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  • Efficiency: what block size of kernel-mode memory allocations?

    - by Robert
    I need a big, driver-internal memory buffer with several tens of megabytes (non-paged, since accessed at dispatcher level). Since I think that allocating chunks of non-continuous memory will more likely succeed than allocating one single continuous memory block (especially when memory becomes fragmented) I want to implement that memory buffer as a linked list of memory blocks. What size should the blocks have to efficiently load the memory pages? (read: not to waste any page space) A multiple of 4096? (equally to the page size of the OS) A multiple of 4000? (not to waste another page for OS-internal memory allocation information) Another size? Target platform is Windows NT = 5.1 (XP and above) Target architectures are x86 and amd64 (not Itanium)

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  • Static Memory allocation & Portability

    - by user332354
    I have read Static Memory Allocation are done during Compile time. Is the 'address allocated' used while generating executables ? Now,I am in doubt that how the memory allocation is handled when the code executable is transferred completely to a new system. I searched for it but I didn't get any answer on Internet.

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  • Another Memory Alignment Question?

    - by utxeeeee
    I understand why data need to be aligned (and all the efforts made to accomplish it like padding) so we can reduce the number of memory accesses but this assumes that processor just can fetch addresses multiples of 4(supposing we are using a 32-bit architecture). And because of that assumption we need to align memory and my question is why we can just access addresses multiple of 4(efficiency, hardware restriction, another one)? Which is the advantages of doing this? Why cannot we access all the addresses available? hugs

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  • freeing a memory twice

    - by benjamin button
    Hi, AFAIAK, freeing a NULL will result in nothing.i mean nothing is being done by the compiler/no functionality is performed. Still i do see some statements where people say that one of the scenario,where a memory corruption can occur is "freeing a memory twice"? Is this still true?

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  • C++ static array leading to memory leak?

    - by MDonovin
    Lets say I have something like... void foo() { char c[100]; printf("this function does nothing useful"); } When foo is called, it creates the array on the stack, and when it goes out of scope, is the memory deallocated automatically? Or is c destroyed, but the memory remains allocated, with no way to access it/get it back except restarting the computer?

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  • Completely Removing Views from memory

    - by cannyboy
    I have a view which is set up to train 'voiceprints' of words (this voiceprint code is not mine), and another view which has a slideshow which is controlled by the voiceprint. Unfortunately, these views conflict because they are still in memory. As far as I know, viewDidUnload and dealloc are only called in low-memory situations, and dealloc should not be called directly, so how do I completely remove a view. These views are within uinavigationcontrollers by the way.

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  • How can I change the amount of video memory with a Mobile Intel 4 Series Express Chipset?

    - by user45924
    I have the chipset in the title. The Intel control panel says the following: Intel® Graphics Media Accelerator Driver for Mobile Report Report Date: 8/11/2010 Report Time[hr:mm:ss]: 20:2:54 Driver Version: 8.15.10.2182 Operating System: Windows 7 (6.1.7600) Default Language: English (Canada) DirectX* Version: 10.0 Physical Memory: 3963 MB Minimum Graphics Memory: 128 MB Maximum Graphics Memory: 1759 MB Graphics Memory in Use: 17 MB Processor: Intel64 Family 6 Model 23 Stepping 10 Processor Speed: 1995 MHz Vendor ID: 8086 Device ID: 2A42 Device Revision: 07 Even while playing games, the Graphics Memory in Use only ever goes up to 26 MB. I've looked in the BIOS; there's nothing there. Is there any way I can force it to go higher? Thanks :)

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  • Why does my mac have page outs when I have inactive memory?

    - by Chace Fields
    From what I've read, page outs are a sign that you don't have enough RAM. I have also read that if you have inactive memory available, then the machine will use that memory when starting up new programs. I have about 2GB of inactive memory and very little available memory. Once this happens, my page outs go up. Why is this and do I need more memory? I have 8GB of RAM. I'm running VMware Fusion 5 with 2GB allotted to Windows 8.

