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• How to index pdf, ppt, xl files in lucene (java based or python or php any of these is fine)?

  - by harsha

  Also I want to know how to add meta data while indexing so that i can boost some parameters

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• Interpreted vs. Compiled Languages for Web Sites (PHP, ASP, Perl, Python, etc.)

  - by Andrew Swift

  I build database-driven web sites. Previously I have used Perl or PHP with MySQL. Now I am starting a big new project, and I want to do it in the way that will result in the most responsive possible site. I have seen several pages here where questions about how to optimize PHP are criticized with various versions of "it's not worth going to great lengths to optimize PHP since it's an interpreted language and it won't make that much difference". I have also heard various discussions (especiallon on the SO podcast) about the benefits of compiled vs. interpreted languages, and it seems as though it would be in my interests to use a compiled language to serve up the site instead of an interpreted language. Is this even possible in a web context? If so, what would be a reasonable language choice? In addition to speed one benefit I forsee is the possiblity of finding bugs at compile time instead of having to debug the web site. Is this reasonable to expect?

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• Why should main() be short?

  - by Stargazer712

  I've been programming for over 9 years, and according to the advice of my first programming teacher, I always keep my main() function extremely short. At first I had no idea why. I just obeyed without understanding, much to the delight of my professors. After gaining experience, I realized that if I designed my code correctly, having a short main() function just sortof happened. Writing modularized code and following the single responsibility principle allowed my code to be designed in "bunches", and main() served as nothing more than a catalyst to get the program running. Fast forward to a few weeks ago, I was looking at Python's souce code, and I found the main() function: /* Minimal main program -- everything is loaded from the library */ ... int main(int argc, char **argv) { ... return Py_Main(argc, argv); } Yay Python. Short main() function == Good code. Programming teachers were right. Wanting to look deeper, I took a look at Py_Main. In its entirety, it is defined as follows: /* Main program */ int Py_Main(int argc, char **argv) { int c; int sts; char *command = NULL; char *filename = NULL; char *module = NULL; FILE *fp = stdin; char *p; int unbuffered = 0; int skipfirstline = 0; int stdin_is_interactive = 0; int help = 0; int version = 0; int saw_unbuffered_flag = 0; PyCompilerFlags cf; cf.cf_flags = 0; orig_argc = argc; /* For Py_GetArgcArgv() */ orig_argv = argv; #ifdef RISCOS Py_RISCOSWimpFlag = 0; #endif PySys_ResetWarnOptions(); while ((c = _PyOS_GetOpt(argc, argv, PROGRAM_OPTS)) != EOF) { if (c == 'c') { /* -c is the last option; following arguments that look like options are left for the command to interpret. */ command = (char *)malloc(strlen(_PyOS_optarg) + 2); if (command == NULL) Py_FatalError( "not enough memory to copy -c argument"); strcpy(command, _PyOS_optarg); strcat(command, "\n"); break; } if (c == 'm') { /* -m is the last option; following arguments that look like options are left for the module to interpret. */ module = (char *)malloc(strlen(_PyOS_optarg) + 2); if (module == NULL) Py_FatalError( "not enough memory to copy -m argument"); strcpy(module, _PyOS_optarg); break; } switch (c) { case 'b': Py_BytesWarningFlag++; break; case 'd': Py_DebugFlag++; break; case '3': Py_Py3kWarningFlag++; if (!Py_DivisionWarningFlag) Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 1; break; case 'Q': if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "old") == 0) { Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 0; break; } if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "warn") == 0) { Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 1; break; } if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "warnall") == 0) { Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 2; break; } if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "new") == 0) { /* This only affects __main__ */ cf.cf_flags |= CO_FUTURE_DIVISION; /* And this tells the eval loop to treat BINARY_DIVIDE as BINARY_TRUE_DIVIDE */ _Py_QnewFlag = 1; break; } fprintf(stderr, "-Q option should be `-Qold', " "`-Qwarn', `-Qwarnall', or `-Qnew' only\n"); return usage(2, argv[0]); /* NOTREACHED */ case 'i': Py_InspectFlag++; Py_InteractiveFlag++; break; /* case 'J': reserved for Jython */ case 'O': Py_OptimizeFlag++; break; case 'B': Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag++; break; case 's': Py_NoUserSiteDirectory++; break; case 'S': Py_NoSiteFlag++; break; case 'E': Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag++; break; case 't': Py_TabcheckFlag++; break; case 'u': unbuffered++; saw_unbuffered_flag = 1; break; case 'v': Py_VerboseFlag++; break; #ifdef RISCOS case 'w': Py_RISCOSWimpFlag = 1; break; #endif case 'x': skipfirstline = 1; break; /* case 'X': reserved for implementation-specific arguments */ case 'U': Py_UnicodeFlag++; break; case 'h': case '?': help++; break; case 'V': version++; break; case 'W': PySys_AddWarnOption(_PyOS_optarg); break; /* This space reserved for other options */ default: return usage(2, argv[0]); /*NOTREACHED*/ } } if (help) return usage(0, argv[0]); if (version) { fprintf(stderr, "Python %s\n", PY_VERSION); return 0; } if (Py_Py3kWarningFlag && !Py_TabcheckFlag) /* -3 implies -t (but not -tt) */ Py_TabcheckFlag = 1; if (!Py_InspectFlag && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONINSPECT")) && *p != '\0') Py_InspectFlag = 1; if (!saw_unbuffered_flag && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONUNBUFFERED")) && *p != '\0') unbuffered = 1; if (!Py_NoUserSiteDirectory && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONNOUSERSITE")) && *p != '\0') Py_NoUserSiteDirectory = 1; if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONWARNINGS")) && *p != '\0') { char *buf, *warning; buf = (char *)malloc(strlen(p) + 1); if (buf == NULL) Py_FatalError( "not