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• IBM Websphere on Windows- OutOfMemoryError: Failed to create a thread

  - by Kishnan

  I have a J2EE application running on an IBM Websphere Application Server on a Windows Operating System. Occasionally I see an OutOfMemoryError Exception with the following information in the javacore file. 1TISIGINFO Dump Event "systhrow" (00040000) Detail "java/lang/OutOfMemoryError":"Failed to create a thread: retVal -1073741830, errno 12" received Java is run with the following configurations: -Xms512m -Xmx1350m -Xscmx50M Analyzing the javacore file, the number of threads are just 124. Analyzing the heap dump, the memory occupied by the heap is about 500Mb. Given the relatively normal number of threads and heap size a lot lower than the maximum, I am trying to figure out why I see this error? I´m not sure if this helps, but here is the top section of the javacore file... NULL ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0SECTION TITLE subcomponent dump routine NULL =============================== 1TISIGINFO Dump Event "systhrow" (00040000) Detail "java/lang/OutOfMemoryError":"Failed to create a thread: retVal -1073741830, errno 12" received 1TIDATETIME Date: 1970/01/01 at 00:00:00 1TIFILENAME Javacore filename: d:\WebSphere\AppServer\profiles\AppSrv01\javacore.19700101.000000.652.0003.txt NULL ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0SECTION GPINFO subcomponent dump routine NULL ================================ 2XHOSLEVEL OS Level : Windows Server 2003 5.2 build 3790 Service Pack 2 2XHCPUS Processors - 3XHCPUARCH Architecture : x86 3XHNUMCPUS How Many : 2 NULL 1XHERROR2 Register dump section only produced for SIGSEGV, SIGILL or SIGFPE. NULL NULL ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0SECTION ENVINFO subcomponent dump routine NULL ================================= 1CIJAVAVERSION J2RE 5.0 IBM J9 2.3 Windows Server 2003 x86-32 build j9vmwi3223-20080315 1CIVMVERSION VM build 20080314_17962_lHdSMr 1CIJITVERSION JIT enabled - 20080130_0718ifx2_r8 1CIRUNNINGAS Running as a standalone JVM 1CICMDLINE d:/WebSphere/AppServer/java/bin/java -Declipse.security -Dwas.status.socket=4434 -Dosgi.install.area=d:/WebSphere/AppServer -Dosgi.configuration.area=d:\WebSphere\AppServer\profiles\AppSrv01/configuration -Dosgi.framework.extensions=com.ibm.cds -Xshareclasses:name=webspherev61,nonFatal -Xscmx50M -Dcom.ibm.nio.DirectByteBuffer.SilentRetry=true -Xbootclasspath/p:d:/WebSphere/AppServer/java/jre/lib/ext/ibmorb.jar;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/java/jre/lib/ext/ibmext.jar -classpath d:\WebSphere\AppServer\profiles\AppSrv01/properties;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/properties;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/lib/startup.jar;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/lib/bootstrap.jar;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/lib/j2ee.jar;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/lib/lmproxy.jar;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/lib/urlprotocols.jar;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/deploytool/itp/batchboot.jar;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/deploytool/itp/batch2.jar;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/java/lib/tools.jar -Dibm.websphere.internalClassAccessMode=allow -Xms512m -Xmx1350m -Dws.ext.dirs=d:/WebSphere/AppServer/java/lib;d:\WebSphere\AppServer\profiles\AppSrv01/classes;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/classes;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/lib;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/installedChannels;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/lib/ext;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/web/help;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/deploytool/itp/plugins/com.ibm.etools.ejbdeploy/runtime -Dderby.system.home=d:/WebSphere/AppServer/derby -Dcom.ibm.itp.location=d:/WebSphere/AppServer/bin -Djava.util.logging.configureByServer=true -Duser.install.root=d:\WebSphere\AppServer\profiles\AppSrv01 -Djavax.management.builder.initial=com.ibm.ws.management.PlatformMBeanServerBuilder -Dwas.install.root=d:/WebSphere/AppServer -Dpython.cachedir=d:\WebSphere\AppServer\profiles\AppSrv01/temp/cachedir -Djava.util.logging.manager=com.ibm.ws.bootstrap.WsLogManager -Dserver.root=d:\WebSphere\AppServer\profiles\AppSrv01 -Dappserver.platform=was61 -Ddeploymentmgr.rmi.connection=ensi-nd01.sistema-cni.org.br:9809 -Dappserver.rmi.host=ensi-nd01.sistema-cni.org.br -Duser.timezone=GMT-3 -Djava.security.auth.login.config=d:\WebSphere\AppServer\profiles\AppSrv01/properties/wsjaas.conf -Djava.security.policy=d:\WebSphere\AppServer\profiles\AppSrv01/properties/server.policy com.ibm.wsspi.bootstrap.WSPreLauncher -nosplash -application com.ibm.ws.bootstrap.WSLauncher com.ibm.ws.runtime.WsServer d:\WebSphere\AppServer\profiles\AppSrv01\config ensi-nd01Cell01 ensi-aplic01Node01 lumis4.0.11 1CIJAVAHOMEDIR Java Home Dir: d:\WebSphere\AppServer\java\jre 1CIJAVADLLDIR Java DLL Dir: d:\WebSphere\AppServer\java\jre\bin 1CISYSCP Sys Classpath: d:/WebSphere/AppServer/java/jre/lib/ext/ibmorb.jar;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/java/jre/lib/ext/ibmext.jar;d:\WebSphere\AppServer\java\jre\lib\vm.jar;d:\WebSphere\AppServer\java\jre\lib\core.jar;d:\WebSphere\AppServer\java\jre\lib\charsets.jar;d:\WebSphere\AppServer\java\jre\lib\graphics.jar;d:\WebSphere\AppServer\java\jre\lib\security.jar;d:\WebSphere\AppServer\java\jre\lib\ibmpkcs.jar;d:\WebSphere\AppServer\java\jre\lib\ibmorb.jar;d:\WebSphere\AppServer\java\jre\lib\ibmcfw.jar;d:\WebSphere\AppServer\java\jre\lib\ibmorbapi.jar;d:\WebSphere\AppServer\java\jre\lib\ibmjcefw.jar;d:\WebSphere\AppServer\java\jre\lib\ibmjgssprovider.jar;d:\WebSphere\AppServer\java\jre\lib\ibmjsseprovider2.jar;d:\WebSphere\AppServer\java\jre\lib\ibmjaaslm.jar;d:\WebSphere\AppServer\java\jre\lib\ibmjaasactivelm.jar;d:\WebSphere\AppServer\java\jre\lib\ibmcertpathprovider.jar;d:\WebSphere\AppServer\java\jre\lib\server.jar;d:\WebSphere\AppServer\java\jre\lib\xml.jar; 1CIUSERARGS UserArgs: 2CIUSERARG -Xjcl:jclscar_23 2CIUSERARG -Dcom.ibm.oti.vm.bootstrap.library.path=d:\WebSphere\AppServer\java\jre\bin 2CIUSERARG -Dsun.boot.library.path=d:\WebSphere\AppServer\java\jre\bin 2CIUSERARG -Djava.library.path=d:\WebSphere\AppServer\java\jre\bin;.;D:\WebSphere\AppServer\bin;D:\WebSphere\AppServer\java\bin;D:\WebSphere\AppServer\java\jre\bin;D:\programas\oracle\product\10.2.0\client_1\bin;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;c:\Program Files\Intel\DMIX 2CIUSERARG -Djava.home=d:\WebSphere\AppServer\java\jre 2CIUSERARG -Djava.ext.dirs=d:\WebSphere\AppServer\java\jre\lib\ext 2CIUSERARG -Duser.dir=d:\WebSphere\AppServer\profiles\AppSrv01 2CIUSERARG _j2se_j9=70912 0x7E7A0BE8 2CIUSERARG -Dconsole.encoding=Cp850 2CIUSERARG vfprintf 0x00401145 2CIUSERARG -Declipse.security 2CIUSERARG -Dwas.status.socket=4434 2CIUSERARG -Dosgi.install.area=d:/WebSphere/AppServer 2CIUSERARG -Dosgi.configuration.area=d:\WebSphere\AppServer\profiles\AppSrv01/configuration 2CIUSERARG -Dosgi.framework.extensions=com.ibm.cds 2CIUSERARG -Xshareclasses:name=webspherev61,nonFatal 2CIUSERARG -Xscmx50M 2CIUSERARG -Dcom.ibm.nio.DirectByteBuffer.SilentRetry=true 2CIUSERARG -Xbootclasspath/p:d:/WebSphere/AppServer/java/jre/lib/ext/ibmorb.jar;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/java/jre/lib/ext/ibmext.jar 2CIUSERARG -Dibm.websphere.internalClassAccessMode=allow 2CIUSERARG -Xms512m 2CIUSERARG -Xmx1350m 2CIUSERARG -Dws.ext.dirs=d:/WebSphere/AppServer/java/lib;d:\WebSphere\AppServer\profiles\AppSrv01/classes;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/classes;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/lib;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/installedChannels;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/lib/ext;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/web/help;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/deploytool/itp/plugins/com.ibm.etools.ejbdeploy/runtime 2CIUSERARG -Dderby.system.home=d:/WebSphere/AppServer/derby 2CIUSERARG -Dcom.ibm.itp.location=d:/WebSphere/AppServer/bin 2CIUSERARG -Djava.util.logging.configureByServer=true 2CIUSERARG -Duser.install.root=d:\WebSphere\AppServer\profiles\AppSrv01 2CIUSERARG -Djavax.management.builder.initial=com.ibm.ws.management.PlatformMBeanServerBuilder 2CIUSERARG -Dwas.install.root=d:/WebSphere/AppServer 2CIUSERARG -Dpython.cachedir=d:\WebSphere\AppServer\profiles\AppSrv01/temp/cachedir 2CIUSERARG -Djava.util.logging.manager=com.ibm.ws.bootstrap.WsLogManager 2CIUSERARG -Dserver.root=d:\WebSphere\AppServer\profiles\AppSrv01 2CIUSERARG -Dappserver.platform=was61 2CIUSERARG -Ddeploymentmgr.rmi.connection=ensi-nd01.sistema-cni.org.br:9809 2CIUSERARG -Dappserver.rmi.host=ensi-nd01.sistema-cni.org.br 2CIUSERARG -Duser.timezone=GMT-3 2CIUSERARG -Djava.security.auth.login.config=d:\WebSphere\AppServer\profiles\AppSrv01/properties/wsjaas.conf 2CIUSERARG -Djava.security.policy=d:\WebSphere\AppServer\profiles\AppSrv01/properties/server.policy 2CIUSERARG -Dinvokedviajava 2CIUSERARG -Djava.class.path=d:\WebSphere\AppServer\profiles\AppSrv01/properties;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/properties;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/lib/startup.jar;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/lib/bootstrap.jar;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/lib/j2ee.jar;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/lib/lmproxy.jar;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/lib/urlprotocols.jar;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/deploytool/itp/batchboot.jar;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/deploytool/itp/batch2.jar;d:/WebSphere/AppServer/java/lib/tools.jar 2CIUSERARG vfprintf 2CIUSERARG _port_library 0x7E7A04F8 2CIUSERARG -Xdump NULL

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• Scrum Master Stephen Forte Teaches Agile Development, Silverlight and BI at GIDS 2010

