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• What is Ruby's double-colon (::) all about?

  - by Meltemi

  I'd probably be able to answer this for myself if "::" wasn't so hard to Google. Didn't see anything on SO so thought I'd try my luck. What is this double-colon :: all about? I see it everywhere in Rails: class User < ActiveRecord::Base or… ActionController::Routing::Routes.draw do |map| I found a definition from this guy: The :: is a unary operator that allows: constants, instance methods and class methods defined within a class or module, to be accessed from anywhere outside the class or module. but that just leads to more questions. What good is scope (private, protected) if you can just use :: to expose anything?

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• CultureManager issue

  - by Serge

  I have a bug I don't understand. While the following works fine: Resources.Classes.AFieldFormula.DirectFieldFormula this one throws an exception: new ResourceManager(typeof(Resources.Classes.AFieldFormula)).GetString("DirectFieldFormula"); Could not find any resources appropriate for the specified culture or the neutral culture. Make sure \"Resources.Classes.AFieldFormula.resources\" was correctly embedded or linked into assembly \"MygLogWeb\" at compile time, or that all the satellite assemblies required are loadable and fully signed. How comes? Resource designer.cs file: //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ // <auto-generated> // This code was generated by a tool. // Runtime Version:4.0.30319.18408 // // Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if // the code is regenerated. // </auto-generated> //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ namespace Resources.Classes { using System; /// <summary> /// A strongly-typed resource class, for looking up localized strings, etc. /// </summary> // This class was auto-generated by the StronglyTypedResourceBuilder // class via a tool like ResGen or Visual Studio. // To add or remove a member, edit your .ResX file then rerun ResGen // with the /str option, or rebuild your VS project. [global::System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("System.Resources.Tools.StronglyTypedResourceBuilder", "4.0.0.0")] [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute()] [global::System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CompilerGeneratedAttribute()] public class AFieldFormula { private static global::System.Resources.ResourceManager resourceMan; private static global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo resourceCulture; [global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1811:AvoidUncalledPrivateCode")] internal AFieldFormula() { } /// <summary> /// Returns the cached ResourceManager instance used by this class. /// </summary> [global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableAttribute(global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)] public static global::System.Resources.ResourceManager ResourceManager { get { if (object.ReferenceEquals(resourceMan, null)) { global::System.Resources.ResourceManager temp = new global::System.Resources.ResourceManager("MygLogWeb.Classes.AFieldFormula", typeof(AFieldFormula).Assembly); resourceMan = temp; } return resourceMan; } } /// <summary> /// Overrides the current thread's CurrentUICulture property for all /// resource lookups using this strongly typed resource class. /// </summary> [global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableAttribute(global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)] public static global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo Culture { get { return resourceCulture; } set { resourceCulture = value; } } /// <summary> /// Looks up a localized string similar to Direct field. /// </summary> public static string DirectFieldFormula { get { return ResourceManager.GetString("DirectFieldFormula", resourceCulture); } } } }

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• How could I implement a fuzzy time date replacer using Knockout?

  - by rball

  I'd like to implement what this plugin does using jQuery: https://github.com/rmm5t/jquery-timeago A short description of that plugin: This will turn all abbr elements with a class of timeago and an ISO 8601 timestamp in the title (conforming to the datetime design pattern microformat): <abbr class="timeago" title="2011-12-17T09:24:17Z">December 17, 2011</abbr> Into something like this: <abbr class="timeago" title="December 17, 2011">about 1 day ago</abbr> Except using knockout my markup looks like this: <abbr data-bind="attr: { title: Posted }" class="timeago"></abbr> I think something isn't synced up because nothing is happening even if I put the call to timeago within the viewmodel itself. I'm guessing I need a subscriber that's attached to the observable "Posted" but I'm not sure how to set that up.

