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• Bug Triage

  In this blog post brain dump, I'll attempt to describe the process my team tries to follow when dealing with new bug reports (specifically, code defect reports). This is not official Microsoft policy, just the way we do things… if you do things differently and want to share, you can do so at the bottom in the comments (or on your blog).Feature Triage TeamA subset of the feature crew, the triage team (which has representations from the PM, Dev and QA disciplines), looks at all unassigned bugs at regular intervals. This can be weekly or daily (or other frequency) dependent on which part of the product cycle we are in and what the untriaged bug load looks like. They discuss each bug considering the evidence and make a decision of whether the bug goes from Not Yet Assigned to Assigned (plus the name of the DEV to fix this) or whether it goes from Active to Resolved (which means it gets assigned back to the requestor for closure or further debate if they were not present at the triage meeting). Close to critical milestones, the feature triage team needs to further justify bugs they take to additional higher-level triage teams.Bug Opened = Not Yet AssignedSomeone (typically an SDET from the QA team) creates the bug item (e.g. in TFS), ensuring they populate all the relevant fields including: Title, Description, Repro Steps (including the Actual Result at the end of the steps), attachments of code and/or screenshots, Build number that they observed the issue in, regression details if applicable, how it was found, if a test case exists or needs to be created etc. They also indicate their opinion on the Priority and Severity. The bug status is left as Not Yet Assigned."Issue" versus "Fix for issue"The solution to some bugs is easy to determine, e.g. "bug: the column name is misspelled". Obviously the fix is to correct the spelling – still, the triage team should be explicit and enter the correct spelling in the bug's Description. Note that a bad bug name here would be "bug: fix the spelling of the column" (it describes the solution, rather than the problem).Other solutions are trickier to establish, e.g. "bug: the column header is not accessible (can only be clicked on with the mouse, not reached via keyboard)". What is the correct solution here? The last thing to do is leave this undetermined and just assign it to a developer. The solution has to be entered in the description. Behind this type of a bug usually hides a spec defect or a new feature request.The person opening the bug should focus on describing the issue, rather than the solution. The person indicates what the fix is in their opinion by stating the Expected Result (immediately after stating the Actual Result). If they have a complex suggested solution, that should be split out in a separate part, but the triage team has the final say before assigning it. If the solution is lengthy/complicated to describe, the bug can be assigned to the PM. Note: the strict interpretation suggests that any bug with no clear, obvious solution is always a hole in the spec and should always go to the PM. This also ensures the spec gets updated.Not Yet Assigned - Not Yet Assigned (on someone else's plate)If the bug is observed in our feature, but the cause is actually another team, we change the Area Path (which is the way we identify teams in TFS) and leave it as Not Yet Assigned. The triage team may add more comments as appropriate including potentially changing the repro steps. In some cases, we may even resolve the bug in our area path and open a new bug in the area path of the other team.Even though there is no action on a dev on the team, the bug still needs to be tracked. One way of doing this is to implement some notification system that informs the team when the tracked bug changed status; another way is to occasionally run a global query (against all area paths) for bugs that have been opened by a member of the team and follow up with the current owners for stale bugs.Not Yet Assigned - ResolvedThis state transition can only be made by the Feature Triage Team.0. Sometimes the bug description is not clear and in that case it gets Resolved as More Information Needed, so the original requestor can provide it.After understanding what the bug item is about, the first decision is to determine whether it needs to go to a dev.1. If it is a known bug, it gets resolved as "Duplicate" and linked to the existing bug.2. If it is "By Design" it gets resolved as such, indicating that the triage team does not think this is a bug.3. If the bug does not repro on latest bits, it is resolved as "No Repro"4. The most painful: If it is decided that we cannot fix it for this release it gets resolved as "Postponed" or "Won't Fix". The former is typically due to resources and time constraints, while the latter is due to deciding that it is not important enough to consume our resources in any release (yes, not all bugs must be fixed!). For both cases, there are other factors that contribute to the decision such as: existence of a reasonable workaround, frequency we expect users to encounter the issue, dependencies on other team to offer a solution, whether it breaks a core scenario, whether it prohibits customer feedback on a major feature, is it a regression from a previous release, impact of the fix on other partner teams (e.g. User Education, User Experience, Localization/Globalization), whether this is the right fix, does the fix impact performance goals, and last but not least, severity of bug (e.g. loss of customer data, security threat, crash, hang). The bar for fixing a bug goes up as the release date approaches. The triage team becomes hardnosed about which bugs to take, while the developers are busy resolving assigned bugs thus everyone drives for Zero Bug Bounce (ZBB). ZBB is when you have 0 active bugs older than 48 hours.Not Yet Assigned - AssignedIf the bug is something we decide to fix in this release and the solution is known, then it is assigned to a DEV. This is either the developer that will do the work, or a Lead that can further assign it to one of his developer team based on a load balancing algorithm of their choosing.Sometimes, the triage team needs the dev to do some investigation work before deciding whether to take the fix; similarly, the checkin for the fix may be gated on code review by the triage team. In these cases, these instructions are provided in the comments section of the bug and when the developer is done they notify the triage team for final decision.Additionally, a Priority and Severity (from 0 to 4) has to be entered, e.g. a P0 means "drop anything you are doing and fix this now" whereas a P4 is something you get to after all P0,1,2,3 bugs are fixed.From a testing perspective, if the bug was found through ad-hoc testing or an external team, the decision is made whether test cases should be added to avoid future regressions. This is communicated to the QA team.Assigned - ResolvedWhen the developer receives the bug (they should be checking daily for new bugs on their plate looking at bugs in order of priority and from older to newer) they can send it back to triage if the information is not clear. Otherwise, they investigate the bug, setting the Sub Status to "Investigating"; if they cannot make progress, they set the Sub Status to "Blocked" and discuss this with triage or whoever else can help them get unblocked. Once they are unblocked, they set the Sub Status to "Working on Solution"; once they are code complete they send a code review request, setting the Sub Status to "Fix Available". After the iterative code review process is over and everyone is happy with the fix, the developer checks it in and changes the state of the bug from Active (and Assigned to them) to Resolved (and Assigned to someone else).The developer needs to ensure that when the status is changed to Resolved that it is assigned to a QA person. For example, maybe the PM opened the bug, but it should be a QA person that will verify the fix - the developer needs to manually change the assignee in that case. Typically the QA person will send an email to the original requestor notifying them that the fix is verified.Resolved - ??In all cases above, note that the final state was Resolved. What happens after that? The final step should be Closed. The bug is closed once the QA person verifying the fix is happy with it. If the person is not happy, then they change the state from Resolved to Active, thus sending it back to the developer. If the developer and QA person cannot reach agreement, then triage can be brought into it. An easy way to do that is change the status back to Not Yet Assigned with appropriate comments so the triage team can re-review.It is important to note that only QA can close a bug. That means that if the opener of the bug was a PM, when the bug gets resolved by the dev it may land on the PM's plate and after a quick review, the PM would re-assign to an SDET, which is the only role that can close bugs. One exception to this is if the person that filed the bug is external: in that case, we leave it Resolved and assigned to them and also send them a notification that they need to verify the fix. Another exception is if specialized developer knowledge is needed for verifying the bug fix (e.g. it was a refactoring suggestion bug typically not observable by the user) in which case it is fine to have a developer verify the fix, and ideally a different developer to the one that opened the bug.Other links on bug triageA quick search reveals that others have talked about this subject, e.g. here, here, here, here and here.Your take?If you have other best practices your team uses to deal with incoming bug reports, feel free to share in the comments below or on your blog. Comments about this post welcome at the original blog.

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• Creating a dynamic proxy generator with c# – Part 4 – Calling the base method

  - by SeanMcAlinden

  Creating a dynamic proxy generator with c# – Part 1 – Creating the Assembly builder, Module builder and caching mechanism Creating a dynamic proxy generator with c# – Part 2 – Interceptor Design Creating a dynamic proxy generator with c# – Part 3 – Creating the constructors   The plan for calling the base methods from the proxy is to create a private method for each overridden proxy method, this will allow the proxy to use a delegate to simply invoke the private method when required. Quite a few helper classes have been created to make this possible so as usual I would suggest download or viewing the code at http://rapidioc.codeplex.com/. In this post I’m just going to cover the main points for when creating methods. Getting the methods to override The first two notable methods are for getting the methods. private static MethodInfo[] GetMethodsToOverride<TBase>() where TBase : class {     return typeof(TBase).GetMethods().Where(x =>         !methodsToIgnore.Contains(x.Name) &&                              (x.Attributes & MethodAttributes.Final) == 0)         .ToArray(); } private static StringCollection GetMethodsToIgnore() {     return new StringCollection()     {         "ToString",         "GetHashCode",         "Equals",         "GetType"     }; } The GetMethodsToIgnore method string collection contains an array of methods that I don’t want to override. In the GetMethodsToOverride method, you’ll notice a binary AND which is basically saying not to include any methods marked final i.e. not virtual. Creating the MethodInfo for calling the base method This method should hopefully be fairly easy to follow, it’s only function is to create a MethodInfo which points to the correct base method, and with the correct parameters. private static MethodInfo CreateCallBaseMethodInfo<TBase>(MethodInfo method) where TBase : class {     Type[] baseMethodParameterTypes = ParameterHelper.GetParameterTypes(method, method.GetParameters());       return typeof(TBase).GetMethod(        method.Name,        BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic,        null,        baseMethodParameterTypes,        null     ); }   /// <summary> /// Get the parameter types. /// </summary> /// <param name="method">The method.</param> /// <param name="parameters">The parameters.</param> public static Type[] GetParameterTypes(MethodInfo method, ParameterInfo[] parameters) {     Type[] parameterTypesList = Type.EmptyTypes;       if (parameters.Length > 0)     {         parameterTypesList = CreateParametersList(parameters);     }     return parameterTypesList; }   Creating the new private methods for calling the base method The following method outline how I’ve created the private methods for calling the base class method. private static MethodBuilder CreateCallBaseMethodBuilder(TypeBuilder typeBuilder, MethodInfo method) {     string callBaseSuffix = "GetBaseMethod";       if (method.IsGenericMethod || method.IsGenericMethodDefinition)     {                         return MethodHelper.SetUpGenericMethod             (                 typeBuilder,                 method,                 method.Name + callBaseSuffix,                 MethodAttributes.Private | MethodAttributes.HideBySig             );     }     else     {         return MethodHelper.SetupNonGenericMethod             (                 typeBuilder,                 method,                 method.Name + callBaseSuffix,                 MethodAttributes.Private | MethodAttributes.HideBySig             );     } } The CreateCallBaseMethodBuilder is the entry point method for creating the call base method. I’ve added a suffix to the base classes method name to keep it unique. Non Generic Methods Creating a non generic method is fairly simple public static MethodBuilder SetupNonGenericMethod(     TypeBuilder typeBuilder,     MethodInfo method,     string methodName,     MethodAttributes methodAttributes) {     ParameterInfo[] parameters = method.GetParameters();       Type[] parameterTypes = ParameterHelper.GetParameterTypes(method, parameters);       Type returnType = method.ReturnType;       MethodBuilder methodBuilder = CreateMethodBuilder         (             typeBuilder,             method,             methodName,             methodAttributes,             parameterTypes,             returnType         );       ParameterHelper.SetUpParameters(parameterTypes, parameters, methodBuilder);       return methodBuilder; }   private static MethodBuilder CreateMethodBuilder (     TypeBuilder typeBuilder,     MethodInfo method,     string methodName,     MethodAttributes methodAttributes,     Type[] parameterTypes,     Type returnType ) { MethodBuilder methodBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineMethod(methodName, methodAttributes, returnType, parameterTypes); return methodBuilder; } As you can see, you simply have to declare a method builder, get the parameter types, and set the method attributes you want.   Generic Methods Creating generic methods takes a little bit more work. /// <summary> /// Sets up generic method. /// </summary> /// <param name="typeBuilder">The type builder.</param> /// <param name="method">The method.</param> /// <param name="methodName">Name of the method.</param> /// <param name="methodAttributes">The method attributes.</param> public static MethodBuilder SetUpGenericMethod     (         TypeBuilder typeBuilder,         MethodInfo method,         string methodName,         MethodAttributes methodAttributes     ) {     ParameterInfo[] parameters = method.GetParameters();       Type[] parameterTypes = ParameterHelper.GetParameterTypes(method, parameters);       MethodBuilder methodBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineMethod(methodName,         methodAttributes);       Type[] genericArguments = method.GetGenericArguments();       GenericTypeParameterBuilder[] genericTypeParameters =         GetGenericTypeParameters(methodBuilder, genericArguments);       ParameterHelper.SetUpParameterConstraints(parameterTypes, genericTypeParameters);       SetUpReturnType(method, methodBuilder, genericTypeParameters);       if (method.IsGenericMethod)     {         methodBuilder.MakeGenericMethod(genericArguments);     }       ParameterHelper.SetUpParameters(parameterTypes, parameters, methodBuilder);       return methodBuilder; }   private static GenericTypeParameterBuilder[] GetGenericTypeParameters     (         MethodBuilder methodBuilder,         Type[] genericArguments     ) {     return methodBuilder.DefineGenericParameters(GenericsHelper.GetArgumentNames(genericArguments)); }   private static void SetUpReturnType(MethodInfo method, MethodBuilder methodBuilder, GenericTypeParameterBuilder[] genericTypeParameters) {     if (method.IsGenericMethodDefinition)     {         SetUpGenericDefinitionReturnType(method, methodBuilder, genericTypeParameters);     }     else     {         methodBuilder.SetReturnType(method.ReturnType);     } }   private static void SetUpGenericDefinitionReturnType(MethodInfo method, MethodBuilder methodBuilder, GenericTypeParameterBuilder[] genericTypeParameters) {     if (method.ReturnType == null)     {         methodBuilder.SetReturnType(typeof(void));     }     else if (method.ReturnType.IsGenericType)     {         methodBuilder.SetReturnType(genericTypeParameters.Where             (x => x.Name == method.ReturnType.Name).First());     }     else     {         methodBuilder.SetReturnType(method.ReturnType);     }             } Ok, there are a few helper methods missing, basically there is way to much code to put in this post, take a look at the code at http://rapidioc.codeplex.com/ to follow it through completely. Basically though, when dealing with generics there is extra work to do in terms of getting the generic argument types setting up any generic parameter constraints setting up the return type setting up the method as a generic All of the information is easy to get via reflection from the MethodInfo.   Emitting the new private method Emitting the new private method is relatively simple as it’s only function is calling the base method and returning a result if the return type is not void. ILGenerator il = privateMethodBuilder.GetILGenerator();   EmitCallBaseMethod(method, callBaseMethod, il);   private static void EmitCallBaseMethod(MethodInfo method, MethodInfo callBaseMethod, ILGenerator il) {     int privateParameterCount = method.GetParameters().Length;       il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);       if (privateParameterCount > 0)     {         for (int arg = 0; arg < privateParameterCount; arg++)         {             il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_S, arg + 1);         }     }       il.Emit(OpCodes.Call, callBaseMethod);       il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); } So in the main method building method, an ILGenerator is created from the method builder. The ILGenerator performs the following actions: Load the class (this) onto the stack using the hidden argument Ldarg_0. Create an argument on the stack for each of the method parameters (starting at 1 because 0 is the hidden argument) Call the base method using the Opcodes.Call code and the MethodInfo we created earlier. Call return on the method   Conclusion Now we have the private methods prepared for calling the base method, we have reached the last of the relatively easy part of the proxy building. Hopefully, it hasn’t been too hard to follow so far, there is a lot of code so I haven’t been able to post it all so please check it out at http://rapidioc.codeplex.com/. The next section should be up fairly soon, it’s going to cover creating the delegates for calling the private methods created in this post.   Kind Regards, Sean.

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• FOSUserBundle override mapping to remove need for username

  - by musoNic80

  I want to remove the need for a username in the FOSUserBundle. My users will login using an email address only and I've added real name fields as part of the user entity. I realised that I needed to redo the entire mapping as described here. I think I've done it correctly but when I try to submit the registration form I get the error: "Only field names mapped by Doctrine can be validated for uniqueness." The strange thing is that I haven't tried to assert a unique constraint to anything in the user entity. Here is my full user entity file: <?php // src/MyApp/UserBundle/Entity/User.php namespace MyApp\UserBundle\Entity; use FOS\UserBundle\Model\User as BaseUser; use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping as ORM; use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints as Assert; /** * @ORM\Entity * @ORM\Table(name="depbook_user") */ class User extends BaseUser { /** * @ORM\Id * @ORM\Column(type="integer") * @ORM\GeneratedValue(strategy="AUTO") */ protected $id; /** * @ORM\Column(type="string", length=255) * * @Assert\NotBlank(message="Please enter your first name.", groups={"Registration", "Profile"}) * @Assert\MaxLength(limit="255", message="The name is too long.", groups={"Registration", "Profile"}) */ protected $firstName; /** * @ORM\Column(type="string", length=255) * * @Assert\NotBlank(message="Please enter your last name.", groups={"Registration", "Profile"}) * @Assert\MaxLength(limit="255", message="The name is too long.", groups={"Registration", "Profile"}) */ protected $lastName; /** * @ORM\Column(type="string", length=255) * * @Assert\NotBlank(message="Please enter your email address.", groups={"Registration", "Profile"}) * @Assert\MaxLength(limit="255", message="The name is too long.", groups={"Registration", "Profile"}) * @Assert\Email(groups={"Registration"}) */ protected $email; /** * @ORM\Column(type="string", length=255, name="email_canonical", unique=true) */ protected $emailCanonical; /** * @ORM\Column(type="boolean") */ protected $enabled; /** * @ORM\Column(type="string") */ protected $salt; /** * @ORM\Column(type="string") */ protected $password; /** * @ORM\Column(type="datetime", nullable=true, name="last_login") */ protected $lastLogin; /** * @ORM\Column(type="boolean") */ protected $locked; /** * @ORM\Column(type="boolean") */ protected $expired; /** * @ORM\Column(type="datetime", nullable=true, name="expires_at") */ protected $expiresAt; /** * @ORM\Column(type="string", nullable=true, name="confirmation_token") */ protected $confirmationToken; /** * @ORM\Column(type="datetime", nullable=true, name="password_requested_at") */ protected $passwordRequestedAt; /** * @ORM\Column(type="array") */ protected $roles; /** * @ORM\Column(type="boolean", name="credentials_expired") */ protected $credentialsExpired; /** * @ORM\Column(type="datetime", nullable=true, name="credentials_expired_at") */ protected $credentialsExpiredAt; public function __construct() { parent::__construct(); // your own logic } /** * @return string */ public function getFirstName() { return $this->firstName; } /** * @return string */ public function getLastName() { return $this->lastName; } /** * Sets the first name. * * @param string $firstname * * @return User */ public function setFirstName($firstname) { $this->firstName = $firstname; return $this; } /** * Sets the last name. * * @param string $lastname * * @return User */ public function setLastName($lastname) { $this->lastName = $lastname; return $this; } } I've seen various suggestions about this but none of the suggestions seem to work for me. The FOSUserBundle docs are very sparse about what must be a very common request.