enough memory to copy PYTHONWARNINGS"); strcpy(buf, p); for (warning = strtok(buf, ","); warning != NULL; warning = strtok(NULL, ",")) PySys_AddWarnOption(warning); free(buf); } if (command == NULL && module == NULL && _PyOS_optind < argc && strcmp(argv[_PyOS_optind], "-") != 0) { #ifdef __VMS filename = decc$translate_vms(argv[_PyOS_optind]); if (filename == (char *)0 || filename == (char *)-1) filename = argv[_PyOS_optind]; #else filename = argv[_PyOS_optind]; #endif } stdin_is_interactive = Py_FdIsInteractive(stdin, (char *)0); if (unbuffered) { #if defined(MS_WINDOWS) || defined(__CYGWIN__) _setmode(fileno(stdin), O_BINARY); _setmode(fileno(stdout), O_BINARY); #endif #ifdef HAVE_SETVBUF setvbuf(stdin, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); setvbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); setvbuf(stderr, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); #else /* !HAVE_SETVBUF */ setbuf(stdin, (char *)NULL); setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL); setbuf(stderr, (char *)NULL); #endif /* !HAVE_SETVBUF */ } else if (Py_InteractiveFlag) { #ifdef MS_WINDOWS /* Doesn't have to have line-buffered -- use unbuffered */ /* Any set[v]buf(stdin, ...) screws up Tkinter :-( */ setvbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); #else /* !MS_WINDOWS */ #ifdef HAVE_SETVBUF setvbuf(stdin, (char *)NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ); setvbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ); #endif /* HAVE_SETVBUF */ #endif /* !MS_WINDOWS */ /* Leave stderr alone - it should be unbuffered anyway. */ } #ifdef __VMS else { setvbuf (stdout, (char *)NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ); } #endif /* __VMS */ #ifdef __APPLE__ /* On MacOS X, when the Python interpreter is embedded in an application bundle, it gets executed by a bootstrapping script that does os.execve() with an argv[0] that's different from the actual Python executable. This is needed to keep the Finder happy, or rather, to work around Apple's overly strict requirements of the process name. However, we still need a usable sys.executable, so the actual executable path is passed in an environment variable. See Lib/plat-mac/bundlebuiler.py for details about the bootstrap script. */ if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONEXECUTABLE")) && *p != '\0') Py_SetProgramName(p); else Py_SetProgramName(argv[0]); #else Py_SetProgramName(argv[0]); #endif Py_Initialize(); if (Py_VerboseFlag || (command == NULL && filename == NULL && module == NULL && stdin_is_interactive)) { fprintf(stderr, "Python %s on %s\n", Py_GetVersion(), Py_GetPlatform()); if (!Py_NoSiteFlag) fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", COPYRIGHT); } if (command != NULL) { /* Backup _PyOS_optind and force sys.argv[0] = '-c' */ _PyOS_optind--; argv[_PyOS_optind] = "-c"; } if (module != NULL) { /* Backup _PyOS_optind and force sys.argv[0] = '-c' so that PySys_SetArgv correctly sets sys.path[0] to '' rather than looking for a file called "-m". See tracker issue #8202 for details. */ _PyOS_optind--; argv[_PyOS_optind] = "-c"; } PySys_SetArgv(argc-_PyOS_optind, argv+_PyOS_optind); if ((Py_InspectFlag || (command == NULL && filename == NULL && module == NULL)) && isatty(fileno(stdin))) { PyObject *v; v = PyImport_ImportModule("readline"); if (v == NULL) PyErr_Clear(); else Py_DECREF(v); } if (command) { sts = PyRun_SimpleStringFlags(command, &cf) != 0; free(command); } else if (module) { sts = RunModule(module, 1); free(module); } else { if (filename == NULL && stdin_is_interactive) { Py_InspectFlag = 0; /* do exit on SystemExit */ RunStartupFile(&cf); } /* XXX */ sts = -1; /* keep track of whether we've already run __main__ */ if (filename != NULL) { sts = RunMainFromImporter(filename); } if (sts==-1 && filename!=NULL) { if ((fp = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: can't open file '%s': [Errno %d] %s\n", argv[0], filename, errno, strerror(errno)); return 2; } else if (skipfirstline) { int ch; /* Push back first newline so line numbers remain the same */ while ((ch = getc(fp)) != EOF) { if (ch == '\n') { (void)ungetc(ch, fp); break; } } } { /* XXX: does this work on Win/Win64? (see posix_fstat) */ struct stat sb; if (fstat(fileno(fp), &sb) == 0 && S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode)) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: '%s' is a directory, cannot continue\n", argv[0], filename); fclose(fp); return 1; } } } if (sts==-1) { /* call pending calls like signal handlers (SIGINT) */ if (Py_MakePendingCalls() == -1) { PyErr_Print(); sts = 1; } else { sts = PyRun_AnyFileExFlags( fp, filename == NULL ? "<stdin>" : filename, filename != NULL, &cf) != 0; } } } /* Check this environment variable at the end, to give programs the * opportunity to set it from Python. */ if (!Py_InspectFlag && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONINSPECT")) && *p != '\0') { Py_InspectFlag = 1; } if (Py_InspectFlag && stdin_is_interactive && (filename != NULL || command != NULL || module != NULL)) { Py_InspectFlag = 0; /* XXX */ sts = PyRun_AnyFileFlags(stdin, "<stdin>", &cf) != 0; } Py_Finalize(); #ifdef RISCOS if (Py_RISCOSWimpFlag) fprintf(stderr, "\x0cq\x0c"); /* make frontend quit */ #endif #ifdef __INSURE__ /* Insure++ is a memory analysis tool that aids in discovering * memory leaks and other memory problems. On Python exit, the * interned string dictionary is flagged as being in use at exit * (which it is). Under normal circumstances, this is fine because * the memory will be automatically reclaimed by the system. Under * memory debugging, it's a huge source of useless noise, so we * trade off slower shutdown for less distraction in the memory * reports. -baw */ _Py_ReleaseInternedStrings(); #endif /* __INSURE__ */ return sts; } Good God Almighty...it is big enough to sink the Titanic. It seems as though Python did the "Intro to Programming 101" trick and just moved all of main()'s code to a different function called it something very similar to "main". Here's my question: Is this code terribly written, or are there other reasons reasons to have a short main function? As it stands right now, I see absolutely no difference between doing this and just moving the code in Py_Main() back into main(). Am I wrong in thinking this?