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• Appropriate uses of Monad `fail` vs. MonadPlus `mzero`

  - by jberryman

  This is a question that has come up several times for me in the design code, especially libraries. There seems to be some interest in it so I thought it might make a good community wiki. The fail method in Monad is considered by some to be a wart; a somewhat arbitrary addition to the class that does not come from the original category theory. But of course in the current state of things, many Monad types have logical and useful fail instances. The MonadPlus class is a sub-class of Monad that provides an mzero method which logically encapsulates the idea of failure in a monad. So a library designer who wants to write some monadic code that does some sort of failure handling can choose to make his code use the fail method in Monad or restrict his code to the MonadPlus class, just so that he can feel good about using mzero, even though he doesn't care about the monoidal combining mplus operation at all. Some discussions on this subject are in this wiki page about proposals to reform the MonadPlus class. So I guess I have one specific question: What monad instances, if any, have a natural fail method, but cannot be instances of MonadPlus because they have no logical implementation for mplus? But I'm mostly interested in a discussion about this subject. Thanks! EDIT: One final thought occured to me. I recently learned (even though it's right there in the docs for fail) that monadic "do" notation is desugared in such a way that pattern match failures, as in (x:xs) <- return [] call the monad's fail. It seems like the language designers must have been strongly influenced by the prospect of some automatic failure handling built in to haskell's syntax in their inclusion of fail in Monad.

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• How to configure Spring-DM OSGi service for new instance per call?

  - by Bhav

  I'm starting to delve into using Spring DM and OSGi services in an RCP application. I've created a service which is used by another bundle in the RCP application. It does a lookup of the service via calls to getBundleContext().getServiceReference() using the explicit bundle names and service class names. I'm not using DI anywhere yet. The issue I'm running into is that the service that is returned in the requesting bundle is a singleton. At times I notice a threading issue since it is a "stateful" service. How do I configure the application to get back a new service instance with each call? Here is my spring xml file contents which registers the service: <bean id="myServBean" class="com.xyz.ClassImpl"/> <osgi:service ref="myServBean" class="com.xyz.Class"/>

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• Creating a new object destroys an older object with different name in C++

  - by Mikael

  First question here! So, I am having some problems with pointers in Visual C++ 2008. I'm writing a program which will control six cameras and do some processing on them so to clean things up I have created a Camera Manager class. This class handles all operations which will be carried out on all the cameras. Below this is a Camera class which interacts with each individual camera driver and does some basic image processing. Now, the idea is that when the manager is initialised it creates two cameras and adds them to a vector so that I can access them later. The catch here is that when I create the second camera (camera2) the first camera's destructor is called for some reason, which then disconnects the camera. Normally I'd assume that the problem is somewhere in the Camera class, but in this case everything works perfectly as long as I don't create the camera2 object. What's gone wrong? CameraManager.h: #include "stdafx.h" #include <vector> #include "Camera.h" class CameraManager{ std::vector<Camera> cameras; public: CameraManager(); ~CameraManager(); void CaptureAll(); void ShowAll(); }; CameraManager.cpp: #include "stdafx.h" #include "CameraManager.h" CameraManager::CameraManager() { printf("Camera Manager: Initializing\n"); [...] Camera *camera1 = new Camera(NodeInfo,1, -44,0,0); cameras.push_back(*camera1); // Adding the following two lines causes camera1's destructor to be called. Why? Camera *camera2 = new Camera(NodeInfo,0, 44,0,0); cameras.push_back(*camera2); printf("Camera Manager: Ready\n"); }

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• Why are we getting a WCF "Framing error" on some machines but not others