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  • Stupid Geek Tricks: Compare Your Browser’s Memory Usage with Google Chrome

    - by The Geek
    Ever tried to figure out exactly how much memory Google Chrome or Internet Explorer is using? Since they each show up a bunch of times in Task Manager, it’s not so easy! Here’s the quick and easy way to compare them. Both Chrome and IE use multiple processes to isolate tabs from each other, to make sure that one tab doesn’t kill the whole browser. Firefox, on the other hand, just uses a single process for everything. Rather than pulling out a calculator and adding them all up, you can just open up Google Chrome, and type in about:memory into the location bar to see a full list of each browser’s memory usage.   On my test system with 6 GB of system RAM, I’m running the Development channel version of Chrome, and I’ve got about 40 different tabs open, which is why the memory usage is so high. Firefox has 8 tabs open, and IE is enjoying being opened for the first time in forever. Want to help cut down on memory usage and keep your Chrome browser running fast? Disable all unnecessary extensions, and then make sure you disable any plug-ins that you don’t need either. Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Stupid Geek Tricks: Duplicate a Tab with a Shortcut Key in Chrome or FirefoxStupid Geek Tricks: Shrink the XP Volume ControlStupid Geek Tricks: Tile or Cascade Multiple Windows in Windows 7Fix for Firefox memory leak on WindowsHow to Purge Memory in Google Chrome TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips DVDFab 6 Revo Uninstaller Pro Registry Mechanic 9 for Windows PC Tools Internet Security Suite 2010 Download Free MP3s from Amazon Awe inspiring, inter-galactic theme (Win 7) Case Study – How to Optimize Popular Wordpress Sites Restore Hidden Updates in Windows 7 & Vista Iceland an Insurance Job? Find Downloads and Add-ins for Outlook

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  • ANTS Memory Profiler 8 released!

    - by Ben Emmett
    I’m excited to say that we’ve just released ANTS Memory Profiler 8! The big news is support for profiling .NET’s usage of unmanaged memory. There are two main parts to this. Firstly you can see a breakdown of unmanaged memory usage by module. This lets you see at a high level where unmanaged memory is being used – for example in the image below, it’s being used by a PDF generation library. Separately, when looking at a list of .NET classes, you can see how much unmanaged memory those classes are responsible for holding on to. You can also see that information for individual instances of those classes. Some clues you might need this: You’re using system objects or 3rd party components which deal with unmanaged memory under the hood (this includes things like the GDI+ functions used for working with bitmaps) Your application still relies on some legacy Delphi / C++ / etc code from left over from the days before your company moved over to using .NET You’ve used a previous version of ANTS Memory Profiler, and have ever seen a pie chart that looks something like this: You’ll also notice that the startup process has been entirely redesigned, bringing it in line with ANTS Performance Profiler 8, which was released earlier in the year. This makes it faster to start profiling and to run repeat profiling sessions, lets you profile using any browser instead of Internet Explorer, and also provides a host of stability improvements, particularly when launching websites in IIS. Download the new version (there’s a free trial), and as always I’d love to know what you think – just email [email protected]. Cheers! Ben

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  • BPM11g Launch - Spotlight on Innovation: A Unified Business Process Management Solution June 17th 2

    - by Jürgen Kress
    Spotlight on Innovation: A Unified Business Process Management Solution Thursday, June 17th, 2010 10 a.m. PT / 18:00 UK / 19:00 CET Presented by: Hasan Rizvi Senior Vice President Oracle Product Management Business Process Management (BPM) is essential for managing change and increasing business visibility, agility, and efficiency. To make the most of BPM, businesses today need to benefit from a new generation of process management solutions. Join Hasan Rizvi, Senior Vice President, Oracle Product Development, as he discusses Oracle’s innovations in the new BPM Suite 11g which will define the next generation of process management. Discover how you can leverage this complete, open, and integrated BPM solution that delivers: Management of all types of processes; including system, human, document, and decision-centric A simplified path to achieving greater business visibility, agility, and efficiency A unified process foundation that simplifies process management with a unified process engine and preintegration of process subsystems User-centric design that simplifies process modeling and interaction Social BPM interaction that provides social computing in the context of BPM to simplify and add richness to collaboration Register today for this live Webcast, another edition in a series introducing the next wave of products in Oracle Fusion Middleware 11g. Did you missed our BPM 11g webcast with Clemens Utschig-Utschig? The recorded version is now available! Here is your feedback: First experience with BPMN 2.0 in Oracle BPM Studio 11g by Hajo Normann Warum Oracle BPM Studio 11g? by Torsten Winterberg Oracle BPM 11g, less is more by Léon Smiers Oracle BPM 11g Integration with ADF and WebCenter Suite by Andrejus Baranovskis Oracle BPM11g available! by Guido Schmutz Listen to more feedback here. If you are working on BPM 11g projects and you would like to attend a hands-on training session, please contact Jürgen Kress. Technorati Tags: BPM,BPMN2.0,SOA,Hasan Rizvi,SOA Partner Community