  - by rajesh ahuja

  Great Indian Developer Summit 2010 – Gold Standard for India's Software Developer Ecosystem Bangalore, March 25, 2010: The author of several books on application and database development including Programming SQL Server 2008 and certified Scrum Master Stephen Forte is coming this summer to India's biggest summit for the developer ecosystem - Great Indian Developer Summit. At the summit, Stephen will conduct a workshop guaranteed to give attendees a jump start in taking a certified scrum master exam. Scrum, one of the most popular Agile project management and development methods, which is starting to be adopted at major corporations and on very large projects. After an introduction to the basics of Scrum like project planning and estimation, the Scrum Master, team, product owner and burn down, and of course the daily Scrum, Stephen will show many real world applications of the methodology drawn from his own experience as a Scrum Master. Negotiating with the business, estimation and team dynamics are all discussed as well as how to use Scrum in small organizations, large enterprise environments and consulting environments. Stephen will also discuss using Scrum with virtual teams and an off-shoring environment. He will then take a look at the tools we will use for Agile development, including planning poker, unit testing, and much more. On 20th April at the GIDS.NET Conference, Stephen will also conduct a series of sessions on Microsoft computing technologies. He will teach how to build data driven, n-tier Rich Internet Applications (RIA) with Silverlight 4.0. Line of business applications (LOB) in Silverlight 4.0 are easy by tapping the power of WCF RIA Services, the Silverlight Toolkit, and elevated out of browser support. Stephen's demo centric session will walk you through an example of building a LOB application with Silverlight 4.0. See how Silverlight and WCF RIA Services support domain logic, services, data binding, validation, server based paging, authentication, authorization and much more. Silverlight 4.0 means business. Silverlight runs C# and Visual Basic code, and so it seems natural that a business application might share some code between the Silverlight client and its ASP.NET Web server. You may want to run some code client-side for interactivity, but re-run that code on the server for security or reliability. This is possible, and there are several techniques you can use to accomplish this goal. In Stephen's second talk learn about the various techniques and their pros and cons. Some techniques work better in C#, others in VB. Still others are simpler with a little extra tooling or code-generation. Any serious Silverlight business application will almost certainly face this issue, and this session gets you going fast. In the third talk, Stephen will explain how to properly architect and deploy a BI application using a mix of some exciting new tools and some old familiar ones. He will start with a traditional relational transaction centric database (OLTP) and explore ways to build a data warehouse (OLAP), looking at the star and snowflake schemas. Next he will look at the process of extraction, transformation, and loading (ETL) your OLTP data into your data warehouse. Different techniques for ETL will be described and the various tradeoffs will be discussed. Then he will look at using the warehouse for reporting, drill down, and data analysis in Microsoft Excel's PowerPivot 2010. The session will round off by showing how to properly build a cube and build a data analysis application on top of that cube, and conclude by looking at some tools to help with the data visualization process. Every year, GIDS is a game changer for several thousands of IT professionals, providing them with a competitive edge over their peers, enlightening them with bleeding-edge information most useful in their daily jobs, helping them network with world-class experts and visionaries, and providing them with a much needed thrust in their careers. Attend Great Indian Developer Summit to gain the information, education and solutions you seek. From post-conference workshops, breakout sessions by expert instructors, keynotes by industry heavyweights, enhanced networking opportunities, and more. About Great Indian Developer Summit Great Indian Developer Summit is the gold standard for India's software developer ecosystem for gaining exposure to and evaluating new projects, tools, services, platforms, languages, software and standards. Packed with premium knowledge, action plans and advise from been-there-done-it veterans, creators, and visionaries, the 2010 edition of Great Indian Developer Summit features focused sessions, case studies, workshops and power panels that will transform you into a force to reckon with. Featuring 3 co-located conferences: GIDS.NET, GIDS.Web, GIDS.Java and an exclusive day of in-depth tutorials - GIDS.Workshops, from 20 April to 24 April at the IISc campus in Bangalore. At GIDS you'll participate in hundreds of sessions encompassing the full range of Microsoft computing, Java, Agile, RIA, Rich Web, open source/standards, languages, frameworks and platforms, practical tutorials that deep dive into technical skill and best practices, inspirational keynote presentations, an Expo Hall featuring dozens of the latest projects and products activities, engaging networking events, and the interact with the best and brightest of speakers from around the world. For further information on GIDS 2010, please visit the summit on the web http://www.developersummit.com/ A Saltmarch Media Press Release E: [email protected] Ph: +91 80 4005 1000

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• SOLVED mwfeedparser integrating in my app gives EXC_BAD_ACCESS (code=1, address=0xa0040008)

  - by Pranoy C

  SOLVED- Got it! The problem was that since I am creating the DoParsingStuff *parseThisUrl object in the viewDidLoad method, it's scope was only within that method. So after the method finished, the object got deallocated. I changed it to an instance variable instead and now it works. It gives a different error but that it an entirely different issue. Issue was: I have been struggling with trying to integrate the mwfeedparser library in my app for parsing RSS and ATOM feeds. It throws a gives EXC_BAD_ACCESS error which I can't seem to troubleshoot. //My Class looks like - My interface looks like: #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #import "MWFeedParser.h" #import "NSString+HTML.h" @protocol ParseCompleted <NSObject> -(void)parsedArray:(NSMutableArray *)parsedArray; @end @interface DoParsingStuff : NSObject<MWFeedParserDelegate> @property (nonatomic,strong) NSMutableArray *parsedItems; @property (nonatomic, strong) NSArray *itemsToDisplay; @property (nonatomic,strong) MWFeedParser *feedParser; @property (nonatomic,strong) NSURL *feedurl; @property (nonatomic,strong) id <ParseCompleted> delegate; -(id)initWithFeedURL:(NSURL *)url; @end //And Implementaion: #import "DoParsingStuff.h" @implementation DoParsingStuff @synthesize parsedItems = _parsedItems; @synthesize itemsToDisplay = _itemsToDisplay; @synthesize feedParser = _feedParser; @synthesize feedurl=_feedurl; @synthesize delegate = _delegate; -(id)initWithFeedURL:(NSURL *)url{ if(self = [super init]){ _feedurl=url; _feedParser = [[MWFeedParser alloc] initWithFeedURL:_feedurl]; _feedParser.delegate=self; _feedParser.feedParseType=ParseTypeFull; _feedParser.connectionType=ConnectionTypeAsynchronously; } return self; } -(void)doParsing{ BOOL y = [_feedParser parse]; } # pragma mark - # pragma mark MWFeedParserDelegate - (void)feedParserDidStart:(MWFeedParser *)parser { //Just tells what url is being parsed e.g. http://www.wired.com/reviews/feeds/latestProductsRss NSLog(@"Started Parsing: %@", parser.url); } - (void)feedParser:(MWFeedParser *)parser didParseFeedInfo:(MWFeedInfo *)info { //What is the Feed about e.g. "Product Reviews" NSLog(@"Parsed Feed Info: “%@”", info.title); //self.title = info.title; } - (void)feedParser:(MWFeedParser *)parser didParseFeedItem:(MWFeedItem *)item { //Prints current element's title e.g. “An Arthropod for Your iDevices” NSLog(@"Parsed Feed Item: “%@”", item.title); if (item) [_parsedItems addObject:item]; } - (void)feedParserDidFinish:(MWFeedParser *)parser {//This is where you can do your own stuff with the parsed items NSLog(@"Finished Parsing%@", (parser.stopped ? @" (Stopped)" : @"")); [_delegate parsedArray:_parsedItems]; //[self updateTableWithParsedItems]; } - (void)feedParser:(MWFeedParser *)parser didFailWithError:(NSError *)error { NSLog(@"Finished Parsing With Error: %@", error); if (_parsedItems.count == 0) { //self.title = @"Failed"; // Show failed message in title } else { // Failed but some items parsed, so show and inform of error UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"Parsing Incomplete" message:@"There was an error during the parsing of this feed. Not all of the feed items could parsed." delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"Dismiss" otherButtonTitles:nil]; [alert show]; } //[self updateTableWithParsedItems]; } @end //I am calling this from my main viewcontroller as such: #import "DoParsingStuff.h" @interface ViewController : UIViewController <ParseCompleted> .... //And I have the following methods in my implementation: DoParsingStuff *parseThisUrl = [[DoParsingStuff alloc] initWithFeedURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.theverge.com/rss/index.xml"]]; parseThisUrl.delegate=self; [parseThisUrl doParsing]; I have the method defined here as- -(void)parsedArray:(NSMutableArray *)parsedArray{ NSLog(@"%@",parsedArray); } //I stepped through breakpoints- When I try to go through the breakpoints, I see that everything goes fine till the very last [parseThisUrl doParsing]; in my delegate class. After that it starts showing me memory registers where I get lost. I think it could be due to arc as I have disabled arc on the mwfeedparser files but am using arc in the above classes. If you need the entire project for this, let me know. I tried it with NSZombies enabled and got a bit more info out of it: -[DoParsingStuff respondsToSelector:]: message sent to deallocated instance 0x6a52480 I am not using release/autorelease/retain etc. in this class...but it is being used in the mwfeedparser library.

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• Java :Interface for this code

