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  • Is it inefficient to access a python class member container in a loop statement?

    - by Dave
    Hi there. I'm trying to adopt some best practices to keep my python code efficient. I've heard that accessing a member variable inside of a loop can incur a dictionary lookup for every iteration of the loop, so I cache these in local variables to use inside the loop. My question is about the loop statement itself... if I have the following class: class A(object): def init(self) self.myList = [ 'a','b','c', 'd', 'e' ] Does the following code in a member function incur one, or one-per-loop-iteration (5) dictionary lookups? for letter in self.myList: print letter IE, should I adopt the following pattern, if I am concerned about efficiency... localList = self.myList for letter in localList: print letter or is that actually LESS efficient due to the local variable assign? Note, I am aware that early optimization is a dangerous pitfall if I'm concerned about the overall efficiency of code development. Here I am specifically asking about the efficiency of the code, not the coding. Thanks in advance! D

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  • Fighing system in Php & MYSQL

    - by Gully
    I am working on a game like Mafia Wars and i am trying to get the fighting system working but i keep getting lose trying to work out who is going to win the fight and it still needs to know if the stats are close then there is a random chace of them winning. $strength = $my_strength; $otherplayerinfo = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM accounts WHERE id='$player_id'"); $playerinfo = mysql_fetch_array($otherplayerinfo); $players_strength = $playerinfo['stre']; $players_speed = $playerinfo['speed']; $players_def = $playerinfo['def']; if($players_strength > $strength){ $strength_point_player = 1; $strength_point_your = 0; }else{ $strength_point_your = 1; $strength_point_player = 0; } I was trying a point system but i still could not do it.

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  • Python unittest with expensive setup

    - by Staale
    My test file is basically: class Test(unittest.TestCase): def testOk(): pass if __name__ == "__main__": expensiveSetup() try: unittest.main() finally: cleanUp() However, I do wish to run my test through Netbeans testing tools, and to do that I need unittests that don't rely on an environment setup done in main. Looking at http://stackoverflow.com/questions/402483/caching-result-of-setup-using-python-unittest - it recommends using Nose. However, I don't think Netbeans supports this. I didn't find any information indicating that it does. Additionally, I am the only one here actually writing tests, so I don't want to introduce additional dependencies for the other 2 developers unless they are needed. How can I do the setup and cleanup once for all the tests in my TestSuite? The expensive setup here is creating some files with dummy data, as well as setting up and tearing down a simple xml-rpc server. I also have 2 test classes, one testing locally and one testing all methods over xml-rpc.

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  • Error 500 on template.render() with jinja2

    - by Asperitas
    I am working on playing with some Python to create a webapp. At first I put the HTML in a string, using %s to fill certain elements. That all worked perfectly. Now I want to put the HTML in a template, so I followed this tutorial. My code looks like this (I deleted irrelevant code for this error): import codecs import cgi import os import jinja2 jinja_environment = jinja2.Environment(loader=jinja2.FileSystemLoader(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__)))) class Rot13Handler(webapp2.RequestHandler): def get(self): template = jinja_environment.get_template('rot13.html') self.response.out.write(template.render({'text': ''})) When I replace just template.render({'text': ''}) a random string, the program works fine. I did add the latest jinja2 library to my app.yaml, and naturally my rot13.html does exist with the {{ text }} added. So could anyone please help me in the right direction? I don't know why it's going wrong.

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  • maximum of given function

    - by davit-datuashvili
    first of all i am doing programs in java language this code is merely taken from web site i have not question about divide and conqurer but about function and it's argument here is code of ternary search def ternarySearch(f, left, right, absolutePrecision): #left and right are the current bounds; the maximum is between them if (right - left) < absolutePrecision: return (left + right)/2 leftThird = (2*left + right)/3 rightThird = (left + 2*right)/3 if f(leftThird) < f(rightThird): return ternarySearch(f, leftThird, right, absolutePrecision) return ternarySearch(f, left, rightThird, absolutePrecision) i am not asking once again how implement it in java i am asking for example how define function?for example let y=x^+3 yes we can determine it as public static int y(int x){ return x*x+3; } but here return ternarySearch(f, leftThird, right, absolutePrecision) function f does not have argument and how do such?please help me

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  • Django startup importing causes reverse to happen

    - by nicknack
    This might be an isolated problem, but figured I'd ask in case someone has thoughts on a graceful approach to address it. Here's the setup: -------- views.py -------- from django.http import HttpResponse import shortcuts def mood_dispatcher(request): mood = magic_function_to_guess_my_mood(request) return HttpResponse('Please go to %s' % shortcuts.MOODS.get(mood, somedefault)) ------------ shortcuts.py ------------ MOODS = # expensive load that causes a reverse to happen The issue is that shortcuts.py causes an exception to be thrown when a reverse is attempted before django is done building the urls. However, views.py doesn't yet need to import shortcuts.py (used only when mood_dispatcher is actually called). Obvious initial solutions are: 1) Import shortcuts inline (just not very nice stylistically) 2) Make shortcuts.py build MOODS lazily (just more work) What I ideally would like is to be able to say, at the top of views.py, "import shortcuts except when loading urls"