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• Why should main() be short?

  - by Stargazer712

  I've been programming for over 9 years, and according to the advice of my first programming teacher, I always keep my main() function extremely short. At first I had no idea why. I just obeyed without understanding, much to the delight of my professors. After gaining experience, I realized that if I designed my code correctly, having a short main() function just sortof happened. Writing modularized code and following the single responsibility principle allowed my code to be designed in "bunches", and main() served as nothing more than a catalyst to get the program running. Fast forward to a few weeks ago, I was looking at Python's souce code, and I found the main() function: /* Minimal main program -- everything is loaded from the library */ ... int main(int argc, char **argv) { ... return Py_Main(argc, argv); } Yay python. Short main() function == Good code. Programming teachers were right. Wanting to look deeper, I took a look at Py_Main. In its entirety, it is defined as follows: /* Main program */ int Py_Main(int argc, char **argv) { int c; int sts; char *command = NULL; char *filename = NULL; char *module = NULL; FILE *fp = stdin; char *p; int unbuffered = 0; int skipfirstline = 0; int stdin_is_interactive = 0; int help = 0; int version = 0; int saw_unbuffered_flag = 0; PyCompilerFlags cf; cf.cf_flags = 0; orig_argc = argc; /* For Py_GetArgcArgv() */ orig_argv = argv; #ifdef RISCOS Py_RISCOSWimpFlag = 0; #endif PySys_ResetWarnOptions(); while ((c = _PyOS_GetOpt(argc, argv, PROGRAM_OPTS)) != EOF) { if (c == 'c') { /* -c is the last option; following arguments that look like options are left for the command to interpret. */ command = (char *)malloc(strlen(_PyOS_optarg) + 2); if (command == NULL) Py_FatalError( "not enough memory to copy -c argument"); strcpy(command, _PyOS_optarg); strcat(command, "\n"); break; } if (c == 'm') { /* -m is the last option; following arguments that look like options are left for the module to interpret. */ module = (char *)malloc(strlen(_PyOS_optarg) + 2); if (module == NULL) Py_FatalError( "not enough memory to copy -m argument"); strcpy(module, _PyOS_optarg); break; } switch (c) { case 'b': Py_BytesWarningFlag++; break; case 'd': Py_DebugFlag++; break; case '3': Py_Py3kWarningFlag++; if (!Py_DivisionWarningFlag) Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 1; break; case 'Q': if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "old") == 0) { Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 0; break; } if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "warn") == 0) { Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 1; break; } if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "warnall") == 0) { Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 2; break; } if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "new") == 0) { /* This only affects __main__ */ cf.cf_flags |= CO_FUTURE_DIVISION; /* And this tells the eval loop to treat BINARY_DIVIDE as BINARY_TRUE_DIVIDE */ _Py_QnewFlag = 1; break; } fprintf(stderr, "-Q option should be `-Qold', " "`-Qwarn', `-Qwarnall', or `-Qnew' only\n"); return usage(2, argv[0]); /* NOTREACHED */ case 'i': Py_InspectFlag++; Py_InteractiveFlag++; break; /* case 'J': reserved for Jython */ case 'O': Py_OptimizeFlag++; break; case 'B': Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag++; break; case 's': Py_NoUserSiteDirectory++; break; case 'S': Py_NoSiteFlag++; break; case 'E': Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag++; break; case 't': Py_TabcheckFlag++; break; case 'u': unbuffered++; saw_unbuffered_flag = 1; break; case 'v': Py_VerboseFlag++; break; #ifdef RISCOS case 'w': Py_RISCOSWimpFlag = 1; break; #endif case 'x': skipfirstline = 1; break; /* case 'X': reserved for implementation-specific arguments */ case 'U': Py_UnicodeFlag++; break; case 'h': case '?': help++; break; case 'V': version++; break; case 'W': PySys_AddWarnOption(_PyOS_optarg); break; /* This space reserved for other options */ default: return usage(2, argv[0]); /*NOTREACHED*/ } } if (help) return usage(0, argv[0]); if (version) { fprintf(stderr, "Python %s\n", PY_VERSION); return 0; } if (Py_Py3kWarningFlag && !Py_TabcheckFlag) /* -3 implies -t (but not -tt) */ Py_TabcheckFlag = 1; if (!Py_InspectFlag && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONINSPECT")) && *p != '\0') Py_InspectFlag = 1; if (!saw_unbuffered_flag && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONUNBUFFERED")) && *p != '\0') unbuffered = 1; if (!Py_NoUserSiteDirectory && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONNOUSERSITE")) && *p != '\0') Py_NoUserSiteDirectory = 1; if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONWARNINGS")) && *p != '\0') { char *buf, *warning; buf = (char *)malloc(strlen(p) + 1); if (buf == NULL) Py_FatalError( "not enough memory to copy PYTHONWARNINGS"); strcpy(buf, p); for (warning = strtok(buf, ","); warning != NULL; warning = strtok(NULL, ",")) PySys_AddWarnOption(warning); free(buf); } if (command == NULL && module == NULL && _PyOS_optind < argc && strcmp(argv[_PyOS_optind], "-") != 0) { #ifdef __VMS filename = decc$translate_vms(argv[_PyOS_optind]); if (filename == (char *)0 || filename == (char *)-1) filename = argv[_PyOS_optind]; #else filename = argv[_PyOS_optind]; #endif } stdin_is_interactive = Py_FdIsInteractive(stdin, (char *)0); if (unbuffered) { #if defined(MS_WINDOWS) || defined(__CYGWIN__) _setmode(fileno(stdin), O_BINARY); _setmode(fileno(stdout), O_BINARY); #endif #ifdef HAVE_SETVBUF setvbuf(stdin, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); setvbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); setvbuf(stderr, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); #else /* !HAVE_SETVBUF */ setbuf(stdin, (char *)NULL); setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL); setbuf(stderr, (char *)NULL); #endif /* !HAVE_SETVBUF */ } else if (Py_InteractiveFlag) { #ifdef MS_WINDOWS /* Doesn't have to have line-buffered -- use unbuffered */ /* Any set[v]buf(stdin, ...) screws up Tkinter :-( */ setvbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); #else /* !MS_WINDOWS */ #ifdef HAVE_SETVBUF setvbuf(stdin, (char *)NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ); setvbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ); #endif /* HAVE_SETVBUF */ #endif /* !MS_WINDOWS */ /* Leave stderr alone - it should be unbuffered anyway. */ } #ifdef __VMS else { setvbuf (stdout, (char *)NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ); } #endif /* __VMS */ #ifdef __APPLE__ /* On MacOS X, when the Python interpreter is embedded in an application bundle, it gets executed by a bootstrapping script that does os.execve() with an argv[0] that's different from the actual Python executable. This is needed to keep the Finder happy, or rather, to work around Apple's overly strict requirements of the process name. However, we still need a usable sys.executable, so the actual executable path is passed in an environment variable. See Lib/plat-mac/bundlebuiler.py for details about the bootstrap script. */ if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONEXECUTABLE")) && *p != '\0') Py_SetProgramName(p); else Py_SetProgramName(argv[0]); #else Py_SetProgramName(argv[0]); #endif Py_Initialize(); if (Py_VerboseFlag || (command == NULL && filename == NULL && module == NULL && stdin_is_interactive)) { fprintf(stderr, "Python %s on %s\n", Py_GetVersion(), Py_GetPlatform()); if (!Py_NoSiteFlag) fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", COPYRIGHT); } if (command != NULL) { /* Backup _PyOS_optind and force sys.argv[0] = '-c' */ _PyOS_optind--; argv[_PyOS_optind] = "-c"; } if (module != NULL) { /* Backup _PyOS_optind and force sys.argv[0] = '-c' so that PySys_SetArgv correctly sets sys.path[0] to '' rather than looking for a file called "-m". See tracker issue #8202 for details. */ _PyOS_optind--; argv[_PyOS_optind] = "-c"; } PySys_SetArgv(argc-_PyOS_optind, argv+_PyOS_optind); if ((Py_InspectFlag || (command == NULL && filename == NULL && module == NULL)) && isatty(fileno(stdin))) { PyObject *v; v = PyImport_ImportModule("readline"); if (v == NULL) PyErr_Clear(); else Py_DECREF(v); } if (command) { sts = PyRun_SimpleStringFlags(command, &cf) != 0; free(command); } else if (module) { sts = RunModule(module, 1); free(module); } else { if (filename == NULL && stdin_is_interactive) { Py_InspectFlag = 0; /* do exit on SystemExit */ RunStartupFile(&cf); } /* XXX */ sts = -1; /* keep track of whether we've already run __main__ */ if (filename != NULL) { sts = RunMainFromImporter(filename); } if (sts==-1 && filename!=NULL) { if ((fp = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: can't open file '%s': [Errno %d] %s\n", argv[0], filename, errno, strerror(errno)); return 2; } else if (skipfirstline) { int ch; /* Push back first newline so line numbers remain the same */ while ((ch = getc(fp)) != EOF) { if (ch == '\n') { (void)ungetc(ch, fp); break; } } } { /* XXX: does this work on Win/Win64? (see posix_fstat) */ struct stat sb; if (fstat(fileno(fp), &sb) == 0 && S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode)) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: '%s' is a directory, cannot continue\n", argv[0], filename); fclose(fp); return 1; } } } if (sts==-1) { /* call pending calls like signal handlers (SIGINT) */ if (Py_MakePendingCalls() == -1) { PyErr_Print(); sts = 1; } else { sts = PyRun_AnyFileExFlags( fp, filename == NULL ? "<stdin>" : filename, filename != NULL, &cf) != 0; } } } /* Check this environment variable at the end, to give programs the * opportunity to set it from Python. */ if (!Py_InspectFlag && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONINSPECT")) && *p != '\0') { Py_InspectFlag = 1; } if (Py_InspectFlag && stdin_is_interactive && (filename != NULL || command != NULL || module != NULL)) { Py_InspectFlag = 0; /* XXX */ sts = PyRun_AnyFileFlags(stdin, "<stdin>", &cf) != 0; } Py_Finalize(); #ifdef RISCOS if (Py_RISCOSWimpFlag) fprintf(stderr, "\x0cq\x0c"); /* make frontend quit */ #endif #ifdef __INSURE__ /* Insure++ is a memory analysis tool that aids in discovering * memory leaks and other memory problems. On Python exit, the * interned string dictionary is flagged as being in use at exit * (which it is). Under normal circumstances, this is fine because * the memory will be automatically reclaimed by the system. Under * memory debugging, it's a huge source of useless noise, so we * trade off slower shutdown for less distraction in the memory * reports. -baw */ _Py_ReleaseInternedStrings(); #endif /* __INSURE__ */ return sts; } Good God Almighty...it is big enough to sink the Titanic. It seems as though Python did the "Intro to Programming 101" trick and just moved all of main()'s code to a different function called it something very similar to "main". Here's my question: Is this code terribly written, or are there other reasons to have a short main function? As it stands right now, I see absolutely no difference between doing this and just moving the code in Py_Main() back into main(). Am I wrong in thinking this?