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• Migrate from MySQL to PostgreSQL on Linux (Kubuntu)

  - by Dave Jarvis

  A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away... Trying to migrate a database from MySQL to PostgreSQL. All the documentation I have read covers, in great detail, how to migrate the structure. I have found very little documentation on migrating the data. The schema has 13 tables (which have been migrated successfully) and 9 GB of data. MySQL version: 5.1.x PostgreSQL version: 8.4.x I want to use the R programming language to analyze the data using SQL select statements; PostgreSQL has PL/R, but MySQL has nothing (as far as I can tell). A New Hope Create the database location (/var has insufficient space; also dislike having the PostgreSQL version number everywhere -- upgrading would break scripts!): sudo mkdir -p /home/postgres/main sudo cp -Rp /var/lib/postgresql/8.4/main /home/postgres sudo chown -R postgres.postgres /home/postgres sudo chmod -R 700 /home/postgres sudo usermod -d /home/postgres/ postgres All good to here. Next, restart the server and configure the database using these installation instructions: sudo apt-get install postgresql pgadmin3 sudo /etc/init.d/postgresql-8.4 stop sudo vi /etc/postgresql/8.4/main/postgresql.conf Change data_directory to /home/postgres/main sudo /etc/init.d/postgresql-8.4 start sudo -u postgres psql postgres \password postgres sudo -u postgres createdb climate pgadmin3 Use pgadmin3 to configure the database and create a schema. The episode continues in a remote shell known as bash, with both databases running, and the installation of a set of tools with a rather unusual logo: SQL Fairy. perl Makefile.PL sudo make install sudo apt-get install perl-doc (strangely, it is not called perldoc) perldoc SQL::Translator::Manual Extract a PostgreSQL-friendly DDL and all the MySQL data: sqlt -f DBI --dsn dbi:mysql:climate --db-user user --db-password password -t PostgreSQL > climate-pg-ddl.sql mysqldump --skip-add-locks --complete-insert --no-create-db --no-create-info --quick --result-file="climate-my.sql" --databases climate --skip-comments -u root -p The Database Strikes Back Recreate the structure in PostgreSQL as follows: pgadmin3 (switch to it) Click the Execute arbitrary SQL queries icon Open climate-pg-ddl.sql Search for TABLE " replace with TABLE climate." (insert the schema name climate) Search for on " replace with on climate." (insert the schema name climate) Press F5 to execute This results in: Query returned successfully with no result in 122 ms. Replies of the Jedi At this point I am stumped. Where do I go from here (what are the steps) to convert climate-my.sql to climate-pg.sql so that they can be executed against PostgreSQL? How to I make sure the indexes are copied over correctly (to maintain referential integrity; I don't have constraints at the moment to ease the transition)? How do I ensure that adding new rows in PostgreSQL will start enumerating from the index of the last row inserted (and not conflict with an existing primary key from the sequence)? How do you ensure the schema name comes through when transforming the data from MySQL to PostgreSQL inserts? Resources A fair bit of information was needed to get this far: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostgreSQL http://articles.sitepoint.com/article/site-mysql-postgresql-1 http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Converting_from_other_Databases_to_PostgreSQL#MySQL http://pgfoundry.org/frs/shownotes.php?release_id=810 http://sqlfairy.sourceforge.net/ Thank you!

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• Building services with .Net Part 1

  - by Allan Rwakatungu

  On the 26th of May 2010 , I made a presentation to the .NET user group meeting (thanks to Malisa Ncube for organizing this event every month … ). If you missed my presentation , we talked about why we should all be building services … better still using the .NET framework. This blog post is an introduction to services , why you would want to build services and how you can build services using the .NET framework. What is a service? OASIS defines service as "a mechanism to enable access to one or more capabilities, where the access is provided using a prescribed interface and is exercised consistent with constraints and policies as specified by the service description." [1]. If the above definition sounds to academic , you can also define a service as loosely coupled units of functionality that have no calls to each other embedded in the. Instead of services embedding calls to each other in their service code they use defined protocols that describe how services pass and parse messages. This is a good way to think about services if you’re from an objected oriented background. While in object oriented programming functions make calls to each other, in service oriented programming, functions pass messages between each other. Why would you want to use services? 1. If your enterprise architecture looks like this   Services are the building blocks for SOA . With SOA you can move away from the sphaggetti infrastructure that is common in most enterprises. The complexity or lack of visibility of the integration points in your enterprises makes it difficult and costly to implement new initiatives and changes into the business - and even impossible in some cases - as it is not possible to identify the impact a change in one system might have to other systems. With services you can move to an architecture like this Your building blocks from Spaghetti infrastructure to something that is more well-defined and manageable to achieve cost efficiency and not least business agility - enabling you to react to changes in the market with speed and achieve operational efficiency and control are services. 2. If you want to become the Gates or Zuckerburger. Have you heard about Web 2.0 ? Mashups? Software as a service (SAAS) ? Cloud computing ?   They all offer you the opportunity to have scalable but low cost business models and they built using services.  Some of my favorite companies that leverage services for their business models include  https://www.salesforce.com/ (cloud CRM) http://www. twitter.com (more people use twitter clients built by 3rd parties than their official clients) http://www.kayak.com/ (compares data from other travel sites to give information to users in one location) Services with the .NET framework      If you are a .NET developer and you want to develop services, Windows Communication Framework (WCF) is the tool for you. WCF is Microsoft’s unified programming model (service model) for building service oriented applications. ( Before .NET 3.0 you had several models for programming services in .NET including .NET remoting, Web services (ASMX), COM +, Microsoft Messaging queuing (MSMQ) etc, after .NET 3.0 the programming model was unified into one i.e. WCF ). Windows Communication Framework (WCF) provides you 1. An Software Development Kit (SDK) for creating SOA applications 2. A runtime for running services on the Windows platform Why should you use Windows Communication Foundation if you’re programming services?   1. It supports interoperable and open standards e.g. WS* protocols for programming SOAP services 2. It has a unified programming model. Whether you use TCP or Http or Pipes or transmitting using Messaging Queues, programmers need to learn just one way to program. Previously you had .NET remoting, MSMQ, Web services, COM+ and they were all done differently 3. Productive programming model You don’t have to worry about all the plumbing involved to write services. You have a rich declarative programming model to add stuff like logging, transactions, and reliable messages in-built in the Windows Communication Framework. Understanding services in WCF The basic principles of WCF are as easy as ABC A – Address This is where the service is located B- Binding This describes how you communicate with the service e.g. Use TCP, HTTP or both. How to exchange security information with the service etc. C – Contract This defines what the service can do. E.g. Pay water bill, Make a phone call A - Addresses In WCF, an address is a combination of transport, server name, port and path Example addresses may include http://localhost:8001 net.tcp://localhost:8002/MyService net.pipe://localhost/MyPipe net.msmq://localhost/private/MyService net.msmq://localhost/MyService B- Binding   There are numerous ways to communicate with services , different ways that a message can be formatted/sent/secured, that allows you to tailor your service for the compatibility/performance you require for your solution. Transport You can use HTTP TCP MSMQ , Named pipes, Your own custom transport etc Message You  can send a plain text binary, Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism (MTOM) message Communication security No security Transport security Message security Authenticating and authorizing callers etc Behaviour You service can support Transactions Be reliable Use queues Support ajax etc C - Contract You define what your service can do using Service contracts :- Define operations that your service can do, communications and behaviours Data contracts :- Define the messages that are passed from and into your service and how they are formatted Fault contracts :- Defines errors types in your service   As an example, suppose your service service shows money. You define your service contract using a interface [ServiceContract] public interface IShowMeTheMoney {   [OperationContract]    Money Show(); } You define the data contract by annotating a class it with the Data Contract attribute and fields you want to pass in the message as Data Members. (Note:- In the latest versions of WCF you dont have to use attributes if you passing all the objects properties in the message) [DataContract] public Money {   [DataMember]   public string Currency { get; set; }   [DataMember]   public Decimal Amount { get; set; }   public string Comment { get; set; } } Features of Windows Communication Foundation Windows Communication Foundation is not only simple but feature rich , offering you several options to tweak your service to fit your business requirements. Some of the features of WCF include 1. Workflow services You can combine WCF with Windows WorkFlow Foundation (WWF) to write workflow type services 2. Control how your data (messages) are transferred and serialized e.g. you can serialize your business objects as XML or binary 3. control over session management , instance creation and concurrency management without writing code if you like 4. Queues and reliable sessions. You can store messages from the sending client and later forward them to the receiving application. You can also guarantee that messages will arrive at their destincation. 5.Transactions:  You can have different services participate in a transaction operations that can be rolled back if needed 6. Security. WCF has rich features for authorization and authentication  as well as keep audit trails 7. Web programming model. WCF allows developers to expose services as non SOAP endpoints 8. Inbuilt features that you can use to write JSON and services that support AJAX applications And lots more In my next blog I will show you how you can use WCF features to write a real world business service.               Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 ]] /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}

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• Act on click of a button on the Nav Bar for moreNavigationController -- Can't pushviewcontroller

  - by Jann

  Okay, here is my issue: My app has a display of categories in the tab bar at the bottom of the iPhoneOS screen. This only allows 5 categories before it presents the MORE button. I have over 25 (please do not answer this by saying: "Rethink your application...etc" -- that was rudely said before. They are food, drink, etc categories and cannot be changed). I want to allow the user to put their favorites on the home page. The Apple moreNavigationController editing system only allows 20 tab bar items to be rearranged due to space constraints on the editing page. This is not enough so i need to implement my own Editing screen. I set the rightBarButtonItem to nil and created my own. Using NSLog, i can see the "click" happens when clicking the EDIT button, but I cannot push using pushViewController. Nothing happens. I think it has something to do with the navigationController I am addressing...but i am not sure. ps: This all happens in my App Delegate which DOES act as both UITabBarControllerDelegate & UINavigationControllerDelegate. I tried to do the following: - ( void )navigationController:( UINavigationController * )navigationController_local willShowViewController:( UIViewController * )viewController_local animated:( BOOL )animated { UIViewController * currentController = navigationController_local.visibleViewController; UIViewController * nextController = viewController_local; // Do whatever here. NSLog(@"Nav contoller willShowViewController fired\n'%@'\n'%@'\nThere are currently: %d views on the stack\n",currentController,nextController,[self.navigationController.viewControllers count]); if ( [nextController isKindOfClass:NSClassFromString(@"UIMoreListController")]) { UINavigationBar *morenavbar = navigationController_local.navigationBar; UINavigationItem *morenavitem = morenavbar.topItem; morenavitem.rightBarButtonItem = nil; NSLog(@"Is a UIMoreListController\n"); UIBarButtonItem *editTabBarButton = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"Edit" style:UIBarButtonItemStylePlain target:self action:@selector(editTabBar:)]; morenavitem.rightBarButtonItem = editTabBarButton; [editTabBarButton release]; } } This works to place an EDIT button at the top right of the screen -- mimicking Apple's look and feel... but when that button is clicked, you cannot exit the darn moreNavigationController. I have tried many things. UIAlerts work, etc...but pushing (or popping -- even popping to root view) a view controller on the stack does not. - (void) editTabBar:(id)sender { NSLog(@"clicked edit tabbar\n"); NSLog(@"Total count of controllers: %d\n",[self.navigationController.viewControllers count]); TabBarViewController *tabBarViewController2 = [[TabBarViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"TabBarView" bundle:nil]; tabBarViewController2.navigationItem.title=@"Edit Tab Bar"; [self.navigationController pushViewController:tabBarViewController2 animated:YES]; [tabBarViewController2 release]; NSLog(@"finished edit tabbar\n"); } If you click the edit button on the moreNavigationController's display page, you get the log entries like expected AND (this is strange) the views on the stack climbs -- but no page change occurs. I marked it down to not using the correct navigation controller...but I am lost on how to find which one TO use. this is a weird one too. In the edit function if i just do this: - (void) editTabBar:(id)sender { self.tabBarController.selectedIndex = 0; } It DOES take me home (to tabbarcontroller 0) BUT doing this: - (void) editTabBar:(id)sender { [self.navigationController popToRootViewControllerAnimated:YES]; } does not work. Does the moreNavigationController have some special quality that screws with the rest of the system?

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• Best Practices - updated: which domain types should be used to run applications

  - by jsavit

  This post is one of a series of "best practices" notes for Oracle VM Server for SPARC (formerly named Logical Domains). This is an updated and enlarged version of the post on this topic originally posted October 2012. One frequent question "what type of domain should I use to run applications?" There used to be a simple answer: "run applications in guest domains in almost all cases", but now there are more things to consider. Enhancements to Oracle VM Server for SPARC and introduction of systems like the current SPARC servers including the T4 and T5 systems, the Oracle SuperCluster T5-8 and Oracle SuperCluster M6-32 provide scale and performance much higher than the original servers that ran domains. Single-CPU performance, I/O capacity, memory sizes, are much larger now, and far more demanding applications are now being hosted in logical domains. The general advice continues to be "use guest domains in almost all cases", meaning, "use virtual I/O rather than physical I/O", unless there is a specific reason to use the other domain types. The sections below will discuss the criteria for choosing between domain types. Review: division of labor and types of domain Oracle VM Server for SPARC offloads management and I/O functionality from the hypervisor to domains (also called virtual machines), providing a modern alternative to older VM architectures that use a "thick", monolithic hypervisor. This permits a simpler hypervisor design, which enhances reliability, and security. It also reduces single points of failure by assigning responsibilities to multiple system components, further improving reliability and security. Oracle VM Server for SPARC defines the following types of domain, each with their own roles: Control domain - management control point for the server, runs the logical domain daemon and constraints engine, and is used to configure domains and manage resources. The control domain is the first domain to boot on a power-up, is always an I/O domain, and is usually a service domain as well. It doesn't have to be, but there's no reason to not leverage it for virtual I/O services. There is one control domain per T-series system, and one per Physical Domain (PDom) on an M5-32 or M6-32 system. M5 and M6 systems can be physically domained, with logical domains within the physical ones. I/O domain - a domain that has been assigned physical I/O devices. The devices may be one more more PCIe root complexes (in which case the domain is also called a root complex domain). The domain has native access to all the devices on the assigned PCIe buses. The devices can be any device type supported by Solaris on the hardware platform. a SR-IOV (Single-Root I/O Virtualization) function. SR-IOV lets a physical device (also called a physical function) or PF) be subdivided into multiple virtual functions (VFs) which can be individually assigned directly to domains. SR-IOV devices currently can be Ethernet or InfiniBand devices. direct I/O ownership of one or more PCI devices residing in a PCIe bus slot. The domain has direct access to the individual devices An I/O domain has native performance and functionality for the devices it owns, unmediated by any virtualization layer. It may also have virtual devices. Service domain - a domain that provides virtual network and disk devices to guest domains. The services are defined by commands that are run in the control domain. It usually is an I/O domain as well, in order for it to have devices to virtualize and serve out. Guest domain - a domain whose devices are all virtual rather than physical: virtual network and disk devices provided by one or more service domains. In common practice, this is where applications are run. Device considerations Consider the following when choosing between virtual devices and physical devices: Virtual devices provide the best flexibility - they can be dynamically added to and removed from a running domain, and you can have a large number of them up to a per-domain device limit. Virtual devices are compatible with live migration - domains that exclusively have virtual devices can be live migrated between servers supporting domains. On the other hand: Physical devices provide the best performance - in fact, native "bare metal" performance. Virtual devices approach physical device throughput and latency, especially with virtual network devices that can now saturate 10GbE links, but physical devices are still faster. Physical I/O devices do not add load to service domains - all the I/O goes directly from the I/O domain to the device, while virtual I/O goes through service domains, which must be provided sufficient CPU and memory capacity. Physical I/O devices can be other than network and disk - we virtualize network, disk, and serial console, but physical devices can be the wide range of attachable certified devices, including things like tape and CDROM/DVD devices. In some cases the lines are now blurred: virtual devices have better performance than previously: starting with Oracle VM Server for SPARC 3.1 there is near-native virtual network performance. There is more flexibility with physical devices than before: SR-IOV devices can now be dynamically reconfigured on domains. Tradeoffs one used to have to make are now relaxed: you can often have the flexibility of virtual I/O with performance that previously required physical I/O. You can have the performance and isolation of SR-IOV with the ability to dynamically reconfigure it, just like with virtual devices. Typical deployment A service domain is generally also an I/O domain: otherwise it wouldn't have access to physical device "backends" to offer to its clients. Similarly, an I/O domain is also typically a service domain in order to leverage the available PCI buses. Control domains must be I/O domains, because they boot up first on the server and require physical I/O. It's typical for the control domain to also be a service domain too so it doesn't "waste" the I/O resources it uses. A simple configuration consists of a control domain that is also the one I/O and service domain, and some number of guest domains using virtual I/O. In production, customers typically use multiple domains with I/O and service roles to eliminate single points of failure, as described in Availability Best Practices - Avoiding Single Points of Failure . Guest domains have virtual disk and virtual devices provisioned from more than one service domain, so failure of a service domain or I/O path or device does not result in an application outage. This also permits "rolling upgrades" in which service domains are upgraded one at a time while their guests continue to operate without disruption. (It should be noted that resiliency to I/O device failures can also be provided by the single control domain, using multi-path I/O) In this type of deployment, control, I/O, and service domains are used for virtualization infrastructure, while applications run in guest domains. Changing application deployment patterns The above model has been widely and successfully used, but more configuration options are available now. Servers got bigger than the original T2000 class machines with 2 I/O buses, so there is more I/O capacity that can be used for applications. Increased server capacity made it attractive to run more vertically-scaled applications, such as databases, with higher resource requirements than the "light" applications originally seen. This made it attractive to run applications in I/O domains so they could get bare-metal native I/O performance. This is leveraged by the Oracle SuperCluster engineered systems mentioned previously. In those engineered systems, I/O domains are used for high performance applications with native I/O performance for disk and network and optimized access to the Infiniband fabric. Another technical enhancement is Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV), which make it possible to give domains direct connections and native I/O performance for selected I/O devices. Not all I/O domains own PCI complexes, and there are increasingly more I/O domains that are not service domains. They use their I/O connectivity for performance for their own applications. However, there are some limitations and considerations: at this time, a domain using physical I/O cannot be live-migrated to another server. There is also a need to plan for security and introducing unneeded dependencies: if an I/O domain is also a service domain providing virtual I/O to guests, it has the ability to affect the correct operation of its client guest domains. This is even more relevant for the control domain. where the ldm command must be protected from unauthorized (or even mistaken) use that would affect other domains. As a general rule, running applications in the service domain or the control domain should be avoided. For reference, an excellent guide to secure deployment of domains by Stefan Hinker is at Secure Deployment of Oracle VM Server for SPARC. To recap: Guest domains with virtual I/O still provide the greatest operational flexibility, including features like live migration. They should be considered the default domain type to use unless there is a specific requirement that mandates an I/O domain. I/O domains can be used for applications with the highest performance requirements. Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) makes this more attractive by giving direct I/O access to more domains, and by permitting dynamic reconfiguration of SR-IOV devices. Today's larger systems provide multiple PCIe buses - for example, 16 buses on the T5-8 - making it possible to configure multiple I/O domains each owning their own bus. Service domains should in general not be used for applications, because compromised security in the domain, or an outage, can affect domains that depend on it. This concern can be mitigated by providing guests' their virtual I/O from more than one service domain, so interruption of service in one service domain does not cause an application outage. The control domain should in general not be used to run applications, for the same reason. Oracle SuperCluster uses the control domain for applications, but it is an exception. It's not a general purpose environment; it's an engineered system with specifically configured applications and optimization for optimal performance. These are recommended "best practices" based on conversations with a number of Oracle architects. Keep in mind that "one size does not fit all", so you should evaluate these practices in the context of your own requirements. Summary Higher capacity servers that run Oracle VM Server for SPARC are attractive for applications with the most demanding resource requirements. New deployment models permit native I/O performance for demanding applications by running them in I/O domains with direct access to their devices. This is leveraged in SPARC SuperCluster, and can be leveraged in T-series servers to provision high-performance applications running in domains. Carefully planned, this can be used to provide peak performance for critical applications. That said, the improved virtual device performance in Oracle VM Server means that the default choice should still be guest domains with virtual I/O.

