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• backup and restoration of a freeipa infrastructure

  - by Sirex

  I'm finding the documentation on ipa server backup and restoration sadly lacking, and being so centrally critical it's not something i'm really happy about shooting in the dark with - could some kind soul more knowledable in the matter please attempt to provide an idiot-proof guide to backing up and restoring of IPA server(s) ? Particularly the main server (the cert signing one). ...We're looking towards rolling out ipa in a two server setup (1 master, 1 replica). I'm using dns srv records to handle failover, hence a loss of the replica isn't a big deal as i could make a new one and force a resync to happen - it's losing the master that bothered me. The thing that i'm really struggling with is locating a step-by-step procedure for backing up and restoring the master server. I'm aware that whole-VM snapshot is the recommended way of doing IPA server backup, but that isn't an option at this time for us. I'm also aware that freeipa 3.2.0 includes some sort of backup command build in, but that isn't in the ipa version of centos, and i don't expect it will be for some time yet. I've been trying many different methods, but none of them seem to restore cleanly, amongst others, i've tried; a command similar to db2ldif.pl -D "cn=directory manager" -w - -n userroot -a /root/userroot.ldif the script from here to produce three ldif files -- one for the domain ({domain}-userroot), and two for the ipa server (ipa-ipaca and ipa-userroot): Most of the restores i've tried have been similar to the form of: ldif2db.pl -D "cn=directory manager" -w - -n userroot -i userroot.ldif which seems to work and reports no errors, but totally borks the ipa install on the machine and i can no longer login with either the admin password on the backed up server, or the one i set it to on installation before attempting the ldif2db command (i'm installing ipa-server and running ipa-server-install, then attempting the restore). I'm not overly bothered about losing the CA, having to rejoin the domain, losing replication etc etc (although it'd be awesome if that could be avoided) but in the instance of the main server dropping i'd really like to avoid having to re-enter all the user/group information. I guess in the instance of losing the main server i could promote the other one and replicate in the other direction, but i've not tried that, either. Has anyone done that ? tl;dr: Can someone provide an idiots guide to backing up and restoring an IPA server (preferably on CentOS 6) in a clear enough way that'd make me feel confident it'll actually work when the dreaded time comes ? Crayons are optional, but appreciated ;-) I can't be the only person struggling with this, seeing how widely used IPA is, surely ?

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• eth0 and eth1 both assigned same IP on boot

  - by Banjer

  I have a physical SLES 11 SP2 server on a Sun Fire x4140 that is giving me problems with networking upon reboot. The NICs are onboard. The networking appears successful during boot, but network services such as nfs fail hard. This is because eth0 and eth1 are both receiving the same configuration and are both ifup-ed. Once everything times out and I'm at the console, ifconfig shows that eth0 and eth1 are UP and running with the same IP. Attempting to ping anything in that subnet fails. Restarting the network service fixes the issue. eth0 is the correct NIC that should be configured as primary, per the MAC address. Question: Whats causing eth1 to be brought up with the same config as eth0?? I do not have a config script set up for eth1: banjer@harp:~> ls -la /etc/sysconfig/network/ total 104 drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Jun 11 12:21 . drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Apr 10 09:46 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13916 Apr 10 09:32 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9952 Apr 10 09:36 dhcp -rw------- 1 root root 180 Jun 11 12:21 ifcfg-eth0 -rw------- 1 root root 180 Jun 11 12:21 ifcfg-eth3 -rw------- 1 root root 172 Feb 1 08:32 ifcfg-lo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29333 Feb 1 08:32 ifcfg.template drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 10 09:32 if-down.d -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 239 Feb 1 08:32 ifroute-lo drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 10 09:33 if-up.d drwx------ 2 root root 4096 May 5 2010 providers -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25 Nov 16 2010 routes drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 10 09:36 scripts On a side note, eth3 is also configured with an IP in a different subnet, but this has not posed any problems. FYI the kernel module being used is forcedeth. banjer@harp:~> sudo cat /etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-eth0 BOOTPROTO='static' BROADCAST='' ETHTOOL_OPTIONS='' IPADDR='172.21.64.25/20' MTU='' NAME='MCP55 Ethernet' NETWORK='' REMOTE_IPADDR='' STARTMODE='auto' USERCONTROL='no' ONBOOT="yes" Here's eth3 in case you need to see it: banjer@harp:~> sudo cat /etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-eth3 BOOTPROTO='static' BROADCAST='' ETHTOOL_OPTIONS='' IPADDR='172.11.200.4/24' MTU='' NAME='MCP55 Ethernet' NETWORK='' REMOTE_IPADDR='' STARTMODE='auto' USERCONTROL='no' ONBOOT="yes" Perhaps is something related to udev? 70-persistent-net-rules looks OK to me, but I may not understand it completely. banjer@harp:~> cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules # This file was automatically generated by the /lib/udev/write_net_rules # program, run by the persistent-net-generator.rules rules file. # # You can modify it, as long as you keep each rule on a single # line, and change only the value of the NAME= key. # PCI device 0x10de:0x0373 (forcedeth) SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:18:4f:8d:85:4c", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth2" # PCI device 0x10de:0x0373 (forcedeth) SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:18:4f:8d:85:4a", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0" # PCI device 0x10de:0x0373 (forcedeth) SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:18:4f:8d:85:4b", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth1" # PCI device 0x10de:0x0373 (forcedeth) SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:18:4f:8d:85:4d", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth3" # PCI device 0x1077:0x3032 (qla3xxx) SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:c1:dd:0e:34:6c", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth4" Any other thoughts on what would cause this?

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• What are the pitfalls of hardlinked files on my desktop PC?

  - by MountainX

  All the identical-content files on my PC are now hardlinked. (My data is completely de-duplicated. It is a consequence of the way I copied my data from my old computer.) What pitfalls do I need to be aware of now that certain actions on one file could silently affect a number of other files? I know that deleting the file I'm working on is not a problem (assuming I deleted it on purpose). It doesn't affect any of the other hardlinked files and I don't see that the delete action would lead to unexpected side effects. Moving or renaming the file is not a problem. I don't see any unexpected consequences. I don't think copying hardlinked files is a problem, but I'm not as confident about any unexpected consequences in this regard. What I have seen is that making a copy (to the same disk) of a hardlinked file with cp keeps the copy hardlinked (i.e., inode number doesn't change in the copy). Copying to another filesystem obviously breaks the hardlink. (I guess one pitfall is forgetting this fact, given that my PC has 3 hard disks.) Changing permissions does affect all linked files. So far this has proven handy. (I made a large number of the hardlinked files read-only.) None of the operations above seem to produce any major unexpected consequences. However, as was pointed out to me by Daniel Beck in a comment, editing or modifying a file can sometimes be a problem. It depends on the tool and maybe the type of edit. (For example, editing small text files using sed seems to always break the link while using nano doesn't.) This introduces the chance that editing one file could affect all the hardlinked files (i.e., alter the original inode). My proposed solution to this is to make all hardlinked files read-only (and that is already mostly the case). If I can't do that for some files, I will unlink those particular files. Is there any problem with this read-only approach? I'm assuming that if I go to edit a file and find it to be read-only, I'll remember to unlink that filename while making it writable. So one pitfall might be forgetting this rule. In that case, I'll have to rely on my backups. Am I correct in the above statements? And what else do I need to know? BTW, I'm running Kubuntu 12.04. I'm also using btrfs. (I have 2 SSD's and 1 HDD in the PC. I will also be adding an external USB HDD. I'm also connected to a network and I mount some NFS shares. I don't assume any of these last bits are relevant to the question, but I'm adding them just in case.) BTW, since I have more than one drive (with separate file systems), to unlink any file all I have to do is copy it to another drive, then move it back. However, using sed also works (in my testing). Here's my script: sed -i 's/\(.\)/\1/' file1 Surprisingly, this even unlinks zero byte files. In my testing it also appears to work on non-text files without any special options. (But I understand that the --binary option might be needed on Windows, MS-DOS and Cygwin.) However, copying to another disk and moving back may be the best way to unlink. For my use-case, unlink command doesn't really "unlink", rather it "removes".