  - by ibrahim

  Please i neeed help to make interface for this code: package com.ejada.alinma.edh.xsdtransform; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileReader; import java.io.FileWriter; import java.io.StringWriter; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Date; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.Properties; import java.util.StringTokenizer; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import javax.xml.transform.Result; import javax.xml.transform.Source; import javax.xml.transform.Transformer; import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory; import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource; import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult; /*import org.apache.log4j.Logger;*/ import org.apache.log4j.PropertyConfigurator; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.w3c.dom.DocumentFragment; import org.w3c.dom.Element; import org.w3c.dom.Node; import org.w3c.dom.NodeList; import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.serialize.OutputFormat; import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.serialize.XMLSerializer; /** * An XSD Transformer that replaces the "name" attribute's value in T24 XSDs * with the "shortname" attribute's value * * @author ahusseiny * */ public class XSDTransformer { /** * constants representing the XSD tags and attributes' names used in the parse process */ public static final String TAG_SCHEMA = "xsd:schema"; public static final String TAG_TEXT = "#text"; public static final String TAG_COMPLEX_TYPE = "xsd:complexType"; public static final String TAG_SIMPLE_TYPE = "xsd:simpleType"; public static final String TAG_SEQUENCE = "xsd:sequence"; public static final String TAG_ATTRIBUTE = "xsd:attribute"; public static final String TAG_ELEMENT = "xsd:element"; public static final String TAG_ANNOTATION = "xsd:annotation"; public static final String TAG_APP_INFO = "xsd:appinfo"; public static final String TAG_HAS_PROPERTY = "xsd:hasProperty"; public static final String TAG_RESTRICTION = "xsd:restriction"; public static final String TAG_MAX_LENGTH = "xsd:maxLength"; public static final String ATTR_NAME = "name"; public static final String ATTR_VALUE = "value"; public static final String ATTR_TYPE = "type"; public static final String ATTR_MIXED = "mixed"; public static final String ATTR_USE = "use"; public static final String ATTR_REF = "ref"; public static final String ATTR_MAX_OCCURS = "maxOccurs"; /** * constants representing specific XSD attributes' values used in the parse process */ public static final String FIELD_TAG = "fieldtag"; public static final String FIELD_NUMBER = "fieldnumber"; public static final String FIELD_DATA_TYPE = "fielddatatype"; public static final String FIELD_FMT = "fieldfmt"; public static final String FIELD_LEN = "fieldlen"; public static final String FIELD_INPUT_LEN = "fieldinputlen"; public static final String FIELD_GROUP_NUMBER = "fieldgroupnumber"; public static final String FIELD_MV_GROUP_NUMBER = "fieldmvgroupnumber"; public static final String FIELD_SHORT_NAME = "fieldshortname"; public static final String FIELD_NAME = "fieldname"; public static final String FIELD_COLUMN_NAME = "fieldcolumnname"; public static final String FIELD_GROUP_NAME = "fieldgroupname"; public static final String FIELD_MV_GROUP_NAME = "fieldmvgroupname"; public static final String FIELD_JUSTIFICATION = "fieldjustification"; public static final String FIELD_TYPE = "fieldtype"; public static final String FIELD_SINGLE_OR_MULTI = "singleormulti"; public static final String DELIMITER_COLUMN_TYPE = "#"; public static final String COLUMN_FK_ROW = "FK_ROW"; public static final String COLUMN_XPK_ROW = "XPK_ROW"; public static final int SQL_VIEW_MULTI = 1; public static final int SQL_VIEW_SINGLE = 2; public static final String DATA_TYPE_XSD_NUMERIC = "numeric"; public static final String DATA_TYPE_XSD_DECIMAL = "decimal"; public static final String DATA_TYPE_XSD_STRING = "string"; public static final String DATA_TYPE_XSD_DATE = "date"; /** * application configuration properties */ public static final String PROP_LOG4J_CONFIG_FILE = "log4j_config"; public static final String PROP_MAIN_VIEW_NAME_SINGLE = "view_name_single"; public static final String PROP_MAIN_VIEW_NAME_MULTI = "view_name_multi"; public static final String PROP_MAIN_TABLE_NAME = "main_edh_table_name"; public static final String PROP_SUB_TABLE_PREFIX = "sub_table_prefix"; public static final String PROP_SOURCE_XSD_FULLNAME = "source_xsd_fullname"; public static final String PROP_RESULTS_PATH = "results_path"; public static final String PROP_NEW_XSD_FILENAME = "new_xsd_filename"; public static final String PROP_CSV_FILENAME = "csv_filename"; /** * static holders for application-level utilities */ private static Properties appProps; private static Logger appLogger; /** * */ private StringBuffer sqlViewColumnsSingle = null; private StringBuffer sqlViewSelectSingle = null; private StringBuffer columnsCSV = null; private ArrayList<String> singleValueTableColumns = null; private HashMap<String, String> multiValueTablesSQL = null; private HashMap<Object, HashMap<String, Object>> groupAttrs = null; public XSDTransformer(String appConfigPropsPath) { if (appProps == null) { appProps = new Properties(); } try { init(appConfigPropsPath); } catch (Exception e) { appLogger.error(e.getMessage()); } } /** * initialization */ private void init(String appConfigPropsPath) throws Exception { // init the properties object FileReader in = new FileReader(appConfigPropsPath); appProps.load(in); // init the logger if ((appProps.getProperty(XSDTransformer.PROP_LOG4J_CONFIG_FILE) != null) && (!appProps.getProperty(XSDTransformer.PROP_LOG4J_CONFIG_FILE).equals(""))) { PropertyConfigurator.configure(appProps.getProperty(XSDTransformer.PROP_LOG4J_CONFIG_FILE)); if (appLogger == null) { appLogger = Logger.getLogger(XSDTransformer.class.getName()); } appLogger.info("Application initialization successful."); } sqlViewColumnsSingle = new StringBuffer(); sqlViewSelectSingle = new StringBuffer(); columnsCSV = new StringBuffer(XSDTransformer.FIELD_TAG + "," + XSDTransformer.FIELD_NUMBER + "," + XSDTransformer.FIELD_DATA_TYPE + "," + XSDTransformer.FIELD_FMT + "," + XSDTransformer.FIELD_LEN + "," + XSDTransformer.FIELD_INPUT_LEN + "," + XSDTransformer.FIELD_GROUP_NUMBER + "," + XSDTransformer.FIELD_MV_GROUP_NUMBER + "," + XSDTransformer.FIELD_SHORT_NAME + "," + XSDTransformer.FIELD_NAME + "," + XSDTransformer.FIELD_COLUMN_NAME + "," + XSDTransformer.FIELD_GROUP_NAME + "," + XSDTransformer.FIELD_MV_GROUP_NAME + "," + XSDTransformer.FIELD_JUSTIFICATION + "," + XSDTransformer.FIELD_TYPE + "," + XSDTransformer.FIELD_SINGLE_OR_MULTI + System.getProperty("line.separator")); singleValueTableColumns = new ArrayList<String>(); singleValueTableColumns.add(XSDTransformer.COLUMN_XPK_ROW + XSDTransformer.DELIMITER_COLUMN_TYPE + XSDTransformer.DATA_TYPE_XSD_NUMERIC); multiValueTablesSQL = new HashMap<String, String>(); groupAttrs = new HashMap<Object, HashMap<String, Object>>(); } /** * initialize the <code>DocumentBuilder</code> and read the XSD file * * @param docPath * @return the <code>Document</code> object representing the read XSD file */ private Document retrieveDoc(String docPath) { Document xsdDoc = null; File file = new File(docPath); try { DocumentBuilder builder = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder(); xsdDoc = builder.parse(file); } catch (Exception e) { appLogger.error(e.getMessage()); } return xsdDoc; } /** * perform the iteration/modification on the document * iterate to the level which contains all the elements (Single-Value, and Groups) and start processing each * * @param xsdDoc * @return */ private Document transformDoc(Document xsdDoc) { ArrayList<Object> newElementsList = new ArrayList<Object>(); HashMap<String, Object> docAttrMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(); Element sequenceElement = null; Element schemaElement = null; // get document's root element NodeList nodes = xsdDoc.getChildNodes(); for (int i = 0; i < nodes.getLength(); i++) { if (XSDTransformer.TAG_SCHEMA.equals(nodes.item(i).getNodeName())) { schemaElement = (Element) nodes.item(i); break; } } // process the document (change single-value elements, collect list of new elements to be added) for (int i1 = 0; i1 < schemaElement.getChildNodes().getLength(); i1++) { Node childLevel1 = (Node) schemaElement.getChildNodes().item(i1); // <ComplexType> element if (childLevel1.getNodeName().equals(XSDTransformer.TAG_COMPLEX_TYPE)) { // first, get the main attributes and put it in the csv file for (int i6 = 0; i6 < childLevel1.getChildNodes().getLength(); i6++) { Node child6 = childLevel1.getChildNodes().item(i6); if (XSDTransformer.TAG_ATTRIBUTE.equals(child6.getNodeName())) { if (child6.getAttributes().getNamedItem(XSDTransformer.ATTR_NAME) != null) { String attrName = child6.getAttributes().getNamedItem(XSDTransformer.ATTR_NAME).getNodeValue(); if (((Element) child6).getElementsByTagName(XSDTransformer.TAG_SIMPLE_TYPE).getLength() != 0) { Node simpleTypeElement = ((Element) child6).getElementsByTagName(XSDTransformer.TAG_SIMPLE_TYPE) .item(0); if (((Element) simpleTypeElement).getElementsByTagName(XSDTransformer.TAG_RESTRICTION).getLength() != 0) { Node restrictionElement = ((Element) simpleTypeElement).getElementsByTagName( XSDTransformer.TAG_RESTRICTION).item(0); if (((Element) restrictionElement).getElementsByTagName(XSDTransformer.TAG_MAX_LENGTH).getLength() != 0) { Node maxLengthElement = ((Element) restrictionElement).getElementsByTagName( XSDTransformer.TAG_MAX_LENGTH).item(0); HashMap<String, String> elementProperties = new HashMap<String, String>(); elementProperties.put(XSDTransformer.FIELD_TAG, attrName); elementProperties.put(XSDTransformer.FIELD_NUMBER, "0"); elementProperties.put(XSDTransformer.FIELD_DATA_TYPE, XSDTransformer.DATA_TYPE_XSD_STRING); elementProperties.put(XSDTransformer.FIELD_FMT, ""); elementProperties.put(XSDTransformer.FIELD_NAME, attrName); elementProperties.put(XSDTransformer.FIELD_SHORT_NAME, attrName); elementProperties.put(XSDTransformer.FIELD_COLUMN_NAME, attrName); elementProperties.put(XSDTransformer.FIELD_SINGLE_OR_MULTI, "S"); elementProperties.put(XSDTransformer.FIELD_LEN, maxLengthElement.getAttributes().getNamedItem( XSDTransformer.ATTR_VALUE).getNodeValue()); elementProperties.put(XSDTransformer.FIELD_INPUT_LEN, maxLengthElement.getAttributes() .getNamedItem(XSDTransformer.ATTR_VALUE).getNodeValue()); constructElementRow(elementProperties); // add the attribute as a column in the single-value table singleValueTableColumns.add(attrName + XSDTransformer.DELIMITER_COLUMN_TYPE + XSDTransformer.DATA_TYPE_XSD_STRING + XSDTransformer.DELIMITER_COLUMN_TYPE + maxLengthElement.getAttributes().getNamedItem(XSDTransformer.ATTR_VALUE).getNodeValue()); // add the attribute as a column in the single-values view sqlViewColumnsSingle.append(System.getProperty("line.separator") + attrName + ", "); sqlViewSelectSingle.append(System.getProperty("line.separator") + attrName + ", "); appLogger.debug("added attribute: " + attrName); } } } } } } // now, loop on the elements and process them for (int i2 = 0; i2 < childLevel1.getChildNodes().getLength(); i2++) { Node childLevel2 = (Node) childLevel1.getChildNodes().item(i2); // <Sequence> element if (childLevel2.getNodeName().equals(XSDTransformer.TAG_SEQUENCE)) { sequenceElement = (Element) childLevel2; for (int i3 = 0; i3 < childLevel2.getChildNodes().getLength(); i3++) { Node childLevel3 = (Node) childLevel2.getChildNodes().item(i3); // <Element> element if (childLevel3.getNodeName().equals(XSDTransformer.TAG_ELEMENT)) { // check if single element or group if (isGroup(childLevel3)) { processGroup(childLevel3, true, null, docAttrMap, xsdDoc, newElementsList); // insert a new comment node with the contents of the group tag sequenceElement.insertBefore(xsdDoc.createComment(serialize(childLevel3)), childLevel3); // remove the group tag sequenceElement.removeChild(childLevel3); } else { processElement(childLevel3); } } } } } } } // add new elements // this step should be after finishing processing the whole document. when you add new elements to the document // while you are working on it, those new elements will be included in the processing. We don't need that! for (int i = 0; i < newElementsList.size(); i++) { sequenceElement.appendChild((Element) newElementsList.get(i)); } // write the new required attributes to the schema element Iterator<String> attrIter = docAttrMap.keySet().iterator(); while(attrIter.hasNext()) { Element attr = (Element) docAttrMap.get(attrIter.next()); Element newAttrElement = xsdDoc.createElement(XSDTransformer.TAG_ATTRIBUTE); appLogger.debug("appending attr. [" + attr.getAttribute(XSDTransformer.ATTR_NAME) + "]..."); newAttrElement.setAttribute(XSDTransformer.ATTR_NAME, attr.getAttribute(XSDTransformer.ATTR_NAME)); newAttrElement.setAttribute(XSDTransformer.ATTR_TYPE, attr.getAttribute(XSDTransformer.ATTR_TYPE)); schemaElement.appendChild(newAttrElement); } return xsdDoc; } /** * check if the <code>element</code> sent is single-value element or group * element. the comparison depends on the children of the element. if found one of type * <code>ComplexType</code> then it's a group element, and if of type * <code>SimpleType</code> then it's a single-value element * * @param element * @return <code>true</code> if the element is a group element, * <code>false</code> otherwise */ private boolean isGroup(Node element) { for (int i = 0; i < element.getChildNodes().getLength(); i++) { Node child = (Node) element.getChildNodes().item(i); if (child.getNodeName().equals(XSDTransformer.TAG_COMPLEX_TYPE)) { // found a ComplexType child (Group element) return true; } else if (child.getNodeName().equals(XSDTransformer.TAG_SIMPLE_TYPE)) { // found a SimpleType child (Single-Value element) return false; } } return false; /* String attrName = null; if (element.getAttributes() != null) { Node attribute = element.getAttributes().getNamedItem(XSDTransformer.ATTR_NAME); if (attribute != null) { attrName = attribute.getNodeValue(); } } if (attrName.startsWith("g")) { // group element return true; } else { // single element return false; } */ } /** * process a group element. recursively, process groups till no more group elements are found * * @param element * @param isFirstLevelGroup * @param attrMap * @param docAttrMap * @param xsdDoc * @param newElementsList */ private void processGroup(Node element, boolean isFirstLevelGroup, Node parentGroup, HashMap<String, Object> docAttrMap, Document xsdDoc, ArrayList<Object> newElementsList) { String elementName = null; HashMap<String, Object> groupAttrMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(); HashMap<String, Object> parentGroupAttrMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(); if (element.getAttributes().getNamedItem(XSDTransformer.ATTR_NAME) != null) { elementName = element.getAttributes().getNamedItem(XSDTransformer.ATTR_NAME).getNodeValue(); } appLogger.debug("processing group [" + elementName + "]..."); // get the attributes if a non-first-level-group // attributes are: groups's own attributes + parent group's attributes if (!isFirstLevelGroup) { // get the current element (group) attributes for (int i1 = 0; i1 < element.getChildNodes().getLength(); i1++) { if (XSDTransformer.TAG_COMPLEX_TYPE.equals(element.getChildNodes().item(i1).getNodeName())) { Node complexTypeNode = element.getChildNodes().item(i1); for (int i2 = 0; i2 < complexTypeNode.getChildNodes().getLength(); i2++) { if (XSDTransformer.TAG_ATTRIBUTE.equals(complexTypeNode.getChildNodes().item(i2).getNodeName())) { appLogger.debug("add group attr: " + ((Element) complexTypeNode.getChildNodes().item(i2)).getAttribute(XSDTransformer.ATTR_NAME)); groupAttrMap.put(((Element) complexTypeNode.getChildNodes().item(i2)).getAttribute(XSDTransformer.ATTR_NAME), complexTypeNode.getChildNodes().item(i2)); docAttrMap.put(((Element) complexTypeNode.getChildNodes().item(i2)).getAttribute(XSDTransformer.ATTR_NAME), complexTypeNode.getChildNodes().item(i2)); } } } } // now, get the parent's attributes parentGroupAttrMap = groupAttrs.get(parentGroup); if (parentGroupAttrMap != null) { Iterator<String> iter = parentGroupAttrMap.keySet().iterator(); while (iter.hasNext()) { String attrName = iter.next(); groupAttrMap.put(attrName, parentGroupAttrMap.get(attrName)); } } // put the attributes in the attributes map groupAttrs.put(element, groupAttrMap); } for (int i = 0; i < element.getChildNodes().getLength(); i++) { Node childLevel1 = (Node) element.getChildNodes().item(i); if (childLevel1.getNodeName().equals(XSDTransformer.TAG_COMPLEX_TYPE)) { for (int j = 0; j < childLevel1.getChildNodes().getLength(); j++) { Node childLevel2 = (Node) childLevel1.getChildNodes().item(j); if (childLevel2.getNodeName().equals(XSDTransformer.TAG_SEQUENCE)) { for (int k = 0; k < childLevel2.getChildNodes().getLength(); k++) { Node childLevel3 = (Node) childLevel2.getChildNodes().item(k); if (childLevel3.getNodeName().equals(XSDTransformer.TAG_ELEMENT)) { // check if single element or group if (isGroup(childLevel3)) { // another group element.. // unfortunately, a recursion is // needed here!!! :-( processGroup(childLevel3, false, element, docAttrMap, xsdDoc, newElementsList); } else { // reached a single-value element.. copy it under the // main sequence and apply the name-shorname // replacement processGroupElement(childLevel3, element, isFirstLevelGroup, xsdDoc, newElementsList); } } } } } } } appLogger.debug("finished processing group [" + elementName + "]."); } /** * process the sent <code>element</code> to extract/modify required * information: * 1. replace the <code>name</code> attribute with the <code>shortname</code>. * * @param element */ private void processElement(Node element) { String fieldShortName = null; String fieldColumnName = null; String fieldDataType = null; String fieldFormat = null; String fieldInputLength = null; String elementName = null; HashMap<String, String> elementProperties = new HashMap<String, String>(); if (element.getAttributes().getNamedItem(XSDTransformer.ATTR_NAME) != null) { elementName = element.getAttributes().getNamedItem(XSDTransformer.ATTR_NAME).getNodeValue(); } appLogger.debug("processing element [" + elementName + "]..."); for (int i = 0; i < element.getChildNodes().getLength(); i++) { Node childLevel1 = (Node) element.getChildNodes().item(i); if (childLevel1.getNodeName().equals(XSDTransformer.TAG_ANNOTATION)) { for (int j = 0; j < childLevel1.getChildNodes().getLength(); j++) { Node childLevel2 = (Node) childLevel1.getChildNodes().item(j); if (childLevel2.getNodeName().equals(XSDTransformer.TAG_APP_INFO)) { for (int k = 0; k < childLevel2.getChildNodes().getLength(); k++) { Node childLevel3 = (Node) childLevel2.getChildNodes().item(k); if (childLevel3.getNodeName().equals(XSDTransformer.TAG_HAS_PROPERTY)) { if (childLevel3.getAttributes() != null) { String attrName = null; Node attribute = childLevel3.getAttributes().getNamedItem(XSDTransformer.ATTR_NAME); if (attribute != null) { attrName = attribute.getNodeValue(); elementProperties.put(attrName, childLevel3.getAttributes().getNamedItem(XSDTransformer.ATTR_VALUE) .getNodeValue()); if (attrName.equals(XSDTransformer.FIELD_SHORT_NAME)) { fieldShortName = childLevel3.getAttributes().getNamedItem(XSDTransformer.ATTR_VALUE) .getNodeValue(); } else if (attrName.equals(XSDTransformer.FIELD_COLUMN_NAME)) { fieldColumnName = childLevel3.getAttributes().getNamedItem(XSDTransformer.ATTR_VALUE) .getNodeValue(); } else if (attrName.equals(XSDTransformer.FIELD_DATA_TYPE)) { fieldDataType = childLevel3.getAttributes().getNamedItem(XSDTransformer.ATTR_VALUE) .getNodeValue(); } else if (attrName.equals(XSDTransformer.FIELD_FMT)) { fieldFormat = childLevel3.getAttributes().getNamedItem(XSDTransformer.ATTR_VALUE) .getNodeValue(); } else if (attrName.equals(XSDTransformer.FIELD_INPUT_LEN)) { fieldInputLength = childLevel3.getAttributes().getNamedItem(XSDTransformer.ATTR_VALUE) .getNodeValue(); } } } } } } } } } if (element.getAttributes().getNamedItem(XSDTransformer.ATTR_NAME) != null) { element.getAttributes().getNamedItem(XSDTransformer.ATTR_NAME).setNodeValue(fieldShortName); } sqlViewColumnsSingle.append(System.getProperty("line.separator") + fieldColumnName + ", "); sqlViewSelectSingle.append(System.getProperty("line.separator") + fieldShortName + ", "); elementProperties.put(XSDTransformer.FIELD_SINGLE_OR_MULTI, "S"); constructElementRow(elementProperties); singleValueTableColumns.add(fieldShortName + XSDTransformer.DELIMITER_COLUMN_TYPE + fieldDataType + fieldFormat + XSDTransformer.DELIMITER_COLUMN_TYPE + fieldInputLength); appLogger.debug("finished processing element [" + elementName + "]."); } /** * process the sent <code>element</code> to extract/modify required * information: * 1. copy the element under the main sequence * 2. replace the <code>name</code> attribute with the <code>shortname</code>. * 3. add the attributes of the parent groups (if non-first-level-group) * * @param element */ private void processGroupElement(Node element, Node parentGroup, boolean isFirstLevelGroup, Document xsdDoc, ArrayList<Object> newElementsList) { String fieldShortName = null; String fieldColumnName = null; String fieldDataType = null; String fieldFormat = null; String fieldInputLength = null; String elementName = null; Element newElement = null; HashMap<String, String> elementProperties = new HashMap<String, String>(); ArrayList<String> tableColumns = new ArrayList<String>(); HashMap<String, Object> groupAttrMap = null; if (element.getAttributes().getNamedItem(XSDTransformer.ATTR_NAME) != null) { elementName = element.getAttributes().getNamedItem(XSDTransformer.ATTR_NAME).getNodeValue(); } appLogger.debug("processing element [" + elementName + "]..."); // 1. copy the element newElement = (Element) element.cloneNode(true); newElement.setAttribute(XSDTransformer.ATTR_MAX_OCCURS, "unbounded"); // 2. if non-first-level-group, replace the element's SimpleType tag with a ComplexType tag if (!isFirstLevelGroup) { if (((Element) newElement).getElementsByTagName(XSDTransformer.TAG_SIMPLE_TYPE).getLength() != 0) { // there should be only one tag of SimpleType Node simpleTypeNode = ((Element) newElement).getElementsByTagName(XSDTransformer.TAG_SIMPLE_TYPE).item(0); // create the new ComplexType element Element complexTypeNode = xsdDoc.createElement(XSDTransformer.TAG_COMPLEX_TYPE); complexTypeNode.setAttribute(XSDTransformer.ATTR_MIXED, "true"); // get the list of attributes for the parent group groupAttrMap = groupAttrs.get(parentGroup); Iterator<String> attrIter = groupAttrMap.keySet().iterator(); while(attrIter.hasNext()) { Element attr = (Element) groupAttrMap.get(attrIter.next()); Element newAttrElement = xsdDoc.createElement(XSDTransformer.TAG_ATTRIBUTE); appLogger.debug("adding attr. [" + attr.getAttribute(XSDTransformer.ATTR_NAME) + "]..."); newAttrElement.setAttribute(XSDTransformer.ATTR_REF, attr.getAttribute(XSDTransformer.ATTR_NAME)); newAttrElement.setAttribute(XSDTransformer.ATTR_USE, "optional"); complexTypeNode.appendChild(newAttrElement); } // replace the old SimpleType node with the new ComplexType node newElement.replaceChild(complexTypeNode, simpleTypeNode); } } // 3. replace the name with the shortname in the new element for (int i = 0; i < newElement.getChildNodes().getLength(); i++) { Node childLevel1 = (Node) newElement.getChildNodes().item(i); if (childLevel1.getNodeName().equals(XSDTransformer.TAG_ANNOTATION)) { for (int j = 0; j < childLevel1.getChildNodes().getLength(); j++) { Node childLevel2 = (Node) childLevel1.getChildNodes().item(j); if (childLevel2.getNodeName().equals(XSDTransformer.TAG_APP_INFO)) { for (int k = 0; k < childLevel2.getChildNodes().getLength(); k++) { Node childLevel3 = (Node) childLevel2.getChildNodes().item(k); if (childLevel3.getNodeName().equals(XSDTransformer.TAG_HAS_PROPERTY)) { if (childLevel3.getAttributes() != null) { String attrName = null; Node attribute = childLevel3.getAttributes().getNamedItem(XSDTransformer.ATTR_NAME); if (attribute != null) { attrName = attribute.getNodeValue(); elementProperties.put(attrName, childLevel3.getAttributes().getNamedItem(XSDTransformer.ATTR_VALUE) .getNodeValue()); if (attrName.equals(XSDTransformer.FIELD_SHORT_NAME)) { fieldShortName = childLevel3.getAttributes().getNamedItem(XSDTransformer.ATTR_VALUE) .getNodeValue(); } else if (attrName.equals(XSDTransformer.FIELD_COLUMN_NAME)) { fieldColumnName = childLevel3.getAttributes().getNamedItem(XSDTransformer.ATTR_VALUE) .getNodeValue(); } else if (attrName.equals(XSDTransformer.FIELD_DATA_TYPE)) { fieldDataType = childLevel3.getAttributes().getNamedItem(XSDTransformer.ATTR_VALUE) .getNodeValue(); } else if (attrName.equals(XSDTransformer.FIELD_FMT)) { fieldFormat = childLevel3.getAttributes().getNamedItem(XSDTransformer.ATTR_VALUE)