  - by Ian Ringrose

  We have just found we are getting “framing errors” (as reported by the WCF logs) when running our system on some customer test machine. It all works ok on our development machines. We have an abstract base class, with KnownType attributes for all its sub classes. One of it’s subclass is missing it’s DataContract attribute. However it all worked on our test machine! On the customers test machine, we got “framing error” showing up the WCF logs, this is not the error message I have seen in the past when missing a DataContract attribute, or a KnownType attribute. I wish to get to the bottom of this, as we can no longer have confidence in our ability to test the system before giving it to the customer until we can make our machines behave the some as the customer’s machines. Code that try to show what I am talking about, (not the real code) [DataContract()] [KnownType(typeof(SubClass1))] [KnownType(typeof(SubClass2))] // other subclasses with data members public abstract class Base { [DataMember] public int LotsMoreItemsThenThisInRealLife; } /// <summary> /// This works on some machines (not not others) when passed to Contract::DoIt, /// note the missing [DataContract()] /// </summary> public class SubClass1 : Base { // has no data members } /// <summary> /// This works in all cases when passed to Contract::DoIt /// </summary> [DataContract()] public class SubClass2 : Base { // has no data members } public interface IContract { void DoIt(Base[] items); } public static class MyProgram { public static IContract ConntectToServerOverWCF() { // lots of code ... return null; } public static void Startup() { IContract server = ConntectToServerOverWCF(); // this works all of the time server.DoIt(new Base[]{new SubClass2(){LotsMoreItemsThenThisInRealLife=2}}); // this works "in develperment" e.g. on our machines, but not on the customer's test machines! server.DoIt(new Base[] { new SubClass1() { LotsMoreItemsThenThisInRealLife = 2 } }); } }

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• How to call window developed in C# through FindWindow api.

  - by Sagar Mane

  Hello All, I am new to C# and xaml code. I have one sample code which implemented in C#. when I have reviewed xaml file I got <Window x:Class="test.MainWindow">. So does test.MainWindow indicate the class name for this window. I am trying to invoke this window from other application which is developed in win 32. I am trying to pass this class name to FindWindow("test.MainWindow",NULL) ,but it fails. does anything missing over there. how I can change the class name of window developed in C#? Thanks, Sagar

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• push(ing)_back objects pointers within a loop

  - by Jose Manuel Albornoz

  Consider the following: I have a class CDevices containing, amongst others, a string member class CDevice { public: CDevice(void); ~CDevice(void); // device name std::string Device_Name; etc... } and somewhere else in my code I define another class that contains a vector of pointers to CDevices class CDevice; class CServers { public: CServers(void); ~CServers(void); // Devices vector vector<CDevice*> Devices; etc... } The problem appears in the following lines in my main.c pDevice = new CDevice; pDevice->Device_Name = "de"; Devices.push_back(pDevice); pDevice->Device_Name = " revolotiunibus"; Devices.push_back(pDevice); pDevice->Device_Name = " orbium"; Devices.push_back(pDevice); pDevice->Device_Name = " coelestium"; Devices.push_back(pDevice); for(int i = 0; i < (int)Devices.size(); ++i) cout << "\nLoad name = " << Devices.at(i)->Device_Name << endl; The output I get is " coelestium" repeated four times: each time I push_back a new element into the vector all of the already existing elements take the value of the one which has just been added. I have also tried using iterators to recover each element in the vector with the same results. Could someone please tell me what's wrong here? Thankx

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• The Java interface doesn't declare any exception. How to manage checked exception of the implementat

  - by Frór

  Let's say I have the following Java interface that I may not modify: public interface MyInterface { public void doSomething(); } And now the class implementing it is like this: class MyImplementation implements MyInterface { public void doSomething() { try { // read file } catch (IOException e) { // what to do? } } } I can't recover from not reading the file. A subclass of RuntimeException can clearly help me, but I'm not sure if it's the right thing to do: the problem is that that exception would then not be documented in the class and a user of the class would possibly get that exception an know nothing about solving this. What can I do?

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• How can one describe a rock-paper-scissors relationship between 3 items?

  - by Madara Uchiha

  Let's say I have the following structure: abstract class Hand {} class Rock extends Hand {} class Paper extends Hand {} class Scissors extends Hand {} The goal is to make a function (or a method) Hand::compareHands(Hand $hand1, Hand $hand2), which would return the winning hand in a rock-paper-scissors match. That would be very easy with a bunch of ifs, but the point is to have a more robust structure, that's relying on polymorphism rather than on procedural code. P.S. this is done in actual production code, if someone is asking. This isn't some sort of challenge or homework. (It's not really rock-paper-scissors, but you get the point).