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• Cannot connect to MySQL over TCP locally - Connection Timeout - Ubuntu 9.04

  - by gav

  I am running Ubuntu and am ultimately trying to connect Tomcat to my MySQL database using JDBC. It has worked previously but after a reboot the instance now fails to connect. Both Tomcat 6 and MySQL 5.0.75 are on the same machine Connection string: jdbc:mysql:///localhost:3306 I can connect to MySQL on the command line using the mysql command The my.cnf file is pretty standard (Available on request) has bind address: 127.0.0.1 I cannot Telnet to the MySQL port despite netstat saying MySQL is listening I have one IpTables rule to forward 80 - 8080 and no firewall I'm aware of. I'm pretty new to this and I'm not sure what else to test. I don't know whether I should be looking in etc/interfaces and if I did what to look for. It's weird because it used to work but after a reboot it's down so I must have changed something.... :). I realise a timeout indicates the server is not responding and I assume it's because the request isn't actually getting through. I installed MySQL via apt-get and Tomcat manually. MySqld processes root@88:/var/log/mysql# ps -ef | grep mysqld root 21753 1 0 May27 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe mysql 21792 21753 0 May27 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --skip-external-locking --port=3306 --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock root 21793 21753 0 May27 ? 00:00:00 logger -p daemon.err -t mysqld_safe -i -t mysqld root 21888 13676 0 11:23 pts/1 00:00:00 grep mysqld Netstat root@88:/var/log/mysql# netstat -lnp | grep mysql tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 21792/mysqld unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 1926205077 21792/mysqld /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock Toy Connection Class root@88:~# cat TestConnect/TestConnection.java import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.SQLException; public class TestConnection { public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { Connection con = null; try { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance(); System.out.println("Got driver"); con = DriverManager.getConnection( "jdbc:mysql:///localhost:3306", "uname", "pass"); System.out.println("Got connection"); if(!con.isClosed()) System.out.println("Successfully connected to " + "MySQL server using TCP/IP..."); } finally { if(con != null) con.close(); } } } Toy Connection Class Output Note: This is the same error I get from Tomcat. root@88:~/TestConnect# java -cp mysql-connector-java-5.1.12-bin.jar:. TestConnection Got driver Exception in thread "main" com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: Communications link failure The last packet sent successfully to the server was 1 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server. at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:27) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:513) at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:409) at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createCommunicationsException(SQLError.java:1122) at TestConnection.main(TestConnection.java:14) Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: Communications link failure The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server. at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:27) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:513) at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:409) at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createCommunicationsException(SQLError.java:1122) at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.<init>(MysqlIO.java:344) at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createNewIO(ConnectionImpl.java:2181) ... 12 more Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection timed out at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method) ... 13 more Telnet Output root@88:~/TestConnect# telnet localhost 3306 Trying 127.0.0.1... telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection timed out

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• autocomplete not working on one sever, works on others

  - by dogmatic69

  I have Ubuntu 10.10 x64 and x86 running on various servers and auto complete works on all of them bar one. The issue: apt-<tab> would show a list of options but sudo apt-<tab> would not. After fiddling with it for a few hours i've found that /etc/bash_autocomplete did not exist. on the broken server. Copying the one from a working one it now works. but still not properly. sudo apt-get ins<tab> does not show do anything. listing the files in /etc/bash_autocomplete.d/ on the working server has about 50 files, and the broken one only two or three. i dont think that i can just copy these files though as it might show commands for things that are not even installed. TL;DR autocomplete broken, how can i fix it. Seems like its disabled somewhere, why is this EDIT: Ok, it was not ever installed... $ sudo apt-get install bash-completion Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following NEW packages will be installed bash-completion 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded. Need to get 140kB of archives. After this operation, 1,061kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ maverick-updates/main bash-completion all 1:1.2-2ubuntu1.1 [140kB] Fetched 140kB in 0s (174kB/s) Selecting previously deselected package bash-completion. (Reading database ... 23808 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking bash-completion (from .../bash-completion_1%3a1.2-2ubuntu1.1_all.deb) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Setting up bash-completion (1:1.2-2ubuntu1.1) ... its now kinda working, but still wonky... apt-get ins<tab> gives sudo apt-get insserv as the option. also apt-get install php5<tab> gives apt-get install php5/ not php5-* options.

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• Why Does Wireless Gear Degrade Over Time?

  - by bahamat

  I saw this originally posted on slashdot, but their comment format is not conducive to actually getting a correct answer. Having directly experienced this phenomenon myself, I'm now asking here where I think I can actually get an educated answer. Here's the original question verbatim: Lately I have replaced several home wireless routers because the signal strength has been found to be degraded. These devices, when new (2+ years ago) would cover an entire house. Over the years, the strength seems to decrease to a point where it might only cover one or two rooms. Of the three that I have replaced for friends, I have not found a common brand, age, etc. It just seems that after time, the signal strength decreases. I know that routers are cheap and easy to replace but I'm curious what actually causes this. I would have assumed that the components would either work or not work; we would either have a full signal or have no signal. I am not an electrical engineer and I can't find the answer online so I'm reaching out to you. Can someone explain how a transmitter can slowly go bad? Common (incorrect, but repeated) answers from slashdot include: Back then your neighbors didn't have wifi, now they do. They drowning you out. I don't think this is likely because replacing the access point with a new one and using the same frequencies solves the problem. Older devices had low transmit power. Crank that baby. As mentioned by a FreeBSD wireless developer this violates regulations and can physically damage the equipment. It was also mentioned that higher power in one direction is not necessarily reciprocated. This shows higher bars, but not necessarily a better connection. Manufacturers make cheap crap designed to wear out. This one actually may be legitimate although it is overly broad. What specifically causes damage over time? Heat? Excessive power? So can anyone provide an informed answer on this? Is there any way to fix these older access points?

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• Determining the health of a Cisco switch port?

  - by ewwhite

  I've been chasing a packet-loss and network stability issue for a handful of end-users on an internal network for the past few days... These issues surfaced recently, however, the location was struck by lightning six weeks ago. I was seeing 5-10% packet loss between a stack of four Cisco 2960's and several PC's and phones on the other side of a 77-meter run. The PC's were run inline with the phones over a trunked link. We were seeing dropped calls and interruptions in client-server applications and Microsoft Exchange connectivity. I tried the usual troubleshooting steps remotely, having a local technician do the following during breaks in user and production activity: change cables between the wall jack and device. change patch cables between the patch panel and switch port(s). try different switch ports within the 2960 stack. change end-user devices with known-good equipment (new phones, different PC's). clear switch port interface counters and monitor incrementing errors closely. (Pastebin output of sh int) Pored over the device logs and Observium RRD graphs. No link up/down issues from the switch side. change power strips on the end-user side. test cable runs from the Cisco 2960 using test cable-diagnostics tdr int Gi4/0/9 (clean)* test cable runs with a Tripp-Lite cable tester. (clean) run diagnostics on the switch stack members. (clean) In the end, it took three changes of switch ports to find a stable solution. The only logical conclusion is that a few Cisco 2960 switch ports are bad or flaky... Not dead, but not consistent in behavior either. I'm not used to seeing individual ports die in this manner. What else can I test or check to determine if these devices are bad? Is it common for single ports to have problems, rather than a contiguous bank of ports? BTW - show cable-diagnostics tdr int Gi4/0/14 is very cool... Interface Speed Local pair Pair length Remote pair Pair status --------- ----- ---------- ------------------ ----------- -------------------- Gi4/0/14 1000M Pair A 79 +/- 0 meters Pair B Normal Pair B 75 +/- 0 meters Pair A Normal Pair C 77 +/- 0 meters Pair D Normal Pair D 79 +/- 0 meters Pair C Normal

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• Why is vCenter 5.1u1 exiting hosts from maintenance mode?