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• Problems with sending a multipart/alternative email with PHP

  - by saturdayplace

  Here's the script that's builds/sends the email: $boundary = md5(date('U')); $to = $email; $subject = "My Subject"; $headers = "From: [email protected]" . "\r\n". "X-Mailer: PHP/".phpversion() ."\r\n". "MIME-Version: 1.0" . "\r\n". "Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=--$boundary". "\r\n". "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit". "\r\n"; $text = "You really ought remember the birthdays"; $html = '<html> <head> <title>Birthday Reminders for August</title> </head> <body> <p>Here are the birthdays upcoming in August!</p> <table> <tr> <th>Person</th><th>Day</th><th>Month</th><th>Year</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Joe</td><td>3rd</td><td>August</td><td>1970</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sally</td><td>17th</td><td>August</td><td>1973</td> </tr> </table> </body> </html> '; $message = "Multipart Message coming up" . "\r\n\r\n". "--".$boundary. "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=\"iso-8859-1\"" . "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit". $text. "--".$boundary. "Content-Type: text/html; charset=\"iso-8859-1\"". "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit". $html. "--".$boundary."--"; mail("[email protected]", $subject, $message, $headers); It sends the message just fine, and my recipient receives it, but they get the whole thing in text/plain instead of in multipart/alternative. Viewing the source of the received message gives this (lots of cruft removed): Delivered-To: [email protected] Received: by 10.90.100.4 with SMTP id x4cs111413agb; Wed, 25 Mar 2009 16:39:32 -0700 (PDT) Received: by 10.100.153.6 with SMTP id a6mr85081ane.123.1238024372342; Wed, 25 Mar 2009 16:39:32 -0700 (PDT) Return-Path: <[email protected]> --- snip --- Date: Wed, 25 Mar 2009 17:37:36 -0600 (MDT) Message-Id: <[email protected]> To: [email protected] Subject: My Subject From: [email protected] X-Mailer: PHP/4.3.9 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; boundary="--66131caf569f63b24f43d529d8973560" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-OriginalArrivalTime: 25 Mar 2009 23:38:30.0531 (UTC) FILETIME=[CDC4E530:01C9ADA2] X-TM-AS-Product-Ver: SMEX-8.0.0.1181-5.600.1016-16540.005 X-TM-AS-Result: No--4.921300-8.000000-31 X-TM-AS-User-Approved-Sender: No X-TM-AS-User-Blocked-Sender: No Multipart Message coming up --66131caf569f63b24f43d529d8973560 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit You really ought remember the birthdays --66131caf569f63b24f43d529d8973560 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit <html> <head> <title>Birthday Reminders for August</title> </head> <body> <p>Here are the birthdays upcoming in August!</p> <table> <tr> <th>Person</th><th>Day</th><th>Month</th><th>Year</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Joe</td><td>3rd</td><td>August</td><td>1970</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sally</td><td>17th</td><td>August</td><td>1973</td> </tr> </table> </body> </html> --66131caf569f63b24f43d529d8973560-- It looks like the content-type header is getting changed along the way from multipart/alternative to text/plain. I'm no sysadmin, so if this is a sendmail issue I'm in way over my head. Any suggestions?