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  • Copy and pasting code into the Python interpreter

    - by wpeters
    There is a snippet of code that I would like to copy and paste into my Python interpreter. Unfortunately due to Python's sensitivity to whitespace it is not straightforward to copy and paste it a way that makes sense. (I think the whitespace gets mangled) Is there a better way? Maybe I can load the snippet from a file. This is just an small example but if there is a lot of code I would like to avoid typing everything from the definition of the function or copy and pasting line by line. class bcolors: HEADER = '\033[95m' OKBLUE = '\033[94m' OKGREEN = '\033[92m' WARNING = '\033[93m' FAIL = '\033[91m' ENDC = '\033[0m' def disable(self): self.HEADER = '' # I think stuff gets mangled because of the extra level of indentation self.OKBLUE = '' self.OKGREEN = '' self.WARNING = '' self.FAIL = '' self.ENDC = ''

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  • Database Error django

    - by Megan
    DatabaseError at /admin/delmarva/event/ no such column: delmarva_event.eventdate I created a class in my models.py file: from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import User class Event(models.Model): eventname = models.CharField(max_length = 100) eventdate = models.DateField() eventtime = models.TimeField() address = models.CharField(max_length = 200) user = models.ForeignKey(User) def __unicode__(self): return self.eventname and now when i try to view my events in my admin or my main_page it gives me the error that there is no eventdate. I tried syncing the db again but nothing changed. Also, I hashtagged eventdate out to see if I get a different error and then it states that delmarva_event.eventtime does not exist as well. I It is weird because it does not have a problem with eventname. Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated!

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  • default model field attribute in Django

    - by Rosarch
    I have a Django model: @staticmethod def getdefault(): print "getdefault called" return cPickle.dumps(set()) _applies_to = models.TextField(db_index=True, default=getdefault) For some reason, getdefault() is never called, even as I construct instances of this model and save them to the database. This seems to contradict the Django documentation: Field.default The default value for the field. This can be a value or a callable object. If callable it will be called every time a new object is created. Am I doing something wrong? Update: Originally, I had this, but then I switched to the above version to debug: _applies_to = models.TextField(db_index=True, default=cPickle.dumps(set())) I'm not sure why that wouldn't work.

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  • Setting up restful routes as a total newb

    - by Trip
    I'm getting the following error: Unknown action No action responded to show. Actions: activate, destroy, index, org_deals, search, and suspend Controller: class Admin::HomepagesController < Admin::ApplicationController def org_deals @organization = Organization.find(:all) end Routes: admin.resources :organizations, :collection => {:search => :get}, :member => {:suspend => :get, :activate => :get} To note: This is a controller inside of a controller. Any ideas why this is?

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  • how to diff / align Python lists using arbitrary matching function?

    - by James Tauber
    I'd like to align two lists in a similar way to what difflib.Differ would do except I want to be able to define a match function for comparing items, not just use string equality, and preferably a match function that can return a number between 0.0 and 1.0, not just a boolean. So, for example, say I had the two lists: L1 = [('A', 1), ('B', 3), ('C', 7)] L2 = ['A', 'b', 'C'] and I want to be able to write a match function like this: def match(item1, item2): if item1[0] == item2: return 1.0 elif item1[0].lower() == item2.lower(): return 0.5 else: return 0 and then do: d = Differ(match_func=match) d.compare(L1, L2) and have it diff using the match function. Like difflib, I'd rather the algorithm gave more intuitive Ratcliff-Obershelp type results rather than a purely minimal Levenshtein distance.

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  • Is it possible to use the ScalaTest BDD syntax in a JUnit environment?

    - by ebruchez
    I would like to describe tests in BDD style e.g. with FlatSpec but keep JUnit as a test runner. The ScalaTest Quick Start does not seem to show any example of this: http://www.scalatest.org/getting_started_with_junit_4 I first tried naively to write tests within @Test methods, but that doesn't work and the assertion is never tested: @Test def foobarBDDStyle { "The first name control" must "be valid" in { assert(isValid("name·1")) } // etc. } Is there any way to achieve this? It would be even better if regular tests can be mixed and matched with BDD-style tests.