  - by Shane Madden

  This vCenter server was just upgraded to 5.1 update 1. I'm going through hosts and bringing firmware up to date, then upgrading them from various versions of 5.0 to 5.1u1. vCenter 5.1u1 seems to have an interesting new behavior: it's removing hosts from maintenance mode when they reconnect after being disconnected -- but very inconsistently, I've seen it maybe 4 or 5 times on ~25-30 host reboots. I've only seen it happen on 5.0 hosts that have not yet been upgraded to 5.1. In the image, I placed the host in maint mode and rebooted it into the HP SPP DVD's automatic update mode. After its usual ~40 minute update process, the host came back online.. and 7 seconds before even logging that the host had reconnected, vCenter had sent the host a task to exit maintenance mode. In my understanding, the only time vCenter should drop a host out of maintenance mode is when vCenter put it into maintenance mode itself (such as a VUM upgrade task). Why would this vCenter be unilaterally exiting a host from user-initiated maintenance mode? Edit, additional info: I ran the firmware upgrades on 5 more hosts, all at the same time. Two of them exited maint mode after reconnecting, three did not. The common factor of those exiting maint mode seems to be how long they were offline; the two that took a few tries to boot to the virtual media are the two that got knocked out of maint mode. esx31 (image above): 45 minutes unresponsive esx19 (exited maint): 87 minutes unresponsive esx24 (stayed in maint): 32 minutes unresponsive esx29 (stayed in maint): 39 minutes unresponsive esx32 (stayed in maint): 30 minutes unresponsive esx34 (exited maint): 70 minutes unresponsive Edit: The disconnect time idea seems to have been a red herring, as it's not happening consistently. Additionally, in the vpxd.log the exit maint mode task initiation seems to always immediately follow this vim.EnvironmentBrowser.queryProvisioningPolicy SOAP call. Here's the lines, slightly trimmed for clarity: 15:27:49.535 [info 'vpxdvpxdVmomi'] [ClientAdapterBase::InvokeOnSoap] Invoke done (esx31, vim.EnvironmentBrowser.queryProvisioningPolicy) 15:27:49.560 [info 'commonvpxLro'] [VpxLRO] -- BEGIN task -- esx31 -- HostSystem.exitMaintenanceMode -- Note that on the nodes that don't get the exit task, the vim.EnvironmentBrowser.queryProvisioningPolicy event still occurs. I'm not seeing any other differences in events before or after this in the reconnect process, aside from the extra events caused by exiting maintenance mode. Given the log's mention of provisioning policies, looking for autodeploy-related maintenance mode issues turns up complaints about similar behavior (though I'm not using autodeploy at all).

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• RAID and Partitions, guidance Needed

  - by beauregarde

  Alright I have a Biostar TA790GX3A2+ Mobo 2x Seagate 750Gb Hard drive (with 2 different speeds) an X4 9750 A GeForce 9800GT and 2GB RAM Hardware Specs link text I want to configure my computer with partitions in various RAID arrays. The Partitions I know i want (disk letters are mostly for reference here) C: XP Boot D: XP Swap E: XP Run F: Games G: Data The Partitions I think I want (repeat caveat) H: small FAT for Win Legacy and DOS I: Linux J: Linux Swap K-?M?: Other Linux /whatever partitions N & O: Attic for D1 and D2 What I'd like to do, is have C: written on Disk 1 (D1),.. D: on D2,.. E: and F: striped on D1 & D2,.. G: mirrored or D1 & D2,.. I: on D2 (so i can just switch disc boot priority to open in Ubuntu),.. J: on D1,.. and H: somewhere low on D1 I am inexperienced with VMs, so i am unsure as to whether those run out of XP, or whether i need to reserve a primary partition for them. However, I think they would be preferable for testing new OS's to scheduling a partition for the same purpose. I'm also not married to XP, but -64 IS pretty important to me. QUestion Time 1) Ignoring the irrationality of it all, is such a configuration possible? If not, can some pseudo-approximation be achieved? 2) My RAID is software, isnt it? 3) How much should I short a 750GB HD? And should i use that space for my attics, or for my attics and something else, or for something else (.iso's perhaps?)? 4) if XP is striped on D1 & D2, will that interfere egregiously with my Swap writes on D2? If so, would striping both XP and Swap relieve (or at least mitigate) that issue? Should XP and Swap just be written normally on 2 different HDs? 5) Should I keep DL's and Drivers on E: (XP Run), F: (Games), or elsewhere? 6) Is 4GB enough for C:? 7) Is 30GB enough (or too much) for E:? 8) How much to reserve for the Linux and sub-Linux partitions? Also, where on the platter do you think i should put them? 9) Am I a fool to use FAT16 instead of FAT32 for H: because I'd rather run 95 than 98SE? If not, do you think 2GB or 4GB? 10) I cant predict what my Max Commit Charge will be, so recommendations for Pagefile size? 5GB? 12GB? 11) VMs, where do I run them? do they exacerbate anything? Would it be better to just emulate Linux, 95, and DOS? EC) What havent I considered that I really should? Notes: computer is mostly for playing games and watching media, though I wouldnt rule out the use of particularly blah-intensive anything.

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• Diagnosing Solaris 8 server memory and swap space usage

