yum update /mnt/cifs_share/*.rpm which just does not look right to me since not all of these machines have the same set of installed packages. The method I tried today was mounting the share to /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6Server/rhel-x86_64-server-6/packages/ which worked, but then yum automatically deleted everything once it finished. I've looked over the yum man page, but I don't see any flag I can feed it to stop it from deleting everything, nor a flag like up2date's --tmpdir=/mnt/cifs_share. Can anyone out there help me kludge this together until I can get a local repository working?

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