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• How can I bind to a helper property in Silverlight

  - by Matt

  For the sake of argument, here's a simple person class public class Person : DependencyObject, INotifyPropertyChanged { public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged; public static readonly DependencyProperty FirstNameProperty = DependencyProperty.Register( "FirstName", typeof ( string ), typeof ( Person ), null ); public static readonly DependencyProperty LastNameProperty = DependencyProperty.Register( "LastName", typeof( string ), typeof( Person ), null ); public string FirstName { get { return ( string ) GetValue( FirstNameProperty ); } set { SetValue( FirstNameProperty, value ); if(PropertyChanged != null) PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs( "FirstName" )); } } public string LastName { get { return ( string ) GetValue( LastNameProperty ); } set { SetValue( LastNameProperty, value ); if ( PropertyChanged != null ) PropertyChanged( this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs( "LastName" ) ); } } } I want to go about creating a readonly property like this public string FullName { get { return FirstName + " " + LastName; } } How does binding work in this scenario? I've tried adding a DependancyProperty and raised the PropertyChanged event for the fullname. Basically I just want to have a property that I can bind to that returns the fullname of a user whenever the first or last name changes. Here's the final class I'm using with the modifications. public class Person : DependencyObject, INotifyPropertyChanged { public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged; public static readonly DependencyProperty FirstNameProperty = DependencyProperty.Register( "FirstName", typeof ( string ), typeof ( Person ), null ); public static readonly DependencyProperty LastNameProperty = DependencyProperty.Register( "LastName", typeof( string ), typeof( Person ), null ); public static readonly DependencyProperty FullNameProperty = DependencyProperty.Register( "FullName", typeof( string ), typeof( Person ), null ); public string FirstName { get { return ( string ) GetValue( FirstNameProperty ); } set { SetValue( FirstNameProperty, value ); if ( PropertyChanged != null ) { PropertyChanged( this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs( "FirstName" ) ); PropertyChanged( this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs( "FullName" ) ); } } } public string LastName { get { return ( string ) GetValue( LastNameProperty ); } set { SetValue( LastNameProperty, value ); if ( PropertyChanged != null ) { PropertyChanged( this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs( "LastName" ) ); PropertyChanged( this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs( "FullName" ) ); } } } public string FullName { get { return GetValue( FirstNameProperty ) + " " + GetValue( LastNameProperty ); } } }

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• Creating a custom module for Orchard

  - by Moran Monovich

  I created a custom module using this guide from Orchard documentation, but for some reason I can't see the fields in the content type when I want to create a new one. this is my model: public class CustomerPartRecord : ContentPartRecord { public virtual string FirstName { get; set; } public virtual string LastName { get; set; } public virtual int PhoneNumber { get; set; } public virtual string Address { get; set; } public virtual string Profession { get; set; } public virtual string ProDescription { get; set; } public virtual int Hours { get; set; } } public class CustomerPart : ContentPart<CustomerPartRecord> { [Required(ErrorMessage="you must enter your first name")] [StringLength(200)] public string FirstName { get { return Record.FirstName; } set { Record.FirstName = value; } } [Required(ErrorMessage = "you must enter your last name")] [StringLength(200)] public string LastName { get { return Record.LastName; } set { Record.LastName = value; } } [Required(ErrorMessage = "you must enter your phone number")] [DataType(DataType.PhoneNumber)] public int PhoneNumber { get { return Record.PhoneNumber; } set { Record.PhoneNumber = value; } } [StringLength(200)] public string Address { get { return Record.Address; } set { Record.Address = value; } } [Required(ErrorMessage = "you must enter your profession")] [StringLength(200)] public string Profession { get { return Record.Profession; } set { Record.Profession = value; } } [StringLength(500)] public string ProDescription { get { return Record.ProDescription; } set { Record.ProDescription = value; } } [Required(ErrorMessage = "you must enter your hours")] public int Hours { get { return Record.Hours; } set { Record.Hours = value; } } } this is the Handler: class CustomerHandler : ContentHandler { public CustomerHandler(IRepository<CustomerPartRecord> repository) { Filters.Add(StorageFilter.For(repository)); } } the Driver: class CustomerDriver : ContentPartDriver<CustomerPart> { protected override DriverResult Display(CustomerPart part, string displayType, dynamic shapeHelper) { return ContentShape("Parts_Customer", () => shapeHelper.Parts_BankCustomer( FirstName: part.FirstName, LastName: part.LastName, PhoneNumber: part.PhoneNumber, Address: part.Address, Profession: part.Profession, ProDescription: part.ProDescription, Hours: part.Hours)); } //GET protected override DriverResult Editor(CustomerPart part, dynamic shapeHelper) { return ContentShape("Parts_Customer", () => shapeHelper.EditorTemplate( TemplateName:"Parts/Customer", Model: part, Prefix: Prefix)); } //POST protected override DriverResult Editor(CustomerPart part, IUpdateModel updater, dynamic shapeHelper) { updater.TryUpdateModel(part, Prefix, null, null); return Editor(part, shapeHelper); } the migration: public class Migrations : DataMigrationImpl { public int Create() { // Creating table CustomerPartRecord SchemaBuilder.CreateTable("CustomerPartRecord", table => table .ContentPartRecord() .Column("FirstName", DbType.String) .Column("LastName", DbType.String) .Column("PhoneNumber", DbType.Int32) .Column("Address", DbType.String) .Column("Profession", DbType.String) .Column("ProDescription", DbType.String) .Column("Hours", DbType.Int32) ); return 1; } public int UpdateFrom1() { ContentDefinitionManager.AlterPartDefinition("CustomerPart", builder => builder.Attachable()); return 2; } public int UpdateFrom2() { ContentDefinitionManager.AlterTypeDefinition("Customer", cfg => cfg .WithPart("CommonPart") .WithPart("RoutePart") .WithPart("BodyPart") .WithPart("CustomerPart") .WithPart("CommentsPart") .WithPart("TagsPart") .WithPart("LocalizationPart") .Creatable() .Indexed()); return 3; } } Can someone please tell me if I am missing something?

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• Should a protected property in a C# child class hide access to a public property on the parent?

  - by Tim

  I have the following code: public class Parent { public string MyField { get; set; } } public class Child : Parent { protected new int MyField { get; set; } } I try and access this with: static void Main(string[] args) { Child child = new Child(); child.MyField = "something"; } Visual studio 2008 compiles this without comment, but under Mono (2.4.2, Ubuntu) I get the error message 'HideTest.Child.MyField' is inaccessible due to its protection level (CS0122) Is one implementation or the other more compliant with the standard here?

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• better way of showing File Upload Errors?

  - by coure06

  Model: public class EmailAttachment { public string FileName { get; set; } public string FileType { get; set; } public int FileSize { get; set; } public Stream FileData { get; set; } } public class ContactEmail: IDataErrorInfo { public string Name { get; set; } public string Email { get; set; } public string Message { get; set; } public EmailAttachment Attachment { get; set; } public string Error { get { return null; } } public string this[string propName] { get { if (propName == "Name" && String.IsNullOrEmpty(Name)) return "Please Enter your Name"; if (propName == "Email"){ if(String.IsNullOrEmpty(Email)) return "Please Provide an Email Address"; else if(!Regex.IsMatch(Email, ".+\\@.+\\..+")) return "Please Enter a valid email Address"; } if (propName == "Message" && String.IsNullOrEmpty(Message)) return "Please Enter your Message"; return null; } }} And my controller file [AcceptVerbs(HttpVerbs.Post)] public ActionResult Con(ContactEmail ce, HttpPostedFileBase file) { return View(); } Now the Problem From the form i am getting Name,Email, Message and uploaded file. I can get validation errors automatically for Name,Email,Message using public string this[string propName]. How can i show validation errors if Attachment.FileSize 10000? If i write its code in public string this[string propName] i alwasy getting Attachment null. How can i fill Attachment Object of ContactEmail so that i can manage all errors on same place?

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• C# WinForms populating TreeView from List<myObj>

  - by user743354

  I have this structure of classes: public class L3Message { public int Number { get; set; } public string MessageName { get; set; } public string Device { get; set; } public string Time { get; set; } public string ScramblingCode { get; set; } public List<Parameter> Parameters { get; set; } public L3Message() { Parameters = new List<Parameter>(); } } public class Parameter { public int numOfWhitespaces { get; set; } public string ParameterName { get; set; } public string ParameterValue { get; set; } public Parameter Parent { get; set; } public List<Parameter> SubParameters { get; set; } public Parameter() { SubParameters = new List<Parameter>(); } } So, as return type from one of my Methods I have List of L3Messages (List < L3Message ), and I need to map that to TreeView in WinForms (populate TreeView from that List). If possible, I would like to that in separate thread. How can I achieve that?

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• Why have private fields in data contracts modified through public ones?

  - by Nordvind

  When you make a new WCF project, sample service is generated for you. The default data contract is (I've just changed the string type field title): [DataContract] public class CompositeType { bool boolValue = true; string name = ""; [DataMember] public bool BoolValue { get { return boolValue; } set { boolValue = value; } } [DataMember] public string Name { get { return name; } set { name = value; } } } What is the point of having those private fields boolValue and name? Is it a good practice writing some data sanitizing or some other manipulations in contract, thus bloating it? It seems the only sane reason for me not writing to fields directly. So is it a bloatware or it has some reason behind it?

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• Doubly linked lists

  - by user1642677

  I have an assignment that I am terribly lost on involving doubly linked lists (note, we are supposed to create it from scratch, not using built-in API's). The program is supposed to keep track of credit cards basically. My professor wants us to use doubly-linked lists to accomplish this. The problem is, the book does not go into detail on the subject (doesn't even show pseudo code involving doubly linked lists), it merely describes what a doubly linked list is and then talks with pictures and no code in a small paragraph. But anyway, I'm done complaining. I understand perfectly well how to create a node class and how it works. The problem is how do I use the nodes to create the list? Here is what I have so far. public class CardInfo { private String name; private String cardVendor; private String dateOpened; private double lastBalance; private int accountStatus; private final int MAX_NAME_LENGTH = 25; private final int MAX_VENDOR_LENGTH = 15; CardInfo() { } CardInfo(String n, String v, String d, double b, int s) { setName(n); setCardVendor(v); setDateOpened(d); setLastBalance(b); setAccountStatus(s); } public String getName() { return name; } public String getCardVendor() { return cardVendor; } public String getDateOpened() { return dateOpened; } public double getLastBalance() { return lastBalance; } public int getAccountStatus() { return accountStatus; } public void setName(String n) { if (n.length() > MAX_NAME_LENGTH) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too Many Characters"); else name = n; } public void setCardVendor(String v) { if (v.length() > MAX_VENDOR_LENGTH) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too Many Characters"); else cardVendor = v; } public void setDateOpened(String d) { dateOpened = d; } public void setLastBalance(double b) { lastBalance = b; } public void setAccountStatus(int s) { accountStatus = s; } public String toString() { return String.format("%-25s %-15s $%-s %-s %-s", name, cardVendor, lastBalance, dateOpened, accountStatus); } } public class CardInfoNode { CardInfo thisCard; CardInfoNode next; CardInfoNode prev; CardInfoNode() { } public void setCardInfo(CardInfo info) { thisCard.setName(info.getName()); thisCard.setCardVendor(info.getCardVendor()); thisCard.setLastBalance(info.getLastBalance()); thisCard.setDateOpened(info.getDateOpened()); thisCard.setAccountStatus(info.getAccountStatus()); } public CardInfo getInfo() { return thisCard; } public void setNext(CardInfoNode node) { next = node; } public void setPrev(CardInfoNode node) { prev = node; } public CardInfoNode getNext() { return next; } public CardInfoNode getPrev() { return prev; } } public class CardList { CardInfoNode head; CardInfoNode current; CardInfoNode tail; CardList() { head = current = tail = null; } public void insertCardInfo(CardInfo info) { if(head == null) { head = new CardInfoNode(); head.setCardInfo(info); head.setNext(tail); tail.setPrev(node) // here lies the problem. tail must be set to something // to make it doubly-linked. but tail is null since it's // and end point of the list. } } } Here is the assignment itself if it helps to clarify what is required and more importantly, the parts I'm not understanding. Thanks https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B3vVwsO0eQRaQlRSZG95eXlPcVE

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• Model binding broke after upgrade to Visual Studio 2010