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• Unable to install mod_wsgi on CentOS 5.5 VPS...

  - by jasonaburton

  I am trying to install mod_wsgi on my VPS, but it won't work. This is what I am doing: wget http://modwsgi.googlecode.com/files/mod_wsgi-2.5.tar.gz tar xzvf mod_wsgi-2.5.tar.gz cd mod_wsgi-2.5 ./configure --with-python=/opt/python2.5/bin/python After I run the above command, I get this error: checking for apxs2... no checking for apxs... no checking Apache version... ./configure: line 1298: apxs: command not found ./configure: line 1298: apxs: command not found ./configure: line 1299: /: is a directory ./configure: line 1461: apxs: command not found configure: creating ./config.status config.status: creating Makefile config.status: error: cannot find input file: Makefile.in Through some research I've discovered that I need to modify my command: ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs \ --with-python=/usr/local/bin/python But, /usr/local/apache/ doesn't exist, or so that's what it is telling me. If it doesn't exist, how do I create it with all the files needed, or if apache is located elsewhere on my VPS where would it be located? I'd also like to mention that I ran a command to install apache before this entire deal: yum install httpd so I assumed that was all I needed but apparently not (I am very new at all this server administration stuff so please be gentle) EDIT: This is the tutorial that I have been using to get this all set up: http://binarysushi.com/blog/2009/aug/19/CentOS-5-3-python-2-5-virtualevn-mod-wsgi-and-mod-rpaf/ I got stuck at the heading "Installing mod_wsgi" Thanks for any help!