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  • Five Ideas: Project Management

    - by Sylvie MacKenzie, PMP
     Except from Profit Magazine “For everyone to put on the project manager hat and standardize the way every single thing is done means that now the whole organization is on the same page as to what needs to occur from the time a hurricane hits Haiti and when a boat pulls in to unload supplies.” —Rich D’Addario, consulting project manager in the Primavera Global Business Unit at Oracle, on helping AmeriCares deliver aid to Haiti “Primavera P6 Analytics generates information that can help organizations improve their utilization and trim down overall operating costs. But more importantly, it gives organizations improved visibility.” —Yasser Mahmud, vice president of product strategy and industry marketing in Oracle’s Primavera Global Business Unit “Organizations are constantly looking for ways to improve the speed and precision of their decisions and work without creating environments and systems that limit their personnel through rigid structures and inflexible processes. The latest release of Primavera Portfolio Management meets this demand by further streamlining processes and supporting enhanced decision-making, helping drive better value from portfolios. In addition, the new UI clearly demonstrates Oracle's commitment to providing a seamlessly integrated enterprise project portfolio management product suite.” —Mike Sicilia, senior vice president, Oracle's Primavera “Make it a business project, not an IT project. All levels of functional management must have ownership, responsibility, and accountability for the success of the implementation.” —from Eaton Operations Services Manager Marcos Baccetto's 9 Project Management Tips “AEC firms must strategically pursue standardization opportunities in the project management area while preserving the spirit of entrepreneurism and flexibility at an individual project manager level. An enterprise technology platform doesn't only help with standardization of key project management processes across the enterprise; it also improves performance management, team collaboration and client specific reporting at an individual project level.” —Maneesh Chhabra is a director of Industry Strategy and Insight at Oracle

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  • Instruments memory leak iphone