  - by John

  I have an ASP.net MVC 1.0 VS2008 application that I just opened in Visual Studio 2010. When I did this Studio upgraded the app from VS2008 to the VS2010 project. It also upgraded the MVC references from 1.0 to 2.0. In my app I have a class for a form post, I then use the class for the model binding in the Action method so it will auto populate the values. This worked fine in mvc 1.0 but now it does not work in 2.0 after the upgrade. Does does anyone know why? Or where I should look to resolve this? Here is my class, public class Add_Postal_Form_Input { public string ACTION_RDO { get; set; } public string POSTALSELECT { get; set; } public string CNY_CD { get; set; } public string S_PST_LOW { get; set; } public string R_PST_LOW { get; set; } public string R_PST_HI { get; set; } public string G_PST_LOW { get; set; } public string G_GRP_CD { get; set; } public string CAT_CD { get; set; } public string SUB_CD { get; set; } public string ATTR_VAL { get; set; } public string NBG_HR { get; set; } public string NBG_MN { get; set; } public string REC_STT_DT { get; set; } public string REC_END_DT { get; set; } public string DEFAULT_DATE { get; set; } } Here is the method, [AcceptVerbs("POST")] public PartialViewResult AddData(Add_Postal_Form_Input FORM_IN) { Thanks

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• Add a List<object> to EF

  - by Billdr

  I'm playing around with EF, trying to get my bearings. Right now I'm writing a blackjack game for a website. The problem is that my whenever I pull a GameState from the database, the playerHand, dealerHand, theDeck, and dealerHidden properties are null. public class GameState { [Key] [DatabaseGeneratedAttribute(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity)] public int gameSession { get; set; } public int playerScore { get; set; } public int dealerScore { get; set; } public Deck theDeck { get; set; } public List<Cards> playerHand { get; set; } public List<Cards> dealerHand { get; set; } public Cards dealerHidden { get; set; } public bool gameOver { get; set; } } public class Cards { [Key] [DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity)] public int cardId { get; set; } public string cardName { get; set; } public int cardValue { get; set; } } public class GameStateContext : DbContext { public GameStateContext() : base("MyContext") { } protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder) { modelBuilder.Entity<GameState>().HasRequired(e => e.theDeck); modelBuilder.Entity<GameState>().HasRequired(e => e.dealerHand).WithMany().WillCascadeOnDelete(false); modelBuilder.Entity<GameState>().HasRequired(e => e.playerHand).WithMany().WillCascadeOnDelete(false); modelBuilder.Entity<GameState>().HasOptional(e => e.dealerHidden); modelBuilder.Entity<Deck>().HasRequired(e => e.cards).WithMany().WillCascadeOnDelete(false); base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder); } public DbSet<GameState> GameStates { get; set; } public DbSet<Deck> Decks { get; set; } public DbSet<Card> Cards { get; set; } } The cards and deck table are populated. Where am I going wrong?

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• Is there a way to only have StyleCop documenation requirements SA1600 on public methods/properties?

  - by AlSki

  I've been using XMLDoc for a few years now, and have definitely grown into the mindset for supplying quality documentation for public methods and properties. However under StyleCop (and particularly its Resharper highlighting) I've noticed that the documentation requirements apply to identically to public, internal, protected and private methods. This seems a little counter-intuative to me, so I would ideally like to suppress it down to suggestions at least for private methods. Unfortunately it does seem as if the suppress setting is only across all public, internal, private, etc. Am I missing something or is this by design?

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• UndoRedo on Nodes

  - by Geertjan

  When a change is made to the property in the Properties Window, below, the undo/redo functionality becomes enabled: When undo/redo are invoked, e.g., via the buttons in the toolbar, the display name of the node changes accordingly. The only problem I have is that the buttons only become enabled when the Person Window is selected, not when the Properties Window is selected, which would be desirable. Here's the Person object: public class Person implements PropertyChangeListener {     private String name;     public static final String PROP_NAME = "name";     public Person(String name) {         this.name = name;     }     public String getName() {         return name;     }     public void setName(String name) {         String oldName = this.name;         this.name = name;         propertyChangeSupport.firePropertyChange(PROP_NAME, oldName, name);     }     private transient final PropertyChangeSupport propertyChangeSupport = new PropertyChangeSupport(this);     public void addPropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener) {         propertyChangeSupport.addPropertyChangeListener(listener);     }     public void removePropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener) {         propertyChangeSupport.removePropertyChangeListener(listener);     }     @Override     public void propertyChange(PropertyChangeEvent evt) {         propertyChangeSupport.firePropertyChange(evt);     } } And here's the Node with UndoRedo enablement: public class PersonNode extends AbstractNode implements UndoRedo.Provider, PropertyChangeListener {     private UndoRedo.Manager manager = new UndoRedo.Manager();     private boolean undoRedoEvent;     public PersonNode(Person person) {         super(Children.LEAF, Lookups.singleton(person));         person.addPropertyChangeListener(this);         setDisplayName(person.getName());     }     @Override     protected Sheet createSheet() {         Sheet sheet = Sheet.createDefault();         Sheet.Set set = Sheet.createPropertiesSet();         set.put(new NameProperty(getLookup().lookup(Person.class)));         sheet.put(set);         return sheet;     }     @Override     public void propertyChange(PropertyChangeEvent evt) {         if (evt.getPropertyName().equals(Person.PROP_NAME)) {             firePropertyChange(evt.getPropertyName(), evt.getOldValue(), evt.getNewValue());         }     }     public void fireUndoableEvent(String property, Person source, Object oldValue, Object newValue) {         manager.addEdit(new MyAbstractUndoableEdit(source, oldValue, newValue));     }     @Override     public UndoRedo getUndoRedo() {         return manager;     }     @Override     public String getDisplayName() {         Person p = getLookup().lookup(Person.class);         if (p != null) {             return p.getName();         }         return super.getDisplayName();     }     private class NameProperty extends PropertySupport.ReadWrite<String> {         private Person p;         public NameProperty(Person p) {             super("name", String.class, "Name", "Name of Person");             this.p = p;         }         @Override         public String getValue() throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {             return p.getName();         }         @Override         public void setValue(String newValue) throws IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException {             String oldValue = p.getName();             p.setName(newValue);             if (!undoRedoEvent) {                 fireUndoableEvent("name", p, oldValue, newValue);                 fireDisplayNameChange(oldValue, newValue);             }         }     }     class MyAbstractUndoableEdit extends AbstractUndoableEdit {         private final String oldValue;         private final String newValue;         private final Person source;         private MyAbstractUndoableEdit(Person source, Object oldValue, Object newValue) {             this.oldValue = oldValue.toString();             this.newValue = newValue.toString();             this.source = source;         }         @Override         public boolean canRedo() {             return true;         }         @Override         public boolean canUndo() {             return true;         }         @Override         public void undo() throws CannotUndoException {             undoRedoEvent = true;             source.setName(oldValue.toString());             fireDisplayNameChange(oldValue, newValue);             undoRedoEvent = false;         }         @Override         public void redo() throws CannotUndoException {             undoRedoEvent = true;             source.setName(newValue.toString());             fireDisplayNameChange(oldValue, newValue);             undoRedoEvent = false;         }     } } Does anyone out there know how to have the Undo/Redo functionality enabled when the Properties Window is selected?

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• Make Your Menu Item Highlighted

  - by Shaun

  When I was working on the TalentOn project (Promotion in MSDN Chinese) I was asked to implement a functionality that makes the top menu items highlighted when the currently viewing page was in that section. This might be a common scenario in the web application development I think.   Simple Example When thinking about the solution of the highlighted menu items the biggest problem would be how to define the sections (menu item) and the pages it belongs to rather than making the menu highlighted. With the ASP.NET MVC framework we can use the controller – action infrastructure for us to achieve it. Each controllers would have a related menu item on the master page normally. The menu item would be highlighted if any of the views under this controller are being shown. Some specific menu items would be highlighted of that action was invoked, for example the home page, the about page, etc. The check rule can be specified on-demand. For example I can define the action LogOn and Register of Account controller should make the Account menu item highlighted while the ChangePassword should make the Profile menu item highlighted. I’m going to use the HtmlHelper to render the highlight-able menu item. The key point is that I need to pass the predication to check whether the current view belongs to this menu item which means this menu item should be highlighted or not. Hence I need a delegate as its parameter. The simplest code would be like this. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: using System.Linq; 4: using System.Web; 5: using System.Web.Mvc; 6: using System.Web.Mvc.Html; 7:  8: namespace ShaunXu.Blogs.HighlighMenuItem 9: { 10: public static class HighlightMenuItemHelper 11: { 12: public static MvcHtmlString HighlightMenuItem(this HtmlHelper helper, 13: string text, string controllerName, string actionName, object routeData, object htmlAttributes, 14: string highlightText, object highlightHtmlAttributes, 15: Func<HtmlHelper, bool> highlightPredicate) 16: { 17: var shouldHighlight = highlightPredicate.Invoke(helper); 18: if (shouldHighlight) 19: { 20: return helper.ActionLink(string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(highlightText) ? text : highlightText, 21: actionName, controllerName, routeData, highlightHtmlAttributes == null ? htmlAttributes : highlightHtmlAttributes); 22: } 23: else 24: { 25: return helper.ActionLink(text, actionName, controllerName, routeData, htmlAttributes); 26: } 27: } 28: } 29: } There are 3 groups of the parameters: the first group would be the same as the in-build ActionLink method parameters. It has the link text, controller name and action name, etc passed in so that I can render a valid linkage for the menu item. The second group would be more focus on the highlight link text and Html attributes. I will use them to render the highlight menu item. The third group, which contains one parameter, would be a predicate that tells me whether this menu item should be highlighted or not based on the user’s definition. And then I changed my master page of the sample MVC application. I let the Home and About menu highlighted only when the Index and About action are invoked. And I added a new menu named Account which should be highlighted for all actions/views under its Account controller. So my master would be like this. 1: <div id="menucontainer"> 2:  3: <ul id="menu"> 4: <li><% 1: : Html.HighlightMenuItem( 2: "Home", "Home", "Index", null, null, 3: "[Home]", null, 4: helper => helper.ViewContext.RouteData.Values["controller"].ToString() == "Home" 5: && helper.ViewContext.RouteData.Values["action"].ToString() == "Index")%></li> 5:  6: <li><% 1: : Html.HighlightMenuItem( 2: "About", "Home", "About", null, null, 3: "[About]", null, 4: helper => helper.ViewContext.RouteData.Values["controller"].ToString() == "Home" 5: && helper.ViewContext.RouteData.Values["action"].ToString() == "About")%></li> 7:  8: <li><% 1: : Html.HighlightMenuItem( 2: "Account", "Account", "LogOn", null, null, 3: "[Account]", null, 4: helper => helper.ViewContext.RouteData.Values["controller"].ToString() == "Account")%></li> 9: 10: </ul> 11:  12: </div> Note: You need to add the import section for the namespace “ShaunXu.Blogs.HighlighMenuItem” to make the extension method I created below available. So let’s see the result. When the home page was shown the Home menu was highlighted since at this moment it was controller = Home and action = Index. And if I clicked the About menu you can see it turned highlighted as now the action was About. And if I navigated to the register page the Account menu was highlighted since it should be like that when any actions under the Account controller was invoked.   Fluently Language Till now it’s a fully example for the highlight menu item but not perfect yet. Since the most common scenario would be: highlighted when the action invoked, or highlighted when any action was invoked under this controller, we can created 2 shortcut method so for them so that normally the developer will be no need to specify the delegation. Another place we can improve would be, to make the method more user-friendly, or I should say developer-friendly. As you can see when we want to add a highlight menu item we need to specify 8 parameters and we need to remember what they mean. In fact we can make the method more “fluently” so that the developer can have the hints when using it by the Visual Studio IntelliSense. Below is the full code for it. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: using System.Linq; 4: using System.Web; 5: using System.Web.Mvc; 6: using System.Web.Mvc.Html; 7:  8: namespace Ethos.Xrm.HR 9: { 10: #region Helper 11:  12: public static class HighlightActionMenuHelper 13: { 14: public static IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterCreated HighlightActionMenu(this HtmlHelper helper) 15: { 16: return new HighlightActionMenuProvider(helper); 17: } 18: } 19:  20: #endregion 21:  22: #region Interfaces 23:  24: public interface IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterCreated 25: { 26: IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterOn On(string actionName, string controllerName); 27: } 28:  29: public interface IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterOn 30: { 31: IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterWith With(string text, object routeData, object htmlAttributes); 32: } 33:  34: public interface IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterWith 35: { 36: IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterHighlightWhen HighlightWhen(Func<HtmlHelper, bool> predicate); 37: IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterHighlightWhen HighlightWhenControllerMatch(); 38: IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterHighlightWhen HighlightWhenControllerAndActionMatch(); 39: } 40:  41: public interface IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterHighlightWhen 42: { 43: IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterApplyHighlightStyle ApplyHighlighStyle(object highlightHtmlAttributes, string highlightText); 44: IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterApplyHighlightStyle ApplyHighlighStyle(object highlightHtmlAttributes); 45: IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterApplyHighlightStyle ApplyHighlighStyle(string cssClass, string highlightText); 46: IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterApplyHighlightStyle ApplyHighlighStyle(string cssClass); 47: } 48:  49: public interface IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterApplyHighlightStyle 50: { 51: MvcHtmlString ToActionLink(); 52: } 53:  54: #endregion 55:  56: public class HighlightActionMenuProvider : 57: IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterCreated, 58: IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterOn, IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterWith, 59: IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterHighlightWhen, IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterApplyHighlightStyle 60: { 61: private HtmlHelper _helper; 62:  63: private string _controllerName; 64: private string _actionName; 65: private string _text; 66: private object _routeData; 67: private object _htmlAttributes; 68:  69: private Func<HtmlHelper, bool> _highlightPredicate; 70:  71: private string _highlightText; 72: private object _highlightHtmlAttributes; 73:  74: public HighlightActionMenuProvider(HtmlHelper helper) 75: { 76: _helper = helper; 77: } 78:  79: public IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterOn On(string actionName, string controllerName) 80: { 81: _actionName = actionName; 82: _controllerName = controllerName; 83: return this; 84: } 85:  86: public IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterWith With(string text, object routeData, object htmlAttributes) 87: { 88: _text = text; 89: _routeData = routeData; 90: _htmlAttributes = htmlAttributes; 91: return this; 92: } 93:  94: public IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterHighlightWhen HighlightWhen(Func<HtmlHelper, bool> predicate) 95: { 96: _highlightPredicate = predicate; 97: return this; 98: } 99:  100: public IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterHighlightWhen HighlightWhenControllerMatch() 101: { 102: return HighlightWhen((helper) => 103: { 104: return helper.ViewContext.RouteData.Values["controller"].ToString().ToLower() == _controllerName.ToLower(); 105: }); 106: } 107:  108: public IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterHighlightWhen HighlightWhenControllerAndActionMatch() 109: { 110: return HighlightWhen((helper) => 111: { 112: return helper.ViewContext.RouteData.Values["controller"].ToString().ToLower() == _controllerName.ToLower() && 113: helper.ViewContext.RouteData.Values["action"].ToString().ToLower() == _actionName.ToLower(); 114: }); 115: } 116:  117: public IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterApplyHighlightStyle ApplyHighlighStyle(object highlightHtmlAttributes, string highlightText) 118: { 119: _highlightText = highlightText; 120: _highlightHtmlAttributes = highlightHtmlAttributes; 121: return this; 122: } 123:  124: public IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterApplyHighlightStyle ApplyHighlighStyle(object highlightHtmlAttributes) 125: { 126: return ApplyHighlighStyle(highlightHtmlAttributes, _text); 127: } 128:  129: public IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterApplyHighlightStyle ApplyHighlighStyle(string cssClass, string highlightText) 130: { 131: return ApplyHighlighStyle(new { @class = cssClass }, highlightText); 132: } 133:  134: public IHighlightActionMenuProviderAfterApplyHighlightStyle ApplyHighlighStyle(string cssClass) 135: { 136: return ApplyHighlighStyle(new { @class = cssClass }, _text); 137: } 138:  139: public MvcHtmlString ToActionLink() 140: { 141: if (_highlightPredicate.Invoke(_helper)) 142: { 143: // should be highlight 144: return _helper.ActionLink(_highlightText, _actionName, _controllerName, _routeData, _highlightHtmlAttributes); 145: } 146: else 147: { 148: // should not be highlight 149: return _helper.ActionLink(_text, _actionName, _controllerName, _routeData, _htmlAttributes); 150: } 151: } 152: } 153: } So in the master page when I need the highlight menu item I can “tell” the helper how it should be, just like this. 1: <li> 2: <% 1: : Html.HighlightActionMenu() 2: .On("Index", "Home") 3: .With(SiteMasterStrings.Home, null, null) 4: .HighlightWhenControllerMatch() 5: .ApplyHighlighStyle(new { style = "background:url(../../Content/Images/topmenu_bg.gif) repeat-x;text-decoration:none;color:#feffff;" }) 6: .ToActionLink() %> 3: </li> While I’m typing the code the IntelliSense will advise me that I need a highlight action menu, on the Index action of the Home controller, with the “Home” as its link text and no need the additional route data and Html attributes, and it should be highlighted when the controller was “Home”, and if it’s highlighted the style should be like this and finally render it to me. This is something we call “Fluently Language”. If you had been using Moq you will see that’s very development-friendly, document-ly and easy to read.   Summary In this post I demonstrated how to implement a highlight menu item in ASP.NET MVC by using its controller – action infrastructure. We can see the ASP.NET MVC helps us to organize our web application better. And then I also told a little bit more on the “Fluently Language” and showed how it will make our code better and easy to be used.   Hope this helps, Shaun   All documents and related graphics, codes are provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind. Copyright © Shaun Ziyan Xu. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons License.