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• ExceptionHandling with Spring 3

  - by mjf

  I have this controller: @RequestMapping(value = "*.xls", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String excel(Model model) { return "excel"; The excel wiew opens actually a ExcelViewer, which is build in method protected void buildExcelDocument(Map<String, Object> map, WritableWorkbook ww, HttpServletRequest hsr, HttpServletResponse hsr1) throws Exception { Class.writecontent Class.writeMoreContent Called methods write content to the Excel sheet and they can throw e.g biffException. How can I show a certain error page when Exception is occured? I tried this @Controller public class ExcelController { @ExceptionHandler(BiffException.class) public String handleException(BiffException ex) { return "fail"; } @RequestMapping(value = "*.xls", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String excel(Model model) { return "excel"; } } But I'm getting the server's error message about Exceptions. Maybe a bean definition missing?

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• Loading Java applet from WEB-INF/classes by JSP

  - by Bruce

  Hi guys, Ive got a problem with loading an applet from WEB-INF/classes directory. The main class of an applet (MainApplet.class) is there in the package aaa, but when loading I got the exception java.lang.ClassNotFoundException. Where am I wrong? My jsp is in Web Pages dir. < jsp:plugin type="applet" code="aaa/MainApplet.class" jreversion="1.6" width="700" height="500" Thanks in advance for the reply!

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• How to judge the animate function complete and show something?

  - by lanqy

  The code like this: $(".hide").click(function(){ $(".online-contact").animate({width: 'toggle',height: '100%'}, "fast"); $(this).hide(); $(".show-class").show(); }) I want to show the div with the class of show-class when the the animate function complete,what can I do it?

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• iPhone - AES256 Encryption Using Built In Library

  - by Robert

  Hey all, I am using http://pastie.org/966473 as a reference as all I need to do is encrypt something using AES256 encrypting. I created a class and put the implementation in the pastie on top of the implementation for my class. @implementation //pastie code @end @implementation //my class code @end In my class code I create a NSMutableData and try to call the EncryptAES method and I get a warning saying it might not respond to that. What am I doing wrong here? do I need to implement the pastie code elsewhere? Thanks for any help.

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• Generating ul from array with php fails

  - by Toni Michel Caubet

  Given a $files array I am trying to generate a list, like this: <ul class=""> <? for($i=0;$i < count($files); $i++) { $text = str_replace("http://domain.com/files/uploads/", "", $files[$i]); $file = $files[$i]; $notme = sesion()>0 && $obj['id'] != sesion(); ?> <li> <a target="_blank" href="<?=$file?>"><?=$text?></a> <? if($notme){ ?> <span class="add_to_files" data-file="<?=$file?>">Agregar al gestor</span> <? } ?> </li> <? } ?> </ul> This is the output: Please note how the span html is wrong, <ul class=""> <li> <a href="http://domain.com/files/uploads/388400967232883.jpg" target="_blank">388400967232883.jpg</a> <span target="_blank" href="http://domain.com/files/uploads/388400967232883.jpg" url"="" data-file="&lt;a class=" class="add_to_files">http://domain.com/files/uploads/388400967232883.jpg"&gt;Agregar al gestor</span> </li> </ul> Any idea why?