  - by datSilencer

  Hello everyone. Essentially, my question is related to memory allocation for Solaris virtual machines. I am running a couple of old Sun ONE 6 Java web servers on two Solaris 8 virtual machines. I see that there's a reasonable amount of swap space being used, but I'm not exactly sure if this could indicate a need to add more RAM to these machines. At service peak hours (mornings usually), the response time of the web application these servers host jumps up to at most 11 seconds (somewhat detrimental for a relatively simple web page loading action). Average response time at non peak times is about 5 seconds. What would you be able to infer about the RAM usage for these machines from the ouput below? Is this information reasonably sufficient? Or would I need to run some other commands to rule out server memory starvation? Finally, since there is a Java application at the core of the setup, I've also thought about: 1) Trace the heap's Object allocation to detect potential memory leaks. 2) Do some performance profiling to see if this instead related to networking delays. I mention this since the application talks with a single Oracle Database, but I would doubt this to be the case since they're pretty close from a network segmentation perspective. I appreciate any kind of insight and feedback you could provide. Thanks for your time and help. Server 1: 40 processes: 38 sleeping, 1 zombie, 1 on cpu CPU states: 99.1% idle, 0.4% user, 0.4% kernel, 0.0% iowait, 0.0% swap Memory: 2048M real, 295M free, 865M swap in use, 3788M swap free PID USERNAME THR PRI NICE SIZE RES STATE TIME CPU COMMAND 12676 webservd 112 29 10 616M 242M sleep 103:37 0.48% webservd 18317 root 1 59 0 23M 19M sleep 67:24 0.08% perl 9479 support 1 59 0 6696K 2448K cpu/1 0:11 0.05% top 8012 root 10 59 0 34M 704K sleep 80:54 0.04% java 1881 root 33 29 10 110M 13M sleep 33:03 0.02% webservd 7808 root 1 59 0 83M 67M sleep 7:59 0.00% perl 1461 root 20 59 0 5328K 1392K sleep 6:49 0.00% syslogd 1691 root 2 59 0 27M 680K sleep 4:22 0.00% webservd 24386 root 1 59 0 15M 11M sleep 2:50 0.00% perl 23259 root 1 59 0 11M 4240K sleep 2:42 0.00% perl 24718 root 1 59 0 11M 5464K sleep 2:29 0.00% perl 22810 root 1 59 0 19M 11M sleep 2:21 0.00% perl 24451 root 1 53 2 11M 3800K sleep 2:18 0.00% perl 18501 root 1 56 1 11M 3960K sleep 2:18 0.00% perl 14450 root 1 56 1 15M 6920K sleep 1:49 0.00% perl Server 2 42 processes: 40 sleeping, 1 zombie, 1 on cpu CPU states: 98.8% idle, 0.4% user, 0.8% kernel, 0.0% iowait, 0.0% swap Memory: 1024M real, 31M free, 554M swap in use, 3696M swap free PID USERNAME THR PRI NICE SIZE RES STATE TIME CPU COMMAND 5607 webservd 74 29 10 284M 173M sleep 20:14 0.21% webservd 15919 support 1 59 0 4056K 2520K cpu/1 0:08 0.09% top 13138 root 10 59 0 34M 1952K sleep 210:51 0.08% java 13753 root 1 59 0 22M 12M sleep 170:15 0.07% perl 22979 root 33 29 10 112M 7864K sleep 85:07 0.04% webservd 22930 root 1 59 0 3424K 1552K sleep 17:47 0.01% xntpd 22978 root 2 59 0 27M 2296K sleep 10:49 0.00% webservd 13571 root 1 59 0 9400K 5112K sleep 5:52 0.00% perl 5606 root 2 29 10 29M 9056K sleep 0:36 0.00% webservd 15910 support 1 59 0 9128K 2616K sleep 0:00 0.00% sshd 13106 root 1 59 0 82M 3520K sleep 7:47 0.00% perl 13547 root 1 59 0 12M 5528K sleep 6:38 0.00% perl 13518 root 1 59 0 9336K 3792K sleep 6:24 0.00% perl 13399 root 1 56 1 8072K 3616K sleep 5:18 0.00% perl 13557 root 1 53 2 8248K 3624K sleep 5:12 0.00% perl

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• Setting Timeouts: SQL Server 2008/IIS 7.5

  - by Julie

  We have recently migrated from a Win 2003/SQL Server 2000 system to Win 2008 64 bit R2, SQL Server 2008 R2. Our websites are in classic asp, and this can't be changed to another scripting language at this time. On the old server, if I got stuck in some kind of endless loop, the page would throw an error. On the new server, I have a page that has some sort of looping problem, that even though the SQL SP is called only once (and runs fine run as a query on the server) it pegs SQL server and therefore locks all of our websites. I'll get my code figured out, no biggie. But I need to make sure the server times out when this happens. (The page I'm working on runs fine with certain instances of the query, and locks with others using a different query variable. I can't have something like that sneak up on me on a page I haven't touched for three years.) I can't figure out how an SP that runs once on the server, from an ASP page, is tying up SQL server this way. It's obviously some sort of a timeout issue, but I can't figure out where/which timeout values to change. I actually have to remote desktop to the server and kill the process in SQL server. I'm afraid I'm a generalist, and server management is not my thing, even though it's my responsibility, so I am almost certain to have questions about any answer that I receive. How can I track this down? What settings do I need to change? More info: It's not SQL Server On our test site, I created an ASP file that just did an endless loop (do while 1=1) and had the same problem - the other websites wouldn't load - without SQL server being involved. So I think the reason the process was hanging is that the page wasn't timing out as it should, and so the connection to SQL was never closed. Killing the process in SQL server would reset the page somehow. For my intentional endless loop, I had to refresh the app pool to get rid of it. This points more to either IIS or the ASP settings. The ASP timeouts are set to whatever the default were when the server was first loaded. I still can't figure out why one file is locking up all websites, though. Again, that didn't happen on the old server.

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• How do I get the latest FastCGI and PHP versions to peacefully coexist on IIS 6?

  - by BHelman

  I have been going round and round trying to get any sort of PHP running on IIS 6. I somehow managed to successfully get version 5.1.4 running using the php5isapi.dll file. However, I want to upgrade a website to begin using a Content Management System. I have never dug into CMS before so I'm open to programs that are easy to use. I am currently looking into TomatoCMS and ImpressCMS - but that's beside the point. I have never done an installation with PHP before and I think I'm getting familiar with how it works. However the current situation is this. Microsoft's Web Platform Installer 2.0 installed FastCGI for me. I need to upgrade to PHP 5.3.1 for a CMS system. So I downloaded the Windows installer and let it go at it. After consulting several other blog articles, I believe I know how it is supposed to work but I am currently not having luck. THE SETUP *.php is a registered extension in IIS 6 for all websites (on Win 2k3). The application that it calls is C:\Windows\system32\inetsvr\fcgiext.dll, like it should. The fcgiext.ini config has the proper lines: [Types] php=PHP [PHP] ext=C:\program files\PHP\php-cgi.exe And the php.ini file also has the correct configs. All extensions are disabled and I changed the correct things for FastCGI. And everything is registered correctly with the PATH variable. Everything is exactly how it should be. BUT when I launch the "info.php" page () on another computer, I get the following error: FastCGI Error The FastCGI Handler was unable to process the request. Error Details: * Section [PHP] not found in config file. * Error Number: 1413 (0x80070585). * Error Description: Invalid index. HTTP Error 500 - Server Error. Internet Information Services (IIS) A quick Google search reveals that I have it all setup correctly as far as the INI's go and the mapping of the php extension. I am completely at a loss. Does anyone have any suggestions? Although the server is hosting three small websites, I don't really care what I have to do to it to get it to work.

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• Windows Vista: Networking can only connect "local only"

  - by Damien

  I am attempting to debug a problem on a Windows Vista laptop - not mine! Until just recently (last week or so), it was operating normally for about 4 years :) The problem is that I am having issues connecting to the local network (a basic wireless home router; more later) and the internet (via ADSL). This is both for wired [Broadcom chipset] and wireless [Intel chipset]. I will elaborate further later. To detail the network. I have three other clients (HTC phone, Ubuntu 12.04 desktop [wired] and Ubuntu 10.04 laptop [wireless]), all of whom are able to connect to the network and internet normally. A windows 7 virtual machine running on said desktop connects normally. I have tried two different wireless routers - Netgear DG834G and Netgear DGN3500. The same error mode is common to both. Updating the firmware to the latest on both routers does not help. Overall, it seems safe to say it's localised to the laptop in question. I do not have another Vista client to test with. The specific symptoms are as follows: When "connected", it says "Local Only", and says it cannot connect to the internet. This is true for both wired and wireless. It can get an IP address (192.168.0.5), and the router (192.168.0.1) reports that it can see the device. When I try to ping, I get the following results: ping 192.168.0.1 - (router) all packets lost ping 192.168.0.5 - (laptop's address) OK ping 192.168.0.4 - (desktop) all packets lost Pinging from the desktop to the problematic laptop results in "From 192.168.0.4 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable" The most promising "fix" from trawling forums is KB928233 which does not work for me. The problem is persistent across reports (both full shutdown and hibernate) so it appears not to be sleep related. I am not a regular vista user, though I can fumble my way about a bit. Is there any other suggestions as to what I should do? Is there any further information I can provide?

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• OpenVPN, Great on Windows, VERY slow on Mac...