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• Jquery qtip ajax issue

  - by user272899

  Hi All, I am trying to post the value of an input box (In this case a imdb link) to my imdbgrabber.php page and have it return the info of that movie into a qtip box. Everything works fine until i try and post the variable to the imdbgrabber page. This is the code. Javascript: var link = $("#link").val(); var imdbLink = 'link='+ link; $(".moviebox").qtip({ style: { name: 'cream' }, content: { method: 'GET', data: imdbLink, url: '/includes/imdbgrabber.php', text: '<img class="throbber" src="/images/loading.gif" alt="Loading..." />' }, position: { corner: { target: 'bottomright', tooltip: 'bottomleft' } } }); HTML: <!--start moviebox--> <div class="moviebox"> <a href="#"> <img src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_mySxtRcQIag/S6deHcoChaI/AAAAAAAAObc/Z1Xg3aB_wkU/s200/rising_sun.jpg" /> <form method="get" action=""> <input type="text" name="link" id="link" style="display:none" value="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0367882"/> </form> </a> </div> <!--end moviebox--> and finally the php: <?php $url=$_GET['link']; //$url = 'http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0367882/'; //get the page content $imdb_content = get_data($url); //parse for product name $name = get_match('/<title>(.*)<\/title>/isU',$imdb_content); $director = strip_tags(get_match('/<h5[^>]*>Director:<\/h5>(.*)<\/div>/isU',$imdb_content)); $plot = get_match('/<h5[^>]*>Plot:<\/h5>(.*)<\/div>/isU',$imdb_content); $release_date = get_match('/<h5[^>]*>Release Date:<\/h5>(.*)<\/div>/isU',$imdb_content); $mpaa = get_match('/<a href="\/mpaa">MPAA<\/a>:<\/h5>(.*)<\/div>/isU',$imdb_content); $run_time = get_match('/Runtime:<\/h5>(.*)<\/div>/isU',$imdb_content); $rating = get_match('/<div class="starbar-meta">(.*)<\/div>/isU',$imdb_content); ////build content //$content = '<h2>Film</h2><p>'.$name.'</p>' // . '<h2>Director</h2><p>'.$director.'</p>' // . '<h2>Plot</h2><p>'.substr($plot,0,strpos($plot,'<a')).'</p>' // . '<h2>Release Date</h2><p>'.substr($release_date,0,strpos($release_date,'<a')).'</p>' // . '<h2>MPAA</h2><p>'.$mpaa.'</p>' // . '<h2>Run Time</h2><p>'.$run_time.'</p>' // . '<h2>Full Details</h2><p><a href="'.$url.'" rel="nofollow">'.$url.'</a></p>'; //gets the match content function get_match($regex,$content) { preg_match($regex,$content,$matches); return $matches[1]; } //gets the data from a URL function get_data($url) { $ch = curl_init(); $timeout = 5; curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_URL,$url); curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,1); curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT,$timeout); $data = curl_exec($ch); curl_close($ch); return $data; } ?> <!--start infobox--> <div class="info"> <span> <?php echo '<strong>'.$name.'</strong>' ?> </span> <img src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_mySxtRcQIag/S6deHcoChaI/AAAAAAAAObc/Z1Xg3aB_wkU/s200/rising_sun.jpg" /> <div class="plot"> <?php echo ''.substr($plot,0,strpos($plot,'<a')).'</div>' ?> </div> <div class="runtime"> <?php echo'<strong>Run Time</strong><br />'.$run_time.'</div>' ?> </div> <div class="releasedate"> <?php echo '<strong>Release Date</strong><br />'.substr($release_date,0,strpos($release_date,'<a')).'</div>' ?> </div> <div class="director"> <?php echo '<strong>Director</strong><br />'.$director.'' ?> </div> <div class="rating"> <?php echo '<strong>Rating</strong><br />'.$rating.'' ?> </div> </div> <!--end infobox--> I am sure it is a simple mistake somewhere but after hours of looking i thought i would ask the experts.

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• Undefined offset PHP error

  - by user272899

  I am recieving the following error: Notice indefined offset 1: in C:\wamp\www\includes\imdbgrabber.php line 36 the code is for getting information from IMDB. The link is posted to the page using ajax on another page, I have tested that i am getting the correct response using echo $url <?php $url = $_GET['link']; echo $url; //$url = 'http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0367882/'; //get the page content $imdb_content = get_data($url); //parse for product name $name = get_match('/<title>(.*)<\/title>/isU',$imdb_content); $director = strip_tags(get_match('/<h5[^>]*>Director:<\/h5>(.*)<\/div>/isU',$imdb_content)); $plot = get_match('/<h5[^>]*>Plot:<\/h5>(.*)<\/div>/isU',$imdb_content); $release_date = get_match('/<h5[^>]*>Release Date:<\/h5>(.*)<\/div>/isU',$imdb_content); $mpaa = get_match('/<a href="\/mpaa">MPAA<\/a>:<\/h5>(.*)<\/div>/isU',$imdb_content); $run_time = get_match('/Runtime:<\/h5>(.*)<\/div>/isU',$imdb_content); $rating = get_match('/<div class="starbar-meta">(.*)<\/div>/isU',$imdb_content); ////build content //$content = '<h2>Film</h2><p>'.$name.'</p>' // . '<h2>Director</h2><p>'.$director.'</p>' // . '<h2>Plot</h2><p>'.substr($plot,0,strpos($plot,'<a')).'</p>' // . '<h2>Release Date</h2><p>'.substr($release_date,0,strpos($release_date,'<a')).'</p>' // . '<h2>MPAA</h2><p>'.$mpaa.'</p>' // . '<h2>Run Time</h2><p>'.$run_time.'</p>' // . '<h2>Full Details</h2><p><a href="'.$url.'" rel="nofollow">'.$url.'</a></p>'; //gets the match content function get_match($regex,$content) { preg_match($regex,$content,$matches); return $matches[0]; } //gets the data from a URL function get_data($url) { $ch = curl_init(); $timeout = 5; curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_URL,$url); curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,1); curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT,$timeout); $data = curl_exec($ch); curl_close($ch); return $data; } ?> <!--start infobox--> <div class="info"> <span> <?php echo '<strong>'.$name.'</strong>' ?> </span> <!-- <img src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_mySxtRcQIag/S6deHcoChaI/AAAAAAAAObc/Z1Xg3aB_wkU/s200/rising_sun.jpg" /> --> <div class="plot"> <?php echo ''.substr($plot,0,strpos($plot,'<a')).'</div>' ?> </div> <div class="runtime"> <?php echo'<strong>Run Time</strong><br />'.$run_time.'</div>' ?> </div> <div class="releasedate"> <?php echo '<strong>Release Date</strong><br />'.substr($release_date,0,strpos($release_date,'<a')).'</div>' ?> </div> <div class="director"> <?php echo '<strong>Director</strong><br />'.$director.'' ?> </div> <div class="rating"> <?php echo '<strong>Rating</strong><br />'.$rating.'' ?> </div> </div> <!--end infobox-->

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• Does there exist an "idea checkout system" on the Internet?

  - by TimeSpace Traveller

  Greetings. I would like to ask the following question: is there anything on the Internet like an "idea checkout" system? Situation: I'm a software developer. Since my current job has started 2 years ago, my mentor at that time has pointed me to the open source world. I have only put little time to look at some of the open source projects, let alone any contribution. However, it is my wish to start developing something outside of the work. Well, except a little problem. I don't know what to develop! It is not about the technical knowledge; the problem is that, I am not a creative person. I am very good at analytical thinking, as well as debugging skills. When being told by my work partners to develop a solution, I could get it done without a problem. However, outside of work, I have no idea what to develop. When I look at the Internet, it seems that so many people have already been developing on so many interesting stuff, making me wonder what I could develop, so that I would not reinvent something already existed. That starts to make me wonder. On the Internet, is there anything like an "idea checkout" system or society? For example, some people would throw in as a software idea, and the system would keep it as an "inventory"; later, a potential software developer would "check out" the idea, just a how people would check out a book from the library. Then, the developer would check the "idea" back in, with a certain kind of work-in-progress or developed software, thus becoming an open-source project. I have just noticed that here at stackoverflow, there is a "Project-Ideas" tag, so perhaps that can provide me some ideas on what to develop; still, my wonder is about a system that people would provide ideas, and people would check out ideas to develop / implement into actual solution. Is there such a system or society existing anywhere on the Internet? Any input is welcome! Thank you very much. Update: Thank you for everyone who has answered my question. Certainly, "getting idea" is part of my problem; as a software developer, however, I'm concerned more than just "getting idea". What I am concerned more, as I have commented, is about the existence of such an idea exchanging ecosystem, capable to initiate open-source projects. I'll put an example here. Say, person A has an idea of music search program, but not search by the attributes of the music (composer, singer, publisher, lyrics, etc.); instead, he wants a program (and a database) to search a piece of music by melody. Very often, people only remember a piece of music by its melody, not even the name of the music (e.g. the music he wants was only once heard in a bookstore, but the melody just gets stuck in his head!). In order to find that piece, normally he would just need to blindly search for it, and spent a long time to do so. A search by melody would enable person A to find the piece much quicker. However, he would not want to personally work on it, not just because of the complexity (he is not a musician and/or programmer, knowing almost nothing about music systems in computer, search algorithms, etc.), but also legal issues (RIAA??), thus he would just like to keep the idea at some place, and let other people to work on that. Now, a developer (person B) may be at the same stage as I am right now, wishing to find something to develop, but not having an idea. With the idea exchanging ecosystem, person B will search, and somehow discover person A's music search idea, and feeling interested enough to work on it. So he "checks out" the idea, start working on it (at least a skeleton), and checks back in with the progress. An open-source project starts from here, fulfilling person A's wish, and person B's programming desire. The above is just an example, because there are already such systems exist on the Internet, but it illustrates what I think about the idea exchange system in my mind. My main concern is about idea exchanging ecosystem, not at personal and unorganized level, but at a semi-organized protocol that's specifically for software developers, having actual projects coming out as the fruits. Not about "projects", but about "ideas and product of ideas". Hopefully that would clear up some of the original idea of this question. Any input is welcome; in fact, I would like to hear as many people as possible how everyone thinks about this. Thank you very much!

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• How can I further optimize this color difference function?

  - by aLfa

  I have made this function to calculate color differences in the CIE Lab colorspace, but it lacks speed. Since I'm not a Java expert, I wonder if any Java guru around has some tips that can improve the speed here. The code is based on the matlab function mentioned in the comment block. /** * Compute the CIEDE2000 color-difference between the sample color with * CIELab coordinates 'sample' and a standard color with CIELab coordinates * 'std' * * Based on the article: * "The CIEDE2000 Color-Difference Formula: Implementation Notes, * Supplementary Test Data, and Mathematical Observations,", G. Sharma, * W. Wu, E. N. Dalal, submitted to Color Research and Application, * January 2004. * available at http://www.ece.rochester.edu/~gsharma/ciede2000/ */ public static double deltaE2000(double[] lab1, double[] lab2) { double L1 = lab1[0]; double a1 = lab1[1]; double b1 = lab1[2]; double L2 = lab2[0]; double a2 = lab2[1]; double b2 = lab2[2]; // Cab = sqrt(a^2 + b^2) double Cab1 = Math.sqrt(a1 * a1 + b1 * b1); double Cab2 = Math.sqrt(a2 * a2 + b2 * b2); // CabAvg = (Cab1 + Cab2) / 2 double CabAvg = (Cab1 + Cab2) / 2; // G = 1 + (1 - sqrt((CabAvg^7) / (CabAvg^7 + 25^7))) / 2 double CabAvg7 = Math.pow(CabAvg, 7); double G = 1 + (1 - Math.sqrt(CabAvg7 / (CabAvg7 + 6103515625.0))) / 2; // ap = G * a double ap1 = G * a1; double ap2 = G * a2; // Cp = sqrt(ap^2 + b^2) double Cp1 = Math.sqrt(ap1 * ap1 + b1 * b1); double Cp2 = Math.sqrt(ap2 * ap2 + b2 * b2); // CpProd = (Cp1 * Cp2) double CpProd = Cp1 * Cp2; // hp1 = atan2(b1, ap1) double hp1 = Math.atan2(b1, ap1); // ensure hue is between 0 and 2pi if (hp1 < 0) { // hp1 = hp1 + 2pi hp1 += 6.283185307179586476925286766559; } // hp2 = atan2(b2, ap2) double hp2 = Math.atan2(b2, ap2); // ensure hue is between 0 and 2pi if (hp2 < 0) { // hp2 = hp2 + 2pi hp2 += 6.283185307179586476925286766559; } // dL = L2 - L1 double dL = L2 - L1; // dC = Cp2 - Cp1 double dC = Cp2 - Cp1; // computation of hue difference double dhp = 0.0; // set hue difference to zero if the product of chromas is zero if (CpProd != 0) { // dhp = hp2 - hp1 dhp = hp2 - hp1; if (dhp > Math.PI) { // dhp = dhp - 2pi dhp -= 6.283185307179586476925286766559; } else if (dhp < -Math.PI) { // dhp = dhp + 2pi dhp += 6.283185307179586476925286766559; } } // dH = 2 * sqrt(CpProd) * sin(dhp / 2) double dH = 2 * Math.sqrt(CpProd) * Math.sin(dhp / 2); // weighting functions // Lp = (L1 + L2) / 2 - 50 double Lp = (L1 + L2) / 2 - 50; // Cp = (Cp1 + Cp2) / 2 double Cp = (Cp1 + Cp2) / 2; // average hue computation // hp = (hp1 + hp2) / 2 double hp = (hp1 + hp2) / 2; // identify positions for which abs hue diff exceeds 180 degrees if (Math.abs(hp1 - hp2) > Math.PI) { // hp = hp - pi hp -= Math.PI; } // ensure hue is between 0 and 2pi if (hp < 0) { // hp = hp + 2pi hp += 6.283185307179586476925286766559; } // LpSqr = Lp^2 double LpSqr = Lp * Lp; // Sl = 1 + 0.015 * LpSqr / sqrt(20 + LpSqr) double Sl = 1 + 0.015 * LpSqr / Math.sqrt(20 + LpSqr); // Sc = 1 + 0.045 * Cp double Sc = 1 + 0.045 * Cp; // T = 1 - 0.17 * cos(hp - pi / 6) + // + 0.24 * cos(2 * hp) + // + 0.32 * cos(3 * hp + pi / 30) - // - 0.20 * cos(4 * hp - 63 * pi / 180) double hphp = hp + hp; double T = 1 - 0.17 * Math.cos(hp - 0.52359877559829887307710723054658) + 0.24 * Math.cos(hphp) + 0.32 * Math.cos(hphp + hp + 0.10471975511965977461542144610932) - 0.20 * Math.cos(hphp + hphp - 1.0995574287564276334619251841478); // Sh = 1 + 0.015 * Cp * T double Sh = 1 + 0.015 * Cp * T; // deltaThetaRad = (pi / 3) * e^-(36 / (5 * pi) * hp - 11)^2 double powerBase = hp - 4.799655442984406; double deltaThetaRad = 1.0471975511965977461542144610932 * Math.exp(-5.25249016001879 * powerBase * powerBase); // Rc = 2 * sqrt((Cp^7) / (Cp^7 + 25^7)) double Cp7 = Math.pow(Cp, 7); double Rc = 2 * Math.sqrt(Cp7 / (Cp7 + 6103515625.0)); // RT = -sin(delthetarad) * Rc double RT = -Math.sin(deltaThetaRad) * Rc; // de00 = sqrt((dL / Sl)^2 + (dC / Sc)^2 + (dH / Sh)^2 + RT * (dC / Sc) * (dH / Sh)) double dLSl = dL / Sl; double dCSc = dC / Sc; double dHSh = dH / Sh; return Math.sqrt(dLSl * dLSl + dCSc * dCSc + dHSh * dHSh + RT * dCSc * dHSh); }