    - by dubbeat
    Hi, I posted this problem a few days ago but it was very muddled and my question wasnt very clear so I removed it. I've been digging around and the memory leak is still persiting. Hopefully this attempt will be clearer. First off I've run the static analyzer and it reports no memory leaks. I then ran Instruments and it pointed to a memory leak at this line of code. As far as I can see there is no memory leak. featured=[[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(130,15, 200, 15)]; //[featured setFont:[UIFont UIFontboldSystemFontOfSize:20]]; featured.font = [UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:20]; featured.backgroundColor= [UIColor clearColor]; featured.textColor=[UIColor blackColor]; featured.text= @"Featured Promo"; [self.view addSubview:featured]; [featured release]; featured=nil; If I comment out the above code Instruments reports another memory leak in another block of code where there is no discernible leak. UIButton *populartbutton = [[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect]]; populartbutton.frame = CGRectMake(112, 145, 90, 22); // size and position of button [populartbutton setTitle:@"Popular" forState:UIControlStateNormal]; populartbutton.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor]; populartbutton.adjustsImageWhenHighlighted = YES; [populartbutton addTarget:self action:@selector(getpopular:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; [self.view addSubview:populartbutton]; Instruments also says Responsible Library = Core Graphics Responsible Frame = open_handle_to_dylib_path This Is the stack trace. 53 Promo start 52 Promo main /Users/..2/main.m:14 51 UIKit UIApplicationMain 50 UIKit -[UIApplication _run] 49 CoreFoundation CFRunLoopRunInMode 48 CoreFoundation CFRunLoopRunSpecific 47 GraphicsServices PurpleEventCallback 46 UIKit _UIApplicationHandleEvent 45 UIKit -[UIApplication sendEvent:] 44 UIKit -[UIApplication handleEvent:withNewEvent:] 43 UIKit -[UIApplication _reportAppLaunchFinished] 42 QuartzCore CA::Transaction::commit() 41 QuartzCore CA::Context::commit_transaction(CA::Transaction*) 40 QuartzCore CALayerLayoutIfNeeded 39 QuartzCore -[CALayer layoutSublayers] 38 UIKit -[UILayoutContainerView layoutSubviews] 37 UIKit -[UINavigationController _startDeferredTransitionIfNeeded] 36 UIKit -[UINavigationController _startTransition:fromViewController:toViewController:] 35 UIKit -[UINavigationController _layoutViewController:] 34 UIKit -[UINavigationController_computeAndApplyScrollContentInsetDeltaForViewController:] 33 UIKit -[UIViewController contentScrollView] 32 UIKit -[UIViewController view] 31 Promo -[FeaturedLevelViewController viewDidLoad] /Users/..s/FeaturedLevelViewController.m:67 // THIS IS MY CLASS WHERE THE CODE SAMPLES ABOVE ARE FROM 30 UIKit -[UILabel initWithFrame:] 29 UIKit -[UILabel _commonInit] 28 UIKit +[UILabel defaultFont] 27 UIKit +[UIFont systemFontOfSize:] 26 GraphicsServices GSFontCreateWithName 25 CoreGraphics CGFontCreateWithName 24 CoreGraphics CGFontCreateWithFontName 23 CoreGraphics CGFontFinderGetDefault 22 CoreGraphics CGFontGetVTable 21 libSystem.B.dylib pthread_once 20 CoreGraphics load_vtable 19 CoreGraphics load_library 18 CoreGraphics CGLibraryLoadFunction 17 CoreGraphics load_function 16 CoreGraphics open_handle_to_dylib_path 15 libSystem.B.dylib dlopen 14 dyld dlopen 13 dyld dyld::link(ImageLoader*, bool, ImageLoader::RPathChain const&) 12 dyld ImageLoader::link(ImageLoader::LinkContext const&, bool, bool, ImageLoader::RPathChain const&) 11 dyld ImageLoader::recursiveLoadLibraries(ImageLoader::LinkContext const&, bool, ImageLoader::RPathChain const&) 10 dyld dyld::libraryLocator(char const*, bool, char const*, ImageLoader::RPathChain const*) 9 dyld dyld::load(char const*, dyld::LoadContext const&) 8 dyld dyld::loadPhase0(char const*, dyld::LoadContext const&, std::vector<char const*, std::allocator<char const*> >*) 7 dyld dyld::loadPhase1(char const*, dyld::LoadContext const&, std::vector<char const*, std::allocator<char const*> >*) 6 dyld dyld::loadPhase3(char const*, dyld::LoadContext const&, std::vector<char const*, std::allocator<char const*> >*) 5 dyld dyld::loadPhase4(char const*, dyld::LoadContext const&, std::vector<char const*, std::allocator<char const*> >*) 4 dyld dyld::loadPhase5(char const*, dyld::LoadContext const&, std::vector<char const*, std::allocator<char const*> >*) 3 dyld dyld::mkstringf(char const*, ...) 2 dyld strdup 1 dyld malloc 0 libSystem.B.dylib malloc I'm really not too sure how to use this information to fix the problem so any guidance would be appreciated. Perhaps the answer is in the trace but I just don't know what to look for? EDIT:: The above stack trace is when running on the simulator. The following is from running on a device. This trace does not point to any of my own classes 23 Promo 0x0 22 libSystem.B.dylib _pthread_body 21 Foundation __NSThread__main__ 20 Foundation +[NSThread exit] 19 libSystem.B.dylib _pthread_exit 18 libSystem.B.dylib _pthread_tsd_cleanup 17 QuartzCore CA::Transaction::release_thread(void*) 16 QuartzCore CA::Transaction::commit() 15 QuartzCore CA::Context::commit_transaction(CA::Transaction*) 14 QuartzCore CALayerDisplayIfNeeded 13 QuartzCore -[CALayer display] 12 QuartzCore -[CALayer _display] 11 QuartzCore CABackingStoreUpdate 10 QuartzCore backing_callback(CGContext*, void*) 9 QuartzCore -[CALayer drawInContext:] 8 UIKit -[UIView(CALayerDelegate) drawLayer:inContext:] 7 UIKit -[UILabel drawRect:] 6 UIKit -[UILabel drawTextInRect:] 5 UIKit -[UILabel _drawTextInRect:baselineCalculationOnly:] 4 UIKit -[NSString(UIStringDrawing) drawAtPoint:forWidth:withFont:lineBreakMode:] 3 UIKit -[NSString(UIStringDrawing) drawAtPoint:forWidth:withFont:lineBreakMode:letterSpacing:includeEmoji:] 2 WebCore WKSetCurrentGraphicsContext 1 WebCore CurrentThreadContext() 0 libSystem.B.dylib calloc