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• Performance Optimization &ndash; It Is Faster When You Can Measure It

  - by Alois Kraus

  Performance optimization in bigger systems is hard because the measured numbers can vary greatly depending on the measurement method of your choice. To measure execution timing of specific methods in your application you usually use Time Measurement Method Potential Pitfalls Stopwatch Most accurate method on recent processors. Internally it uses the RDTSC instruction. Since the counter is processor specific you can get greatly different values when your thread is scheduled to another core or the core goes into a power saving mode. But things do change luckily: Intel's Designer's vol3b, section 16.11.1 "16.11.1 Invariant TSC The time stamp counter in newer processors may support an enhancement, referred to as invariant TSC. Processor's support for invariant TSC is indicated by CPUID.80000007H:EDX[8]. The invariant TSC will run at a constant rate in all ACPI P-, C-. and T-states. This is the architectural behavior moving forward. On processors with invariant TSC support, the OS may use the TSC for wall clock timer services (instead of ACPI or HPET timers). TSC reads are much more efficient and do not incur the overhead associated with a ring transition or access to a platform resource." DateTime.Now Good but it has only a resolution of 16ms which can be not enough if you want more accuracy.   Reporting Method Potential Pitfalls Console.WriteLine Ok if not called too often. Debug.Print Are you really measuring performance with Debug Builds? Shame on you. Trace.WriteLine Better but you need to plug in some good output listener like a trace file. But be aware that the first time you call this method it will read your app.config and deserialize your system.diagnostics section which does also take time.   In general it is a good idea to use some tracing library which does measure the timing for you and you only need to decorate some methods with tracing so you can later verify if something has changed for the better or worse. In my previous article I did compare measuring performance with quantum mechanics. This analogy does work surprising well. When you measure a quantum system there is a lower limit how accurately you can measure something. The Heisenberg uncertainty relation does tell us that you cannot measure of a quantum system the impulse and location of a particle at the same time with infinite accuracy. For programmers the two variables are execution time and memory allocations. If you try to measure the timings of all methods in your application you will need to store them somewhere. The fastest storage space besides the CPU cache is the memory. But if your timing values do consume all available memory there is no memory left for the actual application to run. On the other hand if you try to record all memory allocations of your application you will also need to store the data somewhere. This will cost you memory and execution time. These constraints are always there and regardless how good the marketing of tool vendors for performance and memory profilers are: Any measurement will disturb the system in a non predictable way. Commercial tool vendors will tell you they do calculate this overhead and subtract it from the measured values to give you the most accurate values but in reality it is not entirely true. After falling into the trap to trust the profiler timings several times I have got into the habit to Measure with a profiler to get an idea where potential bottlenecks are. Measure again with tracing only the specific methods to check if this method is really worth optimizing. Optimize it Measure again. Be surprised that your optimization has made things worse. Think harder Implement something that really works. Measure again Finished! - Or look for the next bottleneck. Recently I have looked into issues with serialization performance. For serialization DataContractSerializer was used and I was not sure if XML is really the most optimal wire format. After looking around I have found protobuf-net which uses Googles Protocol Buffer format which is a compact binary serialization format. What is good for Google should be good for us. A small sample app to check out performance was a matter of minutes: using ProtoBuf; using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.IO; using System.Reflection; using System.Runtime.Serialization; [DataContract, Serializable] class Data { [DataMember(Order=1)] public int IntValue { get; set; } [DataMember(Order = 2)] public string StringValue { get; set; } [DataMember(Order = 3)] public bool IsActivated { get; set; } [DataMember(Order = 4)] public BindingFlags Flags { get; set; } } class Program { static MemoryStream _Stream = new MemoryStream(); static MemoryStream Stream { get { _Stream.Position = 0; _Stream.SetLength(0); return _Stream; } } static void Main(string[] args) { DataContractSerializer ser = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(Data)); Data data = new Data { IntValue = 100, IsActivated = true, StringValue = "Hi this is a small string value to check if serialization does work as expected" }; var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew(); int Runs = 1000 * 1000; for (int i = 0; i < Runs; i++) { //ser.WriteObject(Stream, data); Serializer.Serialize<Data>(Stream, data); } sw.Stop(); Console.WriteLine("Did take {0:N0}ms for {1:N0} objects", sw.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds, Runs); Console.ReadLine(); } } The results are indeed promising: Serializer Time in ms N objects protobuf-net   807 1000000 DataContract 4402 1000000 Nearly a factor 5 faster and a much more compact wire format. Lets use it! After switching over to protbuf-net the transfered wire data has dropped by a factor two (good) and the performance has worsened by nearly a factor two. How is that possible? We have measured it? Protobuf-net is much faster! As it turns out protobuf-net is faster but it has a cost: For the first time a type is de/serialized it does use some very smart code-gen which does not come for free. Lets try to measure this one by setting of our performance test app the Runs value not to one million but to 1. Serializer Time in ms N objects protobuf-net 85 1 DataContract 24 1 The code-gen overhead is significant and can take up to 200ms for more complex types. The break even point where the code-gen cost is amortized by its faster serialization performance is (assuming small objects) somewhere between 20.000-40.000 serialized objects. As it turned out my specific scenario involved about 100 types and 1000 serializations in total. That explains why the good old DataContractSerializer is not so easy to take out of business. The final approach I ended up was to reduce the number of types and to serialize primitive types via BinaryWriter directly which turned out to be a pretty good alternative. It sounded good until I measured again and found that my optimizations so far do not help much. After looking more deeper at the profiling data I did found that one of the 1000 calls did take 50% of the time. So how do I find out which call it was? Normal profilers do fail short at this discipline. A (totally undeserved) relatively unknown profiler is SpeedTrace which does unlike normal profilers create traces of your applications by instrumenting your IL code at runtime. This way you can look at the full call stack of the one slow serializer call to find out if this stack was something special. Unfortunately the call stack showed nothing special. But luckily I have my own tracing as well and I could see that the slow serializer call did happen during the serialization of a bool value. When you encounter after much analysis something unreasonable you cannot explain it then the chances are good that your thread was suspended by the garbage collector. If there is a problem with excessive GCs remains to be investigated but so far the serialization performance seems to be mostly ok.  When you do profile a complex system with many interconnected processes you can never be sure that the timings you just did measure are accurate at all. Some process might be hitting the disc slowing things down for all other processes for some seconds as well. There is a big difference between warm and cold startup. If you restart all processes you can basically forget the first run because of the OS disc cache, JIT and GCs make the measured timings very flexible. When you are in need of a random number generator you should measure cold startup times of a sufficiently complex system. After the first run you can try again getting different and much lower numbers. Now try again at least two times to get some feeling how stable the numbers are. Oh and try to do the same thing the next day. It might be that the bottleneck you found yesterday is gone today. Thanks to GC and other random stuff it can become pretty hard to find stuff worth optimizing if no big bottlenecks except bloatloads of code are left anymore. When I have found a spot worth optimizing I do make the code changes and do measure again to check if something has changed. If it has got slower and I am certain that my change should have made it faster I can blame the GC again. The thing is that if you optimize stuff and you allocate less objects the GC times will shift to some other location. If you are unlucky it will make your faster working code slower because you see now GCs at times where none were before. This is where the stuff does get really tricky. A safe escape hatch is to create a repro of the slow code in an isolated application so you can change things fast in a reliable manner. Then the normal profilers do also start working again. As Vance Morrison does point out it is much more complex to profile a system against the wall clock compared to optimize for CPU time. The reason is that for wall clock time analysis you need to understand how your system does work and which threads (if you have not one but perhaps 20) are causing a visible delay to the end user and which threads can wait a long time without affecting the user experience at all. Next time: Commercial profiler shootout.

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• Operator of the week - Assert

  - by Fabiano Amorim

  Well my friends, I was wondering how to help you in a practical way to understand execution plans. So I think I'll talk about the Showplan Operators. Showplan Operators are used by the Query Optimizer (QO) to build the query plan in order to perform a specified operation. A query plan will consist of many physical operators. The Query Optimizer uses a simple language that represents each physical operation by an operator, and each operator is represented in the graphical execution plan by an icon. I'll try to talk about one operator every week, but so as to avoid having to continue to write about these operators for years, I'll mention only of those that are more common: The first being the Assert. The Assert is used to verify a certain condition, it validates a Constraint on every row to ensure that the condition was met. If, for example, our DDL includes a check constraint which specifies only two valid values for a column, the Assert will, for every row, validate the value passed to the column to ensure that input is consistent with the check constraint. Assert  and Check Constraints: Let's see where the SQL Server uses that information in practice. Take the following T-SQL: IF OBJECT_ID('Tab1') IS NOT NULL   DROP TABLE Tab1 GO CREATE TABLE Tab1(ID Integer, Gender CHAR(1))  GO  ALTER TABLE TAB1 ADD CONSTRAINT ck_Gender_M_F CHECK(Gender IN('M','F'))  GO INSERT INTO Tab1(ID, Gender) VALUES(1,'X') GO To the command above the SQL Server has generated the following execution plan: As we can see, the execution plan uses the Assert operator to check that the inserted value doesn't violate the Check Constraint. In this specific case, the Assert applies the rule, 'if the value is different to "F" and different to "M" than return 0 otherwise returns NULL'. The Assert operator is programmed to show an error if the returned value is not NULL; in other words, the returned value is not a "M" or "F". Assert checking Foreign Keys Now let's take a look at an example where the Assert is used to validate a foreign key constraint. Suppose we have this  query: ALTER TABLE Tab1 ADD ID_Genders INT GO  IF OBJECT_ID('Tab2') IS NOT NULL   DROP TABLE Tab2 GO CREATE TABLE Tab2(ID Integer PRIMARY KEY, Gender CHAR(1))  GO  INSERT INTO Tab2(ID, Gender) VALUES(1, 'F') INSERT INTO Tab2(ID, Gender) VALUES(2, 'M') INSERT INTO Tab2(ID, Gender) VALUES(3, 'N') GO  ALTER TABLE Tab1 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_Tab2 FOREIGN KEY (ID_Genders) REFERENCES Tab2(ID) GO  INSERT INTO Tab1(ID, ID_Genders, Gender) VALUES(1, 4, 'X') Let's look at the text execution plan to see what these Assert operators were doing. To see the text execution plan just execute SET SHOWPLAN_TEXT ON before run the insert command. |--Assert(WHERE:(CASE WHEN NOT [Pass1008] AND [Expr1007] IS NULL THEN (0) ELSE NULL END))      |--Nested Loops(Left Semi Join, PASSTHRU:([Tab1].[ID_Genders] IS NULL), OUTER REFERENCES:([Tab1].[ID_Genders]), DEFINE:([Expr1007] = [PROBE VALUE]))           |--Assert(WHERE:(CASE WHEN [Tab1].[Gender]<>'F' AND [Tab1].[Gender]<>'M' THEN (0) ELSE NULL END))           |    |--Clustered Index Insert(OBJECT:([Tab1].[PK]), SET:([Tab1].[ID] = RaiseIfNullInsert([@1]),[Tab1].[ID_Genders] = [@2],[Tab1].[Gender] = [Expr1003]), DEFINE:([Expr1003]=CONVERT_IMPLICIT(char(1),[@3],0)))           |--Clustered Index Seek(OBJECT:([Tab2].[PK]), SEEK:([Tab2].[ID]=[Tab1].[ID_Genders]) ORDERED FORWARD) Here we can see the Assert operator twice, first (looking down to up in the text plan and the right to left in the graphical plan) validating the Check Constraint. The same concept showed above is used, if the exit value is "0" than keep running the query, but if NULL is returned shows an exception. The second Assert is validating the result of the Tab1 and Tab2 join. It is interesting to see the "[Expr1007] IS NULL". To understand that you need to know what this Expr1007 is, look at the Probe Value (green text) in the text plan and you will see that it is the result of the join. If the value passed to the INSERT at the column ID_Gender exists in the table Tab2, then that probe will return the join value; otherwise it will return NULL. So the Assert is checking the value of the search at the Tab2; if the value that is passed to the INSERT is not found  then Assert will show one exception. If the value passed to the column ID_Genders is NULL than the SQL can't show a exception, in that case it returns "0" and keeps running the query. If you run the INSERT above, the SQL will show an exception because of the "X" value, but if you change the "X" to "F" and run again, it will show an exception because of the value "4". If you change the value "4" to NULL, 1, 2 or 3 the insert will be executed without any error. Assert checking a SubQuery: The Assert operator is also used to check one subquery. As we know, one scalar subquery can't validly return more than one value: Sometimes, however, a  mistake happens, and a subquery attempts to return more than one value . Here the Assert comes into play by validating the condition that a scalar subquery returns just one value. Take the following query: INSERT INTO Tab1(ID_TipoSexo, Sexo) VALUES((SELECT ID_TipoSexo FROM Tab1), 'F')    INSERT INTO Tab1(ID_TipoSexo, Sexo) VALUES((SELECT ID_TipoSexo FROM Tab1), 'F')    |--Assert(WHERE:(CASE WHEN NOT [Pass1016] AND [Expr1015] IS NULL THEN (0) ELSE NULL END))        |--Nested Loops(Left Semi Join, PASSTHRU:([tempdb].[dbo].[Tab1].[ID_TipoSexo] IS NULL), OUTER REFERENCES:([tempdb].[dbo].[Tab1].[ID_TipoSexo]), DEFINE:([Expr1015] = [PROBE VALUE]))              |--Assert(WHERE:([Expr1017]))             |    |--Compute Scalar(DEFINE:([Expr1017]=CASE WHEN [tempdb].[dbo].[Tab1].[Sexo]<>'F' AND [tempdb].[dbo].[Tab1].[Sexo]<>'M' THEN (0) ELSE NULL END))              |         |--Clustered Index Insert(OBJECT:([tempdb].[dbo].[Tab1].[PK__Tab1__3214EC277097A3C8]), SET:([tempdb].[dbo].[Tab1].[ID_TipoSexo] = [Expr1008],[tempdb].[dbo].[Tab1].[Sexo] = [Expr1009],[tempdb].[dbo].[Tab1].[ID] = [Expr1003]))              |              |--Top(TOP EXPRESSION:((1)))              |                   |--Compute Scalar(DEFINE:([Expr1008]=[Expr1014], [Expr1009]='F'))              |                        |--Nested Loops(Left Outer Join)              |                             |--Compute Scalar(DEFINE:([Expr1003]=getidentity((1856985942),(2),NULL)))              |                             |    |--Constant Scan              |                             |--Assert(WHERE:(CASE WHEN [Expr1013]>(1) THEN (0) ELSE NULL END))              |                                  |--Stream Aggregate(DEFINE:([Expr1013]=Count(*), [Expr1014]=ANY([tempdb].[dbo].[Tab1].[ID_TipoSexo])))             |                                       |--Clustered Index Scan(OBJECT:([tempdb].[dbo].[Tab1].[PK__Tab1__3214EC277097A3C8]))              |--Clustered Index Seek(OBJECT:([tempdb].[dbo].[Tab2].[PK__Tab2__3214EC27755C58E5]), SEEK:([tempdb].[dbo].[Tab2].[ID]=[tempdb].[dbo].[Tab1].[ID_TipoSexo]) ORDERED FORWARD)  You can see from this text showplan that SQL Server as generated a Stream Aggregate to count how many rows the SubQuery will return, This value is then passed to the Assert which then does its job by checking its validity. Is very interesting to see that  the Query Optimizer is smart enough be able to avoid using assert operators when they are not necessary. For instance: INSERT INTO Tab1(ID_TipoSexo, Sexo) VALUES((SELECT ID_TipoSexo FROM Tab1 WHERE ID = 1), 'F') INSERT INTO Tab1(ID_TipoSexo, Sexo) VALUES((SELECT TOP 1 ID_TipoSexo FROM Tab1), 'F')  For both these INSERTs, the Query Optimiser is smart enough to know that only one row will ever be returned, so there is no need to use the Assert. Well, that's all folks, I see you next week with more "Operators". Cheers, Fabiano

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• ASP.NET MVC 2 / Localization / Dynamic Default Value?