  - by Phsion

  Hello, I'm not really an IT Pro, but this seemed like the best place to ask this question... I have setup VPN networks in the past, for fun, and everything was great, but now I've set one up for my boss, and while my computers all work great, his Mac machines are almost too slow to work with. Its pretty much vanilla configs all around, anyone have any ideas? Its a TUN routing setup over UDP. Back Story: My boss travels a lot, and wants to be able to access all his files from the road, and is also pretty paranoid about security (even though knows almost nothing about computers). SO i figured a VPN would be the answer. I went with OpenVPN, but there are some other issues. The only ISP we can get in our area besides Dial-UP is a crappy Satellite provider, that doesn't offer public IPs unless your willing to pay, so while the computers and VPN setup are pretty vanilla, the routing and structure is strange to get around this limitation. Specs: Its OpenVPN2, and there are six machines using it (only three actually use it, the rest are my test machines), one Windows 7 laptop, two XP Desktops, one OS X 10.5 Desktop, one 10.6 Desktop, and one 10.6 Laptop. One XP Desktop sits at my house and acts as the server (6Mbs/2Mbs FIOS connection). One XP desktop sits at the office and hosts a webpage that will wake up the Main Mac Desktop from sleep, and also ping all the machines on the VPN and show their status. The main office mac (10.6) stays in sleep mode until it gets the Wake-On-Lan packet from the Office XP, and then it auto connects to the VPN and opens itself up. The reason for all this is the Satellite private IP crap means i cant directly access the office machines outside of the LAN, so everyone connects to my house first, then they talk to each other from there. The Wake On Lan weirdness is because my boss doesn't want to leave the main Mac on all the time, and making a quick and dirty webpage was the easiest way to send a Magic Packet from inside the LAN without confusing my boss. The VPN uses Client Config files to make static IPs for the client. The only thing i found in google was some changes to the VPN MTU settings (down to 1400) but no real help. Oh, and i forgot...all the windows machines just have OpenVPN start as a service. The Mac laptop uses tunnelblick (an OpenVPN GUI) and the Mac Desktops use OpenVPN in normal command line mode. Server Config: tun-mtu 1500 fragment 1450 mssfix 1450 management localhost #### port #### proto udp dev tun ca ####### cert ####### key ###### dh ###### server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt client-config-dir ccd route 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.252 client-to-client keepalive 10 120 comp-lzo persist-key persist-tun status openvpn-status log Client Configs (all are simple variations on this) tun-mtu 1500 fragment 1450 mssfix 1450 client dev tun proto udp remote ######## #### resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key presist-tun ca ##### cert ##### key ##### ns-cert-type server comp-lzo verb 3

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• JavaMail application won't send email to external SMTP server

  - by Luiz Cruz

  This is actually a question from an exam, but I believe it could help others troubleshooting a similar situation. In a system, an e-mail needs to be sent to a certain mailbox. The following Java code, which is part of a larger system, was developed for that. Assume that "example.com" corresponds to a valid registered internet domain. public void sendEmail(){ String s1=”Warning”; String b1=”Contact IT support.”; String r1=”[email protected]”; String d1=”[email protected]”; String h1=”mx.intranet”; Properties p1 = new Properties(); p1.put(“mail.host”, h1); Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(p1, null); MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session); try { message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(r1)); message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(d1)); message.setSubject(s1); message.setText(b1); Transport.send(message); } catch (MessagingException e){ System.err.println(e); } } The execution of this code, within the testing environment of an application server, does NOT work as expected. The mailbox of the "example.com" server never receives the email, even tough all string values in the code are correctly attributed. The output for the command "netstat -np TCP" in the application server during execution is shown bellow: Src Add Src Port Dest Add Dest Port State 192.168.5.5 54395 192.168.7.1 25 SYN_SENT 192.168.5.5 54390 192.168.7.1 110 TIME_WAIT 192.168.5.5 52001 200.218.208.118 80 CLOSE_WAIT 192.168.5.5 52050 200.218.208.118 80 ESTABLISHED 192.168.5.5 50001 200.255.94.202 25 TIME_WAIT 192.168.5.5 50000 200.255.94.202 25 ESTABLISHED With the exception of the lines that were NAT'd, all others are associated with the Java application server, which created them after the execution of the code above. The e-mail server used in this environment is the production server, which is online and does not require any authentication for internal connections. Based on this situation, point out three possible causes for the problem.

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• Certain SFTP user cannot connect

  - by trobrock

  I have my Ubuntu Server set up so users with the group of sftponly can connect with sftp, but have a shell of /bin/false, and they connect to their home directories. This is working fine with three of the user accounts I have. But I added a new user account today the same way that I added the others and it will not successfully connect. sftp -vvv user@hostname debug1: Next authentication method: password user@hostname's password: debug3: packet_send2: adding 48 (len 73 padlen 7 extra_pad 64) debug2: we sent a password packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentication succeeded (password). debug2: fd 5 setting O_NONBLOCK debug3: fd 6 is O_NONBLOCK debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug3: ssh_session2_open: channel_new: 0 debug2: channel 0: send open debug1: Requesting [email protected] debug1: Entering interactive session. debug1: channel 0: free: client-session, nchannels 1 debug3: channel 0: status: The following connections are open: #0 client-session (t3 r-1 i0/0 o0/0 fd 5/6 cfd -1) debug3: channel 0: close_fds r 5 w 6 e 7 c -1 debug1: fd 0 clearing O_NONBLOCK debug3: fd 1 is not O_NONBLOCK Connection to hostname closed by remote host. Transferred: sent 2176, received 1848 bytes, in 0.0 seconds Bytes per second: sent 127453.3, received 108241.6 debug1: Exit status -1 Connection closed For a successful user: sftp -vvv good_user@hostname debug1: Next authentication method: password good_user@hostname's password: debug3: packet_send2: adding 48 (len 63 padlen 17 extra_pad 64) debug2: we sent a password packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentication succeeded (password). debug2: fd 5 setting O_NONBLOCK debug3: fd 6 is O_NONBLOCK debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug3: ssh_session2_open: channel_new: 0 debug2: channel 0: send open debug1: Requesting [email protected] debug1: Entering interactive session. debug2: callback start debug2: client_session2_setup: id 0 debug1: Sending subsystem: sftp debug2: channel 0: request subsystem confirm 1 debug2: fd 3 setting TCP_NODELAY debug2: callback done debug2: channel 0: open confirm rwindow 0 rmax 32768 debug2: channel 0: rcvd adjust 2097152 debug2: channel_input_status_confirm: type 99 id 0 debug2: subsystem request accepted on channel 0 debug2: Remote version: 3 debug2: Server supports extension "[email protected]" revision 1 debug2: Server supports extension "[email protected]" revision 2 debug2: Server supports extension "[email protected]" revision 2 debug3: Sent message fd 3 T:16 I:1 debug3: SSH_FXP_REALPATH . -> / sftp> I cannot figure out why one user will work and the other wont, I have restart the ssh service after adding the user. I have even removed the user and added them again to be sure I am adding it correctly.

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• Why is site serving different SSL certs to different browsers?