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  • OutOfMemoryException, large Private Data

    - by Captain Comic
    Hello, In previous series: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2543648/outofmemoryexception-stack-size-is-huge-large-number-of-threads I have a .net windows service that consumes a lot of memory. The GC heap is not big. Also the stack size is not big. What is big is something called a private data. Also I can see in task manager that my application consumes a lot something that taskmanager calls a handle. My application consumes 2326 handles. I believe that these handles are some windows handles that occupy private data. I can see that this private data is occupied by blocks marked as Thread Environment Block. What is that? Screenshot of my application memory usage by VMMap Screenshot of my application memory usage by Task Manager UPDATE I run ProcessExplorer. I have two instances of my service running at the moment. I can see that they consume a lot of virtual memory for Gen2 GC. This look suspicios. Also total reserved for GC Heap size is the same for two processes.

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  • Trying to calculate large numbers in Python with gmpy. Python keeps crashing?

    - by Ryan Peschel
    I was recommended to use gmpy to assist with calculating large numbers efficiently. Before I was just using python and my script ran for a day or two and then ran out of memory (not sure how that happened because my program's memory usage should basically be constant throughout.. maybe a memory leak?) Anyways, I keep getting this weird error after running my program for a couple seconds: mp_allocate< 545275904->545275904 > Fatal Python error: mp_allocate failure This application has requested the Runtime to terminate it in an unusual way. Please contact the application's support team for more information. Also, python crashes and Windows 7 gives me the generic python.exe has stopped working dialog. This wasn't happening with using standard python integers. Now that I switch to gmpy I am getting this error just seconds in to running my script. I thought gmpy was specialized in dealing with large number arithmetic? For reference, here is a sample program that produces the error: import gmpy2 p = gmpy2.xmpz(3000000000) s = gmpy2.xmpz(2) M = s**p for x in range(p): s = (s * s) % M I have 10 gigs of RAM and without gmpy this script ran for days without running out of memory (still not sure how that happened considering s never really gets larger.. Anyone have any ideas? EDIT: Forgot to mention I am using Python 3.2

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  • Qt: QStackedWidget solution

    - by Martin
    I'm building a Qt application that have about 30 different views (QWidgets). My idea is to use a QStackedWidget to make it easy to switch between the different views in the application. I have two different solutions of how to implement this and use as little memory as possible when the user navigates through the application. Solution 1: Everytime I need to show a view I check if it is already in the stack. (The user might open the same view many times, maybe a view showing an item from a database). If the view is in the stack already it doesn't need to be created again and I can just show the view. The good thing with this solution is that I reuse the views (widgets) so they only need to be created once. This is good as the UI and other stuff should look the same everytime the user show a view, so why not reuse it? The problem with this solution is that every view has childrens. Maybe an object, a QList with objects or other things. A good thing with Qt is that you can use the parent-children mechanism so that the children will be deleted when the parent is deleted. As I never delete the parent (view) I need to handle this myself as the children might need to be deleted from different times when the view is shown. (Maybe the view show a list with objects and the list should be updated from a database each time the view is shown.) Solution 2: Everytime I need to show a QWidget I create a new one and show it. When it is not shown anymore, I delete it from memory. This is a quite easy solution. And as I delete the views when they are not shown both the view and it's children should be deleted from memory so it shouldn't increase memory, am I right? Which one of the solutions do you recommend?

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  • Remote management interface for managing ip6tables (or an alternative firewall)

    - by Matthew Iselin
    I'm working with IPv6 and have run into an issue configuring ip6tables on our main router in order to control what can come into the network. A default DROP rule in the FORWARD section has worked well (obviously leaving ESTABLISHED,RELATED as ACCEPT) to keep internal clients' open ports from being accessed. However, running an ip6tables command for every little change is unwieldy. Whilst we are able to continue creating rules manually, I'm wondering if there's some sort of management interface we could use to create the rules quickly and easily. We're looking to be able to save time working on our firewall as well as providing a simple method for modifying rules for those who will eventually replace us. I know webmin (heavily locked down on our network, naturally) has support for modifying iptables rules, but seemingly no support for ip6tables. Something similar would be fantastic. Alternatively, suggestions for a firewall solution apart from iptables/ip6tables which can be managed remotely wouldn't be out of order. A web interface for management is certainly preferable, even if it is just a wrapper with shiny buttons over the raw config files.