  - by cyberblast

  Hello In an ASP.NET MVC 2 application, i'm having a route like this: routes.MapRoute( "Default", // Route name "{lang}/{controller}/{action}/{id}", // URL with parameters new // Parameter defaults { controller = "Home", action = "Index", lang = "de", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new { lang = new AllowedValuesRouteConstraint(new string[] { "de", "en", "fr", "it" }, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase) } Now, basically I would like to set the thread's culture according the language passed in. But there is one exception: If the user requests the page for the first time, like calling "http://www.mysite.com" I want to set the initial language if possible to the one "preferred by the browser". How can I distinguish in an early procesing stage (like global.asax), if the default parameter has been set because of the default value or mentioned explicit through the URL? (I would prefer a solution where the request URL is not getting parsed). Is there a way to dynamically provide a default-value for a paramter? Something like a hook? Or where can I override the default value (good application event?). This is the code i'm actually experimenting with: protected void Application_AcquireRequestState(object sender, EventArgs e) { string activeLanguage; string[] validLanguages; string defaultLanguage; string browsersPreferredLanguage; try { HttpContextBase contextBase = new HttpContextWrapper(Context); RouteData activeRoute = RouteTable.Routes.GetRouteData(new HttpContextWrapper(Context)); if (activeRoute == null) { return; } activeLanguage = activeRoute.GetRequiredString("lang"); Route route = (Route)activeRoute.Route; validLanguages = ((AllowedValuesRouteConstraint)route.Constraints["lang"]).AllowedValues; defaultLanguage = route.Defaults["lang"].ToString(); browsersPreferredLanguage = GetBrowsersPreferredLanguage(); //TODO: Better way than parsing the url bool defaultInitialized = contextBase.Request.Url.ToString().IndexOf(string.Format("/{0}/", defaultLanguage), StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase) > -1; string languageToActivate = defaultLanguage; if (!defaultInitialized) { if (validLanguages.Contains(browsersPreferredLanguage, StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase)) { languageToActivate = browsersPreferredLanguage; } } //TODO: Where and how to overwrtie the default value that it gets passed to the controller? contextBase.RewritePath(contextBase.Request.Path.Replace("/de/", "/en/")); SetLanguage(languageToActivate); } catch (Exception ex) { //TODO: Log Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); } } protected string GetBrowsersPreferredLanguage() { string acceptedLang = string.Empty; if (HttpContext.Current.Request.UserLanguages != null && HttpContext.Current.Request.UserLanguages.Length > 0) { acceptedLang = HttpContext.Current.Request.UserLanguages[0].Substring(0, 2); } return acceptedLang; } protected void SetLanguage(string languageToActivate) { CultureInfo cultureInfo = new CultureInfo(languageToActivate); if (!Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture.TwoLetterISOLanguageName.Equals(languageToActivate, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase)) { Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = cultureInfo; } if (!Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.TwoLetterISOLanguageName.Equals(languageToActivate, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase)) { Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = CultureInfo.CreateSpecificCulture(cultureInfo.Name); } } The RouteConstraint to reproduce the sample: public class AllowedValuesRouteConstraint : IRouteConstraint { private string[] _allowedValues; private StringComparison _stringComparism; public string[] AllowedValues { get { return _allowedValues; } } public AllowedValuesRouteConstraint(string[] allowedValues, StringComparison stringComparism) { _allowedValues = allowedValues; _stringComparism = stringComparism; } public AllowedValuesRouteConstraint(string[] allowedValues) { _allowedValues = allowedValues; _stringComparism = StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase; } public bool Match(HttpContextBase httpContext, Route route, string parameterName, RouteValueDictionary values, RouteDirection routeDirection) { if (_allowedValues != null) { return _allowedValues.Any(a => a.Equals(values[parameterName].ToString(), _stringComparism)); } else { return false; } } } Can someone help me out with that problem? Thanks, Martin

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• Managing highly repetitive code and documentation in Java

  - by polygenelubricants

  Highly repetitive code is generally a bad thing, and there are design patterns that can help minimize this. However, sometimes it's simply inevitable due to the constraints of the language itself. Take the following example from java.util.Arrays: /** * Assigns the specified long value to each element of the specified * range of the specified array of longs. The range to be filled * extends from index <tt>fromIndex</tt>, inclusive, to index * <tt>toIndex</tt>, exclusive. (If <tt>fromIndex==toIndex</tt>, the * range to be filled is empty.) * * @param a the array to be filled * @param fromIndex the index of the first element (inclusive) to be * filled with the specified value * @param toIndex the index of the last element (exclusive) to be * filled with the specified value * @param val the value to be stored in all elements of the array * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <tt>fromIndex &gt; toIndex</tt> * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if <tt>fromIndex &lt; 0</tt> or * <tt>toIndex &gt; a.length</tt> */ public static void fill(long[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex, long val) { rangeCheck(a.length, fromIndex, toIndex); for (int i=fromIndex; i<toIndex; i++) a[i] = val; } The above snippet appears in the source code 8 times, with very little variation in the documentation/method signature but exactly the same method body, one for each of the root array types int[], short[], char[], byte[], boolean[], double[], float[], and Object[]. I believe that unless one resorts to reflection (which is an entirely different subject in itself), this repetition is inevitable. I understand that as a utility class, such high concentration of repetitive Java code is highly atypical, but even with the best practice, repetition does happen! Refactoring doesn't always work because it's not always possible (the obvious case is when the repetition is in the documentation). Obviously maintaining this source code is a nightmare. A slight typo in the documentation, or a minor bug in the implementation, is multiplied by however many repetitions was made. In fact, the best example happens to involve this exact class: Google Research Blog - Extra, Extra - Read All About It: Nearly All Binary Searches and Mergesorts are Broken (by Joshua Bloch, Software Engineer) The bug is a surprisingly subtle one, occurring in what many thought to be just a simple and straightforward algorithm. // int mid =(low + high) / 2; // the bug int mid = (low + high) >>> 1; // the fix The above line appears 11 times in the source code! So my questions are: How are these kinds of repetitive Java code/documentation handled in practice? How are they developed, maintained, and tested? Do you start with "the original", and make it as mature as possible, and then copy and paste as necessary and hope you didn't make a mistake? And if you did make a mistake in the original, then just fix it everywhere, unless you're comfortable with deleting the copies and repeating the whole replication process? And you apply this same process for the testing code as well? Would Java benefit from some sort of limited-use source code preprocessing for this kind of thing? Perhaps Sun has their own preprocessor to help write, maintain, document and test these kind of repetitive library code? A comment requested another example, so I pulled this one from Google Collections: com.google.common.base.Predicates lines 276-310 (AndPredicate) vs lines 312-346 (OrPredicate). The source for these two classes are identical, except for: AndPredicate vs OrPredicate (each appears 5 times in its class) "And(" vs Or(" (in the respective toString() methods) #and vs #or (in the @see Javadoc comments) true vs false (in apply; ! can be rewritten out of the expression) -1 /* all bits on */ vs 0 /* all bits off */ in hashCode() &= vs |= in hashCode()

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• MySQL "ERROR 1005 (HY000): Can't create table 'foo.#sql-12c_4' (errno: 150)"

  - by Ankur Banerjee

  Hi, I was working on creating some tables in database foo, but every time I end up with errno 150 regarding the foreign key. Firstly, here's my code for creating tables: CREATE TABLE Clients ( client_id CHAR(10) NOT NULL , client_name CHAR(50) NOT NULL , provisional_license_num CHAR(50) NOT NULL , client_address CHAR(50) NULL , client_city CHAR(50) NULL , client_county CHAR(50) NULL , client_zip CHAR(10) NULL , client_phone INT NULL , client_email CHAR(255) NULL , client_dob DATETIME NULL , test_attempts INT NULL ); CREATE TABLE Applications ( application_id CHAR(10) NOT NULL , office_id INT NOT NULL , client_id CHAR(10) NOT NULL , instructor_id CHAR(10) NOT NULL , car_id CHAR(10) NOT NULL , application_date DATETIME NULL ); CREATE TABLE Instructors ( instructor_id CHAR(10) NOT NULL , office_id INT NOT NULL , instructor_name CHAR(50) NOT NULL , instructor_address CHAR(50) NULL , instructor_city CHAR(50) NULL , instructor_county CHAR(50) NULL , instructor_zip CHAR(10) NULL , instructor_phone INT NULL , instructor_email CHAR(255) NULL , instructor_dob DATETIME NULL , lessons_given INT NULL ); CREATE TABLE Cars ( car_id CHAR(10) NOT NULL , office_id INT NOT NULL , engine_serial_num CHAR(10) NULL , registration_num CHAR(10) NULL , car_make CHAR(50) NULL , car_model CHAR(50) NULL ); CREATE TABLE Offices ( office_id INT NOT NULL , office_address CHAR(50) NULL , office_city CHAR(50) NULL , office_County CHAR(50) NULL , office_zip CHAR(10) NULL , office_phone INT NULL , office_email CHAR(255) NULL ); CREATE TABLE Lessons ( lesson_num INT NOT NULL , client_id CHAR(10) NOT NULL , date DATETIME NOT NULL , time DATETIME NOT NULL , milegage_used DECIMAL(5, 2) NULL , progress CHAR(50) NULL ); CREATE TABLE DrivingTests ( test_num INT NOT NULL , client_id CHAR(10) NOT NULL , test_date DATETIME NOT NULL , seat_num INT NOT NULL , score INT NULL , test_notes CHAR(255) NULL ); ALTER TABLE Clients ADD PRIMARY KEY (client_id); ALTER TABLE Applications ADD PRIMARY KEY (application_id); ALTER TABLE Instructors ADD PRIMARY KEY (instructor_id); ALTER TABLE Offices ADD PRIMARY KEY (office_id); ALTER TABLE Lessons ADD PRIMARY KEY (lesson_num); ALTER TABLE DrivingTests ADD PRIMARY KEY (test_num); ALTER TABLE Applications ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Applications_Offices FOREIGN KEY (office_id) REFERENCES Offices (office_id); ALTER TABLE Applications ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Applications_Clients FOREIGN KEY (client_id) REFERENCES Clients (client_id); ALTER TABLE Applications ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Applications_Instructors FOREIGN KEY (instructor_id) REFERENCES Instructors (instructor_id); ALTER TABLE Applications ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Applications_Cars FOREIGN KEY (car_id) REFERENCES Cars (car_id); ALTER TABLE Lessons ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Lessons_Clients FOREIGN KEY (client_id) REFERENCES Clients (client_id); ALTER TABLE Cars ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Cars_Offices FOREIGN KEY (office_id) REFERENCES Offices (office_id); ALTER TABLE Clients ADD CONSTRAINT FK_DrivingTests_Clients FOREIGN KEY (client_id) REFERENCES Clients (client_id); These are the errors that I get: mysql> ALTER TABLE Applications ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Applications_Cars FOREIGN KEY (car_id) REFERENCES Cars (car_id); ERROR 1005 (HY000): Can't create table 'foo.#sql-12c_4' (errno: 150) I ran SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS which gives a more detailed error description: ------------------------ LATEST FOREIGN KEY ERROR ------------------------ 100509 20:59:49 Error in foreign key constraint of table practice9/#sql-12c_4: FOREIGN KEY (car_id) REFERENCES Cars (car_id): Cannot find an index in the referenced table where the referenced columns appear as the first columns, or column types in the table and the referenced table do not match for constraint. Note that the internal storage type of ENUM and SET changed in tables created with >= InnoDB-4.1.12, and such columns in old tables cannot be referenced by such columns in new tables. See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/innodb-foreign-key-constraints.html for correct foreign key definition. ------------ I searched around on StackOverflow and elsewhere online - came across a helpful blog post here with pointers on how to resolve this error - but I can't figure out what's going wrong. Any help would be appreciated!

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• My Dijit DateTimeCombo widget doesn't send selected value on form submission

  - by david bessire

  i need to create a Dojo widget that lets users specify date & time. i found a sample implementation attached to an entry in the Dojo bug tracker. It looks nice and mostly works, but when i submit the form, the value sent by the client is not the user-selected value but the value sent from the server. What changes do i need to make to get the widget to submit the date & time value? Sample usage is to render a JSP with basic HTML tags (form & input), then dojo.addOnLoad a function which selects the basic elements by ID, adds dojoType attribute, and dojo.parser.parse()-es the page. Thanks in advance. The widget is implemented in two files. The application uses Dojo 1.3. File 1: DateTimeCombo.js dojo.provide("dojox.form.DateTimeCombo"); dojo.require("dojox.form._DateTimeCombo"); dojo.require("dijit.form._DateTimeTextBox"); dojo.declare( "dojox.form.DateTimeCombo", dijit.form._DateTimeTextBox, { baseClass: "dojoxformDateTimeCombo dijitTextBox", popupClass: "dojox.form._DateTimeCombo", pickerPostOpen: "pickerPostOpen_fn", _selector: 'date', constructor: function (argv) {}, postMixInProperties: function() { dojo.mixin(this.constraints, { /* datePattern: 'MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm:ss', timePattern: 'HH:mm:ss', */ datePattern: 'MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm', timePattern: 'HH:mm', clickableIncrement:'T00:15:00', visibleIncrement:'T00:15:00', visibleRange:'T01:00:00' }); this.inherited(arguments); }, _open: function () { this.inherited(arguments); if (this._picker!==null && (this.pickerPostOpen!==null && this.pickerPostOpen!=="")) { if (this._picker.pickerPostOpen_fn!==null) { this._picker.pickerPostOpen_fn(this); } } } } ); File 2: _DateTimeCombo.js dojo.provide("dojox.form._DateTimeCombo"); dojo.require("dojo.date.stamp"); dojo.require("dijit._Widget"); dojo.require("dijit._Templated"); dojo.require("dijit._Calendar"); dojo.require("dijit.form.TimeTextBox"); dojo.require("dijit.form.Button"); dojo.declare("dojox.form._DateTimeCombo", [dijit._Widget, dijit._Templated], { // invoked only if time picker is empty defaultTime: function () { var res= new Date(); res.setHours(0,0,0); return res; }, // id of this table below is the same as this.id templateString: " <table class=\"dojoxDateTimeCombo\" waiRole=\"presentation\">\ <tr class=\"dojoxTDComboCalendarContainer\">\ <td>\ <center><input dojoAttachPoint=\"calendar\" dojoType=\"dijit._Calendar\"></input></center>\ </td>\ </tr>\ <tr class=\"dojoxTDComboTimeTextBoxContainer\">\ <td>\ <center><input dojoAttachPoint=\"timePicker\" dojoType=\"dijit.form.TimeTextBox\"></input></center>\ </td>\ </tr>\ <tr><td><center><button dojoAttachPoint=\"ctButton\" dojoType=\"dijit.form.Button\">Ok</button></center></td></tr>\ </table>\ ", widgetsInTemplate: true, constructor: function(arg) {}, postMixInProperties: function() { this.inherited(arguments); }, postCreate: function() { this.inherited(arguments); this.connect(this.ctButton, "onClick", "_onValueSelected"); }, // initialize pickers to calendar value pickerPostOpen_fn: function (parent_inst) { var parent_value = parent_inst.attr('value'); if (parent_value !== null) { this.setValue(parent_value); } }, // expects a valid date object setValue: function(value) { if (value!==null) { this.calendar.attr('value', value); this.timePicker.attr('value', value); } }, // return a Date constructed date in calendar & time in time picker. getValue: function() { var value = this.calendar.attr('value'); var result=value; if (this.timePicker.value !== null) { if ((this.timePicker.value instanceof Date) === true) { result.setHours(this.timePicker.value.getHours(), this.timePicker.value.getMinutes(), this.timePicker.value.getSeconds()); return result; } } else { var defTime=this.defaultTime(); result.setHours(defTime.getHours(), defTime.getMinutes(), defTime.getSeconds()); return result; } }, _onValueSelected: function() { var value = this.getValue(); this.onValueSelected(value); }, onValueSelected: function(value) {} });

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• Where'd My Data Go? (and/or...How Do I Get Rid of It?)