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• django fcgi - call a management command with subprocess.Popen

  - by user41855

  Hi, I'm using an app called django-chronograph. It has a code of line which works in my dev environment and does not work in production: p = subprocess.Popen(['python', get_manage_py(), 'run_job', str(self.pk)]) This line crashes in production with: unknown command run_job Whereas when I run directly from command line: manage.py run_job It works fine. Interestingly it worked once when we exchanged 'python' with 'usr/bin/python'. then we restarted the server once more and it was back to old behaviour. Thus it seems as we have a python path issue. I'm not the guy who is running the server, its my app that should run and it would be great to get some help here. Attention: I'm a total noob regarding server-administration.. server environment: NGINX with FCGI-Daemon FCGI in prefork-mode

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• Whats the best way to update Ubuntu 9.04?

  - by Fu86

  I have a Ubuntu 9.04 server which has no packase support anymore. If I want to update my package lists, I get th following errors: Err http://de.archive.ubuntu.com jaunty-security/multiverse Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 141.30.13.10 80] W: Failed to fetch http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 141.30.13.10 80] .... I read at the official Ubuntu-Support-Page, that there is a update-manager-core-Package to upgrade to a new release. Unfortunately I dont have this package installed and I am unable to install it because of the lack of package sources. EDIT: Installing the package update-manager-core from another release doesn't work because it depends on a higher version of python-apt. (Tried with 10.04) $ dpkg -i update-manager-core_0.134.7_amd64.deb Selecting previously deselected package update-manager-core. (Reading database ... 28743 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking update-manager-core (from update-manager-core_0.134.7_amd64.deb) ... dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of update-manager-core: update-manager-core depends on python-apt (>= 0.7.13.4ubuntu3); however: Version of python-apt on system is 0.7.9~exp2ubuntu10. update-manager-core depends on python-gnupginterface; however: Package python-gnupginterface is not installed. dpkg: error processing update-manager-core (--install): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Errors were encountered while processing: update-manager-core So, whats the best way to upgrade to to current Release without reinstalling the complete (virtual) server?

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• Host wildcard subdomains using postfix.

  - by Jack M.

  I'm trying to work out how I can get postfix to accept email for any sub-domain of my main site. I don't have virtual domains, just a long list of sub-domains for local delivery. In specific, I'm feeding python@*.mydomain.com into a Python using the alias file: python: |/www/proc_email.py The Python can handle delivery from there. I envision this looking something along the lines of: mydestination = encendio, localhost.localdomain, localhost, *.mydomain.com I'm running the latest version of postfix on Ubuntu (not rightly sure how to check the version). Thanks in advance.

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• yum list installed including version of all installed packages CentOS 5.4

  - by Andy

  I have a list of packages installed with yum on CentOS 5.4 [root@server ~]# yum list installed ... Installed Packages GConf2.x86_64 2.14.0-9.el5 installed ImageMagick.x86_64 6.2.8.0-4.el5_1.1 installed MAKEDEV.x86_64 3.23-1.2 installed MySQL-python.x86_64 1.2.1-1 installed I would like to download these rpms locally using yumdownloader --resolve MySQL-python-1.2.1-1.x86_64 etc. However the package formatting is different (MySQL-python.x86_64 1.2.1-1 vs MySQL-python-1.2.1-1.x86_64) so I am unable to download them using the above command. I don't want to have to parse the output of yum list installed, and I also don't want to use the contents of /var/log/yum.log* as I'll have to account for erased packages and version discrepancies. However /var/log/yum.log* does have the formatting I require... May 25 14:58:15 Installed: groff-1.18.1.1-11.1.x86_64 May 25 14:58:15 Installed: bzip2-1.0.3-4.el5_2.x86_64 Any suggestions?

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• Download file from vbscript?

  - by Eye of Hell

  I need a script that can be run on freshly installed windows xp+ and download specified files from internet, like http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.6.2/python-2.6.2.msi Is it any easy way to do it without hand-crafting HTTP/FTP requests or using third-party programs like wget? I can suggest that WScript.CreateObject("internetexplorer.application") will do the magic, but documentation on it is extremely huge and Google is silent, as always :).

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• How to make Windows command prompt treat single quote as though it is a double quote?

  - by mark

  My scenario is simple - I am copying script samples from the Mercurial online book (at http://hGBook.red-bean.com) and pasting them in a Windows command prompt. The problem is that the samples in the book use single quoted strings. When a single quoted string is passed on the Windows command prompt, the latter does not recognize that everything between the single quotes belongs to one string. For example, the following command: hg commit -m 'Initial commit' cannot be pasted as is in a command prompt, because the latter treats 'Initial commit' as two strings - 'Initial and commit'. I have to edit the command after paste and it is annoying. Is it possible to instruct the Windows command prompt to treat single quotes similarly to the double one? EDIT Following the reply by JdeBP I have done a little research. Here is the summary: Mercurial entry point looks like so (it is a python program): def run(): "run the command in sys.argv" sys.exit(dispatch(request(sys.argv[1:]))) So, I have created a tiny python program to mimic the command line processing used by mercurial: import sys print sys.argv[1:] Here is the Unix console log: [hg@Quake ~]$ python 1.py "1 2 3" ['1 2 3'] [hg@Quake ~]$ python 1.py '1 2 3' ['1 2 3'] [hg@Quake ~]$ python 1.py 1 2 3 ['1', '2', '3'] [hg@Quake ~]$ And here is the respective Windows console log: C:\Workpython 1.py "1 2 3" ['1 2 3'] C:\Workpython 1.py '1 2 3' ["'1", '2', "3'"] C:\Workpython 1.py 1 2 3 ['1', '2', '3'] C:\Work One can clearly see that Windows does not treat single quotes as double quotes. And this is the essence of my question.