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• Search in Projects API

  - by Geertjan

  Today I got some help from Jaroslav Havlin, the creator of the new "Search in Projects API". Below are the steps to create a search provider that finds recently modified files, via a new tab in the "Find in Projects" dialog: Here's how to get to the above result. Create a new NetBeans module project named "RecentlyModifiedFilesSearch". Then set dependencies on these libraries: Search in Projects API Lookup API Utilities API Dialogs API Datasystems API File System API Nodes API Create and register an implementation of "SearchProvider". This class tells the application the name of the provider and how it can be used. It should be registered via the @ServiceProvider annotation.Methods to implement: Method createPresenter creates a new object that is added to the "Find in Projects" dialog when it is opened. Method isReplaceSupported should return true if this provider support replacing, not only searching. If you want to disable the search provider (e.g., there aren't required external tools available in the OS), return false from isEnabled. Method getTitle returns a string that will be shown in the tab in the "Find in Projects" dialog. It can be localizable. Example file "org.netbeans.example.search.ExampleSearchProvider": package org.netbeans.example.search; import org.netbeans.spi.search.provider.SearchProvider; import org.netbeans.spi.search.provider.SearchProvider.Presenter; import org.openide.util.lookup.ServiceProvider; @ServiceProvider(service = SearchProvider.class) public class ExampleSearchProvider extends SearchProvider { @Override public Presenter createPresenter(boolean replaceMode) { return new ExampleSearchPresenter(this); } @Override public boolean isReplaceSupported() { return false; } @Override public boolean isEnabled() { return true; } @Override public String getTitle() { return "Recent Files Search"; } } Next, we need to create a SearchProvider.Presenter. This is an object that is passed to the "Find in Projects" dialog and contains a visual component to show in the dialog, together with some methods to interact with it.Methods to implement: Method getForm returns a JComponent that should contain controls for various search criteria. In the example below, we have controls for a file name pattern, search scope, and the age of files. Method isUsable is called by the dialog to check whether the Find button should be enabled or not. You can use NotificationLineSupport passed as its argument to set a display error, warning, or info message. Method composeSearch is used to apply the settings and prepare a search task. It returns a SearchComposition object, as shown below. Please note that the example uses ComponentUtils.adjustComboForFileName (and similar methods), that modifies a JComboBox component to act as a combo box for selection of file name pattern. These methods were designed to make working with components created in a GUI Builder comfortable. Remember to call fireChange whenever the value of any criteria changes. Example file "org.netbeans.example.search.ExampleSearchPresenter": package org.netbeans.example.search; import java.awt.FlowLayout; import javax.swing.BoxLayout; import javax.swing.JComboBox; import javax.swing.JComponent; import javax.swing.JLabel; import javax.swing.JPanel; import javax.swing.JSlider; import javax.swing.event.ChangeEvent; import javax.swing.event.ChangeListener; import org.netbeans.api.search.SearchScopeOptions; import org.netbeans.api.search.ui.ComponentUtils; import org.netbeans.api.search.ui.FileNameController; import org.netbeans.api.search.ui.ScopeController; import org.netbeans.api.search.ui.ScopeOptionsController; import org.netbeans.spi.search.provider.SearchComposition; import org.netbeans.spi.search.provider.SearchProvider; import org.openide.NotificationLineSupport; import org.openide.util.HelpCtx; public class ExampleSearchPresenter extends SearchProvider.Presenter { private JPanel panel = null; ScopeOptionsController scopeSettingsPanel; FileNameController fileNameComboBox; ScopeController scopeComboBox; ChangeListener changeListener; JSlider slider; public ExampleSearchPresenter(SearchProvider searchProvider) { super(searchProvider, false); } /** * Get UI component that can be added to the search dialog. */ @Override public synchronized JComponent getForm() { if (panel == null) { panel = new JPanel(); panel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(panel, BoxLayout.PAGE_AXIS)); JPanel row1 = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEADING)); JPanel row2 = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEADING)); JPanel row3 = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEADING)); row1.add(new JLabel("Age in hours: ")); slider = new JSlider(1, 72); row1.add(slider); final JLabel hoursLabel = new JLabel(String.valueOf(slider.getValue())); row1.add(hoursLabel); row2.add(new JLabel("File name: ")); fileNameComboBox = ComponentUtils.adjustComboForFileName(new JComboBox()); row2.add(fileNameComboBox.getComponent()); scopeSettingsPanel = ComponentUtils.adjustPanelForOptions(new JPanel(), false, fileNameComboBox); row3.add(new JLabel("Scope: ")); scopeComboBox = ComponentUtils.adjustComboForScope(new JComboBox(), null); row3.add(scopeComboBox.getComponent()); panel.add(row1); panel.add(row3); panel.add(row2); panel.add(scopeSettingsPanel.getComponent()); initChangeListener(); slider.addChangeListener(new ChangeListener() { @Override public void stateChanged(ChangeEvent e) { hoursLabel.setText(String.valueOf(slider.getValue())); } }); } return panel; } private void initChangeListener() { this.changeListener = new ChangeListener() { @Override public void stateChanged(ChangeEvent e) { fireChange(); } }; fileNameComboBox.addChangeListener(changeListener); scopeSettingsPanel.addChangeListener(changeListener); slider.addChangeListener(changeListener); } @Override public HelpCtx getHelpCtx() { return null; // Some help should be provided, omitted for simplicity. } /** * Create search composition for criteria specified in the form. */ @Override public SearchComposition<?> composeSearch() { SearchScopeOptions sso = scopeSettingsPanel.getSearchScopeOptions(); return new ExampleSearchComposition(sso, scopeComboBox.getSearchInfo(), slider.getValue(), this); } /** * Here we return always true, but could return false e.g. if file name * pattern is empty. */ @Override public boolean isUsable(NotificationLineSupport notifySupport) { return true; } } The last part of our search provider is the implementation of SearchComposition. This is a composition of various search parameters, the actual search algorithm, and the displayer that presents the results.Methods to implement: The most important method here is start, which performs the actual search. In this case, SearchInfo and SearchScopeOptions objects are used for traversing. These objects were provided by controllers of GUI components (in the presenter). When something interesting is found, it should be displayed (with SearchResultsDisplayer.addMatchingObject). Method getSearchResultsDisplayer should return the displayer associated with this composition. The displayer can be created by subclassing SearchResultsDisplayer class or simply by using the SearchResultsDisplayer.createDefault. Then you only need a helper object that can create nodes for found objects. Example file "org.netbeans.example.search.ExampleSearchComposition": package org.netbeans.example.search; public class ExampleSearchComposition extends SearchComposition<DataObject> { SearchScopeOptions searchScopeOptions; SearchInfo searchInfo; int oldInHours; SearchResultsDisplayer<DataObject> resultsDisplayer; private final Presenter presenter; AtomicBoolean terminated = new AtomicBoolean(false); public ExampleSearchComposition(SearchScopeOptions searchScopeOptions, SearchInfo searchInfo, int oldInHours, Presenter presenter) { this.searchScopeOptions = searchScopeOptions; this.searchInfo = searchInfo; this.oldInHours = oldInHours; this.presenter = presenter; } @Override public void start(SearchListener listener) { for (FileObject fo : searchInfo.getFilesToSearch( searchScopeOptions, listener, terminated)) { if (ageInHours(fo) < oldInHours) { try { DataObject dob = DataObject.find(fo); getSearchResultsDisplayer().addMatchingObject(dob); } catch (DataObjectNotFoundException ex) { listener.fileContentMatchingError(fo.getPath(), ex); } } } } @Override public void terminate() { terminated.set(true); } @Override public boolean isTerminated() { return terminated.get(); } /** * Use default displayer to show search results. */ @Override public synchronized SearchResultsDisplayer<DataObject> getSearchResultsDisplayer() { if (resultsDisplayer == null) { resultsDisplayer = createResultsDisplayer(); } return resultsDisplayer; } private SearchResultsDisplayer<DataObject> createResultsDisplayer() { /** * Object to transform matching objects to nodes. */ SearchResultsDisplayer.NodeDisplayer<DataObject> nd = new SearchResultsDisplayer.NodeDisplayer<DataObject>() { @Override public org.openide.nodes.Node matchToNode( final DataObject match) { return new FilterNode(match.getNodeDelegate()) { @Override public String getDisplayName() { return super.getDisplayName() + " (" + ageInMinutes(match.getPrimaryFile()) + " minutes old)"; } }; } }; return SearchResultsDisplayer.createDefault(nd, this, presenter, "less than " + oldInHours + " hours old"); } private static long ageInMinutes(FileObject fo) { long fileDate = fo.lastModified().getTime(); long now = System.currentTimeMillis(); return (now - fileDate) / 60000; } private static long ageInHours(FileObject fo) { return ageInMinutes(fo) / 60; } } Run the module, select a node in the Projects window, press Ctrl-F, and you'll see the "Find in Projects" dialog has two tabs, the second is the one you provided above:

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• Azure &ndash; Part 5 &ndash; Repository Pattern for Table Service

  - by Shaun

  In my last post I created a very simple WCF service with the user registration functionality. I created an entity for the user data and a DataContext class which provides some methods for operating the entities such as add, delete, etc. And in the service method I utilized it to add a new entity into the table service. But I didn’t have any validation before registering which is not acceptable in a real project. So in this post I would firstly add some validation before perform the data creation code and show how to use the LINQ for the table service.   LINQ to Table Service Since the table service utilizes ADO.NET Data Service to expose the data and the managed library of ADO.NET Data Service supports LINQ we can use it to deal with the data of the table service. Let me explain with my current example: I would like to ensure that when register a new user the email address should be unique. So I need to check the account entities in the table service before add. If you remembered, in my last post I mentioned that there’s a method in the TableServiceContext class – CreateQuery, which will create a IQueryable instance from a given type of entity. So here I would create a method under my AccountDataContext class to return the IQueryable<Account> which named Load. 1: public class AccountDataContext : TableServiceContext 2: { 3: private CloudStorageAccount _storageAccount; 4:  5: public AccountDataContext(CloudStorageAccount storageAccount) 6: : base(storageAccount.TableEndpoint.AbsoluteUri, storageAccount.Credentials) 7: { 8: _storageAccount = storageAccount; 9:  10: var tableStorage = new CloudTableClient(_storageAccount.TableEndpoint.AbsoluteUri, 11: _storageAccount.Credentials); 12: tableStorage.CreateTableIfNotExist("Account"); 13: } 14:  15: public void Add(Account accountToAdd) 16: { 17: AddObject("Account", accountToAdd); 18: SaveChanges(); 19: } 20:  21: public IQueryable<Account> Load() 22: { 23: return CreateQuery<Account>("Account"); 24: } 25: } The method returns the IQueryable<Account> so that I can perform the LINQ operation on it. And back to my service class, I will use it to implement my validation. 1: public bool Register(string email, string password) 2: { 3: var storageAccount = CloudStorageAccount.FromConfigurationSetting("DataConnectionString"); 4: var accountToAdd = new Account(email, password) { DateCreated = DateTime.Now }; 5: var accountContext = new AccountDataContext(storageAccount); 6:  7: // validation 8: var accountNumber = accountContext.Load() 9: .Where(a => a.Email == accountToAdd.Email) 10: .Count(); 11: if (accountNumber > 0) 12: { 13: throw new ApplicationException(string.Format("Your account {0} had been used.", accountToAdd.Email)); 14: } 15:  16: // create entity 17: try 18: { 19: accountContext.Add(accountToAdd); 20: return true; 21: } 22: catch (Exception ex) 23: { 24: Trace.TraceInformation(ex.ToString()); 25: } 26: return false; 27: } I used the Load method to retrieve the IQueryable<Account> and use Where method to find the accounts those email address are the same as the one is being registered. If it has I through an exception back to the client side. Let’s run it and test from my simple client application. Oops! Looks like we encountered an unexpected exception. It said the “Count” is not support by the ADO.NET Data Service LINQ managed library. That is because the table storage managed library (aka. TableServiceContext) is based on the ADO.NET Data Service and it supports very limit LINQ operation. Although I didn’t find a full list or documentation about which LINQ methods it supports I could even refer a page on msdn here. It gives us a roughly summary of which query operation the ADO.NET Data Service managed library supports and which doesn't. As you see the Count method is not in the supported list. Not only the query operation, there inner lambda expression in the Where method are limited when using the ADO.NET Data Service managed library as well. For example if you added (a => !a.DateDeleted.HasValue) in the Where method to exclude those deleted account it will raised an exception said "Invalid Input". Based on my experience you should always use the simple comparison (such as ==, >, <=, etc.) on the simple members (such as string, integer, etc.) and do not use any shortcut methods (such as string.Compare, string.IsNullOrEmpty etc.). 1: // validation 2: var accountNumber = accountContext.Load() 3: .Where(a => a.Email == accountToAdd.Email) 4: .ToList() 5: .Count; 6: if (accountNumber > 0) 7: { 8: throw new ApplicationException(string.Format("Your account {0} had been used.", accountToAdd.Email)); 9: } We changed the a bit and try again. Since I had created an account with my mail address so this time it gave me an exception said that the email had been used, which is correct.   Repository Pattern for Table Service The AccountDataContext takes the responsibility to save and load the account entity but only for that specific entity. Is that possible to have a dynamic or generic DataContext class which can operate any kinds of entity in my system? Of course yes. Although there's no typical database in table service we can threat the entities as the records, similar with the data entities if we used OR Mapping. As we can use some patterns for ORM architecture here we should be able to adopt the one of them - Repository Pattern in this example. We know that the base class - TableServiceContext provide 4 methods for operating the table entities which are CreateQuery, AddObject, UpdateObject and DeleteObject. And we can create a relationship between the enmity class, the table container name and entity set name. So it's really simple to have a generic base class for any kinds of entities. Let's rename the AccountDataContext to DynamicDataContext and make the type of Account as a type parameter if it. 1: public class DynamicDataContext<T> : TableServiceContext where T : TableServiceEntity 2: { 3: private CloudStorageAccount _storageAccount; 4: private string _entitySetName; 5:  6: public DynamicDataContext(CloudStorageAccount storageAccount) 7: : base(storageAccount.TableEndpoint.AbsoluteUri, storageAccount.Credentials) 8: { 9: _storageAccount = storageAccount; 10: _entitySetName = typeof(T).Name; 11:  12: var tableStorage = new CloudTableClient(_storageAccount.TableEndpoint.AbsoluteUri, 13: _storageAccount.Credentials); 14: tableStorage.CreateTableIfNotExist(_entitySetName); 15: } 16:  17: public void Add(T entityToAdd) 18: { 19: AddObject(_entitySetName, entityToAdd); 20: SaveChanges(); 21: } 22:  23: public void Update(T entityToUpdate) 24: { 25: UpdateObject(entityToUpdate); 26: SaveChanges(); 27: } 28:  29: public void Delete(T entityToDelete) 30: { 31: DeleteObject(entityToDelete); 32: SaveChanges(); 33: } 34:  35: public IQueryable<T> Load() 36: { 37: return CreateQuery<T>(_entitySetName); 38: } 39: } I saved the name of the entity type when constructed for performance matter. The table name, entity set name would be the same as the name of the entity class. The Load method returned a generic IQueryable instance which supports the lazy load feature. Then in my service class I changed the AccountDataContext to DynamicDataContext and that's all. 1: var accountContext = new DynamicDataContext<Account>(storageAccount); Run it again and register another account. The DynamicDataContext now can be used for any entities. For example, I would like the account has a list of notes which contains 3 custom properties: Account Email, Title and Content. We create the note entity class. 1: public class Note : TableServiceEntity 2: { 3: public string AccountEmail { get; set; } 4: public string Title { get; set; } 5: public string Content { get; set; } 6: public DateTime DateCreated { get; set; } 7: public DateTime? DateDeleted { get; set; } 8:  9: public Note() 10: : base() 11: { 12: } 13:  14: public Note(string email) 15: : base(email, string.Format("{0}_{1}", email, Guid.NewGuid().ToString())) 16: { 17: AccountEmail = email; 18: } 19: } And no need to tweak the DynamicDataContext we can directly go to the service class to implement the logic. Notice here I utilized two DynamicDataContext instances with the different type parameters: Note and Account. 1: public class NoteService : INoteService 2: { 3: public void Create(string email, string title, string content) 4: { 5: var storageAccount = CloudStorageAccount.FromConfigurationSetting("DataConnectionString"); 6: var accountContext = new DynamicDataContext<Account>(storageAccount); 7: var noteContext = new DynamicDataContext<Note>(storageAccount); 8:  9: // validate - email must be existed 10: var accounts = accountContext.Load() 11: .Where(a => a.Email == email) 12: .ToList() 13: .Count; 14: if (accounts <= 0) 15: throw new ApplicationException(string.Format("The account {0} does not exsit in the system please register and try again.", email)); 16:  17: // save the note 18: var noteToAdd = new Note(email) { Title = title, Content = content, DateCreated = DateTime.Now }; 19: noteContext.Add(noteToAdd); 20: } 21: } And updated our client application to test the service. I didn't implement any list service to show all notes but we can have a look on the local SQL database if we ran it at local development fabric.   Summary In this post I explained a bit about the limited LINQ support for the table service. And then I demonstrated about how to use the repository pattern in the table service data access layer and make the DataContext dynamically. The DynamicDataContext I created in this post is just a prototype. In fact we should create the relevant interface to make it testable and for better structure we'd better separate the DataContext classes for each individual kind of entity. So it should have IDataContextBase<T>, DataContextBase<T> and for each entity we would have class AccountDataContext<Account> : IDataContextBase<Account>, DataContextBase<Account> { … } class NoteDataContext<Note> : IDataContextBase<Note>, DataContextBase<Note> { … }   Besides the structured data saving and loading, another common scenario would be saving and loading some binary data such as images, files. In my next post I will show how to use the Blob Service to store the bindery data - make the account be able to upload their logo in my example.   Hope this helps, Shaun   All documents and related graphics, codes are provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind. Copyright © Shaun Ziyan Xu. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons License.

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• NoSQL with RavenDB and ASP.NET MVC - Part 1