  - by TRiG

  The SSL certificate on menswearireland.com and on www.menswearireland.com works fine on Safari, Chrome, SeaMonkey, K-Meleon, QtWeb, Firefox, and Opera. However, Internet Explorer claims that there is an error: The security certificate presented by this website was not issued by a trusted certificate authority. The security certificate presented by this website was issued for a different website's address. Security certificate problems may indicate an attempt to fool you or intercept any data you send to the server. Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/5.0) Another site hosted on the same managed server shows no errors: achill-fieldschool.com and www.achill-fieldschool.com work fine on IE, even though as far as I can tell the certificate is set up identically. What am I doing wrong? This is a LAMPP server running Plesk. It looks like the server is showing different certificates to different clients. To some clients it shows a RapidSSL certificate made out to www.menswearireland.com with menswearireland.com as a valid alternative name. To other clients, it shows a Parallels Panel certificate, made out to Parallels Panel. Here are results from a few different online SSL checkers: most say it's fine, while two show errors. Three online checkers say it's valid Comodo SSL Check shows it as valid DigiCert SSL Check shows it as valid SSL Shopper SSL Check shows it as valid Common name: www.menswearireland.com SANs: www.menswearireland.com, menswearireland.com Valid from October 2, 2012 to November 4, 2013 Serial Number: 559425 (0x88941) Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption Issuer: RapidSSL CA Another online checker seems to see a completely different certificate GeoCerts SSL Check shows it as invalid Common name: Parallels Panel Organization: Parallels Valid from August 15, 2012 to August 15, 2013 Issuer: Parallels Panel Another online checker sees more than one certificate Symantic SSL Check shows it as invalid The certificate installation checker connected to the Web server and read its certificates, but could not determine which is the primary certificate for the Web server. Incidentally, on both menswearireland.com and achill-fieldschool.com the homepage will redirect from HTTPS to HTTP. To see SSL details, visit the page /account on both (that page will redirect from HTTP to HTTPS). I’ve found more information in a more detailed online SSL checker. https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=menswearireland.com This site works only in browsers with SNI support My understanding is that SNI (RFC 6066) is a method for putting many SSL sites on one shared IP address and port. This does not work on Internet Explorer on older versions of Windows (this has to do with the version of Windows, not the version of Internet Explorer). However, all our SSL sites are on a unique IP address, so we shouldn’t need SNI.

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• external hard drive is no longer recognized, gives buffer I/O errors

  - by BioGeek

  Hi all, The external hard drive which contains all my photos and where I backed-up all my important documents is no longer recognized. It is a three month old 500GB Iomage Prestige Desktop Hard Drive. When I plug it in, it is recognised as a USB device, because it shows up when I type lsusb, but dmesg gives this error message. [19712.013250] usb 2-2: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 21 [19712.145347] usb 2-2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice [19712.147214] scsi25 : SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices [19712.147514] usb-storage: device found at 21 [19712.147519] usb-storage: waiting for device to settle before scanning [19717.148978] usb-storage: device scan complete [19717.149527] scsi 25:0:0:0: Direct-Access ST350082 0AS PQ: 0 ANSI: 2 CCS [19717.151020] sd 25:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0 [19717.151685] sd 25:0:0:0: [sdb] 976773168 512-byte logical blocks: (500 GB/465 GiB) [19717.160402] sd 25:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off [19717.160412] sd 25:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 34 00 00 00 [19717.160418] sd 25:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [19717.165685] sd 25:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [19717.165691] sdb: sdb1 [19719.171808] sd 25:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [19719.171818] sd 25:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk [19737.430998] sd 25:0:0:0: [sdb] Unhandled sense code [19737.431007] sd 25:0:0:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE [19737.431016] sd 25:0:0:0: [sdb] Sense Key : Medium Error [current] [19737.431027] sd 25:0:0:0: [sdb] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error [19737.431038] end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 6160463 [19737.431050] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 6160400 [19737.431060] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 6160401 [19737.431067] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 6160402 [19737.431075] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 6160403 [19737.431082] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 6160404 [19737.431088] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 6160405 [19737.431096] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 6160406 [19737.431102] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 6160407 [19737.431114] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 6160408 [19737.431121] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 6160409 [19737.712183] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Unhandled sense code [19737.712191] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_ERROR driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE [19737.712200] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Sense Key : Hardware Error [current] [19737.712210] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Add. Sense: No additional sense information [19737.712222] end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 0 [19737.712232] Buffer I/O error on device sdb, logical block 0 Neither does the external drive show when I use fdisk: jeroen@phalacrocorax:~$ sudo fdisk -l [sudo] password for jeroen: Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000341ad Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 18714 150320173+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 18715 19457 5968147+ 5 Extended /dev/sda5 18715 19457 5968116 82 Linux swap / Solaris` I popped the disk out of the casing put it on a SATA connect internally and then tried the file recovery programs testdisk/photorec and SpinRite, but both failed because they couldn't recognize the external harddisk. Do I have any other options?

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• Downloading Python 2.5.4 (from official website) in order to install it

  - by brilliant

  I was quite hesitant about whether I should post this question here on "StackOverflow" or on "SuperUser", but finally decided to post it here as Python is more a programming language rather than a piece of software. I've been recently using Python 2.5.4 that is installed on my computer, but at the moment I am not at home (and won't be for about two weeks from now), so I need to install the same version of Python on another computer. This computer has Windows XP installed – just like the one that I have at home. The reason why I need Python 2.5.4 is because I am using “Google App Engine”, and I was told that it only supports Python 2.5 However, when I went to the official Python page for the download, I discovered that certain things have changed, and I don’t quite remember where exactly from that site I had downloaded Python 2.5.4 on my computer at home. I found this page: http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.5.4/ Here is how it looks: (If you can’t see it here, please check it out at this address: http://brad.cwahi.net/some_pictures/python_page.jpg ) A few things here are not clear to me. It says: For x86 processors: python-2.5.4.msi For Win64-Itanium users: python-2.5.4.ia64.msi For Win64-AMD64 users: python-2.5.4.amd64.msi First of all, I don’t know what processor I am using – whether mine is “x86” or not; and also, I don’t know whether I am an “Win64-Itanium” or an “Win64-AMD64” user. Are Itanium and AMD64 also processors? Later it says: Windows XP and later already have MSI; many older machines will already have MSI installed. I guess, it is my case, but then I am totally puzzled as to which link I should click as it seems now that I don’t need those three previous links (as MSI is already installed on Windows XP), but there is no fourth link provided for those who use “Windows XP” or older machines. Of course, there are these words after that: Windows users may also be interested in Mark Hammond's win32all package, available from Sourceforge. but it seems to me that it is something additional rather than the main file. So, my question is simple: Where in the official Python website I can download Python 2.5.4, precisely, which link I should click?

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• Consistent PHP _SERVER variables between Apache and nginx?

  - by Alix Axel

  I'm not sure if this should be asked here or on ServerFault, but here it goes... I am trying to get started on nginx with PHP-FPM, but I noticed that the server block setup I currently have (gathered from several guides including the nginx Pitfalls wiki page) produces $_SERVER variables that are different from what I'm used to seeing in Apache setups. After spending the last evening trying to "fix" this, I decided to install Apache on my local computer and gather the variables that I'm interested in under different conditions so that I could try and mimic them on nginx. The Apache setup I've on my computer has only one mod_rewrite rule: RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /index.php/$1 [L] And these are the values I get for different request URIs (left is Apache, right is nginx): localhost/ - http://www.mergely.com/GnzBHRV1/ localhost/foo/bar/baz/?foo=bar - http://www.mergely.com/VwsT8oTf/ localhost/index.php/foo/bar/baz/?foo=bar - http://www.mergely.com/VGEFehfT/ What configuration directives would allow me to get similar values on requests handled by nginx? My current configuration in nginx is: server { listen 80; listen 443 ssl; server_name default; ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/certificates/dummy.crt; ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/certificates/dummy.key; root /var/www/default/html; index index.php index.html; autoindex on; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php; } location ~ /(?:favicon[.]ico|robots[.]txt)$ { log_not_found off; } location ~* [.]php { #try_files $uri =404; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+[.]php)(/.+)$; } location ~* [.]ht { deny all; } } And my fastcgi_params file looks like this: fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info; fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED $document_root$fastcgi_path_info; fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; fastcgi_param HTTPS $https; I know that the try_files $uri =404; directive is commented and that it is a security vulnerability but, if I uncomment it, the third request (localhost/index.php/foo/bar/baz/?foo=bar) will return a 404. It's also worth noting that my PHP cgi.fix_pathinfo in On (contrary to what some of the guides recommend), if I try to set it to Off, I'm presented with a "Access denied." message on every PHP request. I'm running PHP 5.4.8 and nginx/1.1.19. I don't know what else to try... Help?