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• No Commands are Working on Mac OS X Terminal?

  - by Raiders

  When I run terminal using the icon on my desktop, I get this error: -bash: export: `:/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11/bin': not a valid identifier And subsequently, no commands are working (ls, ssh, sudo, rm, cp and so forth). What is happening???

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• unittest import error with virtualenv + google-app-engine-django

  - by Ray Yun

  I'm working with google-app-engine-django + zipped django. Just running "python manage.py test" succeeded without error. But with virtualenv, test was failed with "import unittest error". same error with Django 1.1. - OSX 10.5.6 - google-app-engine-django (r101 via svn) : r100 was failed with launcher 1.3.0 - GoogleAppLauncher 1.3.0 - Django 1.1 & 1.1.1 (zipped) : both failed - virtualenv 1.4.5 - virtualenvwrapper 1.24 Error Message: (django_appengine)Reiot:warclouds Reiot$ python manage.py test WARNING:root:Could not read datastore data from /var/folders/UZ/UZ1vQeLFH2ShHk4kIiLcFk+++TI/-Tmp-/django_google-app-engine-django.datastore INFO:root:zipimporter('/Volumes/data/Documents/warclouds/django.zip', 'django/core/serializers/') .WARNING:root:Can't open zipfile /Users/Reiot/.virtualenvs/django_appengine/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg: IOError: [Errno 13] file not accessible: '/Users/Reiot/.virtualenvs/django_appengine/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg' WARNING:root:Can't open zipfile /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c9-py2.5.egg: IOError: [Errno 13] file not accessible: '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c9-py2.5.egg' ERROR:root:Exception encountered handling request Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 3177, in _HandleRequest self._Dispatch(dispatcher, self.rfile, outfile, env_dict) File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 3120, in _Dispatch base_env_dict=env_dict) File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 515, in Dispatch base_env_dict=base_env_dict) File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 2379, in Dispatch self._module_dict) File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 2289, in ExecuteCGI reset_modules = exec_script(handler_path, cgi_path, hook) File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 2185, in ExecuteOrImportScript exec module_code in script_module.__dict__ File "/Volumes/data/Documents/warclouds/main.py", line 28, in <module> from appengine_django import InstallAppengineHelperForDjango File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 1264, in Decorate return func(self, *args, **kwargs) File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 1914, in load_module return self.FindAndLoadModule(submodule, fullname, search_path) File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 1264, in Decorate return func(self, *args, **kwargs) File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 1816, in FindAndLoadModule description) File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 1264, in Decorate return func(self, *args, **kwargs) File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 1767, in LoadModuleRestricted description) File "/Volumes/data/Documents/warclouds/appengine_django/__init__.py", line 44, in <module> import unittest ImportError: No module named unittest INFO:root:"GET / HTTP/1.1" 500 - INFO:root:zipimporter('/Users/Reiot/.virtualenvs/django_appengine/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg', '') INFO:root:zipimporter('/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c9-py2.5.egg', '') F........................................................... ====================================================================== FAIL: a request to the default page works in the dev_appserver ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Volumes/data/Documents/warclouds/appengine_django/tests/integration_test.py", line 176, in testBasic self.assertEquals(rv.status_code, 200) AssertionError: 500 != 200 I also tried with console import but it was ok. > which python /Users/Reiot/.virtualenvs/django_appengine/bin/python > python >>> import unittest Here is my environments: $ mkvirtualenv --no-site-packages no-django $ mkvirtualenv --no-site-packages django-1.1 $ mkvirtualenv --no-site-packages django-1.1.1 (django-1.1)$ easy_install Django-1.1.tar (django-1.1.1)$ easy_install Django-1.1.1.tar $ mkdir google-app-engine-django-svn $ cp -r google-app-engine-django-svn google-app-engine-django-svn-django-1.1 // copy appropriate django.zip $ cp -r google-app-engine-django-svn google-app-engine-django-svn-django-1.1.1 // copy appropriate django.zip

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• Is there an alternative to Google Code Search?

  - by blunders

  Per the Official Google Blog: Code Search, which was designed to help people search for open source code all over the web, will be shut down along with the Code Search API on January 15, 2012. Google Code Search is now gone, and since that makes it much harder to understand the features it presented, here's my attempt to render them via information I gathered from a cache of the page for the Search Options: The "In Search Box" just notes the syntax to type the command directly in the main search box instead of using the advance search interface. Package (In Search Box: "package:linux-2.6") Language (In Search Box: "lang:c++") (OPTIONS: any language, actionscript, ada, applescript, asp, assembly, autoconf, automake, awk, basic, bat, c, c#, c++, caja, cobol, coldfusion, configure, css, d, eiffel, erlang, fortran, go, haskell, inform, java, java, javascript, jsp, lex, limbo, lisp, lolcode, lua, m4, makefile, maple, mathematica, matlab, messagecatalog, modula2, modula3, objectivec, ocaml, pascal, perl, php, pod, prolog, proto, python, python, r, rebol, ruby, sas, scheme, scilab, sgml, shell, smalltalk, sml, sql, svg, tcl, tex, texinfo, troff, verilog, vhdl, vim, xslt, xul, yacc) File (In Search Box: "file:^.*.java$") Class (In Search Box: "class:HashMap") Function (In Search Box: "function:toString") License (In Search Box: "license:mozilla") (OPTIONS: null/any-license, aladdin/Aladdin-Public-License, artistic/Artistic-License, apache/Apache-License, apple/Apple-Public-Source-License, bsd/BSD-License, cpl/Common-Public-License, epl/Eclipse-Public-License, agpl/GNU-Affero-General-Public-License, gpl/GNU-General-Public-License, lgpl/GNU-Lesser-General-Public-License, disclaimer/Historical-Permission-Notice-and-Disclaimer, ibm/IBM-Public-License, lucent/Lucent-Public-License, mit/MIT-License, mozilla/Mozilla-Public-License, nasa/NASA-Open-Source-Agreement, python/Python-Software-Foundation-License, qpl/Q-Public-License, sleepycat/Sleepycat-License, zope/Zope-Public-License) Case Sensitive (In Search Box: "case:no") (OPTIONS: yes, no) Also of use in understanding the search tool would be the still live FAQs page for Google Code Search. Is there any code search engine that would fully replace Google Code Search's features?