  - by shiju

   A while back, I have blogged NoSQL with MongoDB, NoRM and ASP.NET MVC Part 1 and Part 2 on how to use MongoDB with an ASP.NET MVC application. The NoSQL movement is getting big attention and RavenDB is the latest addition to the NoSQL and document database world. RavenDB is an Open Source (with a commercial option) document database for the .NET/Windows platform developed  by Ayende Rahien.  Raven stores schema-less JSON documents, allow you to define indexes using Linq queries and focus on low latency and high performance. RavenDB is .NET focused document database which comes with a fully functional .NET client API  and supports LINQ. RavenDB comes with two components, a server and a client API. RavenDB is a REST based system, so you can write your own HTTP cleint API. As a .NET developer, RavenDB is becoming my favorite document database. Unlike other document databases, RavenDB is supports transactions using System.Transactions. Also it's supports both embedded and server mode of database. You can access RavenDB site at http://ravendb.netA demo App with ASP.NET MVCLet's create a simple demo app with RavenDB and ASP.NET MVC. To work with RavenDB, do the following steps. Go to http://ravendb.net/download and download the latest build.Unzip the downloaded file.Go to the /Server directory and run the RavenDB.exe. This will start the RavenDB server listening on localhost:8080You can change the port of RavenDB  by modifying the "Raven/Port" appSetting value in the RavenDB.exe.config file.When running the RavenDB, it will automatically create a database in the /Data directory. You can change the directory name data by modifying "Raven/DataDirt" appSetting value in the RavenDB.exe.config file.RavenDB provides a browser based admin tool. When the Raven server is running, You can be access the browser based admin tool and view and edit documents and index using your browser admin tool. The web admin tool available at http://localhost:8080The below is the some screen shots of web admin tool     Working with ASP.NET MVC  To working with RavenDB in our demo ASP.NET MVC application, do the following steps Step 1 - Add reference to Raven Cleint API In our ASP.NET MVC application, Add a reference to the Raven.Client.Lightweight.dll from the Client directory. Step 2 - Create DocumentStoreThe document store would be created once per application. Let's create a DocumentStore on application start-up in the Global.asax.cs. documentStore = new DocumentStore { Url = "http://localhost:8080/" }; documentStore.Initialise(); The above code will create a Raven DB document store and will be listening the server locahost at port 8080    Step 3 - Create DocumentSession on BeginRequest   Let's create a DocumentSession on BeginRequest event in the Global.asax.cs. We are using the document session for every unit of work. In our demo app, every HTTP request would be a single Unit of Work (UoW). BeginRequest += (sender, args) =>   HttpContext.Current.Items[RavenSessionKey] = documentStore.OpenSession(); Step 4 - Destroy the DocumentSession on EndRequest  EndRequest += (o, eventArgs) => {     var disposable = HttpContext.Current.Items[RavenSessionKey] as IDisposable;     if (disposable != null)         disposable.Dispose(); };  At the end of HTTP request, we are destroying the DocumentSession  object.The below  code block shown all the code in the Global.asax.cs  private const string RavenSessionKey = "RavenMVC.Session"; private static DocumentStore documentStore;   protected void Application_Start() { //Create a DocumentStore in Application_Start //DocumentStore should be created once per application and stored as a singleton. documentStore = new DocumentStore { Url = "http://localhost:8080/" }; documentStore.Initialise(); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); //DI using Unity 2.0 ConfigureUnity(); }   public MvcApplication() { //Create a DocumentSession on BeginRequest   //create a document session for every unit of work BeginRequest += (sender, args) =>     HttpContext.Current.Items[RavenSessionKey] = documentStore.OpenSession(); //Destroy the DocumentSession on EndRequest EndRequest += (o, eventArgs) => { var disposable = HttpContext.Current.Items[RavenSessionKey] as IDisposable; if (disposable != null) disposable.Dispose(); }; }   //Getting the current DocumentSession public static IDocumentSession CurrentSession {   get { return (IDocumentSession)HttpContext.Current.Items[RavenSessionKey]; } }  We have setup all necessary code in the Global.asax.cs for working with RavenDB. For our demo app, Let’s write a domain class  public class Category {       public string Id { get; set; }       [Required(ErrorMessage = "Name Required")]     [StringLength(25, ErrorMessage = "Must be less than 25 characters")]     public string Name { get; set;}     public string Description { get; set; }   } We have created simple domain entity Category. Let's create repository class for performing CRUD operations against our domain entity Category.  public interface ICategoryRepository {     Category Load(string id);     IEnumerable<Category> GetCategories();     void Save(Category category);     void Delete(string id);       }    public class CategoryRepository : ICategoryRepository {     private IDocumentSession session;     public CategoryRepository()     {             session = MvcApplication.CurrentSession;     }     //Load category based on Id     public Category Load(string id)     {         return session.Load<Category>(id);     }     //Get all categories     public IEnumerable<Category> GetCategories()     {         var categories= session.LuceneQuery<Category>()                 .WaitForNonStaleResults()             .ToArray();         return categories;       }     //Insert/Update category     public void Save(Category category)     {         if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(category.Id))         {             //insert new record             session.Store(category);         }         else         {             //edit record             var categoryToEdit = Load(category.Id);             categoryToEdit.Name = category.Name;             categoryToEdit.Description = category.Description;         }         //save the document session         session.SaveChanges();     }     //delete a category     public void Delete(string id)     {         var category = Load(id);         session.Delete<Category>(category);         session.SaveChanges();     }        } For every CRUD operations, we are taking the current document session object from HttpContext object. session = MvcApplication.CurrentSession; We are calling the static method CurrentSession from the Global.asax.cs public static IDocumentSession CurrentSession {     get { return (IDocumentSession)HttpContext.Current.Items[RavenSessionKey]; } }  Retrieve Entities  The Load method get the single Category object based on the Id. RavenDB is working based on the REST principles and the Id would be like categories/1. The Id would be created by automatically when a new object is inserted to the document store. The REST uri categories/1 represents a single category object with Id representation of 1.   public Category Load(string id) {    return session.Load<Category>(id); } The GetCategories method returns all the categories calling the session.LuceneQuery method. RavenDB is using a lucen query syntax for querying. I will explain more details about querying and indexing in my future posts.   public IEnumerable<Category> GetCategories() {     var categories= session.LuceneQuery<Category>()             .WaitForNonStaleResults()         .ToArray();     return categories;   } Insert/Update entityFor insert/Update a Category entity, we have created Save method in repository class. If  the Id property of Category is null, we call Store method of Documentsession for insert a new record. For editing a existing record, we load the Category object and assign the values to the loaded Category object. The session.SaveChanges() will save the changes to document store.  //Insert/Update category public void Save(Category category) {     if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(category.Id))     {         //insert new record         session.Store(category);     }     else     {         //edit record         var categoryToEdit = Load(category.Id);         categoryToEdit.Name = category.Name;         categoryToEdit.Description = category.Description;     }     //save the document session     session.SaveChanges(); }  Delete Entity  In the Delete method, we call the document session's delete method and call the SaveChanges method to reflect changes in the document store.  public void Delete(string id) {     var category = Load(id);     session.Delete<Category>(category);     session.SaveChanges(); }  Let’s create ASP.NET MVC controller and controller actions for handling CRUD operations for the domain class Category  public class CategoryController : Controller { private ICategoryRepository categoyRepository; //DI enabled constructor public CategoryController(ICategoryRepository categoyRepository) {     this.categoyRepository = categoyRepository; } public ActionResult Index() {         var categories = categoyRepository.GetCategories();     if (categories == null)         return RedirectToAction("Create");     return View(categories); }   [HttpGet] public ActionResult Edit(string id) {     var category = categoyRepository.Load(id);         return View("Save",category); } // GET: /Category/Create [HttpGet] public ActionResult Create() {     var category = new Category();     return View("Save", category); } [HttpPost] public ActionResult Save(Category category) {     if (!ModelState.IsValid)     {         return View("Save", category);     }           categoyRepository.Save(category);         return RedirectToAction("Index");     }        [HttpPost] public ActionResult Delete(string id) {     categoyRepository.Delete(id);     var categories = categoyRepository.GetCategories();     return PartialView("CategoryList", categories);      }        }  RavenDB is an awesome document database and I hope that it will be the winner in .NET space of document database world.  The source code of demo application available at http://ravenmvc.codeplex.com/

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• Writing Unit Tests for ASP.NET Web API Controller