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• Complex sound handling (I.E. pitch change while looping)

  - by Matthew

  Hi everyone I've been meaning to learn Java for a while now (I usually keep myself in languages like C and Lua) but buying an android phone seems like an excellent time to start. now after going through the lovely set of tutorials and a while spent buried in source code I'm beginning to get the feel for it so what's my next step? well to dive in with a fully featured application with graphics, sound, sensor use, touch response and a full menu. hmm now there's a slight conundrum since i can continue to use cryptic references to my project or risk telling you what the application is but at the same time its going to make me look like a raving sci-fi nerd so bare with me for the brief... A semi-working sonic screwdriver (oh yes!) my grand idea was to make an animated screwdriver where sliding the controls up and down modulate the frequency and that frequency dictates the sensor data it returns. now I have a semi-working sound system but its pretty poor for what its designed to represent and I just wouldn't be happy producing a sub-par end product whether its my first or not. the problem : sound must begin looping when the user presses down on the control the sound must stop when the user releases the control when moving the control up or down the sound effect must change pitch accordingly if the user doesn't remove there finger before backing out of the application it must plate the casing of there device with gold (Easter egg ;P) now I'm aware of how monolithic the first 3 look and that's why I would really appreciate any help I can get. sorry for how bad this code looks but my general plan is to create the functional components then refine the code later, no good painting the walls if the roofs not finished. here's my user input, he set slide stuff is used in the graphics for the control @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { //motion event for the screwdriver view if(event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) { //make sure the users at least trying to touch the slider if (event.getY() > SonicSlideYTop && event.getY() < SonicSlideYBottom) { //power setup, im using 1.5 to help out the rate on soundpool since it likes 0.5 to 1.5 SonicPower = 1.5f - ((event.getY() - SonicSlideYTop) / SonicSlideLength); //just goes into a method which sets a private variable in my sound pool class thing mSonicAudio.setPower(1, SonicPower); //this handles the slides graphics setSlideY ( (int) event.getY() ); @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { //motion event for the screwdriver view if(event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) { //make sure the users at least trying to touch the slider if (event.getY() > SonicSlideYTop && event.getY() < SonicSlideYBottom) { //power setup, im using 1.5 to help out the rate on soundpool since it likes 0.5 to 1.5 SonicPower = 1.5f - ((event.getY() - SonicSlideYTop) / SonicSlideLength); //just goes into a method which sets a private variable in my sound pool class thing mSonicAudio.setPower(1, SonicPower); //this handles the slides graphics setSlideY ( (int) event.getY() ); //this is from my latest attempt at loop pitch change, look for this in my soundPool class mSonicAudio.startLoopedSound(); } } if(event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE) { if (event.getY() > SonicSlideYTop && event.getY() < SonicSlideYBottom) { SonicPower = 1.5f - ((event.getY() - SonicSlideYTop) / SonicSlideLength); mSonicAudio.setPower(1, SonicPower); setSlideY ( (int) event.getY() ); } } if(event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP) { mSonicAudio.stopLoopedSound(); SonicPower = 1.5f - ((event.getY() - SonicSlideYTop) / SonicSlideLength); mSonicAudio.setPower(1, SonicPower); } return true; } and here's where those methods end up in my sound pool class its horribly messy but that's because I've been trying a ton of variants to get this to work, you will also notice that I begin to hard code the index, again I was trying to get the methods to work before making them work well. package com.mattster.sonicscrewdriver; import java.util.HashMap; import android.content.Context; import android.media.AudioManager; import android.media.SoundPool; public class SoundManager { private float mPowerLvl = 1f; private SoundPool mSoundPool; private HashMap mSoundPoolMap; private AudioManager mAudioManager; private Context mContext; private int streamVolume; private int LoopState; private long mLastTime; public SoundManager() { } public void initSounds(Context theContext) { mContext = theContext; mSoundPool = new SoundPool(2, AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC, 0); mSoundPoolMap = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>(); mAudioManager = (AudioManager)mContext.getSystemService(Context.AUDIO_SERVICE); streamVolume = mAudioManager.getStreamVolume(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC); } public void addSound(int index,int SoundID) { mSoundPoolMap.put(1, mSoundPool.load(mContext, SoundID, 1)); } public void playUpdate(int index) { if( LoopState == 1) { long now = System.currentTimeMillis(); if (now > mLastTime) { mSoundPool.play(mSoundPoolMap.get(1), streamVolume, streamVolume, 1, 0, mPowerLvl); mLastTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + 250; } } } public void stopLoopedSound() { LoopState = 0; mSoundPool.setVolume(mSoundPoolMap.get(1), 0, 0); mSoundPool.stop(mSoundPoolMap.get(1)); } public void startLoopedSound() { LoopState = 1; } public void setPower(int index, float mPower) { mPowerLvl = mPower; mSoundPool.setRate(mSoundPoolMap.get(1), mPowerLvl); } } ah ha! I almost forgot, that looks pretty ineffective but I omitted my thread which actuality updates it, nothing fancy it just calls : mSonicAudio.playUpdate(1); thanks in advance, Matthew

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• Design advice for avoiding change in several classes

  - by Anders Svensson

  Hi, I'm trying to figure out how to design a small application more elegantly, and make it more resistant to change. Basically it is a sort of project price calculator, and the problem is that there are many parameters that can affect the pricing. I'm trying to avoid cluttering the code with a lot of if-clauses for each parameter, but still I have e.g. if-clauses in two places checking for the value of the size parameter. I have the Head First Design Patterns book, and have tried to find ideas there, but the closest I got was the decorator pattern, which has an example where starbuzz coffee sets prices depending first on condiments added, and then later in an exercise by adding a size parameter (Tall, Grande, Venti). But that didn't seem to help, because adding that parameter still seemed to add if-clause complexity in a lot of places (and this being an exercise they didn't explain that further). What I am trying to avoid is having to change several classes if a parameter were to change or a new parameter added, or at least change in as few places as possible (there's some fancy design principle word for this that I don't rememeber :-)). Here below is the code. Basically it calculates the price for a project that has the tasks "Writing" and "Analysis" with a size parameter and different pricing models. There will be other parameters coming in later too, like "How new is the product?" (New, 1-5 years old, 6-10 years old), etc. Any advice on the best design would be greatly appreciated, whether a "design pattern" or just good object oriented principles that would make it resistant to change (e.g. adding another size, or changing one of the size values, and only have to change in one place rather than in several if-clauses): public class Project { private readonly int _numberOfProducts; protected Size _size; public Task Analysis { get; set; } public Task Writing { get; set; } public Project(int numberOfProducts) { _numberOfProducts = numberOfProducts; _size = GetSize(); Analysis = new AnalysisTask(numberOfProducts, _size); Writing = new WritingTask(numberOfProducts, _size); } private Size GetSize() { if (_numberOfProducts <= 2) return Size.small; if (_numberOfProducts <= 8) return Size.medium; return Size.large; } public double GetPrice() { return Analysis.GetPrice() + Writing.GetPrice(); } } public abstract class Task { protected readonly int _numberOfProducts; protected Size _size; protected double _pricePerHour; protected Dictionary<Size, int> _hours; public abstract int TotalHours { get; } public double Price { get; set; } protected Task(int numberOfProducts, Size size) { _numberOfProducts = numberOfProducts; _size = size; } public double GetPrice() { return _pricePerHour * TotalHours; } } public class AnalysisTask : Task { public AnalysisTask(int numberOfProducts, Size size) : base(numberOfProducts, size) { _pricePerHour = 850; _hours = new Dictionary<Size, int>() { { Size.small, 56 }, { Size.medium, 104 }, { Size.large, 200 } }; } public override int TotalHours { get { return _hours[_size]; } } } public class WritingTask : Task { public WritingTask(int numberOfProducts, Size size) : base(numberOfProducts, size) { _pricePerHour = 650; _hours = new Dictionary<Size, int>() { { Size.small, 125 }, { Size.medium, 100 }, { Size.large, 60 } }; } public override int TotalHours { get { if (_size == Size.small) return _hours[_size] * _numberOfProducts; if (_size == Size.medium) return (_hours[Size.small] * 2) + (_hours[Size.medium] * (_numberOfProducts - 2)); return (_hours[Size.small] * 2) + (_hours[Size.medium] * (8 - 2)) + (_hours[Size.large] * (_numberOfProducts - 8)); } } } public enum Size { small, medium, large } public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); List<int> quantities = new List<int>(); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { quantities.Add(i); } comboBoxNumberOfProducts.DataSource = quantities; } private void comboBoxNumberOfProducts_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { Project project = new Project((int)comboBoxNumberOfProducts.SelectedItem); labelPrice.Text = project.GetPrice().ToString(); labelWriterHours.Text = project.Writing.TotalHours.ToString(); labelAnalysisHours.Text = project.Analysis.TotalHours.ToString(); } } At the end is a simple current calling code in the change event for a combobox that set size... (BTW, I don't like the fact that I have to use several dots to get to the TotalHours at the end here either, as far as I can recall, that violates the "principle of least knowledge" or "the law of demeter", so input on that would be appreciated too, but it's not the main point of the question) Regards, Anders

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• Embedding mercurial revision information in Visual Studio c# projects automatically