  - by David Paquette

  Want to get a better idea of how cascade deletes work in Entity Framework Code First scenarios? Want to see it in action? Stick with us as we quickly demystify what happens when you tell your data context to nuke a parent entity. This post is authored by Calgary .NET User Group Leader David Paquette with help from Microsoft MVP in Asp.Net James Chambers. We got to spend a great week back in March at Prairie Dev Con West, chalk full of sessions, presentations, workshops, conversations and, of course, questions.  One of the questions that came up during my session: "How does Entity Framework Code First deal with cascading deletes?". James and I had different thoughts on what the default was, if it was different from SQL server, if it was the same as EF proper and if there was a way to override whatever the default was.  So we built a set of examples and figured out that the answer is simple: it depends.  (Download Samples) Consider the example of a hockey league. You have several different entities in the league including games, teams that play the games and players that make up the teams. Each team also has a mascot.  If you delete a team, we need a couple of things to happen: The team, games and mascot will be deleted, and The players for that team will remain in the league (and therefore the database) but they should no longer be assigned to a team. So, let's make this start to come together with a look at the default behaviour in SQL when using an EDMX-driven project. The Reference – Understanding EF's Behaviour with an EDMX/DB First Approach First up let’s take a look at the DB first approach.  In the database, we defined 4 tables: Teams, Players, Mascots, and Games.  We also defined 4 foreign keys as follows: Players.Team_Id (NULL) –> Teams.Id Mascots.Id (NOT NULL) –> Teams.Id (ON DELETE CASCADE) Games.HomeTeam_Id (NOT NULL) –> Teams.Id Games.AwayTeam_Id (NOT NULL) –> Teams.Id Note that by specifying ON DELETE CASCADE for the Mascots –> Teams foreign key, the database will automatically delete the team’s mascot when the team is deleted.  While we want the same behaviour for the Games –> Teams foreign keys, it is not possible to accomplish this using ON DELETE CASCADE in SQL Server.  Specifying a ON DELETE CASCADE on these foreign keys would cause a circular reference error: The series of cascading referential actions triggered by a single DELETE or UPDATE must form a tree that contains no circular references. No table can appear more than one time in the list of all cascading referential actions that result from the DELETE or UPDATE – MSDN When we create an entity data model from the above database, we get the following:   In order to get the Games to be deleted when the Team is deleted, we need to specify End1 OnDelete action of Cascade for the HomeGames and AwayGames associations.   Now, we have an Entity Data Model that accomplishes what we set out to do.  One caveat here is that Entity Framework will only properly handle the cascading delete when the the players and games for the team have been loaded into memory.  For a more detailed look at Cascade Delete in EF Database First, take a look at this blog post by Alex James.   Building The Same Sample with EF Code First Next, we're going to build up the model with the code first approach.  EF Code First is defined on the Ado.Net team blog as such: Code First allows you to define your model using C# or VB.Net classes, optionally additional configuration can be performed using attributes on your classes and properties or by using a Fluent API. Your model can be used to generate a database schema or to map to an existing database. Entity Framework Code First follows some conventions to determine when to cascade delete on a relationship.  More details can be found on MSDN: If a foreign key on the dependent entity is not nullable, then Code First sets cascade delete on the relationship. If a foreign key on the dependent entity is nullable, Code First does not set cascade delete on the relationship, and when the principal is deleted the foreign key will be set to null. The multiplicity and cascade delete behavior detected by convention can be overridden by using the fluent API. For more information, see Configuring Relationships with Fluent API (Code First). Our DbContext consists of 4 DbSets: public DbSet<Team> Teams { get; set; } public DbSet<Player> Players { get; set; } public DbSet<Mascot> Mascots { get; set; } public DbSet<Game> Games { get; set; } When we set the Mascot –> Team relationship to required, Entity Framework will automatically delete the Mascot when the Team is deleted.  This can be done either using the [Required] data annotation attribute, or by overriding the OnModelCreating method of your DbContext and using the fluent API. Data Annotations: public class Mascot { public int Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } [Required] public virtual Team Team { get; set; } } Fluent API: protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder) { modelBuilder.Entity<Mascot>().HasRequired(m => m.Team); } The Player –> Team relationship is automatically handled by the Code First conventions. When a Team is deleted, the Team property for all the players on that team will be set to null.  No additional configuration is required, however all the Player entities must be loaded into memory for the cascading to work properly. The Game –> Team relationship causes some grief in our Code First example.  If we try setting the HomeTeam and AwayTeam relationships to required, Entity Framework will attempt to set On Cascade Delete for the HomeTeam and AwayTeam foreign keys when creating the database tables.  As we saw in the database first example, this causes a circular reference error and throws the following SqlException: Introducing FOREIGN KEY constraint 'FK_Games_Teams_AwayTeam_Id' on table 'Games' may cause cycles or multiple cascade paths. Specify ON DELETE NO ACTION or ON UPDATE NO ACTION, or modify other FOREIGN KEY constraints. Could not create constraint. To solve this problem, we need to disable the default cascade delete behaviour using the fluent API: protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder) { modelBuilder.Entity<Mascot>().HasRequired(m => m.Team); modelBuilder.Entity<Team>() .HasMany(t => t.HomeGames) .WithRequired(g => g.HomeTeam) .WillCascadeOnDelete(false); modelBuilder.Entity<Team>() .HasMany(t => t.AwayGames) .WithRequired(g => g.AwayTeam) .WillCascadeOnDelete(false); base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder); } Unfortunately, this means we need to manually manage the cascade delete behaviour.  When a Team is deleted, we need to manually delete all the home and away Games for that Team. foreach (Game awayGame in jets.AwayGames.ToArray()) { entities.Games.Remove(awayGame); } foreach (Game homeGame in homeGames) { entities.Games.Remove(homeGame); } entities.Teams.Remove(jets); entities.SaveChanges();   Overriding the Defaults – When and How To As you have seen, the default behaviour of Entity Framework Code First can be overridden using the fluent API.  This can be done by overriding the OnModelCreating method of your DbContext, or by creating separate model override files for each entity.  More information is available on MSDN.   Going Further These were simple examples but they helped us illustrate a couple of points. First of all, we were able to demonstrate the default behaviour of Entity Framework when dealing with cascading deletes, specifically how entity relationships affect the outcome. Secondly, we showed you how to modify the code and control the behaviour to get the outcome you're looking for. Finally, we showed you how easy it is to explore this kind of thing, and we're hoping that you get a chance to experiment even further. For example, did you know that: Entity Framework Code First also works seamlessly with SQL Azure (MSDN) Database creation defaults can be overridden using a variety of IDatabaseInitializers  (Understanding Database Initializers) You can use Code Based migrations to manage database upgrades as your model continues to evolve (MSDN) Next Steps There's no time like the present to start the learning, so here's what you need to do: Get up-to-date in Visual Studio 2010 (VS2010 | SP1) or Visual Studio 2012 (VS2012) Build yourself a project to try these concepts out (or download the sample project) Get into the community and ask questions! There are a ton of great resources out there and community members willing to help you out (like these two guys!). Good luck! About the Authors David Paquette works as a lead developer at P2 Energy Solutions in Calgary, Alberta where he builds commercial software products for the energy industry.  Outside of work, David enjoys outdoor camping, fishing, and skiing. David is also active in the software community giving presentations both locally and at conferences. David also serves as the President of Calgary .Net User Group. James Chambers crafts software awesomeness with an incredible team at LogiSense Corp, based in Cambridge, Ontario. A husband, father and humanitarian, he is currently residing in the province of Manitoba where he resists the urge to cheer for the Jets and maintains he allegiance to the Calgary Flames. When he's not active with the family, outdoors or volunteering, you can find James speaking at conferences and user groups across the country about web development and related technologies.

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• Launch configuration for an Eclipse RCP project

  - by ekebsi

  I am new to Eclipse and have been asked to make some changes to an RCP project. Now I can not get it to run. Unfortunately I cannot contact the author to get some help. I would appreciate an hint which could lead to the solution. When I lunch the application I get following log message: !ENTRY org.eclipse.osgi 2 0 2012-11-07 09:03:45.878 !MESSAGE One or more bundles are not resolved because the following root constraints are not resolved: !SUBENTRY 1 org.eclipse.osgi 2 0 2012-11-07 09:03:45.878 !MESSAGE Bundle update@plugins/org.eclipse.team.core.nl1_3.3.0.I20070607.jar was not resolved. !SUBENTRY 2 org.eclipse.team.core.nl1 2 0 2012-11-07 09:03:45.878 !MESSAGE Missing host org.eclipse.team.core_[3.2.0,4.0.0). !SUBENTRY 1 org.eclipse.osgi 2 0 2012-11-07 09:03:45.878 !MESSAGE Bundle update@plugins/org.eclipse.emf.edit.ui.nl1_2.3.0.v200706262000.jar was not resolved. !SUBENTRY 2 org.eclipse.emf.edit.ui.nl1 2 0 2012-11-07 09:03:45.878 !MESSAGE Missing host org.eclipse.emf.edit.ui_[2.0.0,4.0.0). !SUBENTRY 1 org.eclipse.osgi 2 0 2012-11-07 09:03:45.878 !MESSAGE Bundle update@plugins/org.eclipse.team.ui.nl1_3.3.0.I20070607.jar was not resolved. !SUBENTRY 2 org.eclipse.team.ui.nl1 2 0 2012-11-07 09:03:45.878 !MESSAGE Missing host org.eclipse.team.ui_[3.2.0,4.0.0). !SUBENTRY 1 org.eclipse.osgi 2 0 2012-11-07 09:03:45.878 !MESSAGE Bundle update@plugins/org.eclipse.rcp.nl1_3.2.0.v20070612.jar was not resolved. !SUBENTRY 2 org.eclipse.rcp.nl1 2 0 2012-11-07 09:03:45.878 !MESSAGE Missing host org.eclipse.rcp_[3.2.0,4.0.0). !SUBENTRY 1 org.eclipse.osgi 2 0 2012-11-07 09:03:45.878 !MESSAGE Bundle update@plugins/org.eclipse.ui.win32.nl1_3.2.100.I20070319-0010.jar was not resolved. !SUBENTRY 2 org.eclipse.ui.win32.nl1 2 0 2012-11-07 09:03:45.878 !MESSAGE Missing host org.eclipse.ui.win32_[3.2.0,4.0.0). !ENTRY org.eclipse.osgi 2 0 2012-11-07 09:03:45.878 !MESSAGE The following is a complete list of bundles which are not resolved, see the prior log entry for the root cause if it exists: !SUBENTRY 1 org.eclipse.osgi 2 0 2012-11-07 09:03:45.878 !MESSAGE Bundle update@plugins/org.eclipse.emf.edit.ui.nl1_2.3.0.v200706262000.jar [29] was not resolved. !SUBENTRY 2 org.eclipse.emf.edit.ui.nl1 2 0 2012-11-07 09:03:45.878 !MESSAGE Missing host org.eclipse.emf.edit.ui_[2.0.0,4.0.0). !SUBENTRY 1 org.eclipse.osgi 2 0 2012-11-07 09:03:45.878 !MESSAGE Bundle update@plugins/org.eclipse.team.ui.nl1_3.3.0.I20070607.jar [45] was not resolved. !SUBENTRY 2 org.eclipse.team.ui.nl1 2 0 2012-11-07 09:03:45.878 !MESSAGE Missing host org.eclipse.team.ui_[3.2.0,4.0.0). !SUBENTRY 1 org.eclipse.osgi 2 0 2012-11-07 09:03:45.878 !MESSAGE Bundle update@plugins/org.eclipse.ui.win32.nl1_3.2.100.I20070319-0010.jar [66] was not resolved. !SUBENTRY 2 org.eclipse.ui.win32.nl1 2 0 2012-11-07 09:03:45.878 !MESSAGE Missing host org.eclipse.ui.win32_[3.2.0,4.0.0). !SUBENTRY 1 org.eclipse.osgi 2 0 2012-11-07 09:03:45.878 !MESSAGE Bundle update@plugins/org.eclipse.team.core.nl1_3.3.0.I20070607.jar [83] was not resolved. !SUBENTRY 2 org.eclipse.team.core.nl1 2 0 2012-11-07 09:03:45.878 !MESSAGE Missing host org.eclipse.team.core_[3.2.0,4.0.0). !SUBENTRY 1 org.eclipse.osgi 2 0 2012-11-07 09:03:45.878 !MESSAGE Bundle update@plugins/org.eclipse.rcp.nl1_3.2.0.v20070612.jar [124] was not resolved. !SUBENTRY 2 org.eclipse.rcp.nl1 2 0 2012-11-07 09:03:45.878 !MESSAGE Missing host org.eclipse.rcp_[3.2.0,4.0.0). I am using a windows 7 Enterprise 64 (4GB) and Eclipse Juno 64.

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• CodePlex Daily Summary for Monday, January 03, 2011

  CodePlex Daily Summary for Monday, January 03, 2011Popular ReleasesStyleCop for ReSharper: StyleCop for ReSharper 5.1.14977.000: Prerequisites: ============== o Visual Studio 2008 / Visual Studio 2010 o ReSharper 5.1.1753.4 o StyleCop 4.4.1.2 Preview This release adds no new features, has bug fixes around performance and unhandled errors reported on YouTrack.Morphine: Morphine Alpha Build 30: - Optimization - Some fixes with playlists - Added kinetic scrolling to tracklist view - Updated animations - Added controls to tracklist view Media opens by clicking "No media" or song title now.BloodSim: BloodSim - 1.3.1.0: - Restructured simulation log back end to something less stupid to drastically reduce simulation time and memory usage - Removed a debug log entry that was left over from testing of 1.3.0.0 - Fixed a rounding and calculation error with Haste rating - Added option for Rune of SwordshatteringDbDocument: DbDoc Initial Version: DbDoc Initial versionUltimateJB: UltimateJB 2.03 PL3 KAKAROTO: Voici une version attendu avec impatience pour beaucoup : - La version PL3 KAKAROTO intégre ses dernières modification et intégre maintenant le firmware 2.43 !!! Conclusion : - ultimateJB DEFAULT => Pas de spoof mais disponible pour les PS3 suivantes : 3.41_kiosk 3.41 3.40 3.30 3.21 3.15 3.10 3.01 2.76 2.70 2.60 2.53 2.43ASP .NET MVC CMS (Content Management System): Atomic CMS 2.1.2: Atomic CMS 2.1.2 release notes Atomic CMS installation guide Kind Of Magic MSBuild Task: Beta 4: Update to keep up with latest bug fixes. To those who don't like Magic/NoMagic attributes, you may change these names in KindOfMagic.targets file: Change this line: <MagicTask Assembly="@(IntermediateAssembly)" References="@(ReferencePath)"/> to something like this: <MagicTask Assembly="@(IntermediateAssembly)" References="@(ReferencePath)" MagicAttribute="MyMagicAttribute" NoMagicAttribute="MyNoMagicAttribute"/>N2 CMS: 2.1: N2 is a lightweight CMS framework for ASP.NET. It helps you build great web sites that anyone can update. Major Changes Support for auto-implemented properties ({get;set;}, based on contribution by And Poulsen) All-round improvements and bugfixes File manager improvements (multiple file upload, resize images to fit) New image gallery Infinite scroll paging on news Content templates First time with N2? Try the demo site Download one of the template packs (above) and open the proj...Wii Backup Fusion: Wii Backup Fusion 1.0: - Norwegian translation - French translation - German translation - WBFS dump for analysis - Scalable full HQ cover - Support for log file - Load game images improved - Support for image splitting - Diff for images after transfer - Support for scrubbing modes - Search functionality for log - Recurse depth for Files/Load - Show progress while downloading game cover - Supports more databases for cover download - Game cover loading routines improvedAutoLoL: AutoLoL v1.5.1: Fix: Fixed a bug where pressing Save As would not select the Mastery Directory by default Unexpected errors are now always reported to the user before closing AutoLoL down.* Extracted champion data to Data directory** Added disclaimer to notify users this application has nothing to do with Riot Games Inc. Updated Codeplex image * An error report will be shown to the user which can help the developers to find out what caused the error, this should improve support ** We are working on ...Random password generator written in F#.: VS 2010 solution + exe: Download a VS 2010 solution (unzip before opening) or a ready to go exe.TortoiseHg: TortoiseHg 1.1.8: TortoiseHg 1.1.8 is a minor bug fix release, with minor improvementsBlogEngine.NET: BlogEngine.NET 2.0: Get DotNetBlogEngine for 3 Months Free! Click Here for More Info 3 Months FREE – BlogEngine.NET Hosting – Click Here! If you want to set up and start using BlogEngine.NET right away, you should download the Web project. If you want to extend or modify BlogEngine.NET, you should download the source code. If you are upgrading from a previous version of BlogEngine.NET, please take a look at the Upgrading to BlogEngine.NET 2.0 instructions. To get started, be sure to check out our installatio...EnhSim: EnhSim 2.2.8 ALPHA: 2.2.8 ALPHAThis release supports WoW patch 4.03a at level 85 To use this release, you must have the Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 Redistributable Package installed. This can be downloaded from http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?FamilyID=A7B7A05E-6DE6-4D3A-A423-37BF0912DB84 To use the GUI you must have the .NET 4.0 Framework installed. This can be downloaded from http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?FamilyID=9cfb2d51-5ff4-4491-b0e5-b386f32c0992 Rebuilt Feral Spir...Free Silverlight & WPF Chart Control - Visifire: Visifire SL and WPF Charts v3.6.6 Released: Hi, Today we are releasing final version of Visifire, v3.6.6 with the following new feature: * TextDecorations property is implemented in Title for Chart. * TitleTextDecorations property is implemented in Axis. * MinPointHeight property is now applicable for Column and Bar Charts. Also this release includes few bug fixes: * ToolTipText property of DataSeries was not getting applied from Style. * Chart threw exception if IndicatorEnabled property was set to true and Too...StyleCop Compliant Visual Studio Code Snippets: Visual Studio Code Snippets - January 2011: StyleCop Compliant Visual Studio Code Snippets Visual Studio 2010 provides C# developers with 38 code snippets, enhancing developer productivty and increasing the consistency of the code. Within this project the original code snippets have been refactored to provide StyleCop compliant versions of the original code snippets while also adding many new code snippets. Within the January 2011 release you'll find 82 code snippets to make you more productive and the code you write more consistent!...WPF Application Framework (WAF): WPF Application Framework (WAF) 2.0.0.2: Version: 2.0.0.2 (Milestone 2): This release contains the source code of the WPF Application Framework (WAF) and the sample applications. Requirements .NET Framework 4.0 (The package contains a solution file for Visual Studio 2010) The unit test projects require Visual Studio 2010 Professional Remark The sample applications are using Microsoft’s IoC container MEF. However, the WPF Application Framework (WAF) doesn’t force you to use the same IoC container in your application. You can use ...Cosmos (C# Open Source Managed Operating System): 71406: This is the second release supporting the full line of Visual Studio 2010 editions. Changes since release 71246 include: Debug info is now stored in a single .cpdb file (which is a Firebird database) Keyboard input works now (using Console.ReadLine) Console colors work (using Console.ForegroundColor and .BackgroundColor)Paint.NET PSD Plugin: 1.6.0: Handling of layer masks has been greatly improved. Improved reliability. Many PSD files that previously loaded in as garbage will now load in correctly. Parallelized loading. PSD files containing layer masks will load in a bit quicker thanks to the removal of the sequential bottleneck. Hidden layers are no longer made visible on save. Many thanks to the users who helped expose the layer masks problem: Rob Horowitz, M_Lyons10. Please keep sending in those bug reports and PSD repro files!Facebook C# SDK: 4.1.1: From 4.1.1 Release: Authentication bug fix caused by facebook change (error with redirects in Safari) Authenticator fix, always returning true From 4.1.0 Release Lots of bug fixes Removed Dynamic Runtime Language dependencies from non-dynamic platforms. Samples included in release for ASP.NET, MVC, Silverlight, Windows Phone 7, WPF, WinForms, and one Visual Basic Sample Changed internal serialization to use Json.net BREAKING CHANGE: Canvas Session is no longer supported. Use Signed...New ProjectsAndroid Battery Indicator: Small widget that shows the battery life as a percentageBudget: A personal exploration into C#. A quickly thrown together project that allows you to track expenses by week. MS Access back end.Cafeteria Dotnetnuke Module: Simple Dotnetnuke Module about Managing Cafeteria. This module was applied at Ho Chi Minh City International University Portal Website.E Book Database & Organizer: This Is a project to organize ebooks and retrive information about them very fast.Later a free e-library software may be developed based on this project. This project mainly developed with visual C#2008express edition.It also can compiled by mono. It use SQLite as database. GrowlWebBridge: Using c# Growl connector library, accept notification parameters via querystring and fire off to Growl. I'm personally using it to have my Vera 2 (www.micasaverde.com) send growls when things happen.JakoPiste: N/AJAudit: Static analysis for java programs. Helps audit java code. Reports possible code improvements. 100% C#.Morphine: Morphine is a nice WPF media player with Android Honeycomb interface.NUnit test template for VS2010 Express MVC 2: This is an attempt to create a set of template of NUnit (a test framework) for MVC 2 in Visual Studio 2010 Express.Orchard Image Field Module: Orchard Image Field Module adds a new Image editor to content type management. PDB2MOBI batch convert: Converts PDB files to MOBI format in batch. Used primary to convert large PDB libraries for Kindle.Random password generator written in F#.: A password generator that creates random and strong passwords. It's developed in F#. Robots Routing using Swarm Intelligence: A project to simulate and test a multiagent algorithm for finding multiple noisy radiation Sources with spatial and communication constraints with an emulated environment with different parameters and conditions. sanmei: sanmeiServer DateTime: Server DateTime renders the date and time from the server and make it active using javascript. It is in Military Time Format.Windows K: Microsoft Imagine Cup 2011 Project