  - by shiju

  In this blog post, I will write unit tests for a ASP.NET Web API controller in the EFMVC reference application. Let me introduce the EFMVC app, If you haven't heard about EFMVC. EFMVC is a simple app, developed as a reference implementation for demonstrating ASP.NET MVC, EF Code First, ASP.NET Web API, Domain-Driven Design (DDD), Test-Driven Development (DDD). The current version is built with ASP.NET MVC 4, EF Code First 5, ASP.NET Web API, Autofac, AutoMapper, Nunit and Moq. All unit tests were written with Nunit and Moq. You can download the latest version of the reference app from http://efmvc.codeplex.com/ Unit Test for HTTP Get Let’s write a unit test class for verifying the behaviour of a ASP.NET Web API controller named CategoryController. Let’s define mock implementation for Repository class, and a Command Bus that is used for executing write operations.  [TestFixture] public class CategoryApiControllerTest { private Mock<ICategoryRepository> categoryRepository; private Mock<ICommandBus> commandBus; [SetUp] public void SetUp() {     categoryRepository = new Mock<ICategoryRepository>();     commandBus = new Mock<ICommandBus>(); } The code block below provides the unit test for a HTTP Get operation. [Test] public void Get_All_Returns_AllCategory() {     // Arrange        IEnumerable<CategoryWithExpense> fakeCategories = GetCategories();     categoryRepository.Setup(x => x.GetCategoryWithExpenses()).Returns(fakeCategories);     CategoryController controller = new CategoryController(commandBus.Object, categoryRepository.Object)     {         Request = new HttpRequestMessage()                 {                     Properties = { { HttpPropertyKeys.HttpConfigurationKey, new HttpConfiguration() } }                 }     };     // Act     var categories = controller.Get();     // Assert     Assert.IsNotNull(categories, "Result is null");     Assert.IsInstanceOf(typeof(IEnumerable<CategoryWithExpense>),categories, "Wrong Model");             Assert.AreEqual(3, categories.Count(), "Got wrong number of Categories"); }        The GetCategories method is provided below: private static IEnumerable<CategoryWithExpense> GetCategories() {     IEnumerable<CategoryWithExpense> fakeCategories = new List<CategoryWithExpense> {     new CategoryWithExpense {CategoryId=1, CategoryName = "Test1", Description="Test1Desc", TotalExpenses=1000},     new CategoryWithExpense {CategoryId=2, CategoryName = "Test2", Description="Test2Desc",TotalExpenses=2000},     new CategoryWithExpense { CategoryId=3, CategoryName = "Test3", Description="Test3Desc",TotalExpenses=3000}       }.AsEnumerable();     return fakeCategories; } In the unit test method Get_All_Returns_AllCategory, we specify setup on the mocked type ICategoryrepository, for a call to GetCategoryWithExpenses method returns dummy data. We create an instance of the ApiController, where we have specified the Request property of the ApiController since the Request property is used to create a new HttpResponseMessage that will provide the appropriate HTTP status code along with response content data. Unit Tests are using for specifying the behaviour of components so that we have specified that Get operation will use the model type IEnumerable<CategoryWithExpense> for sending the Content data. The implementation of HTTP Get in the CategoryController is provided below: public IQueryable<CategoryWithExpense> Get() {     var categories = categoryRepository.GetCategoryWithExpenses().AsQueryable();     return categories; } Unit Test for HTTP Post The following are the behaviours we are going to implement for the HTTP Post: A successful HTTP Post  operation should return HTTP status code Created An empty Category should return HTTP status code BadRequest A successful HTTP Post operation should provide correct Location header information in the response for the newly created resource. Writing unit test for HTTP Post is required more information than we write for HTTP Get. In the HTTP Post implementation, we will call to Url.Link for specifying the header Location of Response as shown in below code block. var response = Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.Created, category); string uri = Url.Link("DefaultApi", new { id = category.CategoryId }); response.Headers.Location = new Uri(uri); return response; While we are executing Url.Link from unit tests, we have to specify HttpRouteData information from the unit test method. Otherwise, Url.Link will get a null value. The code block below shows the unit tests for specifying the behaviours for the HTTP Post operation. [Test] public void Post_Category_Returns_CreatedStatusCode() {     // Arrange        commandBus.Setup(c => c.Submit(It.IsAny<CreateOrUpdateCategoryCommand>())).Returns(new CommandResult(true));     Mapper.CreateMap<CategoryFormModel, CreateOrUpdateCategoryCommand>();          var httpConfiguration = new HttpConfiguration();     WebApiConfig.Register(httpConfiguration);     var httpRouteData = new HttpRouteData(httpConfiguration.Routes["DefaultApi"],         new HttpRouteValueDictionary { { "controller", "category" } });     var controller = new CategoryController(commandBus.Object, categoryRepository.Object)     {         Request = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Post, "http://localhost/api/category/")         {             Properties =             {                 { HttpPropertyKeys.HttpConfigurationKey, httpConfiguration },                 { HttpPropertyKeys.HttpRouteDataKey, httpRouteData }             }         }     };     // Act     CategoryModel category = new CategoryModel();     category.CategoryId = 1;     category.CategoryName = "Mock Category";     var response = controller.Post(category);               // Assert     Assert.AreEqual(HttpStatusCode.Created, response.StatusCode);     var newCategory = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<CategoryModel>(response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result);     Assert.AreEqual(string.Format("http://localhost/api/category/{0}", newCategory.CategoryId), response.Headers.Location.ToString()); } [Test] public void Post_EmptyCategory_Returns_BadRequestStatusCode() {     // Arrange        commandBus.Setup(c => c.Submit(It.IsAny<CreateOrUpdateCategoryCommand>())).Returns(new CommandResult(true));     Mapper.CreateMap<CategoryFormModel, CreateOrUpdateCategoryCommand>();     var httpConfiguration = new HttpConfiguration();     WebApiConfig.Register(httpConfiguration);     var httpRouteData = new HttpRouteData(httpConfiguration.Routes["DefaultApi"],         new HttpRouteValueDictionary { { "controller", "category" } });     var controller = new CategoryController(commandBus.Object, categoryRepository.Object)     {         Request = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Post, "http://localhost/api/category/")         {             Properties =             {                 { HttpPropertyKeys.HttpConfigurationKey, httpConfiguration },                 { HttpPropertyKeys.HttpRouteDataKey, httpRouteData }             }         }     };     // Act     CategoryModel category = new CategoryModel();     category.CategoryId = 0;     category.CategoryName = "";     // The ASP.NET pipeline doesn't run, so validation don't run.     controller.ModelState.AddModelError("", "mock error message");     var response = controller.Post(category);     // Assert     Assert.AreEqual(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, response.StatusCode);   } In the above code block, we have written two unit methods, Post_Category_Returns_CreatedStatusCode and Post_EmptyCategory_Returns_BadRequestStatusCode. The unit test method Post_Category_Returns_CreatedStatusCode  verifies the behaviour 1 and 3, that we have defined in the beginning of the section “Unit Test for HTTP Post”. The unit test method Post_EmptyCategory_Returns_BadRequestStatusCode verifies the behaviour 2. For extracting the data from response, we call Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result of HttpResponseMessage object and deserializeit it with Json Convertor. The implementation of HTTP Post in the CategoryController is provided below: // POST /api/category public HttpResponseMessage Post(CategoryModel category) {       if (ModelState.IsValid)     {         var command = new CreateOrUpdateCategoryCommand(category.CategoryId, category.CategoryName, category.Description);         var result = commandBus.Submit(command);         if (result.Success)         {                               var response = Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.Created, category);             string uri = Url.Link("DefaultApi", new { id = category.CategoryId });             response.Headers.Location = new Uri(uri);             return response;         }     }     else     {         return Request.CreateErrorResponse(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, ModelState);     }     throw new HttpResponseException(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest); } The unit test implementation for HTTP Put and HTTP Delete are very similar to the unit test we have written for  HTTP Get. The complete unit tests for the CategoryController is given below: [TestFixture] public class CategoryApiControllerTest { private Mock<ICategoryRepository> categoryRepository; private Mock<ICommandBus> commandBus; [SetUp] public void SetUp() {     categoryRepository = new Mock<ICategoryRepository>();     commandBus = new Mock<ICommandBus>(); } [Test] public void Get_All_Returns_AllCategory() {     // Arrange        IEnumerable<CategoryWithExpense> fakeCategories = GetCategories();     categoryRepository.Setup(x => x.GetCategoryWithExpenses()).Returns(fakeCategories);     CategoryController controller = new CategoryController(commandBus.Object, categoryRepository.Object)     {         Request = new HttpRequestMessage()                 {                     Properties = { { HttpPropertyKeys.HttpConfigurationKey, new HttpConfiguration() } }                 }     };     // Act     var categories = controller.Get();     // Assert     Assert.IsNotNull(categories, "Result is null");     Assert.IsInstanceOf(typeof(IEnumerable<CategoryWithExpense>),categories, "Wrong Model");             Assert.AreEqual(3, categories.Count(), "Got wrong number of Categories"); }        [Test] public void Get_CorrectCategoryId_Returns_Category() {     // Arrange        IEnumerable<CategoryWithExpense> fakeCategories = GetCategories();     categoryRepository.Setup(x => x.GetCategoryWithExpenses()).Returns(fakeCategories);     CategoryController controller = new CategoryController(commandBus.Object, categoryRepository.Object)     {         Request = new HttpRequestMessage()         {             Properties = { { HttpPropertyKeys.HttpConfigurationKey, new HttpConfiguration() } }         }     };     // Act     var response = controller.Get(1);     // Assert     Assert.AreEqual(HttpStatusCode.OK, response.StatusCode);     var category = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<CategoryWithExpense>(response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result);     Assert.AreEqual(1, category.CategoryId, "Got wrong number of Categories"); } [Test] public void Get_InValidCategoryId_Returns_NotFound() {     // Arrange        IEnumerable<CategoryWithExpense> fakeCategories = GetCategories();     categoryRepository.Setup(x => x.GetCategoryWithExpenses()).Returns(fakeCategories);     CategoryController controller = new CategoryController(commandBus.Object, categoryRepository.Object)     {         Request = new HttpRequestMessage()         {             Properties = { { HttpPropertyKeys.HttpConfigurationKey, new HttpConfiguration() } }         }     };     // Act     var response = controller.Get(5);     // Assert     Assert.AreEqual(HttpStatusCode.NotFound, response.StatusCode);            } [Test] public void Post_Category_Returns_CreatedStatusCode() {     // Arrange        commandBus.Setup(c => c.Submit(It.IsAny<CreateOrUpdateCategoryCommand>())).Returns(new CommandResult(true));     Mapper.CreateMap<CategoryFormModel, CreateOrUpdateCategoryCommand>();          var httpConfiguration = new HttpConfiguration();     WebApiConfig.Register(httpConfiguration);     var httpRouteData = new HttpRouteData(httpConfiguration.Routes["DefaultApi"],         new HttpRouteValueDictionary { { "controller", "category" } });     var controller = new CategoryController(commandBus.Object, categoryRepository.Object)     {         Request = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Post, "http://localhost/api/category/")         {             Properties =             {                 { HttpPropertyKeys.HttpConfigurationKey, httpConfiguration },                 { HttpPropertyKeys.HttpRouteDataKey, httpRouteData }             }         }     };     // Act     CategoryModel category = new CategoryModel();     category.CategoryId = 1;     category.CategoryName = "Mock Category";     var response = controller.Post(category);               // Assert     Assert.AreEqual(HttpStatusCode.Created, response.StatusCode);     var newCategory = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<CategoryModel>(response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result);     Assert.AreEqual(string.Format("http://localhost/api/category/{0}", newCategory.CategoryId), response.Headers.Location.ToString()); } [Test] public void Post_EmptyCategory_Returns_BadRequestStatusCode() {     // Arrange        commandBus.Setup(c => c.Submit(It.IsAny<CreateOrUpdateCategoryCommand>())).Returns(new CommandResult(true));     Mapper.CreateMap<CategoryFormModel, CreateOrUpdateCategoryCommand>();     var httpConfiguration = new HttpConfiguration();     WebApiConfig.Register(httpConfiguration);     var httpRouteData = new HttpRouteData(httpConfiguration.Routes["DefaultApi"],         new HttpRouteValueDictionary { { "controller", "category" } });     var controller = new CategoryController(commandBus.Object, categoryRepository.Object)     {         Request = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Post, "http://localhost/api/category/")         {             Properties =             {                 { HttpPropertyKeys.HttpConfigurationKey, httpConfiguration },                 { HttpPropertyKeys.HttpRouteDataKey, httpRouteData }             }         }     };     // Act     CategoryModel category = new CategoryModel();     category.CategoryId = 0;     category.CategoryName = "";     // The ASP.NET pipeline doesn't run, so validation don't run.     controller.ModelState.AddModelError("", "mock error message");     var response = controller.Post(category);     // Assert     Assert.AreEqual(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, response.StatusCode);   } [Test] public void Put_Category_Returns_OKStatusCode() {     // Arrange        commandBus.Setup(c => c.Submit(It.IsAny<CreateOrUpdateCategoryCommand>())).Returns(new CommandResult(true));     Mapper.CreateMap<CategoryFormModel, CreateOrUpdateCategoryCommand>();     CategoryController controller = new CategoryController(commandBus.Object, categoryRepository.Object)     {         Request = new HttpRequestMessage()         {             Properties = { { HttpPropertyKeys.HttpConfigurationKey, new HttpConfiguration() } }         }     };     // Act     CategoryModel category = new CategoryModel();     category.CategoryId = 1;     category.CategoryName = "Mock Category";     var response = controller.Put(category.CategoryId,category);     // Assert     Assert.AreEqual(HttpStatusCode.OK, response.StatusCode);    } [Test] public void Delete_Category_Returns_NoContentStatusCode() {     // Arrange              commandBus.Setup(c => c.Submit(It.IsAny<DeleteCategoryCommand >())).Returns(new CommandResult(true));     CategoryController controller = new CategoryController(commandBus.Object, categoryRepository.Object)     {         Request = new HttpRequestMessage()         {             Properties = { { HttpPropertyKeys.HttpConfigurationKey, new HttpConfiguration() } }         }     };     // Act               var response = controller.Delete(1);     // Assert     Assert.AreEqual(HttpStatusCode.NoContent, response.StatusCode);   } private static IEnumerable<CategoryWithExpense> GetCategories() {     IEnumerable<CategoryWithExpense> fakeCategories = new List<CategoryWithExpense> {     new CategoryWithExpense {CategoryId=1, CategoryName = "Test1", Description="Test1Desc", TotalExpenses=1000},     new CategoryWithExpense {CategoryId=2, CategoryName = "Test2", Description="Test2Desc",TotalExpenses=2000},     new CategoryWithExpense { CategoryId=3, CategoryName = "Test3", Description="Test3Desc",TotalExpenses=3000}       }.AsEnumerable();     return fakeCategories; } }  The complete implementation for the Api Controller, CategoryController is given below: public class CategoryController : ApiController {       private readonly ICommandBus commandBus;     private readonly ICategoryRepository categoryRepository;     public CategoryController(ICommandBus commandBus, ICategoryRepository categoryRepository)     {         this.commandBus = commandBus;         this.categoryRepository = categoryRepository;     } public IQueryable<CategoryWithExpense> Get() {     var categories = categoryRepository.GetCategoryWithExpenses().AsQueryable();     return categories; }   // GET /api/category/5 public HttpResponseMessage Get(int id) {     var category = categoryRepository.GetCategoryWithExpenses().Where(c => c.CategoryId == id).SingleOrDefault();     if (category == null)     {         return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.NotFound);     }     return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, category); }   // POST /api/category public HttpResponseMessage Post(CategoryModel category) {       if (ModelState.IsValid)     {         var command = new CreateOrUpdateCategoryCommand(category.CategoryId, category.CategoryName, category.Description);         var result = commandBus.Submit(command);         if (result.Success)         {                               var response = Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.Created, category);             string uri = Url.Link("DefaultApi", new { id = category.CategoryId });             response.Headers.Location = new Uri(uri);             return response;         }     }     else     {         return Request.CreateErrorResponse(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, ModelState);     }     throw new HttpResponseException(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest); }   // PUT /api/category/5 public HttpResponseMessage Put(int id, CategoryModel category) {     if (ModelState.IsValid)     {         var command = new CreateOrUpdateCategoryCommand(category.CategoryId, category.CategoryName, category.Description);         var result = commandBus.Submit(command);         return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, category);     }     else     {         return Request.CreateErrorResponse(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, ModelState);     }     throw new HttpResponseException(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest); }       // DELETE /api/category/5     public HttpResponseMessage Delete(int id)     {         var command = new DeleteCategoryCommand { CategoryId = id };         var result = commandBus.Submit(command);         if (result.Success)         {             return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.NoContent);         }             throw new HttpResponseException(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);     } } Source Code The EFMVC app can download from http://efmvc.codeplex.com/ . The unit test project can be found from the project EFMVC.Tests and Web API project can be found from EFMVC.Web.API.

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• Elfsign Object Signing on Solaris