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  • management network to a network port for additional ones munin and monit

    - by paolo
    management network to a network port for additional ones munin and monit I want to build a separate Netzwek for server management. I have several network cards a linux / debian / ubuntu with computer. Set both network cards sin in the /etc/network/interfaces. # The primary network interface #allow-hotplug eth0 #iface eth0 inet dhcp auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 10.0.0.240 netmast 255.255.255.0 network 10.0.0.0 brodacast 10.0.0.255 gateway 10.0.0.254 auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 10.0.10.240 netmast 255.255.255.0 network 10.0.10.0 brodacast 10.0.10.255 post-up ip route add 10.0.0.0/24 dev eth0 src 10.0.0.240 table eth0-WAN post-up ip route add default via 10.0.0.254 table eth0-WAN post-up ip route add 10.0.10.0/24 dev eth1 src 10.0.10.240 table eth1-LAN post-up ip route add default via 10.0.10.200 table eth1-LAN post-up ip rule add from 10.0.0.240 table eth0-WAN post-up ip rule add from 10.0.10.240 table eth1-LAN still i adjusted / etc/iproute2/rt_tables and following routes set up in the /etc/network/interfaces I want to have both applications and the network interface separately as munin and monit only on eth1 and not have to eth0. it goes to the reboot but sometimes not always. # Traceroute-i eth1 10.0.10.200 not go what am I doing wrong?

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  • Web based KVM management for Ubuntu

    - by Tim
    We've got a single Ubuntu 9.10 root server on which we want to run multiple KVM virtual machines. To administer these virtual machines I'd like a web based KVM management tool, but I don't know which one to choose from the list of tools mentioned on linux-kvm.org. I've used virsh & virt-manager on my desktop, but would like a web interface for the server. I tested ConVirt on my desktop, but it failed to pickup KVM machines from virsh / virt-manager, and I could not get KVM virtual machine import to work (only Xen). oVirt looks good, but I can't find out if and how I can install it on Ubuntu 9.10.. (And I'd really rather not waste another few days on testing stuff that might not work in the end.) Can anyone recommend any good web based KVM management tools that are easy to install on Ubuntu 9.10? I'm looking for something that will also allow me to run other services like apache and postgresql besides hosting virtual machines, so preferably fairly lightweight & no dedicated OS installs. We don't need any professional clustering / migration or anything, just something that will let us create, start, inspect, administer & stop virtual machines from a web page. Best regards, Tim Update: Anyone have any suggestions? It's awfully quiet here..

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  • Large Object Heap Fragmentation