  - by Mark Booth

  Original Problem In building our projects, I want the mercurial id of each repository to be embedded within the product(s) of that repository (the library, application or test application). I find it makes it so much easier to debug an application ebing run by custiomers 8 timezones away if you know precisely what went into building the particular version of the application they are using. As such, every project (application or library) in our systems implement a way of getting at the associated revision information. I also find it very useful to be able to see if an application has been compiled with clean (un-modified) changesets from the repository. 'Hg id' usefully appends a + to the changeset id when there are uncommitted changes in a repository, so this allows is to easily see if people are running a clean or a modified version of the code. My current solution is detailed below, and fulfills the basic requirements, but there are a number of problems with it. Current Solution At the moment, to each and every Visual Studio solution, I add the following "Pre-build event command line" commands: cd $(ProjectDir) HgID I also add an HgID.bat file to the Project directory: @echo off type HgId.pre > HgId.cs For /F "delims=" %%a in ('hg id') Do <nul >>HgID.cs set /p = @"%%a" echo ; >> HgId.cs echo } >> HgId.cs echo } >> HgId.cs along with an HgId.pre file, which is defined as: namespace My.Namespace { /// <summary> Auto generated Mercurial ID class. </summary> internal class HgID { /// <summary> Mercurial version ID [+ is modified] [Named branch]</summary> public const string Version = When I build my application, the pre-build event is triggered on all libraries, creating a new HgId.cs file (which is not kept under revision control) and causing the library to be re-compiled with with the new 'hg id' string in 'Version'. Problems with the current solution The main problem is that since the HgId.cs is re-created at each pre-build, every time we need to compile anything, all projects in the current solution are re-compiled. Since we want to be able to easily debug into our libraries, we usually keep many libraries referenced in our main application solution. This can result in build times which are significantly longer than I would like. Ideally I would like the libraries to compile only if the contents of the HgId.cs file has actually changed, as opposed to having been re-created with exactly the same contents. The second problem with this method is it's dependence on specific behaviour of the windows shell. I've already had to modify the batch file several times, since the original worked under XP but not Vista, the next version worked under Vista but not XP and finally I managed to make it work with both. Whether it will work with Windows 7 however is anyones guess and as time goes on, I see it more likely that contractors will expect to be able to build our apps on their Windows 7 boxen. Finally, I have an aesthetic problem with this solution, batch files and bodged together template files feel like the wrong way to do this. My actual questions How would you solve/how are you solving the problem I'm trying to solve? What better options are out there than what I'm currently doing? Rejected Solutions to these problems Before I implemented the current solution, I looked at Mercurials Keyword extension, since it seemed like the obvious solution. However the more I looked at it and read peoples opinions, the more that I came to the conclusion that it wasn't the right thing to do. I also remember the problems that keyword substitution has caused me in projects at previous companies (just the thought of ever having to use Source Safe again fills me with a feeling of dread *8'). Also, I don't particularly want to have to enable Mercurial extensions to get the build to complete. I want the solution to be self contained, so that it isn't easy for the application to be accidentally compiled without the embedded version information just because an extension isn't enabled or the right helper software hasn't been installed. I also thought of writing this in a better scripting language, one where I would only write HgId.cs file if the content had actually changed, but all of the options I could think of would require my co-workers, contractors and possibly customers to have to install software they might not otherwise want (for example cygwin). Any other options people can think of would be appreciated. Update Partial solution Having played around with it for a while, I've managed to get the HgId.bat file to only overwrite the HgId.cs file if it changes: @echo off type HgId.pre > HgId.cst For /F "delims=" %%a in ('hg id') Do <nul >>HgId.cst set /p = @"%%a" echo ; >> HgId.cst echo } >> HgId.cst echo } >> HgId.cst fc HgId.cs HgId.cst >NUL if %errorlevel%==0 goto :ok copy HgId.cst HgId.cs :ok del HgId.cst Problems with this solution Even though HgId.cs is no longer being re-created every time, Visual Studio still insists on compiling everything every time. I've tried looking for solutions and tried checking "Only build startup projects and dependencies on Run" in Tools|Options|Projects and Solutions|Build and Run but it makes no difference. The second problem also remains, and now I have no way to test if it will work with Vista, since that contractor is no longer with us. If anyone can test this batch file on a Windows 7 and/or Vista box, I would appreciate hearing how it went. Finally, my aesthetic problem with this solution, is even strnger than it was before, since the batch file is more complex and this there is now more to go wrong. If you can think of any better solution, I would love to hear about them.

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• Service injection into Controller (Spring MVC)

  - by ThaSaleni

  Hi I have a Spring web application, I have built it up to the controller stage and I could inject my Daos, into my Services fine. Now when I want to inject my Service into my controller i get an error for dependency with the Dao and further down the sessionFactory. I don't want to inject these again cause this will ultimately lead me to eventually create a data source but I have my Daos for data access and they already know about sessionFactory. Am I missing something here? here's the sample code snippets My Service: @Service("productService") @Transactional public class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService { private ProductDao productDao; @Autowired public void setDao(ProductDao productDao) { this.productDao = productDao; } My Controller @Controller @WebServlet(name="controllerServlet", loadOnStartup= urlPatterns=...}) public class ControllerServlet extends HttpServlet { boolean isUserLogedIn =false; @Autowired private ProductService productService; public void setProductService(ProductService productService){ this.productService = productService; } Servlet-context Stack trace javax.servlet.ServletException: Servlet.init() for servlet mvcServlet threw exception org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:472) org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:98) org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:927) org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:407) org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:999) org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java: 565) org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(AprEndpoint.java:1812) java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:886) java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:908) java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662) root cause org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'controllerServlet': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.phumzile.acme.services.ProductService com.phumzile.acme.client.web.controller.ControllerServlet.productService; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [com.phumzile.acme.services.ProductService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)} org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.p ostProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:287) org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1106) org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:517) org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:456) org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:294) org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:225) SERVLET-CONTEXT <context:component-scan base-package="com.phumzile.acme.client" /> <!-- Enables the Spring MVC @Controller programming model --> <mvc:annotation-driven /> </beans> APP-CONFIG <bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer"> <property name="locations"> <list> <value>configuration.properties</value> </list> </property> </bean> <context:annotation-config/> <context:component-scan base-package="com.phumzile.acme" /> <import resource="db-config.xml" /> </beans> DB-CONFIG <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="10800"/> <property name="maxIdleTime" value="21600"/> <property name="driverClass"> <value>${jdbc.driver.className}</value> </property> <property name="jdbcUrl"> <value>${jdbc.url}</value> </property> <property name="user"> <value>${jdbc.username}</value> </property> <property name="password"> <value>${jdbc.password}</value> </property> </bean> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.a nnotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource"> <ref bean="dataSource" /> </property> <property name="annotatedClasses"> <list> <!-- Entities --> <value>com.phumzile.acme.model.User</value> <value>com.phumzile.acme.model.Person</value> <value>com.phumzile.acme.model.Company</value> <value>com.phumzile.acme.model.Product</value> <value>com.phumzile.acme.model.Game</value> <value>com.phumzile.acme.model.Book</value> <!-- Entities --> </list> </property> <property name="packagesToScan" value="com.phumzile.acme" /> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.dialect">${jdbc.hibernate.dialect </prop> <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">validate</prop> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory"> <ref bean="sessionFactory" /> </property> </bean> <tx:annotation-driven /> </beans> CONFIGURATION.PROPERTIES jdbc.driver.className=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb jdbc.username=root jdbc.password=root jdbc.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect

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• Get the property, as a string, from an Expression<Func<TModel,TProperty>>

  - by Jaxidian

  I use some strongly-typed expressions that get serialized to allow my UI code to have strongly-typed sorting and searching expressions. These are of type Expression<Func<TModel,TProperty>> and are used as such: SortOption.Field = (p => p.FirstName);. I've gotten this working perfectly for this simple case. The code that I'm using for parsing the "FirstName" property out of there is actually reusing some existing functionality in a third-party product that we use and it works great, until we start working with deeply-nested properties(SortOption.Field = (p => p.Address.State.Abbreviation);). This code has some very different assumptions in the need to support deeply-nested properties. As for what this code does, I don't really understand it and rather than changing that code, I figured I should just write from scratch this functionality. However, I don't know of a good way to do this. I suspect we can do something better than doing a ToString() and performing string parsing. So what's a good way to do this to handle the trivial and deeply-nested cases? Requirements: Given the expression p => p.FirstName I need a string of "FirstName". Given the expression p => p.Address.State.Abbreviation I need a string of "Address.State.Abbreviation" While it's not important for an answer to my question, I suspect my serialization/deserialization code could be useful to somebody else who finds this question in the future, so it is below. Again, this code is not important to the question - I just thought it might help somebody. Note that DynamicExpression.ParseLambda comes from the Dynamic LINQ stuff and Property.PropertyToString() is what this question is about. /// <summary> /// This defines a framework to pass, across serialized tiers, sorting logic to be performed. /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TModel">This is the object type that you are filtering.</typeparam> /// <typeparam name="TProperty">This is the property on the object that you are filtering.</typeparam> [Serializable] public class SortOption<TModel, TProperty> : ISerializable where TModel : class { /// <summary> /// Convenience constructor. /// </summary> /// <param name="property">The property to sort.</param> /// <param name="isAscending">Indicates if the sorting should be ascending or descending</param> /// <param name="priority">Indicates the sorting priority where 0 is a higher priority than 10.</param> public SortOption(Expression<Func<TModel, TProperty>> property, bool isAscending = true, int priority = 0) { Property = property; IsAscending = isAscending; Priority = priority; } /// <summary> /// Default Constructor. /// </summary> public SortOption() : this(null) { } /// <summary> /// This is the field on the object to filter. /// </summary> public Expression<Func<TModel, TProperty>> Property { get; set; } /// <summary> /// This indicates if the sorting should be ascending or descending. /// </summary> public bool IsAscending { get; set; } /// <summary> /// This indicates the sorting priority where 0 is a higher priority than 10. /// </summary> public int Priority { get; set; } #region Implementation of ISerializable /// <summary> /// This is the constructor called when deserializing a SortOption. /// </summary> protected SortOption(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context) { IsAscending = info.GetBoolean("IsAscending"); Priority = info.GetInt32("Priority"); // We just persisted this by the PropertyName. So let's rebuild the Lambda Expression from that. Property = DynamicExpression.ParseLambda<TModel, TProperty>(info.GetString("Property"), default(TModel), default(TProperty)); } /// <summary> /// Populates a <see cref="T:System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo"/> with the data needed to serialize the target object. /// </summary> /// <param name="info">The <see cref="T:System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo"/> to populate with data. </param> /// <param name="context">The destination (see <see cref="T:System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext"/>) for this serialization. </param> public void GetObjectData(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context) { // Just stick the property name in there. We'll rebuild the expression based on that on the other end. info.AddValue("Property", Property.PropertyToString()); info.AddValue("IsAscending", IsAscending); info.AddValue("Priority", Priority); } #endregion }

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• Fullscreen image with jquery on window resize?

  - by lauthiamkok

  I am trying to make fullscreen images with jquery when the window resize function is triggered. But I get this kind of result - where you can see a gap at the bottom of the image which I don't know how to fix it. the basic html, <!-- container --> <div id="container" class="container"> <div class="holder-supersize" id="supersize"> <ul class="background-supersize"> <li><a href="#"><img src="styles/images/IMG_0250.jpg" alt="" width="1000" height="667" /></a></li> <li><a href="#"><img src="styles/images/IMG_0255.jpg" alt="" width="667" height="1000" /></a></li> <li class="active"><a href="#"><img src="styles/images/IMG_0323.jpg" alt="" width="1158" height="772" /></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <!-- container --> jquery for updating image size on window resize, $(document).ready(function(){ $(window).resize(function(){ $(".holder-supersize").each(function() { //Define image ratio & minimum dimensions var minwidth = .5*(640); var minheight = .5*(480); var ratio = 480/640; //Gather browser and current image size var imagewidth = $(this).width(); var imageheight = $(this).height(); var browserwidth = $(window).width(); var browserheight = $(window).height(); //Check for minimum dimensions if ((browserheight < minheight) && (browserwidth < minwidth)){ $(this).height(minheight); $(this).width(minwidth); } else { //When browser is taller if (browserheight > browserwidth){ imageheight = browserheight; $(this).height(browserheight); imagewidth = browserheight/ratio; $(this).width(imagewidth); if (browserwidth > imagewidth){ imagewidth = browserwidth; $(this).width(browserwidth); imageheight = browserwidth * ratio; $(this).height(imageheight); } } //When browser is wider if (browserwidth >= browserheight){ imagewidth = browserwidth; $(this).width(browserwidth); imageheight = browserwidth * ratio; $(this).height(imageheight); if (browserheight > imageheight){ imageheight = browserheight; $(this).height(browserheight); imagewidth = browserheight/ratio; $(this).width(imagewidth); } } } return false; }); }); }); CSS for supersize image /* Supersize -------------------------------------------*/ .holder-supersize { width:100%; height:100%; position:absolute; left:0; top:0; z-index:0; } .background-supersize { width:100%; height:100%; overflow:hidden; position:relative; } .background-supersize li { width:100%; height:100%; overflow:hidden; position:absolute; left:0; top:0; text-align:center; } .background-supersize li img { /* for image with height < width */ /**/ width:100%; height:auto; /* for image with height > width */ /* width:auto; height:100%; */ } .background-supersize li , .background-supersize a, .background-supersize img{ display:none; } .background-supersize .active, .background-supersize .active a, .background-supersize .active img{ display:inline; } This is the link at jsfiddle and this is the link to see the actual product. Any ideas what I have done wrong and how can I fix it?