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• Nightmare: Upgrading Tomcat 5.5 to 6.0

  - by pavanlimo

  I'm trying to upgrade a perfectly running embedded Tomcat 5.5 to Tomcat 6.0. I understand that all I need to do is replace Tomcat 5.5 jars with 6.0. That's what I did. So I replaced the following jars: catalina-5.0.28.jar catalina-5.5.9.jar catalina-optional-5.5.9.jar commons-el.jar commons-modeler-1.1.0.jar jasper-compiler-jdt.jar jasper-compiler.jar jasper-runtime.jar jmx-5.0.28.jar jsp-api-2.0.jar naming-factory.jar naming-resources.jar servlet-api-2.4.jar servlets-default.jar tomcat-coyote.jar tomcat-http.jar tomcat-util.jar with: annotations-api.jar catalina.jar jasper.jar tomcat-dbcp.jar catalina-ant.jar el-api.jar jsp-api.jar tomcat-i18n-es.jar catalina-ha.jar jasper-el.jar servlet-api.jar tomcat-i18n-fr.jar catalina-tribes.jar jasper-jdt.jar tomcat-coyote.jar tomcat-i18n-ja.jar tomcat-juli.jar As soon as I start the server, I get the following message in the logs at INFO level: INFO: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/6.0.29 Dec 31, 2010 6:04:18 AM org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader validateJarFile INFO: validateJarFile(/usr/local/blah/blue/./WEB-INF/lib/servlet-api.jar) - jar not loaded. See Servlet Spec 2.3, section 9.7.2. Offending class: javax/servlet/Servlet.class Based on the this explanation, I need to remove a jar file which has a conflicting Servlet.class. I swear to God, there is no other conflicting jar file, I grepped system wide for Servlet.class, it matched only servlet-api.jar. I also downloaded javaee.jar and replaced it by servlet-api.jar, to same avail. Having tried lot of these stuff, I did not have much to look upto, so set the tomcat logging level to ALL. In the log I could see that it is trying to check for Servlet.class in each and every jar it is loading until it finds servlet-api.jar and throws "jar not loaded" message as soon as it finds servlet-api.jar. See below: FINE: Checking for javax/servlet/Servlet.class Jan 2, 2011 7:39:33 AM org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappLoader setRepositories FINE: Deploy JAR /WEB-INF/lib/servlet-api.jar to /usr/local/blah/blue/./WEB-INF/lib/servlet-api.jar Jan 2, 2011 7:39:33 AM org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader addJar FINE: addJar(/WEB-INF/lib/servlet-api.jar) Jan 2, 2011 7:39:33 AM org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader validateJarFile FINE: Checking for javax/servlet/Servlet.class Jan 2, 2011 7:39:33 AM org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader validateJarFile INFO: validateJarFile(/usr/local/blah/blue/./WEB-INF/lib/servlet-api.jar) - jar not loaded. See Servlet Spec 2.3, section 9.7.2. Offending class: javax/servlet/Servlet.class Jan 2, 2011 7:39:33 AM org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappLoader setRepositories Please note however, that Tomcat starts successfully! And as soon as I hit the URL on the browser, I get blank page(this may be in my case only, I guess 'cuz of my web.xml, sorta different from most. Other people on the internet have got Error 404 instead.) with following log statements(at finest level) Jan 2, 2011 9:40:01 AM org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter parseSessionCookiesId FINE: Requested cookie session id is 0FBA716E3F9B0147C3AF7ABAE3B1C27B Jan 2, 2011 9:40:01 AM org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase invoke FINE: Security checking request GET /login.jsp Jan 2, 2011 9:40:01 AM org.apache.catalina.realm.RealmBase findSecurityConstraints FINE: Checking constraint 'SecurityConstraint[protected]' against GET /login.jsp --> false Jan 2, 2011 9:40:01 AM org.apache.catalina.realm.RealmBase findSecurityConstraints FINE: Checking constraint 'SecurityConstraint[protected]' against GET /login.jsp --> false Jan 2, 2011 9:40:01 AM org.apache.catalina.realm.RealmBase findSecurityConstraints FINE: Checking constraint 'SecurityConstraint[protected]' against GET /login.jsp --> false Jan 2, 2011 9:40:01 AM org.apache.catalina.realm.RealmBase findSecurityConstraints FINE: Checking constraint 'SecurityConstraint[protected]' against GET /login.jsp --> false Jan 2, 2011 9:40:01 AM org.apache.catalina.realm.RealmBase findSecurityConstraints FINE: No applicable constraint located Jan 2, 2011 9:40:01 AM org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase invoke FINE: Not subject to any constraint Jan 2, 2011 9:40:01 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper allocate FINEST: Returning non-STM instance I'm not sure if the above log message is important, but I'm for all-out disclosure here. One interesting thing though, I manually created a dummy jsp file containing only "helloooo" just outside WEB-INF folder(no security constraints for this file). This file was accessible and could be displayed. But, all my jsp's and classes are inside WEB-INF(ofcourse). Sick and tired of this issue, please help me solve it. I've already spent 20-24 hours on this unsuccessfully. Any pointers directions hints leads?

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• Taming Hopping Windows

  - by Roman Schindlauer

  At first glance, hopping windows seem fairly innocuous and obvious. They organize events into windows with a simple periodic definition: the windows have some duration d (e.g. a window covers 5 second time intervals), an interval or period p (e.g. a new window starts every 2 seconds) and an alignment a (e.g. one of those windows starts at 12:00 PM on March 15, 2012 UTC). var wins = xs     .HoppingWindow(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5),                    TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2),                    new DateTime(2012, 3, 15, 12, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc)); Logically, there is a window with start time a + np and end time a + np + d for every integer n. That’s a lot of windows. So why doesn’t the following query (always) blow up? var query = wins.Select(win => win.Count()); A few users have asked why StreamInsight doesn’t produce output for empty windows. Primarily it’s because there is an infinite number of empty windows! (Actually, StreamInsight uses DateTimeOffset.MaxValue to approximate “the end of time” and DateTimeOffset.MinValue to approximate “the beginning of time”, so the number of windows is lower in practice.) That was the good news. Now the bad news. Events also have duration. Consider the following simple input: var xs = this.Application                 .DefineEnumerable(() => new[]                     { EdgeEvent.CreateStart(DateTimeOffset.UtcNow, 0) })                 .ToStreamable(AdvanceTimeSettings.IncreasingStartTime); Because the event has no explicit end edge, it lasts until the end of time. So there are lots of non-empty windows if we apply a hopping window to that single event! For this reason, we need to be careful with hopping window queries in StreamInsight. Or we can switch to a custom implementation of hopping windows that doesn’t suffer from this shortcoming. The alternate window implementation produces output only when the input changes. We start by breaking up the timeline into non-overlapping intervals assigned to each window. In figure 1, six hopping windows (“Windows”) are assigned to six intervals (“Assignments”) in the timeline. Next we take input events (“Events”) and alter their lifetimes (“Altered Events”) so that they cover the intervals of the windows they intersect. In figure 1, you can see that the first event e1 intersects windows w1 and w2 so it is adjusted to cover assignments a1 and a2. Finally, we can use snapshot windows (“Snapshots”) to produce output for the hopping windows. Notice however that instead of having six windows generating output, we have only four. The first and second snapshots correspond to the first and second hopping windows. The remaining snapshots however cover two hopping windows each! While in this example we saved only two events, the savings can be more significant when the ratio of event duration to window duration is higher. Figure 1: Timeline The implementation of this strategy is straightforward. We need to set the start times of events to the start time of the interval assigned to the earliest window including the start time. Similarly, we need to modify the end times of events to the end time of the interval assigned to the latest window including the end time. The following snap-to-boundary function that rounds a timestamp value t down to the nearest value t' <= t such that t' is a + np for some integer n will be useful. For convenience, we will represent both DateTime and TimeSpan values using long ticks: static long SnapToBoundary(long t, long a, long p) {     return t - ((t - a) % p) - (t > a ? 0L : p); } How do we find the earliest window including the start time for an event? It’s the window following the last window that does not include the start time assuming that there are no gaps in the windows (i.e. duration < interval), and limitation of this solution. To find the end time of that antecedent window, we need to know the alignment of window ends: long e = a + (d % p); Using the window end alignment, we are finally ready to describe the start time selector: static long AdjustStartTime(long t, long e, long p) {     return SnapToBoundary(t, e, p) + p; } To find the latest window including the end time for an event, we look for the last window start time (non-inclusive): public static long AdjustEndTime(long t, long a, long d, long p) {     return SnapToBoundary(t - 1, a, p) + p + d; } Bringing it together, we can define the translation from events to ‘altered events’ as in Figure 1: public static IQStreamable<T> SnapToWindowIntervals<T>(IQStreamable<T> source, TimeSpan duration, TimeSpan interval, DateTime alignment) {     if (source == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("source");     // reason about DateTime and TimeSpan in ticks     long d = Math.Min(DateTime.MaxValue.Ticks, duration.Ticks);     long p = Math.Min(DateTime.MaxValue.Ticks, Math.Abs(interval.Ticks));     // set alignment to earliest possible window     var a = alignment.ToUniversalTime().Ticks % p;     // verify constraints of this solution     if (d <= 0L) { throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("duration"); }     if (p == 0L || p > d) { throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("interval"); }     // find the alignment of window ends     long e = a + (d % p);     return source.AlterEventLifetime(         evt => ToDateTime(AdjustStartTime(evt.StartTime.ToUniversalTime().Ticks, e, p)),         evt => ToDateTime(AdjustEndTime(evt.EndTime.ToUniversalTime().Ticks, a, d, p)) -             ToDateTime(AdjustStartTime(evt.StartTime.ToUniversalTime().Ticks, e, p))); } public static DateTime ToDateTime(long ticks) {     // just snap to min or max value rather than under/overflowing     return ticks < DateTime.MinValue.Ticks         ? new DateTime(DateTime.MinValue.Ticks, DateTimeKind.Utc)         : ticks > DateTime.MaxValue.Ticks         ? new DateTime(DateTime.MaxValue.Ticks, DateTimeKind.Utc)         : new DateTime(ticks, DateTimeKind.Utc); } Finally, we can describe our custom hopping window operator: public static IQWindowedStreamable<T> HoppingWindow2<T>(     IQStreamable<T> source,     TimeSpan duration,     TimeSpan interval,     DateTime alignment) {     if (source == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("source"); }     return SnapToWindowIntervals(source, duration, interval, alignment).SnapshotWindow(); } By switching from HoppingWindow to HoppingWindow2 in the following example, the query returns quickly rather than gobbling resources and ultimately failing! public void Main() {     var start = new DateTimeOffset(new DateTime(2012, 6, 28), TimeSpan.Zero);     var duration = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5);     var interval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2);     var alignment = new DateTime(2012, 3, 15, 12, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc);     var events = this.Application.DefineEnumerable(() => new[]     {         EdgeEvent.CreateStart(start.AddSeconds(0), "e0"),         EdgeEvent.CreateStart(start.AddSeconds(1), "e1"),         EdgeEvent.CreateEnd(start.AddSeconds(1), start.AddSeconds(2), "e1"),         EdgeEvent.CreateStart(start.AddSeconds(3), "e2"),         EdgeEvent.CreateStart(start.AddSeconds(9), "e3"),         EdgeEvent.CreateEnd(start.AddSeconds(3), start.AddSeconds(10), "e2"),         EdgeEvent.CreateEnd(start.AddSeconds(9), start.AddSeconds(10), "e3"),     }).ToStreamable(AdvanceTimeSettings.IncreasingStartTime);     var adjustedEvents = SnapToWindowIntervals(events, duration, interval, alignment);     var query = from win in HoppingWindow2(events, duration, interval, alignment)                 select win.Count();     DisplayResults(adjustedEvents, "Adjusted Events");     DisplayResults(query, "Query"); } As you can see, instead of producing a massive number of windows for the open start edge e0, a single window is emitted from 12:00:15 AM until the end of time: Adjusted Events StartTime EndTime Payload 6/28/2012 12:00:01 AM 12/31/9999 11:59:59 PM e0 6/28/2012 12:00:03 AM 6/28/2012 12:00:07 AM e1 6/28/2012 12:00:05 AM 6/28/2012 12:00:15 AM e2 6/28/2012 12:00:11 AM 6/28/2012 12:00:15 AM e3 Query StartTime EndTime Payload 6/28/2012 12:00:01 AM 6/28/2012 12:00:03 AM 1 6/28/2012 12:00:03 AM 6/28/2012 12:00:05 AM 2 6/28/2012 12:00:05 AM 6/28/2012 12:00:07 AM 3 6/28/2012 12:00:07 AM 6/28/2012 12:00:11 AM 2 6/28/2012 12:00:11 AM 6/28/2012 12:00:15 AM 3 6/28/2012 12:00:15 AM 12/31/9999 11:59:59 PM 1 Regards, The StreamInsight Team

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• CodePlex Daily Summary for Tuesday, June 25, 2013