    - by Paul Ruane
    The C#/.NET application I am working on is suffering from a slow memory leak. I have used CDB with SOS to try to determine what is happening but the data does not seem to make any sense so I was hoping one of you may have experienced this before. The application is running on the 64 bit framework. It is continuously calculating and serialising data to a remote host and is hitting the Large Object Heap (LOH) a fair bit. However, most of the LOH objects I expect to be transient: once the calculation is complete and has been sent to the remote host, the memory should be freed. What I am seeing, however, is a large number of (live) object arrays interleaved with free blocks of memory, e.g., taking a random segment from the LOH: 0:000> !DumpHeap 000000005b5b1000 000000006351da10 Address MT Size ... 000000005d4f92e0 0000064280c7c970 16147872 000000005e45f880 00000000001661d0 1901752 Free 000000005e62fd38 00000642788d8ba8 1056 <-- 000000005e630158 00000000001661d0 5988848 Free 000000005ebe6348 00000642788d8ba8 1056 000000005ebe6768 00000000001661d0 6481336 Free 000000005f214d20 00000642788d8ba8 1056 000000005f215140 00000000001661d0 7346016 Free 000000005f9168a0 00000642788d8ba8 1056 000000005f916cc0 00000000001661d0 7611648 Free 00000000600591c0 00000642788d8ba8 1056 00000000600595e0 00000000001661d0 264808 Free ... Obviously I would expect this to be the case if my application were creating long-lived, large objects during each calculation. (It does do this and I accept there will be a degree of LOH fragmentation but that is not the problem here.) The problem is the very small (1056 byte) object arrays you can see in the above dump which I cannot see in code being created and which are remaining rooted somehow. Also note that CDB is not reporting the type when the heap segment is dumped: I am not sure if this is related or not. If I dump the marked (<--) object, CDB/SOS reports it fine: 0:015> !DumpObj 000000005e62fd38 Name: System.Object[] MethodTable: 00000642788d8ba8 EEClass: 00000642789d7660 Size: 1056(0x420) bytes Array: Rank 1, Number of elements 128, Type CLASS Element Type: System.Object Fields: None The elements of the object array are all strings and the strings are recognisable as from our application code. Also, I am unable to find their GC roots as the !GCRoot command hangs and never comes back (I have even tried leaving it overnight). So, I would very much appreciate it if anyone could shed any light as to why these small (<85k) object arrays are ending up on the LOH: what situations will .NET put a small object array in there? Also, does anyone happen to know of an alternative way of ascertaining the roots of these objects? Thanks in advance. Update 1 Another theory I came up with late yesterday is that these object arrays started out large but have been shrunk leaving the blocks of free memory that are evident in the memory dumps. What makes me suspicious is that the object arrays always appear to be 1056 bytes long (128 elements), 128 * 8 for the references and 32 bytes of overhead. The idea is that perhaps some unsafe code in a library or in the CLR is corrupting the number of elements field in the array header. Bit of a long shot I know... Update 2 Thanks to Brian Rasmussen (see accepted answer) the problem has been identified as fragmentation of the LOH caused by the string intern table! I wrote a quick test application to confirm this: static void Main() { const int ITERATIONS = 100000; for (int index = 0; index < ITERATIONS; ++index) { string str = "NonInterned" + index; Console.Out.WriteLine(str); } Console.Out.WriteLine("Continue."); Console.In.ReadLine(); for (int index = 0; index < ITERATIONS; ++index) { string str = string.Intern("Interned" + index); Console.Out.WriteLine(str); } Console.Out.WriteLine("Continue?"); Console.In.ReadLine(); } The application first creates and dereferences unique strings in a loop. This is just to prove that the memory does not leak in this scenario. Obviously it should not and it does not. In the second loop, unique strings are created and interned. This action roots them in the intern table. What I did not realise is how the intern table is represented. It appears it consists of a set of pages -- object arrays of 128 string elements -- that are created in the LOH. This is more evident in CDB/SOS: 0:000> .loadby sos mscorwks 0:000> !EEHeap -gc Number of GC Heaps: 1 generation 0 starts at 0x00f7a9b0 generation 1 starts at 0x00e79c3c generation 2 starts at 0x00b21000 ephemeral segment allocation context: none segment begin allocated size 00b20000 00b21000 010029bc 0x004e19bc(5118396) Large object heap starts at 0x01b21000 segment begin allocated size 01b20000 01b21000 01b8ade0 0x00069de0(433632) Total Size 0x54b79c(5552028) ------------------------------ GC Heap Size 0x54b79c(5552028) Taking a dump of the LOH segment reveals the pattern I saw in the leaking application: 0:000> !DumpHeap 01b21000 01b8ade0 ... 01b8a120 793040bc 528 01b8a330 00175e88 16 Free 01b8a340 793040bc 528 01b8a550 00175e88 16 Free 01b8a560 793040bc 528 01b8a770 00175e88 16 Free 01b8a780 793040bc 528 01b8a990 00175e88 16 Free 01b8a9a0 793040bc 528 01b8abb0 00175e88 16 Free 01b8abc0 793040bc 528 01b8add0 00175e88 16 Free total 1568 objects Statistics: MT Count TotalSize Class Name 00175e88 784 12544 Free 793040bc 784 421088 System.Object[] Total 1568 objects Note that the object array size is 528 (rather than 1056) because my workstation is 32 bit and the application server is 64 bit. The object arrays are still 128 elements long. So the moral to this story is to be very careful interning. If the string you are interning is not known to be a member of a finite set then your application will leak due to fragmentation of the LOH, at least in version 2 of the CLR. In our application's case, there is general code in the deserialisation code path that interns entity identifiers during unmarshalling: I now strongly suspect this is the culprit. However, the developer's intentions were obviously good as they wanted to make sure that if the same entity is deserialised multiple times then only one instance of the identifier string will be maintained in memory.