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• Advice on selecting programming languages to concentrate on? (2nd year IT security student)

  - by Tyler J Fisher

  I'm in the process of considering which programming languages I should devote the majority of my coding studies to. I'm a 2nd year CS student, majoring in IT security. What I want to do/work with: Intelligence gathering Relational databases Virus design Snort network IPS Current coding experience (what I'm going to keep): Java - intermediate HTML5 - intermediate SQL (MySQL, Oracle 11g) - basic BASH - basic I'm going to need to learn (at least) one of the following languages in order to be successful in my field. Languages to add (at least 1): Ruby (+Metasploit) C++ (virus design, low-level driver interaction, computationally intensive applications) Python (import ALL the things) My dilemma: If I diversify too broadly, I won't be able to focus on, and improve in a specific niche. Does anyone have any advice as to how I should select a language? What I'm considering + why I'm leaning towards Ruby because of Metasploit support, despite lower efficiency when compared to Python. Any suggestions based on real-world experience? Should I focus on Ruby, Python, or C++? Both Ruby, and Python have been regarded as syntactically similar to Java which my degree is based around. I'm going to be studying C++ in two years as a component of my malicious code class. Thanks, Tyler

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• How to learn the math behind the code?

  - by Solomon Wise

  I am a 12 year old who has recently gotten into programming. (Although I know that the number of books you have read does not determine your programming competency or ability, just to paint a "map" of where I am in terms of the content I know...) I've finished the books: Python 3 For Absolute Beginners Pro Python Python Standard Library by Example Beautiful Code Agile Web Development With Rails and am about halfway into Programming Ruby. I have written many small programs (One that finds which files have been updated and deleted in a directory, one that compares multiple players' fantasy baseball value, and some text based games, and many more). Obviously, as I'm not some sort of child prodigy, I can't take a formal Computer Science course until high school. I really want to learn computer science to increase my knowledge about the code, and the how the code runs. I've really become interested in the math part after reading the source code for Python's random module. Is there a place where I can learn CS, or programming math online for free, at a level that would be at least partially understandable to a person my age?

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• Java Champion Dick Wall Explores the Virtues of Scala (otn interview)

  - by Janice J. Heiss

  In a new interview up on otn/java, titled “Java Champion Dick Wall on the Virtues of Scala (Part 2),” Dick Wall explains why, after a long career in programming exploring Lisp, C, C++, Python, and Java, he has finally settled on Scala as his language of choice. From the interview: “I was always on the lookout for a language that would give me both Python-like productivity and simplicity for just writing something and quickly having it work and that also offers strong performance, toolability, and type safety (all of which I like in Java). Scala is simply the first language that offers all those features in a package that suits me. Programming in Scala feels like programming in Python (if you can think it, you can do it), but with the benefit of having a compiler looking over your shoulder and telling you that you have the wrong type here or the wrong method name there.The final ‘aha!’ moment came about a year and a half ago. I had a quick task to complete, and I started writing it in Python (as I have for many years) but then realized that I could probably write it just as fast in Scala. I tried, and indeed I managed to write it just about as fast.”Wall makes the remarkable claim that once Java developers have learned to work in Scala, when they work on large projects, they typically find themselves more productive than they are in Java. “Of course,” he points out, “people are always going to argue about these claims, but I can put my hand over my heart and say that I am much more productive in Scala than I was in Java, and I see no reason why the many people I know using Scala wouldn’t say the same without some reason.”Read the interview here.

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• How to Avoid a Busy Loop Inside a Function That Returns the Object That's Being Waited For

  - by Carl Smith

  I have a function which has the same interface as Python's input builtin, but it works in a client-server environment. When it's called, the function, which runs in the server, sends a message to the client, asking it to get some input from the user. The user enters some stuff, or dismisses the prompt, and the result is passed back to the server, which passes it to the function. The function then returns the result. The function must work like Python's input [that's the spec], so it must block until it has the result. This is all working, but it uses a busy loop, which, in practice, could easily be spinning for many minutes. Currently, the function tells the client to get the input, passing an id. The client returns the result with the id. The server puts the result in a dictionary, with the id as the key. The function basically waits for that key to exist. def input(): '''simplified example''' key = unique_key() tell_client_to_get_input(key) while key not in dictionary: pass return dictionary.pop(pin) Using a callback would be the normal way to go, but the input function must block until the result is available, so I can't see how that could work. The spec can't change, as Python will be using the new input function for stuff like help and pdb, which provide their own little REPLs. I have a lot of flexibility in terms of how everything works overall, but just can't budge on the function acting exactly like Python's. Is there any way to return the result as soon as it's available, without the busy loop?

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• Is it okay to use a language that isn't supported by your company for some tasks?

  - by systempuntoout

  I work for a company that supports several languages: COBOL, VB6, C# and Java. I use those languages for my primary work, but I often find myself to coding some minor programs (e.g. scripts) in Python because I found it to be the best tool for that type of task. For example: An analyst gives me a complex CSV file to populate some DB tables, so I would use Python to parse it and create a DB script. What's the problem? The main problem I see is that a few parts of these quick & dirty scripts are slowly gaining importance and: My company does not support Python They're not version controlled (I back them up in another way) My coworkers do not know Python The analysts have even started referencing them in email ("launch the script that exports..."), so they are needed more often than I initially thought. I should add that these scripts are just utilities that are not part of the main project; they simply help to get trivial tasks done in less time. For my own small tasks they help a lot. In short, if I were a lottery winner to be in a accident, my coworkers would need to keep the project alive without those scripts; they would spend more time in fixing CSV errors by hand for example. Is this a common scenario? Am I doing something wrong? What should I do?

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• For what purpose I can use c++ to increase my skills?