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• Best way to implement game loop without freezing UI thread

  - by Matt H

  I'm trying to make a simple 2D game in Java. So far I have a JFrame, with a menubar, and a class which extends JPanel and overrides it's paint method. Now, I need to get a game loop going, where I will update the position of images and so on. However, I'm stuck at how best to achieve this. Should I use multi-threading, because surely, if you put an infinite loop on the main thread, the UI (and thus my menu bar) will freeze up? Here's my code so far: import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Graphics; import javax.swing.JPanel; @SuppressWarnings("serial") public class GameCanvas extends JPanel { public void paint(Graphics g) { while (true) { g.setColor(Color.DARK_GRAY); try { Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JMenu; import javax.swing.JMenuBar; import javax.swing.JMenuItem; @SuppressWarnings("serial") public class Main extends JFrame { GameCanvas canvas = new GameCanvas(); final int FRAME_HEIGHT = 400; final int FRAME_WIDTH = 400; public static void main(String args[]) { new Main(); } public Main() { super("Game"); JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar(); JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu("File"); JMenuItem startMenuItem = new JMenuItem("Pause"); menuBar.add(fileMenu); fileMenu.add(startMenuItem); super.add(canvas); super.setVisible(true); super.setSize(FRAME_WIDTH, FRAME_WIDTH); super.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); super.setJMenuBar(menuBar); } } Any pointers/tips? Also, where should I put my loop? In my main class, or my GameCanvas class? Any help is appreciated, thanks.

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• Must parameter of assignment operator be reference?

  - by Tim

  When overloading assignment operator of a class in C++, must its parameter be reference? For example, class MyClass { public: ... MyClass & operator=(const MyClass &rhs); ... } Can it be class MyClass { public: ... MyClass & operator=(const MyClass rhs); ... } ? Thanks!

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• How to limit setAccessible to only "legitimate" uses?

  - by polygenelubricants

  The more I learned about the power of setAccessible, the more astonished I am at what it can do. This is adapted from my answer to the question (Using reflection to change static final File.separatorChar for unit testing). import java.lang.reflect.*; public class EverythingIsTrue { static void setFinalStatic(Field field, Object newValue) throws Exception { field.setAccessible(true); Field modifiersField = Field.class.getDeclaredField("modifiers"); modifiersField.setAccessible(true); modifiersField.setInt(field, field.getModifiers() & ~Modifier.FINAL); field.set(null, newValue); } public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { setFinalStatic(Boolean.class.getField("FALSE"), true); System.out.format("Everything is %s", false); // "Everything is true" } } You can do truly outrageous stuff: public class UltimateAnswerToEverything { static Integer[] ultimateAnswer() { Integer[] ret = new Integer[256]; java.util.Arrays.fill(ret, 42); return ret; } public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { EverythingIsTrue.setFinalStatic( Class.forName("java.lang.Integer$IntegerCache") .getDeclaredField("cache"), ultimateAnswer() ); System.out.format("6 * 9 = %d", 6 * 9); // "6 * 9 = 42" } } Presumably the API designers realize how abusable setAccessible can be, but must have conceded that it has legitimate uses to provide it. So my questions are: What are the truly legitimate uses for setAccessible? Could Java has been designed as to NOT have this need in the first place? What would the negative consequences (if any) of such design be? Can you restrict setAccessible to legitimate uses only? Is it only through SecurityManager? How does it work? Whitelist/blacklist, granularity, etc? Is it common to have to configure it in your applications?

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• Reflection for a Field going wrong

  - by TiGer

  Hi, I have been trying to use reflection for a specifiec Field in the android.os.build class, the MANUFACTURER field... I have tried by using this code : try { Class myBuildClass = android.os.Build.class; Field m1 = Build.class.getDeclaredField("MANUFACTURER"); validField = true; manufacturer = Build.MANUFACTURER; } catch(Exception ex) { manufacturer = Build.PRODUCT; System.err.println("getDeviceSpecifics, got an exception during getting Field : " + ex.toString()); } I am gettign the following errors : 06-01 11:26:37.639: WARN/dalvikvm(7342): VFY: unable to resolve static field 2 (MANUFACTURER) in Landroid/os/Build; 06-01 11:26:37.639: WARN/dalvikvm(7342): VFY: rejecting opcode 0x62 at 0x0048 06-01 11:26:37.639: WARN/dalvikvm(7342): VFY: rejected Lmobilaria/android/managementModule/Management;.getDeviceSpecifics ()V 06-01 11:26:37.639: WARN/dalvikvm(7342): Verifier rejected class Lmobilaria/android/managementModule/Management; And when debugging I noticed that InvocationtargetException is continuesly thrown, so I am guessing I haven't been implementing the whole Reflection principle correctly... Any idea where things are going wrong or otherwise on how to implement Refelction for a single Field correctly ?