  - by danx

  Elfsign Object Signing on Solaris Don't let this happen to you—use elfsign! Solaris elfsign(1) is a command that signs and verifies ELF format executables. That includes not just executable programs (such as ls or cp), but other ELF format files including libraries (such as libnvpair.so) and kernel modules (such as autofs). Elfsign has been available since Solaris 10 and ELF format files distributed with Solaris, since Solaris 10, are signed by either Sun Microsystems or its successor, Oracle Corporation. When an ELF file is signed, elfsign adds a new section the ELF file, .SUNW_signature, that contains a RSA public key signature and other information about the signer. That is, the algorithm used, algorithm OID, signer CN/OU, and time stamp. The signature section can later be verified by elfsign or other software by matching the signature in the file agains the ELF file contents (excluding the signature). ELF executable files may also be signed by a 3rd-party or by the customer. This is useful for verifying the origin and authenticity of executable files installed on a system. The 3rd-party or customer public key certificate should be installed in /etc/certs/ to allow verification by elfsign. For currently-released versions of Solaris, only cryptographic framework plugin libraries are verified by Solaris. However, all ELF files may be verified by the elfsign command at any time. Elfsign Algorithms Elfsign signatures are created by taking a digest of the ELF section contents, then signing the digest with RSA. To verify, one takes a digest of ELF file and compares with the expected digest that's computed from the signature and RSA public key. Originally elfsign took a MD5 digest of a SHA-1 digest of the ELF file sections, then signed the resulting digest with RSA. In Solaris 11.1 then Solaris 11.1 SRU 7 (5/2013), the elfsign crypto algorithms available have been expanded to keep up with evolving cryptography. The following table shows the available elfsign algorithms: Elfsign Algorithm Solaris Release Comments elfsign sign -F rsa_md5_sha1   S10, S11.0, S11.1 Default for S10. Not recommended* elfsign sign -F rsa_sha1 S11.1 Default for S11.1. Not recommended elfsign sign -F rsa_sha256 S11.1 patch SRU7+   Recommended ___ *Most or all CAs do not accept MD5 CSRs and do not issue MD5 certs due to MD5 hash collision problems. RSA Key Length. I recommend using RSA-2048 key length with elfsign is RSA-2048 as the best balance between a long expected "life time", interoperability, and performance. RSA-2048 keys have an expected lifetime through 2030 (and probably beyond). For details, see Recommendation for Key Management: Part 1: General, NIST Publication SP 800-57 part 1 (rev. 3, 7/2012, PDF), tables 2 and 4 (pp. 64, 67). Step 1: create or obtain a key and cert The first step in using elfsign is to obtain a key and cert from a public Certificate Authority (CA), or create your own self-signed key and cert. I'll briefly explain both methods. Obtaining a Certificate from a CA To obtain a cert from a CA, such as Verisign, Thawte, or Go Daddy (to name a few random examples), you create a private key and a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) file and send it to the CA, following the instructions of the CA on their website. They send back a signed public key certificate. The public key cert, along with the private key you created is used by elfsign to sign an ELF file. The public key cert is distributed with the software and is used by elfsign to verify elfsign signatures in ELF files. You need to request a RSA "Class 3 public key certificate", which is used for servers and software signing. Elfsign uses RSA and we recommend RSA-2048 keys. The private key and CSR can be generated with openssl(1) or pktool(1) on Solaris. Here's a simple example that uses pktool to generate a private RSA_2048 key and a CSR for sending to a CA: $ pktool gencsr keystore=file format=pem outcsr=MYCSR.p10 \ subject="CN=canineswworks.com,OU=Canine SW object signing" \ outkey=MYPRIVATEKEY.key $ openssl rsa -noout -text -in MYPRIVATEKEY.key Private-Key: (2048 bit) modulus: 00:d2:ef:42:f2:0b:8c:96:9f:45:32:fc:fe:54:94: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . c9:c7 publicExponent: 65537 (0x10001) privateExponent: 26:14:fc:49:26:bc:a3:14:ee:31:5e:6b:ac:69:83: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . 81 prime1: 00:f6:b7:52:73:bc:26:57:26:c8:11:eb:6c:dc:cb: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . bc:91:d0:40:d6:9d:ac:b5:69 prime2: 00:da:df:3f:56:b2:18:46:e1:89:5b:6c:f1:1a:41: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . f3:b7:48:de:c3:d9:ce:af:af exponent1: 00:b9:a2:00:11:02:ed:9a:3f:9c:e4:16:ce:c7:67: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . 55:50:25:70:d3:ca:b9:ab:99 exponent2: 00:c8:fc:f5:57:11:98:85:8e:9a:ea:1f:f2:8f:df: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . 23:57:0e:4d:b2:a0:12:d2:f5 coefficient: 2f:60:21:cd:dc:52:76:67:1a:d8:75:3e:7f:b0:64: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . 06:94:56:d8:9d:5c:8e:9b $ openssl req -noout -text -in MYCSR.p10 Certificate Request: Data: Version: 2 (0x2) Subject: OU=Canine SW object signing, CN=canineswworks.com Subject Public Key Info: Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption Public-Key: (2048 bit) Modulus: 00:d2:ef:42:f2:0b:8c:96:9f:45:32:fc:fe:54:94: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . c9:c7 Exponent: 65537 (0x10001) Attributes: Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption b3:e8:30:5b:88:37:68:1c:26:6b:45:af:5e:de:ea:60:87:ea: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . 06:f9:ed:b4 Secure storage of RSA private key. The private key needs to be protected if the key signing is used for production (as opposed to just testing). That is, protect the key to protect against unauthorized signatures by others. One method is to use a PIN-protected PKCS#11 keystore. The private key you generate should be stored in a secure manner, such as in a PKCS#11 keystore using pktool(1). Otherwise others can sign your signature. Other secure key storage mechanisms include a SCA-6000 crypto card, a USB thumb drive stored in a locked area, a dedicated server with restricted access, Oracle Key Manager (OKM), or some combination of these. I also recommend secure backup of the private key. Here's an example of generating a private key protected in the PKCS#11 keystore, and a CSR. $ pktool setpin # use if PIN not set yet Enter token passphrase: changeme Create new passphrase: Re-enter new passphrase: Passphrase changed. $ pktool gencsr keystore=pkcs11 label=MYPRIVATEKEY \ format=pem outcsr=MYCSR.p10 \ subject="CN=canineswworks.com,OU=Canine SW object signing" $ pktool list keystore=pkcs11 Enter PIN for Sun Software PKCS#11 softtoken: Found 1 asymmetric public keys. Key #1 - RSA public key: MYPRIVATEKEY Here's another example that uses openssl instead of pktool to generate a private key and CSR: $ openssl genrsa -out cert.key 2048 $ openssl req -new -key cert.key -out MYCSR.p10 Self-Signed Cert You can use openssl or pktool to create a private key and a self-signed public key certificate. A self-signed cert is useful for development, testing, and internal use. The private key created should be stored in a secure manner, as mentioned above. The following example creates a private key, MYSELFSIGNED.key, and a public key cert, MYSELFSIGNED.pem, using pktool and displays the contents with the openssl command. $ pktool gencert keystore=file format=pem serial=0xD06F00D lifetime=20-year \ keytype=rsa hash=sha256 outcert=MYSELFSIGNED.pem outkey=MYSELFSIGNED.key \ subject="O=Canine Software Works, OU=Self-signed CA, CN=canineswworks.com" $ pktool list keystore=file objtype=cert infile=MYSELFSIGNED.pem Found 1 certificates. 1. (X.509 certificate) Filename: MYSELFSIGNED.pem ID: c8:24:59:08:2b:ae:6e:5c:bc:26:bd:ef:0a:9c:54:de:dd:0f:60:46 Subject: O=Canine Software Works, OU=Self-signed CA, CN=canineswworks.com Issuer: O=Canine Software Works, OU=Self-signed CA, CN=canineswworks.com Not Before: Oct 17 23:18:00 2013 GMT Not After: Oct 12 23:18:00 2033 GMT Serial: 0xD06F00D0 Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption $ openssl x509 -noout -text -in MYSELFSIGNED.pem Certificate: Data: Version: 3 (0x2) Serial Number: 3496935632 (0xd06f00d0) Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption Issuer: O=Canine Software Works, OU=Self-signed CA, CN=canineswworks.com Validity Not Before: Oct 17 23:18:00 2013 GMT Not After : Oct 12 23:18:00 2033 GMT Subject: O=Canine Software Works, OU=Self-signed CA, CN=canineswworks.com Subject Public Key Info: Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption Public-Key: (2048 bit) Modulus: 00:bb:e8:11:21:d9:4b:88:53:8b:6c:5a:7a:38:8b: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . bf:77 Exponent: 65537 (0x10001) Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption 9e:39:fe:c8:44:5c:87:2c:8f:f4:24:f6:0c:9a:2f:64:84:d1: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . 5f:78:8e:e8 $ openssl rsa -noout -text -in MYSELFSIGNED.key Private-Key: (2048 bit) modulus: 00:bb:e8:11:21:d9:4b:88:53:8b:6c:5a:7a:38:8b: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . bf:77 publicExponent: 65537 (0x10001) privateExponent: 0a:06:0f:23:e7:1b:88:62:2c:85:d3:2d:c1:e6:6e: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . 9c:e1:e0:0a:52:77:29:4a:75:aa:02:d8:af:53:24: c1 prime1: 00:ea:12:02:bb:5a:0f:5a:d8:a9:95:b2:ba:30:15: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . 5b:ca:9c:7c:19:48:77:1e:5d prime2: 00:cd:82:da:84:71:1d:18:52:cb:c6:4d:74:14:be: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . 5f:db:d5:5e:47:89:a7:ef:e3 exponent1: 32:37:62:f6:a6:bf:9c:91:d6:f0:12:c3:f7:04:e9: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . 97:3e:33:31:89:66:64:d1 exponent2: 00:88:a2:e8:90:47:f8:75:34:8f:41:50:3b:ce:93: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . ff:74:d4:be:f3:47:45:bd:cb coefficient: 4d:7c:09:4c:34:73:c4:26:f0:58:f5:e1:45:3c:af: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . af:01:5f:af:ad:6a:09:bf Step 2: Sign the ELF File object By now you should have your private key, and obtained, by hook or crook, a cert (either from a CA or use one you created (a self-signed cert). The next step is to sign one or more objects with your private key and cert. Here's a simple example that creates an object file, signs, verifies, and lists the contents of the ELF signature. $ echo '#include <stdio.h>\nint main(){printf("Hello\\n");}'>hello.c $ make hello cc -o hello hello.c $ elfsign verify -v -c MYSELFSIGNED.pem -e hello elfsign: no signature found in hello. $ elfsign sign -F rsa_sha256 -v -k MYSELFSIGNED.key -c MYSELFSIGNED.pem -e hello elfsign: hello signed successfully. format: rsa_sha256. signer: O=Canine Software Works, OU=Self-signed CA, CN=canineswworks.com. signed on: October 17, 2013 04:22:49 PM PDT. $ elfsign list -f format -e hello rsa_sha256 $ elfsign list -f signer -e hello O=Canine Software Works, OU=Self-signed CA, CN=canineswworks.com $ elfsign list -f time -e hello October 17, 2013 04:22:49 PM PDT $ elfsign verify -v -c MYSELFSIGNED.key -e hello elfsign: verification of hello failed. format: rsa_sha256. signer: O=Canine Software Works, OU=Self-signed CA, CN=canineswworks.com. signed on: October 17, 2013 04:22:49 PM PDT. Signing using the pkcs11 keystore To sign the ELF file using a private key in the secure pkcs11 keystore, replace "-K MYSELFSIGNED.key" in the "elfsign sign" command line with "-T MYPRIVATEKEY", where MYPRIVATKEY is the pkcs11 token label. Step 3: Install the cert and test on another system Just signing the object isn't enough. You need to copy or install the cert and the signed ELF file(s) on another system to test that the signature is OK. Your public key cert should be installed in /etc/certs. Use elfsign verify to verify the signature. Elfsign verify checks each cert in /etc/certs until it finds one that matches the elfsign signature in the file. If one isn't found, the verification fails. Here's an example: $ su Password: # rm /etc/certs/MYSELFSIGNED.key # cp MYSELFSIGNED.pem /etc/certs # exit $ elfsign verify -v hello elfsign: verification of hello passed. format: rsa_sha256. signer: O=Canine Software Works, OU=Self-signed CA, CN=canineswworks.com. signed on: October 17, 2013 04:24:20 PM PDT. After testing, package your cert along with your ELF object to allow elfsign verification after your cert and object are installed or copied. Under the Hood: elfsign verification Here's the steps taken to verify a ELF file signed with elfsign. The steps to sign the file are similar except the private key exponent is used instead of the public key exponent and the .SUNW_signature section is written to the ELF file instead of being read from the file. Generate a digest (SHA-256) of the ELF file sections. This digest uses all ELF sections loaded in memory, but excludes the ELF header, the .SUNW_signature section, and the symbol table Extract the RSA signature (RSA-2048) from the .SUNW_signature section Extract the RSA public key modulus and public key exponent (65537) from the public key cert Calculate the expected digest as follows:     signaturepublicKeyExponent % publicKeyModulus Strip the PKCS#1 padding (most significant bytes) from the above. The padding is 0x00, 0x01, 0xff, 0xff, . . ., 0xff, 0x00. If the actual digest == expected digest, the ELF file is verified (OK). Further Information elfsign(1), pktool(1), and openssl(1) man pages. "Signed Solaris 10 Binaries?" blog by Darren Moffat (2005) shows how to use elfsign. "Simple CLI based CA on Solaris" blog by Darren Moffat (2008) shows how to set up a simple CA for use with self-signed certificates. "How to Create a Certificate by Using the pktool gencert Command" System Administration Guide: Security Services (available at docs.oracle.com)

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• A ToDynamic() Extension Method For Fluent Reflection