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• IKE Phase 1 Aggressive Mode exchange does not complete

  - by Isaac Sutherland

  I've configured a 3G IP Gateway of mine to connect using IKE Phase 1 Aggressive Mode with PSK to my openswan installation running on Ubuntu server 12.04. I've configured openswan as follows: /etc/ipsec.conf: version 2.0 config setup nat_traversal=yes virtual_private=%v4:10.0.0.0/8,%v4:192.168.0.0/16,%v4:172.16.0.0/12 oe=off protostack=netkey conn net-to-net authby=secret left=192.168.0.11 [email protected] leftsubnet=10.1.0.0/16 leftsourceip=10.1.0.1 right=%any [email protected] rightsubnet=192.168.127.0/24 rightsourceip=192.168.127.254 aggrmode=yes ike=aes128-md5;modp1536 auto=add /etc/ipsec.secrets: @left.paxcoda.com @right.paxcoda.com: PSK "testpassword" Note that both left and right are NAT'd, with dynamic public IP's. My left ISP gives my router a public IP, but my right ISP gives me a shared dynamic public IP and dynamic private IP. I have dynamic dns for the public ip on the left side. Here is what I see when I sniff the ISAKMP protocol: 21:17:31.228715 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 235, id 43639, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 437) 74.198.87.93.49604 > 192.168.0.11.isakmp: [udp sum ok] isakmp 1.0 msgid 00000000 cookie da31a7896e2a1958->0000000000000000: phase 1 I agg: (sa: doi=ipsec situation=identity (p: #1 protoid=isakmp transform=1 (t: #1 id=ike (type=enc value=aes)(type=keylen value=0080)(type=hash value=md5)(type=auth value=preshared)(type=group desc value=modp1536)(type=lifetype value=sec)(type=lifeduration len=4 value=00015180)))) (ke: key len=192) (nonce: n len=16 data=(da31a7896e2a19582b33...0000001462b01880674b3739630ca7558cec8a89)) (id: idtype=FQDN protoid=0 port=0 len=17 right.paxcoda.com) (vid: len=16) (vid: len=16) (vid: len=16) (vid: len=16) 21:17:31.236720 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto UDP (17), length 456) 192.168.0.11.isakmp > 74.198.87.93.49604: [bad udp cksum 0x649c -> 0xcd2f!] isakmp 1.0 msgid 00000000 cookie da31a7896e2a1958->5b9776d4ea8b61b7: phase 1 R agg: (sa: doi=ipsec situation=identity (p: #1 protoid=isakmp transform=1 (t: #1 id=ike (type=enc value=aes)(type=keylen value=0080)(type=hash value=md5)(type=auth value=preshared)(type=group desc value=modp1536)(type=lifetype value=sec)(type=lifeduration len=4 value=00015180)))) (ke: key len=192) (nonce: n len=16 data=(32ccefcb793afb368975...000000144a131c81070358455c5728f20e95452f)) (id: idtype=FQDN protoid=0 port=0 len=16 left.paxcoda.com) (hash: len=16) (vid: len=16) (pay20) (pay20) (vid: len=16) However, my 3G Gateway (on the right) doesn't respond, and I don't know why. I think left's response is indeed getting through to my gateway, because in another question, I was trying to set up a similar scenario with Main Mode IKE, and in that case it looks as though at least one of the three 2-way main mode exchanges succeeded. What other explanation for the failure is there? (The 3G Gateway I'm using on the right is a Moxa G3150, by the way.)

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• Upgrading TFS 2005 to TFS 2010 fails at "Executing servicing step Upgrade Version Control Identities"

  - by nadeemmar

  Hi all, I have been trying to upgrade our TFS 2005 to TFS 2010 but with no luck so far. I went through the TFS Installation guide and many upgrade guides but with no luck in overcoming the issue I am facing which seems to be unique and different to other described issues. In our company, we have a domain forest with several domains. Lets say domain A, B, and C. TFS is in domain A and has users from all these three domains. All domains have trust reltionships between them. However, domain C was deleted several months ago. In the upgrade process, whenever I reach the collection upgrade step, the following error is raised: [Info @09:57:50.997] [2010-12-29 09:55:47Z][Informational] Step Data: ExtensionType = Microsoft.TeamFoundation.VersionControl.Server.PlugIns.WorkspaceSecurityNamespaceExtension [Info @09:57:50.997] [2010-12-29 09:55:47Z] Servicing step Create VersionControl Security Namespaces passed. (ServicingOperation: UpgradePreTfs2010Databases; Step group: Upgrade.TfsVersionControl) [Info @09:57:50.997] [2010-12-29 09:55:47Z] Executing servicing step Upgrade Version Control Identities. (ServicingOperation: UpgradePreTfs2010Databases; Step group: Upgrade.TfsVersionControl) [Info @09:57:50.997] [2010-12-29 09:55:47Z][Informational] Step Performer: VersionControl [Info @09:57:50.997] [2010-12-29 09:55:47Z][Informational] Step Type: UpgradeIdentity [Info @09:57:50.997] [2010-12-29 09:55:47Z][Informational] Step Data Text: [Error @09:57:50.997] [2010-12-29 09:55:51Z][Error] Sync error for identity: System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity, S-1-5-21-1004336348-527237240-682003330-2818 - The trust relationship between the primary domain and the trusted domain failed I looked for the SID and it seems to be for a user in the deleted domain C. With a bit of googling, I figured out that TFSConfig Identities command can be used to remap users from one domain to the other. I went ahead and created local users that matches the users we have from domain C and ran the TFSConfig Identities /Change command and it executed successfully. However, I still get the same error. I am stuck and can't figure out how to move forward :( I need your expertise, has anyone faced this issue before? Do I need to change these identities on TFS 2005 before I commence the upgrade? I forgot to mention, I am following the upgrade with a move approach. I created a virtual machine for testing the upgrade. Installed SQL server 2008, restored the TFS databases and installed TFS 2010 and ran the upgrade wizard. Regards, Nadeem

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• Performance Tuning a High-Load Apache Server