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  • Ruby: rules for implicit hashes

    - by flyer
    Why second output shows me only one element of Array? Is it still Array or Hash already? def printArray(arr) arr.each { | j | k, v = j.first printf("%s %s %s \n", k, v, j) } end print "Array 1\n" printArray( [ {kk: { 'k1' => 'v1' }}, {kk: { 'k2' => 'v2' }}, {kk: { 'k3' => 'v3' }}, ]) print "Array 2\n" printArray( [ kk: { 'k1' => 'v1' }, kk: { 'k2' => 'v2' }, kk: { 'k3' => 'v3' }, ]) exit # Output: # # Array 1 # kk {"k1"=>"v1"} {:kk=>{"k1"=>"v1"}} # kk {"k2"=>"v2"} {:kk=>{"k2"=>"v2"}} # kk {"k3"=>"v3"} {:kk=>{"k3"=>"v3"}} # Array 2 # kk {"k3"=>"v3"} {:kk=>{"k3"=>"v3"}}

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  • ActiveRecord :through to set default values on through table.

    - by Dmitriy Likhten
    I would like to set a default value in a has_many through association. Lets say I have three models: People Friends Dogs A person can request that a dog becomes their friend. So a person would create an association where friends has an active column = false. User has_many :friends has_many :dogs, :through => :friends Now when I assign a dog to a user User.find(1).dogs << dog The friends table has null in the active column. My friends model is defined as Friend def initialize(args = {}) super(args) active = false end yet this does not work because the friend object is never created. Do I have to manually create one?

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  • How to find the right object in a Rails controller based on two variables?

    - by sscirrus
    Hi everyone, I have a three-table system: Companies, Customers, and Matches. The matches include, for example, private notes that each party makes about the other and some options they can set regarding the other. I have two sets of views centered around Companies and Customers for each party to look at the other and modify their notes and settings. # Customers Controller def show @customer = Customer.find(params[:customer]) @matchings = @candidate.matchings.find... @company = Company.find(params[:company]) end Obviously the @matchings is incomplete. Given that @matchings has fields customer_id and company_id, how do I find the right matching record? Thank you!

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  • Django: automatically import MEDIA_URL in context

    - by pistacchio
    Hi, like exposed here, one can set a MEDIA_URL in settings.py (for example i'm pointing to Amazon S3) and serve the files in the view via {{ MEDIA_URL }}. Since MEDIA_URL is not automatically in the context, one have to manually add it to the context, so, for example, the following works: #views.py from django.shortcuts import render_to_response from django.template import RequestContext def test(request): return render_to_response('test.html', {}, context_instance=RequestContext(request)) This means that in each view.py file i have to add from django.template import RequestContext and in each response i have to explicitly specify context_instance=RequestContext(request). Is there a way to automatically (DRY) add MEDIA_URL to the default context? Thanks in advance.

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  • In Python, are there builtin functions for elementwise boolean operators over boolean lists?

    - by bshanks
    For example, if you have n lists of bools of the same length, then elementwise boolean AND should return another list of that length that has True in those positions where all the input lists have True, and False everywhere else. It's pretty easy to write, i just would prefer to use a builtin if one exists (for the sake of standardization/readability). Here's an implementation of elementwise AND: def eAnd(*args): return [all(tuple) for tuple in zip(*args)] example usage: >>> eAnd([True, False, True, False, True], [True, True, False, False, True], [True, True, False, False, True]) [True, False, False, False, True] thx

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  • What language is better suited for P2P video streaming?

    - by Roman
    I would like to write a Skype like software which allows P2P video/audio streaming. What language is better suited for that? There are several requirements: Software should be easy to install. It should be easy to program. I want to have access to video information. For example to make a face expression recognition on the fly. It should be free. I am thinking of Python and Java. Which one would be better? Or may be there is a third choice which is better? ADDED Flash is an attractive option since users can use their browser in which flash is installed by default and if not, it's easy to install flash. But I do not know if I can have access to video (if I want to do some processing). Moreover, Flash is not free.

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  • Assign multiple css classes to a table element in Rails

    - by Eric K
    I'm trying to style a table row using both cycle and a helper, like shown: <tr class= <%= cycle("list-line-odd #{row_class(item)}", "list-line-even #{row_class(item)}")%> > However, when I do this, the resulting HTML is: <tr class = "list-line-odd" lowest-price> with the return from the helper method not enclosed in the quotes, and therefore not recognized. Here's the helper I'm using: def row_class(item) if item.highest_price > 0 and item.lowest_price > 0 and item.highest_price != item.lowest_price if item.current_price >= item.highest_price "highest-price" elsif item.current_price <= item.lowest_price "lowest-price" end end end I must be missing something obvious, but I just can't figure out how to wrap both the result of cycle and the helper method return in the same set of quotes. Any help would be greatly appreciated!