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  • What is my peak total memory usage? How much of my RAM is actually being actively used?

    - by William C
    Hi, Is there an app or utility in Windows that shows me the peak value of in-use memory (i.e., the total of the shareable and private memory of processes, drivers and the operating system) (not standby nor free)? I've got lots of memory and I'm installing an in-memory file cache, called "eBoostr", and would like an idea how much memory to allocate for it and still avoid deteriorating page faults. Essentially, I want the answer to the question, "How much of my RAM is actually being actively used?" W

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  • Design approach, string table data, variables, stl memory usage

    - by howieh
    I have an old structure class like this: typedef vector<vector<string>> VARTYPE_T; which works as a single variable. This variable can hold from one value over a list to data like a table. Most values are long,double, string or double [3] for coordinates (x,y,z). I just convert them as needed. The variables are managed in a map like this : map<string,VARTYPE_T *> where the string holds the variable name. Sure, they are wrapped in classes. Also i have a tree of nodes, where each node can hold one of these variablemaps. Using VS 2008 SP1 for this, i detect a lot of memory fragmentation. Checking against the stlport, stlport seemed to be faster (20% ) and uses lesser memory (30%, for my test cases). So the question is: What is the best implementation to solve this requirement with fast an properly used memory ? Should i write an own allocator like a pool allocator. How would you do this ? Thanks in advance, Howie

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  • UIWebView rotation and memory problem

    - by Fer
    Hi. I have an UIWebView that loads a embedded XHTML like this: body = [[UIWebView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, self.view.frame.size.width, self.view.frame.size.height)]; body.scalesPageToFit = YES; body.backgroundColor = [UIColor scrollViewTexturedBackgroundColor]; body.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleBottomMargin | UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth | UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleLeftMargin | UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleRightMargin; [self.view addSubview:body]; [body loadRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"article16" ofType:@"xhtml"]isDirectory:NO]]]; This XHTML have a lot of images, and when I rotate the device I got some memory warnings, and sometimes the app crashes. If I remove the autoresizing mask, specifically the UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth (I have tryed with only UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleLeftMargin and UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleRightMargin with no problems), the memory warning stops, and the app does not crash anymore. If I remove all autoresizing mask, and set the new webView frame in didRotate or willRotate, I got the same warnings as using the UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth. There's a app, called Atomic Web that could open the same XHTML and rotate with no memory warnings, and safari can open it as well, but if I create a project with only that UIWebView, the app sometimes crashes. Someone knows what this may be? Can I set the webview frame in other way? Why can't I use the autoresizing mask? Thanks for your attention.

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  • Allowed memory size of 33554432 bytes exhausted (tried to allocate 93 bytes) error in php

    - by Chris
    I inserted the following code: $counter = 1; while($_POST['additional_contact1'] != '' || $_POST['additional_contact2'] != '' || $_POST['additional_contact3'] != '') { if($_POST['additional_contact' . $counter] != '') { $_SESSION['contact'][$counter]['additional_contact'] = $_POST['additional_contact' . $counter]; $_SESSION['contact'][$counter]['additional_int_prefix'] = $_POST['additional_int_prefix' . $counter]; $_SESSION['contact'][$counter]['additional_prefix'] = $_POST['additional_prefix' . $counter]; $_SESSION['contact'][$counter]['additional_first'] = $_POST['additional_first' . $counter]; $_SESSION['contact'][$counter]['additional_last'] = $_POST['additional_last' . $counter]; } else { $_SESSION['contact'][$counter]['additional_contact'] = null; $_SESSION['contact'][$counter]['additional_int_prefix'] = null; $_SESSION['contact'][$counter]['additional_prefix'] = null; $_SESSION['contact'][$counter]['additional_first'] = null; $_SESSION['contact'][$counter]['additional_last'] = null; } $counter++; } and I received this error: Fatal error: Allowed memory size of 33554432 bytes exhausted (tried to allocate 93 bytes) I tried to increase the memory limit with ini_set(), but it still won't work at 96M. What am I doing wrong with my code to make it need so much memory? How can I solve this problem?

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