  CodePlex Daily Summary for Tuesday, June 25, 2013Popular ReleasesCrmRestKit.js: CrmRestKit-2.6.1.js: Improvments for "ByQueryAll": Instead of defering unit all records are loaded, the progress-handler is invoked for each 50 records Added "progress-handler" support for "ByQueryAll" See: http://api.jquery.com/deferred.notify/* See Unit-tests for details ('Retrieve all with progress notification')VG-Ripper & PG-Ripper: VG-Ripper 2.9.44: changes NEW: Added Support for "ImgChili.net" links FIXED: Auto UpdaterMinesweeper by S. Joshi: Minesweeper 1.0.0.1: Zipped!Alfa: Alfa.Common 1.0.4923: Removed useless property ErrorMessage from StringRegularExpressionValidationRule Repaired ErrorWindow and disabled report button after click action Implemented: DateTimeRangeValidationRule DateTimeValidationRule DateValidationRule NotEmptyValidationRule NotNullValidationRule RequiredValidationRule StringMaxLengthValidationRule StringMinLengthValidationRule TimeValidationRule DateTimeToStringConverter DecimalToStringConverter StringToDateTimeConverter StringToDecima...Document.Editor: 2013.25: What's new for Document.Editor 2013.25: Improved Spell Check support Improved User Interface Minor Bug Fix's, improvements and speed upsStyleMVVM: 3.0.2: This is a minor feature and bug fix release Features: ExportWhenDebuggerIsAttacedAttribute - new attribute that marks an attribute to only be exported when the debugger is attahced InjectedFilterAttributeFilterProvider - new Attribute Filter provider for MVC that injects the attributes Performance Improvements - minor speed improvements all over, and Import collections is now 50% faster Bug Fixes: Open Generic Constraints are now respected when finding exports Fix for fluent registrat...Base64 File Converter: First release: - One file can be converted at a time. - Bytes to Base64 and Base64 to Bytes conversions are availableADExtractor - work with Active-Directory: V1.3.0.2: 1.3.0.2- added optional value-index to properties - added new aggregation "Literal" to pass-through values - added new SQL commandline-switch --db to override the connection string - added new global commandline-switch --quiet to reduce output to minimum 1.3.0.1- sub-property resolution now working with aggregation (ie. All(member.objectGuid)) 1.3.0.0- added correct formatting for guids (GuidFormatter)EMICHAG: EMICHAG NETMF 4.2: Alpha release of the 4.2 version.WPF Composites: Version 4.3.0: In this Beta release, I broke my code out into two separate projects. There is a core FasterWPF.dll with the minimal required functionality. This can run with only the Aero.dll and the Rx .dll's. Then, I have a FasterWPFExtras .dll that requires and supports the Extended WPF Toolkit™ Community Edition V 1.9.0 (including Xceed DataGrid) and the Thriple .dll. This is for developers who want more . . . Finally, you may notice the other OPTIONAL .dll's available in the download such as the Dyn...Windows.Forms.Controls Revisited (SSTA.WinForms): SSTA.WinForms 1.0.0: Latest stable releaseAscend 3D: Ascend 2.0: Release notes: Implemented bone/armature animation Refactored class hierarchy and naming Addressed high CPU usage issue during animation Updated the Blender exporter and Ascend model format (now XML) Created AscendViewer, a tool for viewing Ascend modelsIndent Guides for Visual Studio: Indent Guides v13: ImportantThis release does not support Visual Studio 2010. The latest stable release for VS 2010 is v12.1. Version History Changed in v13 Added page width guide lines Added guide highlighting options Fixed guides appearing over collapsed blocks Fixed guides not appearing in newly opened files Fixed some potential crashes Fixed lines going through pragma statements Various updates for VS 2012 and VS 2013 Removed VS 2010 support Changed in v12.1: Fixed crash when unable to start...Fluent Ribbon Control Suite: Fluent Ribbon Control Suite 2.1.0 - Prerelease d: Fluent Ribbon Control Suite 2.1.0 - Prerelease d(supports .NET 3.5, 4.0 and 4.5) Includes: Fluent.dll (with .pdb and .xml) Showcase Application Samples (not for .NET 3.5) Foundation (Tabs, Groups, Contextual Tabs, Quick Access Toolbar, Backstage) Resizing (ribbon reducing & enlarging principles) Galleries (Gallery in ContextMenu, InRibbonGallery) MVVM (shows how to use this library with Model-View-ViewModel pattern) KeyTips ScreenTips Toolbars ColorGallery *Walkthrough (do...Magick.NET: Magick.NET 6.8.5.1001: Magick.NET compiled against ImageMagick 6.8.5.10. Breaking changes: - MagickNET.Initialize has been made obsolete because the ImageMagick files in the directory are no longer necessary. - MagickGeometry is no longer IDisposable. - Renamed dll's so they include the platform name. - Image profiles can now only be accessed and modified with ImageProfile classes. - Renamed DrawableBase to Drawable. - Removed Args part of PathArc/PathCurvetoArgs/PathQuadraticCurvetoArgs classes. The...Three-Dimensional Maneuver Gear for Minecraft: TDMG 1.1.0.0 for 1.5.2: CodePlex???(????????) ?????????(???1/4) ??????????? ?????????? ???????????(??????????) ??????????????????????? ↑????、?????????????????????(???????) ???、??????????、?????????????????????、????????1.5?????????? Shift+W(????)??????????????????10°、?10°(?????????)???Hyper-V Management Pack Extensions 2012: HyperVMPE2012 (v1.0.1.126): Hyper-V Management Pack Extensions 2012 Beta ReleaseOutlook 2013 Add-In: Email appointments: This new version includes the following changes: - Ability to drag emails to the calendar to create appointments. Will gather all the recipients from all the emails and create an appointment on the day you drop the emails, with the text and subject of the last selected email (if more than one selected). - Increased maximum of numbers to display appointments to 30. You will have to uninstall the previous version (add/remove programs) if you had installed it before. Before unzipping the file...Caliburn Micro: WPF, Silverlight, WP7 and WinRT/Metro made easy.: Caliburn.Micro v1.5.2: v1.5.2 - This is a service release. We've fixed a number of issues with Tasks and IoC. We've made some consistency improvements across platforms and fixed a number of minor bugs. See changes.txt for details. Packages Available on Nuget Caliburn.Micro – The full framework compiled into an assembly. Caliburn.Micro.Start - Includes Caliburn.Micro plus a starting bootstrapper, view model and view. Caliburn.Micro.Container – The Caliburn.Micro inversion of control container (IoC); source code...SQL Compact Query Analyzer: 1.0.1.1511: Beta build of SQL Compact Query Analyzer Bug fixes: - Resolved issue where the application crashes when loading a database that contains tables without a primary key Features: - Displays database information (database version, filename, size, creation date) - Displays schema summary (number of tables, columns, primary keys, identity fields, nullable fields) - Displays the information schema views - Displays column information (database type, clr type, max length, allows null, etc) - Support...New Projectsalgorithm interview: Write some code for programming interview questionsAmbiTrack: AmbiTrack provides marker-free localization and tracking using an array of cameras, e.g. the PlayStation Eye.DSeX DragonSpeak eXtended Editor: Furcadia DragonSpeak EditorEasyProject: easy project is finel engineering project this sys made for easy way to manage emploees of a small business or organization .EDIVisualizer SDK: EDIVisualizer SDK is a software developpement kit (SDK) for creating plugin used by EDIVisualizer program.Flame: Interactive shell for scripting in IronRuby IronPython Powershell C#, with syntax highlighting, autocomplete,and for easily work within a .NET framework consoleFusion-io MS SQL Server scripts: Fusion-io's Sumeet Bansal shows how Microsoft SQL Server users can quickly determine whether their database will benefit from Fusion-io ioMemory products.hotelprimero: Proyecto de hotelImage filters: It's a simple image filter :)JSLint.NET: JSLint.NET is a wrapper for Douglas Crockford's JSLint, the JavaScript code quality tool. It can validate JavaScript anywhere .NET runs.KZ.Express.H: KZ.Express.Hmoleshop: moleshop???asp.net ???????B2C????，????????.net???????????。moleshop??asp.net mvc 4.0???，???.net 4.0??。 moleshop???????，??AL2.0 ????，????????????????，????????。PDF Generator Net Free Xml Parser: PDF Generator Net Free Xml Parser?XML?????????????????????。?????????????????????CSV?????????PDF???????????????????????。ScreenCatcher: ScreenCatcher is a program for creating screenshots.SharePoint Configuration Guidance for 21 CFR Part 11 Compliance – SP 2013: This CodePlex project provides the Paragon Solutions configurations and code to support 21 CFR Part 11 compliance with SharePoint 2013.Sky Editor: Save file editor for Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Explorers of Sky with limited support for Explorers of Time and DarknessTRANCIS: For foundation and runnning online operations for Trancis.UGSF GRAND OUEST: UGSF GRAND OUESTWP.JS: WP.JS (Windows Phone (dot) Javascript) aims to be a compelling library for developing HTML5-based applications for Windows Phone 8.X-Aurora: X-Aurora ?? MVC3

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• Code golf: Word frequency chart

  - by ChristopheD

  The challenge: Build an ASCII chart of the most commonly used words in a given text. The rules: Only accept a-z and A-Z (alphabetic characters) as part of a word. Ignore casing (She == she for our purpose). Ignore the following words (quite arbitary, I know): the, and, of, to, a, i, it, in, or, is Clarification: considering don't: this would be taken as 2 different 'words' in the ranges a-z and A-Z: (don and t). Optionally (it's too late to be formally changing the specifications now) you may choose to drop all single-letter 'words' (this could potentially make for a shortening of the ignore list too). Parse a given text (read a file specified via command line arguments or piped in; presume us-ascii) and build us a word frequency chart with the following characteristics: Display the chart (also see the example below) for the 22 most common words (ordered by descending frequency). The bar width represents the number of occurences (frequency) of the word (proportionally). Append one space and print the word. Make sure these bars (plus space-word-space) always fit: bar + [space] + word + [space] should be always <= 80 characters (make sure you account for possible differing bar and word lenghts: e.g.: the second most common word could be a lot longer then the first while not differing so much in frequency). Maximize bar width within these constraints and scale the bars appropriately (according to the frequencies they represent). An example: The text for the example can be found here (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, by Lewis Carroll). This specific text would yield the following chart: _________________________________________________________________________ |_________________________________________________________________________| she |_______________________________________________________________| you |____________________________________________________________| said |____________________________________________________| alice |______________________________________________| was |__________________________________________| that |___________________________________| as |_______________________________| her |____________________________| with |____________________________| at |___________________________| s |___________________________| t |_________________________| on |_________________________| all |______________________| this |______________________| for |______________________| had |_____________________| but |____________________| be |____________________| not |___________________| they |__________________| so For your information: these are the frequencies the above chart is built upon: [('she', 553), ('you', 481), ('said', 462), ('alice', 403), ('was', 358), ('that ', 330), ('as', 274), ('her', 248), ('with', 227), ('at', 227), ('s', 219), ('t' , 218), ('on', 204), ('all', 200), ('this', 181), ('for', 179), ('had', 178), (' but', 175), ('be', 167), ('not', 166), ('they', 155), ('so', 152)] A second example (to check if you implemented the complete spec): Replace every occurence of you in the linked Alice in Wonderland file with superlongstringstring: ________________________________________________________________ |________________________________________________________________| she |_______________________________________________________| superlongstringstring |_____________________________________________________| said |______________________________________________| alice |________________________________________| was |_____________________________________| that |______________________________| as |___________________________| her |_________________________| with |_________________________| at |________________________| s |________________________| t |______________________| on |_____________________| all |___________________| this |___________________| for |___________________| had |__________________| but |_________________| be |_________________| not |________________| they |________________| so The winner: Shortest solution (by character count, per language). Have fun! Edit: Table summarizing the results so far (2012-02-15) (originally added by user Nas Banov): Language Relaxed Strict ========= ======= ====== GolfScript 130 143 Perl 185 Windows PowerShell 148 199 Mathematica 199 Ruby 185 205 Unix Toolchain 194 228 Python 183 243 Clojure 282 Scala 311 Haskell 333 Awk 336 R 298 Javascript 304 354 Groovy 321 Matlab 404 C# 422 Smalltalk 386 PHP 450 F# 452 TSQL 483 507 The numbers represent the length of the shortest solution in a specific language. "Strict" refers to a solution that implements the spec completely (draws |____| bars, closes the first bar on top with a ____ line, accounts for the possibility of long words with high frequency etc). "Relaxed" means some liberties were taken to shorten to solution. Only solutions shorter then 500 characters are included. The list of languages is sorted by the length of the 'strict' solution. 'Unix Toolchain' is used to signify various solutions that use traditional *nix shell plus a mix of tools (like grep, tr, sort, uniq, head, perl, awk).

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• Unknown error sourcing a script containing 'typeset -r' wrapped in command substitution

  - by Bernard Assaf

  I wish to source a script, print the value of a variable this script defines, and then have this value be assigned to a variable on the command line with command substitution wrapping the source/print commands. This works on ksh88 but not on ksh93 and I am wondering why. $ cat typeset_err.ksh #!/bin/ksh unset _typeset_var typeset -i -r _typeset_var=1 DIR=init # this is the variable I want to print When run on ksh88 (in this case, an AIX 6.1 box), the output is as follows: $ A=$(. ./typeset_err.ksh; print $DIR) $ echo $A init When run on ksh93 (in this case, a Linux machine), the output is as follows: $ A=$(. ./typeset_err.ksh; print $DIR) -ksh: _typeset_var: is read only $ print $A ($A is undefined) The above is just an example script. The actual thing I wish to accomplish is to source a script that sets values to many variables, so that I can print just one of its values, e.g. $DIR, and have $A equal that value. I do not know in advance the value of $DIR, but I need to copy files to $DIR during execution of a different batch script. Therefore the idea I had was to source the script in order to define its variables, print the one I wanted, then have that print's output be assigned to another variable via $(...) syntax. Admittedly a bit of a hack, but I don't want to source the entire sub-script in the batch script's environment because I only need one of its variables. The typeset -r code in the beginning is the error. The script I'm sourcing contains this in order to provide a semaphore of sorts--to prevent the script from being sourced more than once in the environment. (There is an if statement in the real script that checks for _typeset_var = 1, and exits if it is already set.) So I know I can take this out and get $DIR to print fine, but the constraints of the problem include keeping the typeset -i -r. In the example script I put an unset in first, to ensure _typeset_var isn't already defined. By the way I do know that it is not possible to unset a typeset -r variable, according to ksh93's man page for ksh. There are ways to code around this error. The favorite now is to not use typeset, but just set the semaphore without typeset (e.g. _typeset_var=1), but the error with the code as-is remains as a curiosity to me, and I want to see if anyone can explain why this is happening. By the way, another idea I abandoned was to grep the variable I need out of its containing script, then print that one variable for $A to be set to; however, the variable ($DIR in the example above) might be set to another variable's value (e.g. DIR=$dom/init), and that other variable might be defined earlier in the script; therefore, I need to source the entire script to make sure I all variables are defined so that $DIR is correctly defined when sourcing.

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• Use QuickCheck by generating primes

  - by Dan

  Background For fun, I'm trying to write a property for quick-check that can test the basic idea behind cryptography with RSA. Choose two distinct primes, p and q. Let N = p*q e is some number relatively prime to (p-1)(q-1) (in practice, e is usually 3 for fast encoding) d is the modular inverse of e modulo (p-1)(q-1) For all x such that 1 < x < N, it is always true that (x^e)^d = x modulo N In other words, x is the "message", raising it to the eth power mod N is the act of "encoding" the message, and raising the encoded message to the dth power mod N is the act of "decoding" it. (The property is also trivially true for x = 1, a case which is its own encryption) Code Here are the methods I have coded up so far: import Test.QuickCheck -- modular exponentiation modExp :: Integral a => a -> a -> a -> a modExp y z n = modExp' (y `mod` n) z `mod` n where modExp' y z | z == 0 = 1 | even z = modExp (y*y) (z `div` 2) n | odd z = (modExp (y*y) (z `div` 2) n) * y -- relatively prime rPrime :: Integral a => a -> a -> Bool rPrime a b = gcd a b == 1 -- multiplicative inverse (modular) mInverse :: Integral a => a -> a -> a mInverse 1 _ = 1 mInverse x y = (n * y + 1) `div` x where n = x - mInverse (y `mod` x) x -- just a quick way to test for primality n `divides` x = x `mod` n == 0 primes = 2:filter isPrime [3..] isPrime x = null . filter (`divides` x) $ takeWhile (\y -> y*y <= x) primes -- the property prop_rsa (p,q,x) = isPrime p && isPrime q && p /= q && x > 1 && x < n && rPrime e t ==> x == (x `powModN` e) `powModN` d where e = 3 n = p*q t = (p-1)*(q-1) d = mInverse e t a `powModN` b = modExp a b n (Thanks, google and random blog, for the implementation of modular multiplicative inverse) Question The problem should be obvious: there are way too many conditions on the property to make it at all usable. Trying to invoke quickCheck prop_rsa in ghci made my terminal hang. So I've poked around the QuickCheck manual a bit, and it says: Properties may take the form forAll <generator> $ \<pattern> -> <property> How do I make a <generator> for prime numbers? Or with the other constraints, so that quickCheck doesn't have to sift through a bunch of failed conditions? Any other general advice (especially regarding QuickCheck) is welcome.

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• "Attach or Add an entity that is not new...loaded from another DataContext. This is not supported."