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  • Forced naming of parameters in python

    - by Mark Mayo
    In python you may have a function definition: def info(object, spacing=10, collapse=1) which could be called in any of the following ways: info(odbchelper) info(odbchelper, 12) info(odbchelper, collapse=0) info(spacing=15, object=odbchelper) thanks to python's allowing of any-order arguments, so long as they're named. The problem we're having is as some of our larger functions grow, people might be adding parameters between spacing and collapse, meaning that the wrong values may be going to parameters that aren't named. In addition sometimes it's not always clear as to what needs to go in. We're after a way to force people to name certain parameters - not just a coding standard, but ideally a flag or pydev plugin? so that in the above 4 examples, only the last would pass the check as all the parameters are named. Odds are we'll only turn it on for certain functions, but any suggestions as to how to implement this - or if it's even possible would be appreciated.

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  • Is there a way to highlight specific words or numbers without inserting a span tag?

    - by Taylor
    I've got blocks of text with various specs in them and want to have jquery highlight whatever matches a specific pattern without inserting any extra html. The following is the kind of text that I've got to work with. Intel® Core™ i7 Processor 920 (2.66GHz, 8MB cache, 4.8GT/sec)/ Genuine Windows® 7 Home Premium 64bit- English/ 640 GB Serial ATA non Raid (7200 Rpm)/ 6GB 1333MHz (3x2GB) Tri Channel Memory/ Display Not Included/ 16X DVD+/- RW Optical Drive (DVD & CD read and write)/ 1.8GB NVIDIA® GeForce™ GTX260 graphics card/ Integrated HDA 7.1 Dolby Digital Audio What I'm hoping jquery can do is highlight some of the basic specs without inserting any extra html. Maybe working off a list of values matching the spec format using some wildcards where neededed? The css to select the correct tag is #list div div div+p or I could just give the p class but would rather not. Is this kind of thing possible?

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  • listing objects from ManyToManyField

    - by Noam Smadja
    i am trying to print a list of all the Conferences and for each conference, print its 3 Speakers. in my template i have: {% if conferences %} <ul> {% for conference in conferences %} <li>{{ conference.date }}</li> {% for speakers in conference.speakers %} <li>{{ conference.speakers }}</li> {% endfor %} {% endfor %} </ul> {% else %} <p>No Conferences</p> {% endif %} in my views.py file i have: from django.shortcuts import render_to_response from youthconf.conference.models import Conference def manageconf(request): conferences = Conference.objects.all().order_by('-date')[:5] return render_to_response('conference/manageconf.html', {'conferences': conferences}) there is a model named conference. which has a class named Conferences with a ManyToManyField named speakers i get the error: Caught an exception while rendering: 'ManyRelatedManager' object is not iterable with this line: {% for speakers in conference.speakers %}

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  • Python: How can I override one module in a package with a modified version that lives outside the pa

    - by zlovelady
    I would like to update one module in a python package with my own version of the module, with the following conditions: I want my updated module to live outside of the original package (either because I don't have access to the package source, or because I want to keep my local modifications in a separate repo, etc). I want import statements that refer to original package/module to resolve to my local module Here's an example of what I'd like to do using specifics from django, because that's where this problem has arisen for me: Say this is my project structure django/ ... the original, unadulterated django package ... local_django/ conf/ settings.py myproject/ __init__.py myapp/ myfile.py And then in myfile.py # These imports should fetch modules from the original django package from django import models from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse # I would like this following import statement to grab a custom version of settings # that I define in local_django/conf/settings.py from django.conf import settings def foo(): return settings.some_setting Can I do some magic with the __import__ statement in myproject/__init__.py to accomplish this? Is there a more "pythonic" way to achieve this?

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  • One configuration per domain name on the same application. How to easily access config values from m

    - by Aymeric
    Hi, I run a Ruby on Rails website that have multiple domain names. I have a "Website" table in the database that stores the configuration values related to each domain name: Website - domain - name - tagline - admin_email - etc... At the moment, I load the website object at the start of each request (before_filter) in my ApplicationController: @website = Website.find_by_domain(request.host) The problem is when I need to access the @website object from my models methods. I would like to avoid to have to pass @website everywhere. The best solution would be to have something similar to APP_CONFIG but per domain name. def sample_model_property - - "#{@website.name} is a great website!" end How would you do it?

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  • changing order of items in tkinter listbox

    - by user1104854
    Is there an easier way to change the order of items in a tkinter listbox than deleting the values for specific key, then re-entering new info? For example, I want to be able to re-arrange items in a listbox. If I want to swap the position of two, this is what I've done. It works, but I just want to see if there's a quicker way to do this. def moveup(self,selection): value1 = int(selection[0]) - 1 #value to be moved down one position value2 = selection #value to be moved up one position nameAbove = self.fileListSorted.get(value1) #name to be moved down nameBelow = self.fileListSorted.get(value2) #name to be moved up self.fileListSorted.delete(value1,value1) self.fileListSorted.insert(value1,nameBelow) self.fileListSorted.delete(value2,value2) self.fileListSorted.insert(value2,nameAbove)

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