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• PHP if statement - select two different get variables?

  - by arsoneffect

  Below is my example script: <li><a <?php if ($_GET['page']=='photos' && $_GET['view']!=="projects"||!=="forsale") { echo ("href=\"#\" class=\"active\""); } else { echo ("href=\"/?page=photos\""); } ?>>Photos</a></li> <li><a <?php if ($_GET['view']=='projects') { echo ("href=\"#\" class=\"active\""); } else { echo ("href=\"/?page=photos&view=projects\""); } ?>>Projects</a></li> <li><a <?php if ($_GET['view']=='forsale') { echo ("href=\"#\" class=\"active\""); } else { echo ("href=\"/?page=photos&view=forsale\""); } ?>>For Sale</a></li> I want the PHP to echo the "href="#" class="active" only when it is not on the two pages: ?page=photos&view=forsale or ?page=photos&view=projects

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• Can I make PDOStatement->fetchObject not use non-member variables?

  - by threendib

  Lets say I have a class like this: Class User { var $id var $name; } And I run a query using PDO in php like so: $stm = $db->prepare('select * from users where id = :id'); $r = $stm->execute(array(':id' => $id)); $user = $r->fetchObject('User'); If I vardump my user object it has all kinds of other fields in it that I have not defined in the User class. Obviously I could make my query specific so that it only gives me back the fields I need/want. But if I don't want to do that is there any way to make this work the way I want it to? I like the idea of fetchObject, because it's one line of code to create this object and set member variables for me. I just don't want it to set variables I haven't defined in my class.

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• Purpose of boost::checked_delete

  - by Channel72

  I don't understand the purpose of boost::checked_delete. The documentation says: The C++ Standard allows, in 5.3.5/5, pointers to incomplete class types to be deleted with a delete-expression. When the class has a non-trivial destructor, or a class-specific operator delete, the behavior is undefined. Some compilers issue a warning when an incomplete type is deleted, but unfortunately, not all do, and programmers sometimes ignore or disable warnings. The supplied function and class templates can be used to prevent these problems, as they require a complete type, and cause a compilation error otherwise. So the C++ standard allows you to delete incomplete types, which causes undefined behavior if the type has a non-trivial destructor. What? How can an incomplete type have any destructor at all? Isn't an incomplete type just a prototype?

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• Detect if Visual Studio Test is running

  - by RTigger

  Is there an easy way to detect if you're running in the context of a Visual Studio Test as opposed to debug or release? Here's the scenario - we have a factory class that we use heavily throughout our existing codebase, and I figured instead of refactoring it out in each class so we can substitute the default factory with one that would return mock/fake objects, I could add something in the factory class itself to return those mock objects if it detects it's running in "test" mode.

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• Example of contravariance

  - by Misha

  I am thinking of the following example to illustrate why contravariance is useful. Let's consider a GUI framework with Widgets, Events, and Event Listeners. abstract class Event; class KeyEvent extends Event class MouseEvent extends Event trait EventListener[-Event] { def listen(e:Event) } Let Widgets define the following methods: def addKeyEventListener(listener:EventListener[KeyEvent]) def addMouseEventListener(listener:EventListener[MouseEvent]) These methods accept only "specific" event listeners, which is fine. However I would like to define also "kitchen-sink" listeners, which listen to all events, and pass such listeners to the "add listener" methods above. For instance, I would like to define LogEventListener to log all incoming events class LogEventListener extends EventListener[Event] { def listen(e:Event) { log(event) } } Since the trait EventListener is contravariant in Event we can pass LogEventListener to all those "add listener" methods without losing their type safety. Does it make sense ?

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