  - by user824981

  I want to learn new things. Initially I was a PHP programmer. Then I thought it was not enough. Then I started learning Java thing. It took me 3 months to learn. Java, J2EE, Spring, Hibernte, Spring Security, Spring Roo and many design patterns MVC and stuff like AOP, DI . I never knew that before but I got the idea what J2EE. After 3 months, I just made a simple page with Registration form integrated with Spring Security. I wanted to make one complete project in it but that was too much for me and I didn't want spend more time on it as then i need to host that as well so I left that. Then I started learning Python and made few sys admin scripts and then Django and now I am finishing a complete web app in Python. Now I want to learn C++, but before that I need to find out what i can do with it. Just like I know Python is very useful because I have my own servers so I can write scripting and websites so Python is good for me. But I am confused in which areas C++ can help me. I don't want to end up like I have with Java where either I have big projects or nothing for day to day use.

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• Why is there still so much offer for Perl programmers?

  - by user491444

  A quick search on monster.com on different scripting languages resulted on Perl having much more job opportunities than Python and Ruby (in Europe, I didn't check for the rest of the world), and since I'm just a newbie programmer I was wondering why is this? I've read everywhere that Python and Ruby are much better languages, and much more organized. Having coded in python and php myself, Perl's code seems so alien to me. Anyways, sorry for my poor English, it's my second language, and this is not a critique on the Perl language, I was just wondering whether it's a good idea to learn it at this point or not.

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• How are Programing Language Designed?

  - by Anteater7171

  After doing a bit of programing, I've become quite curious on language design itself. I'm still a novice (I've been doing it for about a year), so the majority of my code pertains to only two fields (GUI design in Python and basic algorithms in C/C++). I have become intrigued with how the actual languages themselves are written. I mean this in both senses. Such as how it was literally written (ie, what language the language was written in). As well as various features like white spacing (Python) or object orientation (C++ and Python). Where would one start learning how to write a language? What are some of the fundamentals of language design, things that would make it a "complete" language?

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• Best/Easiest Technology for a RESTful webservice [closed]

  - by user1751547

  So I'm going to be creating a phone app + website that will need to utilize a web service. Webservices are completely outside my domain so I'm not entirely sure where to start. Does anybody have any suggestions on the technology stack I should use? (mainly in terms of ease of use and reliability) So far what I've looked at are: RoR Python + Django + TastyPie Python + Flask Microsoft WCF 3.5 PHP + some framework I would rather not do anything with Java I'm leaning towards the Python + Django + TastyPie route as it seems like it would be easy to get up and going and learn in general. My only concern with it is the reliability of the libraries (feature breaking updates, abandonment, etc). Also I would prefer to create the website with the same framework so I wouldn't have to deal with learning and using two different ones. Any advice would be helpful, thanks.

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• 'module' object has no attribute 'PY2'

  - by ManikandanV

  I am using ubuntu 14.04, was trying to install python-memcache. I have got an error like Downloading/unpacking python-memcached Downloading python-memcached-1.53.tar.gz Cleaning up... Exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 122, in main status = self.run(options, args) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 278, in run requirement_set.prepare_files(finder, force_root_egg_info=self.bundle, bundle=self.bundle) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 1229, in prepare_files req_to_install.run_egg_info() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 292, in run_egg_info logger.notify('Running setup.py (path:%s) egg_info for package %s' % (self.setup_py, self.name)) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 284, in setup_py if six.PY2 and isinstance(setup_py, six.text_type): AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'PY2' Storing debug log for failure in /home/mani/.pip/pip.log I am getting the same error when installing Django-celery, pymongo etc

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• YouTube Scalability Lessons

  - by Bertrand Matthelié

  @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Calibri"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }h2 { margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 14pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }a:link, span.MsoHyperlink { color: blue; text-decoration: underline; }a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed { color: purple; text-decoration: underline; }span.Heading2Char { font-family: Calibri; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Very interesting blog post by Todd Hoff at highscalability.com presenting “7 Years of YouTube Scalability Lessons in 30 min” based on a presentation from Mike Solomon, one of the original engineers at YouTube: …. The key takeaway away of the talk for me was doing a lot with really simple tools. While many teams are moving on to more complex ecosystems, YouTube really does keep it simple. They program primarily in Python, use MySQL as their database, they’ve stuck with Apache, and even new features for such a massive site start as a very simple Python program. That doesn’t mean YouTube doesn’t do cool stuff, they do, but what makes everything work together is more a philosophy or a way of doing things than technological hocus pocus. What made YouTube into one of the world’s largest websites? Read on and see... Stats @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } 4 billion Views a day 60 hours of video is uploaded every minute 350+ million devices are YouTube enabled Revenue double in 2010 The number of videos has gone up 9 orders of magnitude and the number of developers has only gone up two orders of magnitude. 1 million lines of Python code Stack @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } Python - most of the lines of code for YouTube are still in Python. Everytime you watch a YouTube video you are executing a bunch of Python code. Apache - when you think you need to get rid of it, you don’t. Apache is a real rockstar technology at YouTube because they keep it simple. Every request goes through Apache. Linux - the benefit of Linux is there’s always a way to get in and see how your system is behaving. No matter how bad your app is behaving, you can take a look at it with Linux tools like strace and tcpdump. MySQL - is used a lot. When you watch a video you are getting data from MySQL. Sometime it’s used a relational database or a blob store. It’s about tuning and making choices about how you organize your data. Vitess- a  new project released by YouTube, written in Go, it’s a frontend to MySQL. It does a lot of optimization on the fly, it rewrites queries and acts as a proxy. Currently it serves every YouTube database request. It’s RPC based. Zookeeper - a distributed lock server. It’s used for configuration. Really interesting piece of technology. Hard to use correctly so read the manual Wiseguy - a CGI servlet container. Spitfire - a templating system. It has an abstract syntax tree that let’s them do transformations to make things go faster. Serialization formats - no matter which one you use, they are all expensive. Measure. Don’t use pickle. Not a good choice. Found protocol buffers slow. They wrote their own BSON implementation, which is 10-15 time faster than the one you can download. ...Contiues. Read the blog Watch the video

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