  - by sah302

  Similar error as other questions, but not quite the same, I am not trying to attach anything. What I am trying to do is insert a new row into a linking table, specifically UserAccomplishment. Relations are set in LINQ to User and Accomplishment Tables. I have a generic insert function: Public Function insertRow(ByVal entity As ImplementationType) As Boolean If entity IsNot Nothing Then Dim lcfdatacontext As New LCFDataContext() Try lcfdatacontext.GetTable(Of ImplementationType)().InsertOnSubmit(entity) lcfdatacontext.SubmitChanges() lcfdatacontext.Dispose() Return True Catch ex As Exception Return False End Try Else Return False End If End Function If you try and give UserAccomplishment the two appropriate objects this will naturally crap out if either the User or Accomplishment already exist. It only works when both user and accomplishment don't exist. I expected this behavior. What does work is simply giving the userAccomplishment object a user.id and accomplishment.id and populating the rest of the fields. This works but is kind of awkward to use in my app, it would be much easier to simply pass in both objects and have it work out what already exists and what doesn't. Okay so I made the following (please ignore the fact that this is horribly inefficient because I know it is): Public Class UserAccomplishmentDao Inherits EntityDao(Of UserAccomplishment) Public Function insertLinkerObjectRow(ByVal userAccomplishment As UserAccomplishment) Dim insertSuccess As Boolean = False If Not userAccomplishment Is Nothing Then Dim userDao As New UserDao() Dim accomplishmentDao As New AccomplishmentDao() Dim user As New User() Dim accomplishment As New Accomplishment() 'see if either object already exists in db' user = userDao.getOneByValueOfProperty("Id", userAccomplishment.User.Id) accomplishment = accomplishmentDao.getOneByValueOfProperty("Id", userAccomplishment.Accomplishment.Id) If user Is Nothing And accomplishment Is Nothing Then 'neither the user or the accomplishment exist, both are new so insert them both, typical insert' insertSuccess = Me.insertRow(userAccomplishment) ElseIf user Is Nothing And Not accomplishment Is Nothing Then 'user is new, accomplishment is not new, so just insert the user, and the relation in userAccomplishment' Dim userWithExistingAccomplishment As New UserAccomplishment(userAccomplishment.User, userAccomplishment.Accomplishment.Id, userAccomplishment.LastUpdatedBy) insertSuccess = Me.insertRow(userWithExistingAccomplishment) ElseIf Not user Is Nothing And accomplishment Is Nothing Then 'user is not new, accomplishment is new, so just insert the accomplishment, and the relation in userAccomplishment' Dim existingUserWithAccomplishment As New UserAccomplishment(userAccomplishment.UserId, userAccomplishment.Accomplishment, userAccomplishment.LastUpdatedBy) insertSuccess = Me.insertRow(existingUserWithAccomplishment) Else 'both are not new, just add the relation' Dim userAccomplishmentBothExist As New UserAccomplishment(userAccomplishment.User.Id, userAccomplishment.Accomplishment.Id, userAccomplishment.LastUpdatedBy) insertSuccess = Me.insertRow(userAccomplishmentBothExist) End If End If Return insertSuccess End Function End Class Alright, here I basically check if the supplied user and accomplishment already exists in the db, and if so call an appropriate constructor that will leave whatever already exists empty, but supply the rest of the information so the insert can succeed. However, upon trying an insert: Dim result As Boolean = Me.userAccomplishmentDao.insertLinkerObjectRow(userAccomplishment) In which the user already exists, but the accomplishment does not (the 99% typical scenario) I get the error: "An attempt has been made to Attach or Add an entity that is not new, perhaps having been loaded from another DataContext. This is not supported." I have debugged this multiple times now and am not sure why this is occuring, if either User or Accomplishment exist, I am not including it in the final object to try to insert. So nothing appears to be attempted to be added. Even in debug, upon insert, the object was set to empty. So the accomplishment is new and the user is empty. 1) Why is it still saying that and how can I fix it ..using my current structure 2) Pre-emptive 'use repository pattern answers' - I know this way kind of sucks in general and I should be using the repository pattern. However, I can't use that in the current project because I don't have time to refactor that due to my non existence knowledge of it and time constraints. The usage of the app is going to so small that the inefficient use of datacontext's and what have you won't matter so much. I can refactor it once it's up and running, but for now I just need to 'push through' with my current structure. Edit: I also just tested this when having both already exists, and only insert each object's IDs into the table, that works. So I guess I could manually insert whichever object doesn't exist as a single insert, then put the ids only into the linking table, but I still don't know why when one object exists, and I make it empty, it doens't work.

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• Introducing Oracle Multitenant

  - by OracleMultitenant

  0 0 1 1142 6510 Oracle Corporation 54 15 7637 14.0 Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:JA;} The First Database Designed for the Cloud Today Oracle announced the general availability (GA) of Oracle Database 12c, the first database designed for the Cloud. Oracle Multitenant, new with Oracle Database 12c, is a key component of this – a new architecture for consolidating databases and simplifying operations in the Cloud. With this, the inaugural post in the Multitenant blog, my goal is to start the conversation about Oracle Multitenant. We are very proud of this new architecture, which we view as a major advance for Oracle. Customers, partners and analysts who have had previews are very excited about its capabilities and its flexibility. This high level review of Oracle Multitenant will touch on our design considerations and how we re-architected our database for the cloud. I’ll briefly describe our new multitenant architecture and explain it’s key benefits. Finally I’ll mention some of the major use cases we see for Oracle Multitenant. Industry Trends We always start by talking to our customers about the pressures and challenges they’re facing and what trends they’re seeing in the industry. Some things don’t change. They face the same pressures and the same requirements as ever: Pressure to do more with less; be faster, leaner, cheaper, and deliver services 24/7. Big companies have achieved scale. Now they want to realize economies of scale. As ever, DBAs are faced with the challenges of patching and upgrading large numbers of databases, and provisioning new ones.  Requirements are familiar: Performance, scalability, reliability and high availability are non-negotiable. They need ever more security in this threatening climate. There’s no time to stop and retool with new applications. What’s new are the trends. These are the techniques to use to respond to these pressures within the constraints of the requirements. With the advent of cloud computing and availability of massively powerful servers – even engineered systems such as Exadata – our customers want to consolidate many applications into fewer larger servers. There’s a move to standardized services – even self-service. Consolidation Consolidation is not new; companies have tried various different approaches to consolidation of databases in the cloud. One approach is to partition a powerful server between several virtual machines, one per application. A downside of this is that you have the resource and management overheads of OS and RDBMS per VM – that is, per application. Another is that you have replaced physical sprawl with virtual sprawl and virtual sprawl is still expensive to manage. In the dedicated database model, we have a single physical server supporting multiple databases, one per application. So there’s a shared OS overhead, but RDBMS process and memory overhead are replicated per application. Let's think about our traditional Oracle Database architecture. Every time we create a database, be it a production database, a development or a test database, what do we do? We create a set of files, we allocate a bunch of memory for managing the data, and we kick off a series of background processes. This is replicated for every one of the databases that we create. As more and more databases are fired up, these replicated overheads quickly consume the available server resources and this limits the number of applications we can run on any given server. In Oracle Database 11g and earlier the highest degree of consolidation could be achieved by what we call schema consolidation. In this model we have one big server with one big database. Individual applications are installed in separate schemas or table-owners. Database overheads are shared between all applications, which affords maximum consolidation. The shortcomings are that application changes are often required. There is no tenant isolation. One bad apple can spoil the whole batch. New Architecture & Benefits In Oracle Database 12c, we have a new multitenant architecture, featuring pluggable databases. This delivers all the resource utilization advantages of schema consolidation with none of the downsides. There are two parts to the term “pluggable database”: "pluggable", which is new, and "database", which is familiar.  Before we get to the exciting new stuff let’s discuss what hasn’t changed. A pluggable database is a fully functional Oracle database. It’s not watered down in any way. From the perspective of an application or an end user it hasn’t changed at all. This is very important because it means that no application changes are required to adopt this new architecture. There are many thousands of applications built on Oracle databases and they are all ready to run on Oracle Multitenant. So we have these self-contained pluggable databases (PDBs), and as their name suggests, they are plugged into a multitenant container database (CDB). The CDB behaves as a single database from the operations point of view. Very much as we had with the schema consolidation model, we only have a single set of Oracle background processes and a single, shared database memory requirement. This gives us very high consolidation density, which affords maximum reduction in capital expenses (CapEx). By performing management operations at the CDB level – “managing many as one” – we can achieve great reductions in operating expenses (OpEx) as well, but we retain granular control where appropriate. Furthermore, the “pluggability” capability gives us portability and this adds a tremendous amount of agility. We can simply unplug a PDB from one CDB and plug it into another CDB, for example to move it from one SLA tier to another. I'll explore all these new capabilities in much more detail in a future posting.  Use Cases We can identify a number of use cases for Oracle Multitenant. Here are a few of the major ones. 0 0 1 113 650 Oracle Corporation 5 1 762 14.0 Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:JA;} Development / Testing where individual engineers need rapid provisioning and recycling of private copies of a few "master test databases" Consolidation of disparate applications using fewer, more powerful servers Software as a Service deploying separate copies of identical applications to individual tenants Database as a Service typically self-service provisioning of databases on the private cloud Application Distribution from ISV / Installation by Customer Eliminating many typical installation steps (create schema, import seed data, import application code PL/SQL…) - just plug in a PDB! High volume data distribution literally via disk drives in envelopes distributed by truck! - distribution of things like GIS or MDM master databases …various others! Benefits Previous approaches to consolidation have involved a trade-off between reductions in Capital Expenses (CapEx) and Operating Expenses (OpEx), and they’ve usually come at the expense of agility. With Oracle Multitenant you can have your cake and eat it: Minimize CapEx More Applications per server Minimize OpEx Manage many as one Standardized procedures and services Rapid provisioning Maximize Agility Cloning for development and testing Portability through pluggability Scalability with RAC Ease of Adoption Applications run unchanged It’s a pure deployment choice. Neither the database backend nor the application needs to be changed. In future postings I’ll explore various aspects in more detail. However, if you feel compelled to devour everything you can about Oracle Multitenant this very minute, have no fear. Visit the Multitenant page on OTN and explore the various resources we have available there. Among these, Oracle Distinguished Product Manager Bryn Llewellyn has written an excellent, thorough, and exhaustively detailed White Paper about Oracle Multitenant, which is available here.  Follow me  I tweet @OraclePDB #OracleMultitenant

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• CodePlex Daily Summary for Wednesday, June 26, 2013

  CodePlex Daily Summary for Wednesday, June 26, 2013Popular ReleasesNaked Objects: Naked Objects Release 5.5.0: This release includes a number of significant improvements to the usability of the UI, some of which involve new programming conventions or attributes: Action dialogs now appear as pop-up modal dialogs instead of as a new page; query-only actions have an Apply as well as an OK button. See https://nakedobjects.codeplex.com/workitem/175 When a reference object is expanded in-line there is a button to jump straight to an Edit view of that object see https://nakedobjects.codeplex.com/workitem/1...VeraCrypt: VeraCrypt version 1.0b: Changes since version 1.0a :Enhance RIPEMD160 implementation in BootLoaded by using the compiler uint32 type Don't position legacy flag in volume header for newer VeraCrypt releasesPlayer Framework by Microsoft: Player Framework for Windows 8 and WP8 (v1.3 beta): Preview: New MPEG DASH adaptive streaming plugin for WAMS. Preview: New Ultraviolet CFF plugin. Preview: New WP7 version with WP8 compatibility. (source code only) Source code is now available via CodePlex Git Misc bug fixes and improvements: WP8 only: Added optional fullscreen and mute buttons to default xaml JS only: protecting currentTime from returning infinity. Some videos would cause currentTime to be infinity which could cause errors in plugins expecting only finite values. (...SSIS DQS Matching Transformation: SSIS DQS Matching Transformation 1.0: Initial release of the SSIS DQS Matching Component.AssaultCube Reloaded: 2.5.8: SERVER OWNERS: note that the default maprot has changed once again. Linux has Ubuntu 11.10 32-bit precompiled binaries and Ubuntu 10.10 64-bit precompiled binaries, but you can compile your own as it also contains the source. If you are using Mac or other operating systems, please wait while we continue to try to package for those OSes. Or better yet, try to compile it. If it fails, download a virtual machine. The server pack is ready for both Windows and Linux, but you might need to compi...Compare .NET Objects: Version 1.7.2.0: If you like it, please rate it. :) Performance Improvements Fix for deleted row in a data table Added ability to ignore the collection order Fix for Ignoring by AttributesMicrosoft Ajax Minifier: Microsoft Ajax Minifier 4.95: update parser to allow for CSS3 calc( function to nest. add recognition of -pponly (Preprocess-Only) switch in AjaxMinManifestTask build task. Fix crashing bug in EXE when processing a manifest file using the -xml switch and an error message needs to be displayed (like a missing input file). Create separate Clean and Bundle build tasks for working with manifest files (AjaxMinManifestCleanTask and AjaxMinBundleTask). Removed the IsCleanOperation from AjaxMinManifestTask -- use AjaxMinMan...VG-Ripper & PG-Ripper: VG-Ripper 2.9.44: changes NEW: Added Support for "ImgChili.net" links FIXED: Auto UpdaterDocument.Editor: 2013.25: What's new for Document.Editor 2013.25: Improved Spell Check support Improved User Interface Minor Bug Fix's, improvements and speed upsStyleMVVM: 3.0.2: This is a minor feature and bug fix release Features: ExportWhenDebuggerIsAttacedAttribute - new attribute that marks an attribute to only be exported when the debugger is attahced InjectedFilterAttributeFilterProvider - new Attribute Filter provider for MVC that injects the attributes Performance Improvements - minor speed improvements all over, and Import collections is now 50% faster Bug Fixes: Open Generic Constraints are now respected when finding exports Fix for fluent registrat...WPF Composites: Version 4.3.0: In this Beta release, I broke my code out into two separate projects. There is a core FasterWPF.dll with the minimal required functionality. This can run with only the Aero.dll and the Rx .dll's. Then, I have a FasterWPFExtras .dll that requires and supports the Extended WPF Toolkit™ Community Edition V 1.9.0 (including Xceed DataGrid) and the Thriple .dll. This is for developers who want more . . . Finally, you may notice the other OPTIONAL .dll's available in the download such as the Dyn...Channel9's Absolute Beginner Series: Windows Phone 8: Entire source code for the Channel 9 series, Windows Phone 8 Development for Absolute Beginners.Indent Guides for Visual Studio: Indent Guides v13: ImportantThis release does not support Visual Studio 2010. The latest stable release for VS 2010 is v12.1. Version History Changed in v13 Added page width guide lines Added guide highlighting options Fixed guides appearing over collapsed blocks Fixed guides not appearing in newly opened files Fixed some potential crashes Fixed lines going through pragma statements Various updates for VS 2012 and VS 2013 Removed VS 2010 support Changed in v12.1: Fixed crash when unable to start...Fluent Ribbon Control Suite: Fluent Ribbon Control Suite 2.1.0 - Prerelease d: Fluent Ribbon Control Suite 2.1.0 - Prerelease d(supports .NET 3.5, 4.0 and 4.5) Includes: Fluent.dll (with .pdb and .xml) Showcase Application Samples (not for .NET 3.5) Foundation (Tabs, Groups, Contextual Tabs, Quick Access Toolbar, Backstage) Resizing (ribbon reducing & enlarging principles) Galleries (Gallery in ContextMenu, InRibbonGallery) MVVM (shows how to use this library with Model-View-ViewModel pattern) KeyTips ScreenTips Toolbars ColorGallery *Walkthrough (do...Magick.NET: Magick.NET 6.8.5.1001: Magick.NET compiled against ImageMagick 6.8.5.10. Breaking changes: - MagickNET.Initialize has been made obsolete because the ImageMagick files in the directory are no longer necessary. - MagickGeometry is no longer IDisposable. - Renamed dll's so they include the platform name. - Image profiles can now only be accessed and modified with ImageProfile classes. - Renamed DrawableBase to Drawable. - Removed Args part of PathArc/PathCurvetoArgs/PathQuadraticCurvetoArgs classes. The...Keyboard Image Viewer: 1.5.4: Upgraded folder picker dialog to better version on Win7+ Fixed bug that stopped slideshow from looping back to the start of the list. Added crash dialog that allows you to see and copy exception stack traces for fixing.DependencyAnalysis (Egg and Gherkin): 0.9.4: - Create Visual Studio 2012 Addin for ad-hoc analysis of your project - Display metrics in a grid - Adequate performing serialization between Addin (Visual Studio process) and AnalysisHost process - Display dependencies as graph (proximity graph) - Create a logo for the project - Constructors of anonymous types no longer hide constructors of the declaring type during "build dependencies" phase - Type descriptors were added multiple times to SubmoduleDescriptor. Types collection, same instanc...Bloomberg API Emulator: Bloomberg API Emulator (v 1.0.5): This version contains the full Java port of my original C# code. I just finished the MarketDataSubscription request type. I will start working on a C++ port of my C# code.Three-Dimensional Maneuver Gear for Minecraft: TDMG 1.1.0.0 for 1.5.2: CodePlex???(????????) ?????????(???1/4) ??????????? ?????????? ???????????(??????????) ??????????????????????? ↑????、?????????????????????(???????) ???、??????????、?????????????????????、????????1.5?????????? Shift+W(????)??????????????????10°、?10°(?????????)???Hyper-V Management Pack Extensions 2012: HyperVMPE2012 (v1.0.1.126): Hyper-V Management Pack Extensions 2012 Beta ReleaseNew Projects.Net Encryption App: This is a C#.Net desktop application that will let users encrypt and de-crypt files with the algorithm of their choosing.AutoSPDocumenter: AutoSPDocumenter utilises PowerShell to document SharePoint farms and provide output in usable formats.Azure Storage Redirector: Azure Storage Redirector. Redirects requests to Global Azure Storage to China Azure Storage. ?????Azure Storage?request??????Azure storagebrownbag: Simple project to show branching, merging, and shelvingChannel9's Absolute Beginner Series: Channel 9's absolute beginner series source code. From Windows Phone 7, Windows Phone 8, Windows Store applications, one stop area for all the seriesFAST for Sharepoint 2010 Query Tool (.NET 3.5): .NET 3.5 version of the FAST Search for SharePoint MOSS 2010 Query Tool (https://fastforsharepoint.codeplex.com/). For environments without .NET 4.0HAOest Framework: HAOest????ListManager: ListManager????? by HADB of HAOestMyPS: mypsNNRel: NNRelO - BV - 2: TestOpen XML SDK for JavaScript: Small JavaScript library that enables you to implement Open XML functionality anywhere you can use JavaScript.Orchard Prefix free: Provides a script manifest for the Prefix free script libraries.PVDesktop: PVDesktop is an application for designing and analyzing specific solar energy sites.Red the sound TowePlay: School project at ISEN Lille. Creation of a collaborative music creation software in C# using.NETScience Kits for Kids: This project is the service for Childhood Education which aged 4 - 8.SharePoint ULS for PowerShell: Allows PowerShell to log to the SharePoint ULS.SSIS DQS Matching Transformation: The SSIS DQS Matching Transformation uses Data Quality Services (DQS) to find duplicate data within the SSIS data flow.TARVOS Computer Networks Simulator: Discrete event-based network simulator, supports simulating MPLS architecture, several RSVP-TE protocol functionalities and fast recovery.Web API Explorer 4 DNN: Web API Explorer for DNN(R) aids module development allowing you to examine the Routing Table entries for a DotNetNuke(R) portal.

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