  - by futureal

  I am looking to understand some server performance problems I am seeing with a (for us) heavily loaded web server. The environment is as follows: Debian Lenny (all stable packages + patched to security updates) Apache 2.2.9 PHP 5.2.6 Amazon EC2 large instance The behavior we're seeing is that the web typically feels responsive, but with a slight delay to begin handling a request -- sometimes a fraction of a second, sometimes 2-3 seconds in our peak usage times. The actual load on the server is being reported as very high -- often 10.xx or 20.xx as reported by top. Further, running other things on the server during these times (even vi) is very slow, so the load is definitely up there. Oddly enough Apache remains very responsive, other than that initial delay. We have Apache configured as follows, using prefork: StartServers 5 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 10 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 And KeepAlive as: KeepAlive On MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 KeepAliveTimeout 5 Looking at the server-status page, even at these times of heavy load we are rarely hitting the client cap, usually serving between 80-100 requests and many of those in the keepalive state. That tells me to rule out the initial request slowness as "waiting for a handler" but I may be wrong. Amazon's CloudWatch monitoring tells me that even when our OS is reporting a load of 15, our instance CPU utilization is between 75-80%. Example output from top: top - 15:47:06 up 31 days, 1:38, 8 users, load average: 11.46, 7.10, 6.56 Tasks: 221 total, 28 running, 193 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 66.9%us, 22.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 2.6%id, 3.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.7%si, 4.5%st Mem: 7871900k total, 7850624k used, 21276k free, 68728k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 3750664k cached The majority of the processes look like: 24720 www-data 15 0 202m 26m 4412 S 9 0.3 0:02.97 apache2 24530 www-data 15 0 212m 35m 4544 S 7 0.5 0:03.05 apache2 24846 www-data 15 0 209m 33m 4420 S 7 0.4 0:01.03 apache2 24083 www-data 15 0 211m 35m 4484 S 7 0.5 0:07.14 apache2 24615 www-data 15 0 212m 35m 4404 S 7 0.5 0:02.89 apache2 Example output from vmstat at the same time as the above: procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 8 0 0 215084 68908 3774864 0 0 154 228 5 7 32 12 42 9 6 21 0 198948 68936 3775740 0 0 676 2363 4022 1047 56 16 9 15 23 0 0 169460 68936 3776356 0 0 432 1372 3762 835 76 21 0 0 23 1 0 140412 68936 3776648 0 0 280 0 3157 827 70 25 0 0 20 1 0 115892 68936 3776792 0 0 188 8 2802 532 68 24 0 0 6 1 0 133368 68936 3777780 0 0 752 71 3501 878 67 29 0 1 0 1 0 146656 68944 3778064 0 0 308 2052 3312 850 38 17 19 24 2 0 0 202104 68952 3778140 0 0 28 90 2617 700 44 13 33 5 9 0 0 188960 68956 3778200 0 0 8 0 2226 475 59 17 6 2 3 0 0 166364 68956 3778252 0 0 0 21 2288 386 65 19 1 0 And finally, output from Apache's server-status: Server uptime: 31 days 2 hours 18 minutes 31 seconds Total accesses: 60102946 - Total Traffic: 974.5 GB CPU Usage: u209.62 s75.19 cu0 cs0 - .0106% CPU load 22.4 requests/sec - 380.3 kB/second - 17.0 kB/request 107 requests currently being processed, 6 idle workers C.KKKW..KWWKKWKW.KKKCKK..KKK.KKKK.KK._WK.K.K.KKKKK.K.R.KK..C.C.K K.C.K..WK_K..KKW_CK.WK..W.KKKWKCKCKW.W_KKKKK.KKWKKKW._KKK.CKK... KK_KWKKKWKCKCWKK.KKKCK.......................................... ................................................................ From my limited experience I draw the following conclusions/questions: We may be allowing far too many KeepAlive requests I do see some time spent waiting for IO in the vmstat although not consistently and not a lot (I think?) so I am not sure this is a big concern or not, I am less experienced with vmstat Also in vmstat, I see in some iterations a number of processes waiting to be served, which is what I am attributing the initial page load delay on our web server to, possibly erroneously We serve a mixture of static content (75% or higher) and script content, and the script content is often fairly processor intensive, so finding the right balance between the two is important; long term we want to move statics elsewhere to optimize both servers but our software is not ready for that today I am happy to provide additional information if anybody has any ideas, the other note is that this is a high-availability production installation so I am wary of making tweak after tweak, and is why I haven't played with things like the KeepAlive value myself yet.

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• HOSTS ignored when disconnected [closed]

  - by Synetech

  Problem I’m seeing a strange and extremely frustrating problem. Any system that is not connect to the Internet (Windows 7 shows the no Internet access icon because it cannot constantly ping Microsoft’s servers) cannot even access locally hosted servers. Hypothesis The problem appears to be that the HOSTS file is not being used to resolve DNS entries when there are no active NICs. Tests / Reproduction You can reproduce it as so: Disconnect a system from the Internet (make sure all wired and wireless connections are disconnected). If necessary, add an entry to the HOSTS file (e.g., 127.0.0.1 foobar or 127.0.0.1 foobar.com) Open a command-prompt Type ping foobar or ping foobar.com Observations The screenshots below show a clear and demonstrative example. In the first snap, a laptop is connected to a router wirelessly. The HOSTS file has only three entries and they resolve just fine. In the second snap, the wireless radio is turned off, so the entries in the HOSTS file are ignored. Moreover, notice that pinging localhost still works even without any active NICs (as does 127.0.0.1), but it is using the IPv6 address (must be hard-coded). You can see the same results in Windows XP with no IPv6 installed, so it has nothing to do with IPv6. I tried pining what should have resolved to 127.0.0.1 while the desktop system (with no wireless NICs) was connected via its Ethernet adapter, then again after pulling the cable from the router and waiting a couple of seconds, then again after plugging the cable back in. The same thing happens if instead of pulling out the cable, the NIC is disabled through software (the [Disable] button in the NIC’s Status dialog or via Device Manager). Conclusions It looks as though the HOSTS file is only being read and used if there is an active NIC, otherwise it is being ignored. This makes some sense in that if there are no active network adapters, then presumably there will not be any network activity, and thus no need to resolve host names via the HOSTS file. This assumption is specious however because it precludes locally hosted virtual servers. The HOSTS file should be used regardless of external DNS server connectivity, otherwise you cannot use simple/consistent/testing-production names for locally hosted servers when not connected to the Internet (for example web servers; help servers for Visual Studio, 3dsmax, etc.; and so on). Question Does anyone know how to force Windows to use the HOSTS file even if there are no active NICs? Appendix Figure 1: While the wireless NIC is connected to the router (the cable-modem is in standby, so no external Internet connectivity). Figure 2: With the wireless radio turned off (the Ethernet port is not unconnected in both cases). Figure 3: Same results in XP with no IPv6

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• Tying down a cloud by virtualizing everything and then locking VMs to real hardware as necessary

  - by tudor

  I'm looking for a cloud software solution that: Can run on both server and desktop machines; Virtualizes hardware and has the option of exposing each real machine to the cloud; Allows a VM to be "locked" to a set of real hardware capabilities and stay there until moved (e.g. a user's "real" desktop); Allows a VM to link to some types of devices elsewhere (e.g. USB/serial via ethernet); and Is geography-aware to control movement of VMs between real networks. I'm aware that this may be the holy grail of virtualization, and I've searched alot. Some solutions appear to meet some criteria but not others. Most cloud implementations appear to ignore real hardware, for example. I realise that this may be solved by using three different implementations in combination: A standard cloud server farm. A bare-metal network backup utility with PXEBoot. VNC and/or VDI. (VNC obviously would require the real hardware to be running.) This combination, however, has some serious drawbacks that I'd like to solve by treating it as one system. My explanation follows... I have a network of real servers and desktops in multiple locations. I've virtualized servers before using Virtualbox and that's worked quite well. I've even connected USB devices to VMs on servers. I would like to virtualize the desktops in all my offices to facilitate movement of desktops, remote access (e.g. VDI) and bare-metal backups. However, I know that there are problems with this. For example, some desktops have specific hardware (e.g. 3D graphics cards, USB devices, etc) that limit their mobility. Geographic constraints also limit movement in that VMs can be moved easily within offices, but transferring between offices is not always preferable. What I would like to find is a system that can virtualize everything from bare-metal easily by maintaining an abstraction layer on each client and server machine that exposes the hardware available and runs as a cloud. Then certain VMs would be "locked" to specific hardware (so that, e.g. the VM runs only on their own desktop.) This would be required for situations where speed is important (e.g. 3D graphics pass-through). In addition, abstracted low-speed devices (e.g. USB) could be piped from real hardware to a VM in the cloud. This is important since if a VM is taken down, another VM can connect to the real hardware for minimum downtime.

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