  - by Dixin

  Recently I needed to demonstrate some code with reflection, but I felt it inconvenient and tedious. To simplify the reflection coding, I created a ToDynamic() extension method. The source code can be downloaded from here. Problem One example for complex reflection is in LINQ to SQL. The DataContext class has a property Privider, and this Provider has an Execute() method, which executes the query expression and returns the result. Assume this Execute() needs to be invoked to query SQL Server database, then the following code will be expected: using (NorthwindDataContext database = new NorthwindDataContext()) { // Constructs the query. IQueryable<Product> query = database.Products.Where(product => product.ProductID > 0) .OrderBy(product => product.ProductName) .Take(2); // Executes the query. Here reflection is required, // because Provider, Execute(), and ReturnValue are not public members. IEnumerable<Product> results = database.Provider.Execute(query.Expression).ReturnValue; // Processes the results. foreach (Product product in results) { Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}", product.ProductID, product.ProductName); } } Of course, this code cannot compile. And, no one wants to write code like this. Again, this is just an example of complex reflection. using (NorthwindDataContext database = new NorthwindDataContext()) { // Constructs the query. IQueryable<Product> query = database.Products.Where(product => product.ProductID > 0) .OrderBy(product => product.ProductName) .Take(2); // database.Provider PropertyInfo providerProperty = database.GetType().GetProperty( "Provider", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.GetProperty | BindingFlags.Instance); object provider = providerProperty.GetValue(database, null); // database.Provider.Execute(query.Expression) // Here GetMethod() cannot be directly used, // because Execute() is a explicitly implemented interface method. Assembly assembly = Assembly.Load("System.Data.Linq"); Type providerType = assembly.GetTypes().SingleOrDefault( type => type.FullName == "System.Data.Linq.Provider.IProvider"); InterfaceMapping mapping = provider.GetType().GetInterfaceMap(providerType); MethodInfo executeMethod = mapping.InterfaceMethods.Single(method => method.Name == "Execute"); IExecuteResult executeResult = executeMethod.Invoke(provider, new object[] { query.Expression }) as IExecuteResult; // database.Provider.Execute(query.Expression).ReturnValue IEnumerable<Product> results = executeResult.ReturnValue as IEnumerable<Product>; // Processes the results. foreach (Product product in results) { Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}", product.ProductID, product.ProductName); } } This may be not straight forward enough. So here a solution will implement fluent reflection with a ToDynamic() extension method: IEnumerable<Product> results = database.ToDynamic() // Starts fluent reflection. .Provider.Execute(query.Expression).ReturnValue; C# 4.0 dynamic In this kind of scenarios, it is easy to have dynamic in mind, which enables developer to write whatever code after a dot: using (NorthwindDataContext database = new NorthwindDataContext()) { // Constructs the query. IQueryable<Product> query = database.Products.Where(product => product.ProductID > 0) .OrderBy(product => product.ProductName) .Take(2); // database.Provider dynamic dynamicDatabase = database; dynamic results = dynamicDatabase.Provider.Execute(query).ReturnValue; } This throws a RuntimeBinderException at runtime: 'System.Data.Linq.DataContext.Provider' is inaccessible due to its protection level. Here dynamic is able find the specified member. So the next thing is just writing some custom code to access the found member. .NET 4.0 DynamicObject, and DynamicWrapper<T> Where to put the custom code for dynamic? The answer is DynamicObject’s derived class. I first heard of DynamicObject from Anders Hejlsberg's video in PDC2008. It is very powerful, providing useful virtual methods to be overridden, like: TryGetMember() TrySetMember() TryInvokeMember() etc.  (In 2008 they are called GetMember, SetMember, etc., with different signature.) For example, if dynamicDatabase is a DynamicObject, then the following code: dynamicDatabase.Provider will invoke dynamicDatabase.TryGetMember() to do the actual work, where custom code can be put into. Now create a type to inherit DynamicObject: public class DynamicWrapper<T> : DynamicObject { private readonly bool _isValueType; private readonly Type _type; private T _value; // Not readonly, for value type scenarios. public DynamicWrapper(ref T value) // Uses ref in case of value type. { if (value == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("value"); } this._value = value; this._type = value.GetType(); this._isValueType = this._type.IsValueType; } public override bool TryGetMember(GetMemberBinder binder, out object result) { // Searches in current type's public and non-public properties. PropertyInfo property = this._type.GetTypeProperty(binder.Name); if (property != null) { result = property.GetValue(this._value, null).ToDynamic(); return true; } // Searches in explicitly implemented properties for interface. MethodInfo method = this._type.GetInterfaceMethod(string.Concat("get_", binder.Name), null); if (method != null) { result = method.Invoke(this._value, null).ToDynamic(); return true; } // Searches in current type's public and non-public fields. FieldInfo field = this._type.GetTypeField(binder.Name); if (field != null) { result = field.GetValue(this._value).ToDynamic(); return true; } // Searches in base type's public and non-public properties. property = this._type.GetBaseProperty(binder.Name); if (property != null) { result = property.GetValue(this._value, null).ToDynamic(); return true; } // Searches in base type's public and non-public fields. field = this._type.GetBaseField(binder.Name); if (field != null) { result = field.GetValue(this._value).ToDynamic(); return true; } // The specified member is not found. result = null; return false; } // Other overridden methods are not listed. } In the above code, GetTypeProperty(), GetInterfaceMethod(), GetTypeField(), GetBaseProperty(), and GetBaseField() are extension methods for Type class. For example: internal static class TypeExtensions { internal static FieldInfo GetBaseField(this Type type, string name) { Type @base = type.BaseType; if (@base == null) { return null; } return @base.GetTypeField(name) ?? @base.GetBaseField(name); } internal static PropertyInfo GetBaseProperty(this Type type, string name) { Type @base = type.BaseType; if (@base == null) { return null; } return @base.GetTypeProperty(name) ?? @base.GetBaseProperty(name); } internal static MethodInfo GetInterfaceMethod(this Type type, string name, params object[] args) { return type.GetInterfaces().Select(type.GetInterfaceMap).SelectMany(mapping => mapping.TargetMethods) .FirstOrDefault( method => method.Name.Split('.').Last().Equals(name, StringComparison.Ordinal) && method.GetParameters().Count() == args.Length && method.GetParameters().Select( (parameter, index) => parameter.ParameterType.IsAssignableFrom(args[index].GetType())).Aggregate( true, (a, b) => a && b)); } internal static FieldInfo GetTypeField(this Type type, string name) { return type.GetFields( BindingFlags.GetField | BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic).FirstOrDefault( field => field.Name.Equals(name, StringComparison.Ordinal)); } internal static PropertyInfo GetTypeProperty(this Type type, string name) { return type.GetProperties( BindingFlags.GetProperty | BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic).FirstOrDefault( property => property.Name.Equals(name, StringComparison.Ordinal)); } // Other extension methods are not listed. } So now, when invoked, TryGetMember() searches the specified member and invoke it. The code can be written like this: dynamic dynamicDatabase = new DynamicWrapper<NorthwindDataContext>(ref database); dynamic dynamicReturnValue = dynamicDatabase.Provider.Execute(query.Expression).ReturnValue; This greatly simplified reflection. ToDynamic() and fluent reflection To make it even more straight forward, A ToDynamic() method is provided: public static class DynamicWrapperExtensions { public static dynamic ToDynamic<T>(this T value) { return new DynamicWrapper<T>(ref value); } } and a ToStatic() method is provided to unwrap the value: public class DynamicWrapper<T> : DynamicObject { public T ToStatic() { return this._value; } } In the above TryGetMember() method, please notice it does not output the member’s value, but output a wrapped member value (that is, memberValue.ToDynamic()). This is very important to make the reflection fluent. Now the code becomes: IEnumerable<Product> results = database.ToDynamic() // Here starts fluent reflection. .Provider.Execute(query.Expression).ReturnValue .ToStatic(); // Unwraps to get the static value. With the help of TryConvert(): public class DynamicWrapper<T> : DynamicObject { public override bool TryConvert(ConvertBinder binder, out object result) { result = this._value; return true; } } ToStatic() can be omitted: IEnumerable<Product> results = database.ToDynamic() .Provider.Execute(query.Expression).ReturnValue; // Automatically converts to expected static value. Take a look at the reflection code at the beginning of this post again. Now it is much much simplified! Special scenarios In 90% of the scenarios ToDynamic() is enough. But there are some special scenarios. Access static members Using extension method ToDynamic() for accessing static members does not make sense. Instead, DynamicWrapper<T> has a parameterless constructor to handle these scenarios: public class DynamicWrapper<T> : DynamicObject { public DynamicWrapper() // For static. { this._type = typeof(T); this._isValueType = this._type.IsValueType; } } The reflection code should be like this: dynamic wrapper = new DynamicWrapper<StaticClass>(); int value = wrapper._value; int result = wrapper.PrivateMethod(); So accessing static member is also simple, and fluent of course. Change instances of value types Value type is much more complex. The main problem is, value type is copied when passing to a method as a parameter. This is why ref keyword is used for the constructor. That is, if a value type instance is passed to DynamicWrapper<T>, the instance itself will be stored in this._value of DynamicWrapper<T>. Without the ref keyword, when this._value is changed, the value type instance itself does not change. Consider FieldInfo.SetValue(). In the value type scenarios, invoking FieldInfo.SetValue(this._value, value) does not change this._value, because it changes the copy of this._value. I searched the Web and found a solution for setting the value of field: internal static class FieldInfoExtensions { internal static void SetValue<T>(this FieldInfo field, ref T obj, object value) { if (typeof(T).IsValueType) { field.SetValueDirect(__makeref(obj), value); // For value type. } else { field.SetValue(obj, value); // For reference type. } } } Here __makeref is a undocumented keyword of C#. But method invocation has problem. This is the source code of TryInvokeMember(): public override bool TryInvokeMember(InvokeMemberBinder binder, object[] args, out object result) { if (binder == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("binder"); } MethodInfo method = this._type.GetTypeMethod(binder.Name, args) ?? this._type.GetInterfaceMethod(binder.Name, args) ?? this._type.GetBaseMethod(binder.Name, args); if (method != null) { // Oops! // If the returnValue is a struct, it is copied to heap. object resultValue = method.Invoke(this._value, args); // And result is a wrapper of that copied struct. result = new DynamicWrapper<object>(ref resultValue); return true; } result = null; return false; } If the returned value is of value type, it will definitely copied, because MethodInfo.Invoke() does return object. If changing the value of the result, the copied struct is changed instead of the original struct. And so is the property and index accessing. They are both actually method invocation. For less confusion, setting property and index are not allowed on struct. Conclusions The DynamicWrapper<T> provides a simplified solution for reflection programming. It works for normal classes (reference types), accessing both instance and static members. In most of the scenarios, just remember to invoke ToDynamic() method, and access whatever you want: StaticType result = someValue.ToDynamic()._field.Method().Property[index]; In some special scenarios which requires changing the value of a struct (value type), this DynamicWrapper<T> does not work perfectly. Only changing struct’s field value is supported. The source code can be downloaded from here, including a few unit test code.

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• What is the least expensive way to obtain 1,000s of public IP addresses?

  - by Loryn

  What is the least expensive way to obtain 1,000s of public IP addresses? I'm needing to serve secure (https) pages for 1,000s of SSL certificates, and need a separate IP address for each SSL cert. So, I'm looking for the most economic means of doing so.

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• How to set public SSH key for root user on server?

  - by amrnt

  I'm trying to follow Slicehost Document to setup my server. I reached SSH section. I made it as written, but when i logged out from root, i cant access root@IP_ADDRESS -p 30000 again! but i can access user@IP_ADDRESS -p 30000. So, the question is, how to set a public SSH key for root user? Thanks in advance!

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• is there a way to connect to public wifi with psp ?

  - by gasga

  is there something like backtrack4 for psp that lets me use public wifi ? perhaps even do some security auditing on the psp ??? how long can psp remain on, if connected to AC adapter....will it overheat and shutdown as networking wifi drains lot of battery

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• How to stop Google Buzz from sharing my public Picasa web album?

  - by Nam Gi VU

  When I add a new public album on Picasa, Google Buzz will automatically post it to my friend on Buzz. How can I stop this?

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• How to get an unprivileged public status page showing in OpenWrt 12.09 or newer?

  - by lkraav

  For the use case where the WAN connection goes down, but employees can still access wifi, I'd like them to be able to check on some sort of a public router status page in their problem reports. This may have been available on DD-WRT at one point (or still is), I can't 100% recall anymore. Going through all LuCI's screens with a fine-toothed comb and googling a fair amount isn't producing results. Anyone have a solution?

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• What router hardware or software should be used when multiple public IPs are routed into the same LAN?

  - by lcbrevard

  I am looking for recommendations to replace a set of consumer grade (Linksys, Netgear, Belkin) routers with something that can handle more traffic while routing more than one static public IP into the same LAN address space. We have a block of static public IPs, 5 usable, with Comcast Business. Currently four of them are in use for: General office access Web server Mail and DNS servers Download and backup web server for separate business All systems (a mixture of physical and virtual) are in the same LAN address space (10.x.y.0/24) to enable easy access between them inside the office. There are 30 or more systems in use depending on which virtual machines are currently active. We have a mixture of Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, and Solaris. Currently a separate consumer grade router is used for each of the four static addresses, with its WAN address set to the specific static address and a different gateway address for each: uses 10.x.y.1 - various ports are forwarded to various LAN IPs on systems with gateway 10.x.y.1 uses 10.x.y.254 - port 80 is forwarded to a server with gateway 10.x.y.254 uses 10.x.y.253 - ports for mail and dns are forwarded to a server with gateway 10.x.y.253 uses 10.x.y.252 - ports as needed are forwarded to server with gateway 10.x.y.252 Only router 1. is allowed to serve DHCP and address reservation based on the MAC is used for most of the internal "server" IP addresses so they are at fixed values. [Some are set static due to limitations in the address reservation capabilities of router 1.] And, yes, this really does work! But... I am looking for: better DHCP with more capable address reservation higher capacity so I don't have to periodically power cycle the routers One obvious improvement would be to have a real DHCP server and not use a consumer grade router for that purpose. I am torn between buying a "professional" router such as Cisco or Juniper or Sonic Wall verus learning to configure some spare hardware to perform this function. The price goes up extremely rapidly with capabilities for commercial routers! Worse, some routers require licensing based on the number of clients - a disaster in our environment with so many virtual machines. Sorry for such a long posting but I am getting tired of having to power cycle routers and deal with shifting IP addresses afterwards!

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• How can I tell who deleted a folder from a public share?

  - by wizard

  Like a lot of offices we have a few public shares for different teams to save their data. Today I helped someone restore some folders from a shadow copy that had been deleted sometime last week. While I had the shadow copies (and backups elsewhere), I couldn't answer the obvious first question. "Who deleted the files?" We're running Windows 2003 server, everyone has active directory accounts.

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