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• I can't use Spring filters in servlet-context XML

  - by gotch4

  For some reason both Eclipse and Spring can't find the filter tag (there is even a red mark)... What's wrong? <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd"> <bean class="org.springframework.dao.annotation.PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor"></bean> <bean id="myDataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost/jacciseweb" /> <property name="username" value="root" /> <property name="password" value="siussi" /> </bean> <bean id="mySessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="myDataSource" /> <property name="annotatedClasses"> <list> <value>it.jsoftware.jacciseweb.beans.Utente </value> <value>it.jsoftware.jacciseweb.beans.Ordine </value> </list> </property> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.dialect"> org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect </prop> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql"> true </prop> <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto"> update </prop> <prop key="hibernate.cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.NoCacheProvider</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <filter> <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name> <filter-class> org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter </filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>singleSession</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>sessionFactoryBeanName</param-name> <param-value>mySessionFactory</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <!-- <aop:config> --> <!-- <aop:pointcut id="productServiceMethods" --> <!-- expression="execution(* product.ProductService.*(..))" /> --> <!-- <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="productServiceMethods" /> --> <!-- </aop:config> --> <bean id="acciseHibernateDao" class="it.jsoftware.jacciseweb.model.JAcciseWebManagementDaoHibernate"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="mySessionFactory" /> </bean> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="mySessionFactory" /> </bean> <tx:annotation-driven /> <bean id="acciseService" class="it.jsoftware.jacciseweb.model.JAcciseWebManagementServiceImpl"> <property name="dao" ref="acciseHibernateDao" /> </bean> <context:component-scan base-package="it.jsoftware.jacciseweb.controllers"></context:component-scan> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" p:synchronizeOnSession="true" /> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping" /> <mvc:resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/resources/" /> <!-- non serve, è annotato --> <!-- <bean name="/accise" class="it.jsoftware.jacciseweb.controllers.MainController"> </bean> --> </beans> in particular it says "filter" is invalid content

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• spring mvc forward to jsp

  - by jerluc

  I currently have my web.xml configured to catch 404s and send them to my spring controller which will perform a search given the original URL request. The functionality is all there as far as the catch and search go, however the trouble begins to arise when I try to return a view. <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.ContentNegotiatingViewResolver" p:order="1"> <property name="mediaTypes"> <map> <entry key="json" value="application/json" /> <entry key="jsp" value="text/html" /> </map> </property> <property name="defaultContentType" value="application/json" /> <property name="favorPathExtension" value="true" /> <property name="viewResolvers"> <list> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.BeanNameViewResolver" /> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> <property name="suffix" value="" /> </bean> </list> </property> <property name="defaultViews"> <list> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.json.MappingJacksonJsonView" /> </list> </property> <property name="ignoreAcceptHeader" value="true" /> </bean> This is a snippet from my MVC config file. The problem lies in resolving the view's path to the /WEB-INF/jsp/ directory. Using a logger in my JBoss setup, I can see that when I test this search controller by going to a non-existent page, the following occurs: Server can't find the request Request is sent to 404 error page (in this case my search controller) Search controller performs search Search controller returns view name (for this illustration, we'll assume test.jsp is returned) Based off of server logger, I can see that org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView is initialized once my search controller returns the view name (so I can assume it is being picked up correctly by the InternalResourceViewResolver) Server attempts to return content to browser resulting in a 404! A couple things confuse me about this: I'm not 100% sure why this isn't resolving when test.jsp clearly exists under the /WEB-INF/jsp/ directory. Even if there was some other problem, why would this result in a 404? Shouldn't a 404 error page that results in another 404 theoretically create an infinite loop? Thanks for any help or pointers! Controller class [incomplete]: @Controller public class SiteMapController { //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @Autowired(required=true) private SearchService search; @Autowired(required=true) private CatalogService catalog; //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @RequestMapping(value = "/sitemap", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String sitemap (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { String forwardPath = ""; try { long startTime = System.nanoTime() / 1000000; String pathQuery = (String) request.getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.request_uri"); Scanner pathScanner = new Scanner(pathQuery).useDelimiter("\\/"); String context = pathScanner.next(); List<ProductLightDTO> results = new ArrayList<ProductLightDTO>(); StringBuilder query = new StringBuilder(); String currentValue; while (pathScanner.hasNext()) { currentValue = pathScanner.next().toLowerCase(); System.out.println(currentValue); if (query.length() > 0) query.append(" AND "); if (currentValue.contains("-")) { query.append("\""); query.append(currentValue.replace("-", " ")); query.append("\""); } else { query.append(currentValue + "*"); } } //results.addAll(this.doSearch(query.toString())); System.out.println("Request: " + pathQuery); System.out.println("Built Query:" + query.toString()); //System.out.println("Result size: " + results.size()); long totalTime = (System.nanoTime() / 1000000) - startTime; System.out.println("Total TTP: " + totalTime + "ms"); if (results == null || results.size() == 0) { forwardPath = "home.jsp"; } else if (results.size() == 1) { forwardPath = "product.jsp"; } else { forwardPath = "category.jsp"; } } catch (Exception ex) { System.err.println(ex); } System.out.println("Returning view: " + forwardPath); return forwardPath; } }

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• How do you overide a class that is called by another class with parent::method

  - by dan.codes

  I am trying to extend Mage_Catalog_Block_Product_View I have it setup in my local directory as its own module and everything works fine, I wasn't getting the results that I wanted. I then saw that another class extended that class as well. The method I am trying to override is the protected function _prepareLayout() This is the function class Mage_Review_Block_Product_View extends Mage_Catalog_Block_Product_View protected function _prepareLayout() { $this-&gt;getLayout()-&gt;createBlock('catalog/breadcrumbs'); $headBlock = $this-&gt;getLayout()-&gt;getBlock('head'); if ($headBlock) { $title = $this-&gt;getProduct()-&gt;getMetaTitle(); if ($title) { $headBlock-&gt;setTitle($title); } $keyword = $this-&gt;getProduct()-&gt;getMetaKeyword(); $currentCategory = Mage::registry('current_category'); if ($keyword) { $headBlock-&gt;setKeywords($keyword); } elseif($currentCategory) { $headBlock-&gt;setKeywords($this-&gt;getProduct()-&gt;getName()); } $description = $this-&gt;getProduct()-&gt;getMetaDescription(); if ($description) { $headBlock-&gt;setDescription( ($description) ); } else { $headBlock-&gt;setDescription( $this-&gt;getProduct()-&gt;getDescription() ); } } return parent::_prepareLayout(); } I am trying to modify it just a bit with the following, keep in mind I know there is a title prefix and suffix but I needed it only for the product page and also I needed to add text to the description. class MyCompany_Catalog_Block_Product_View extends Mage_Catalog_Block_Product_View protected function _prepareLayout() { $storeId = Mage::app()-&gt;getStore()-&gt;getId(); $this-&gt;getLayout()-&gt;createBlock('catalog/breadcrumbs'); $headBlock = $this-&gt;getLayout()-&gt;getBlock('head'); if ($headBlock) { $title = $this-&gt;getProduct()-&gt;getMetaTitle(); if ($title) { if($storeId == 2){ $title = "Pool Supplies Fast - " .$title; $headBlock-&gt;setTitle($title); } $headBlock-&gt;setTitle($title); }else{ $path = Mage::helper('catalog')-&gt;getBreadcrumbPath(); foreach ($path as $name =&gt; $breadcrumb) { $title[] = $breadcrumb['label']; } $newTitle = "Pool Supplies Fast - " . join($this-&gt;getTitleSeparator(), array_reverse($title)); $headBlock-&gt;setTitle($newTitle); } $keyword = $this-&gt;getProduct()-&gt;getMetaKeyword(); $currentCategory = Mage::registry('current_category'); if ($keyword) { $headBlock-&gt;setKeywords($keyword); } elseif($currentCategory) { $headBlock-&gt;setKeywords($this-&gt;getProduct()-&gt;getName()); } $description = $this-&gt;getProduct()-&gt;getMetaDescription(); if ($description) { if($storeId == 2){ $description = "Pool Supplies Fast - ". $this-&gt;getProduct()-&gt;getName() . " - " . $description; $headBlock-&gt;setDescription( ($description) ); }else{ $headBlock-&gt;setDescription( ($description) ); } } else { if($storeId == 2){ $description = "Pool Supplies Fast: ". $this-&gt;getProduct()-&gt;getName() . " - " . $this-&gt;getProduct()-&gt;getDescription(); $headBlock-&gt;setDescription( ($description) ); }else{ $headBlock-&gt;setDescription( $this-&gt;getProduct()-&gt;getDescription() ); } } } return Mage_Catalog_Block_Product_Abstract::_prepareLayout(); } This executs fine but then I notice that the following class Mage_Review_Block_Product_View_List extends which extends Mage_Review_Block_Product_View and that extends Mage_Catalog_Block_Product_View as well. Inside this class they call the _prepareLayout as well and call the parent with parent::_prepareLayout() class Mage_Review_Block_Product_View_List extends Mage_Review_Block_Product_View protected function _prepareLayout() { parent::_prepareLayout(); if ($toolbar = $this-&gt;getLayout()-&gt;getBlock('product_review_list.toolbar')) { $toolbar-&gt;setCollection($this-&gt;getReviewsCollection()); $this-&gt;setChild('toolbar', $toolbar); } return $this; } So obviously this just calls the same class I am extending and runs the function I am overiding but it doesn't get to my class because it is not in my class hierarchy and since it gets called after my class all the stuff in the parent class override what I have set. I'm not sure about the best way to extend this type of class and method, there has to be a good way to do this, I keep finding I am running into issues when trying to overide these prepare methods that are derived from the abstract classes, there seems to be so many classes overriding them and calling parent::method. What is the best way to override these functions?

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• How to properly override Drupal imagecache presets

  - by volocuga

  Say I need to override defaul presets, provided by Ubercart module. This is what I wrote: function config_imagecache() { $presets = array( array( 'presetname' => 'product', 'actions' => array( array( 'action' => 'imagecache_crop', 'data' => array('width' => 300, 'height' => ''), 'weight' => 0, 'module' => 'imagecache', ), array( 'action' => 'canvasactions_canvas2file', 'data' => array('xpos' => 'center', 'ypos' => 'center', 'path' => 'actions/pad_300_300.gif', 'dimensions' => 'background',), 'weight' => 1, 'module' => 'imagecache_canvasactions', ), ), ), array( 'presetname' => 'uc_thumbnail', 'actions' => array( array( 'action' => 'imagecache_scale', 'data' => array('width' => 55, 'height' => 55, 'upscale' => 0), 'weight' => 0, 'module' => 'imagecache', ), array( 'action' => 'canvasactions_canvas2file', 'data' => array('xpos' => 'center','ypos' => 'center', 'path' => 'actions/pad_60_60.gif','dimensions' => 'background'), 'weight' => 1, 'module' => 'imagecache_canvasactions', ), ), ), array( 'presetname' => 'product_full', 'actions' => array( array( 'action' => 'imagecache_scale', 'data' => array('width' => 600, 'height' => 600, 'upscale' => 0), 'weight' => 0, 'module' => 'imagecache', ), ), ), array( 'presetname' => 'product_list', 'actions' => array( array( 'action' => 'imagecache_scale', 'data' => array('width' => 100, 'height' => 100, 'upscale' => 0), 'weight' => 0, 'module' => 'imagecache', ), array( 'action' => 'canvasactions_canvas2file', 'data' => array('xpos' => 'center', 'ypos' => 'center', 'path' => 'actions/pad_100_100.jpg','dimensions' => 'background',), 'weight' => 1, 'module' => 'imagecache_canvasactions', ), ), ), array( 'presetname' => 'uc_category', 'actions' => array( array( 'action' => 'imagecache_scale', 'data' => array('width' => 100, 'height' => 100, 'upscale' => 0), 'weight' => 0, 'module' => 'imagecache', ), array( 'action' => 'canvasactions_canvas2file', 'data' => array('xpos' => 'center', 'ypos' => 'center', 'path' => 'actions/pad_100_100.gif', 'dimensions' => 'background',), 'weight' => 1, 'module' => 'imagecache_canvasactions', ), ), ), array( 'presetname' => 'cart', 'actions' => array( array( 'action' => 'imagecache_scale', 'data' => array('width' => 50, 'height' => 50, 'upscale' => 0), 'weight' => 0, 'module' => 'imagecache', ), array( 'action' => 'canvasactions_canvas2file', 'data' => array('xpos' => 'center', 'ypos' => 'center', 'path' => 'actions/pad_60_60.gif', 'dimensions' => 'background',), 'weight' => 1, 'module' => 'imagecache_canvasactions', ), ), ), ); foreach ($presets as $preset) { drupal_write_record('imagecache_preset', $preset); foreach ($preset['actions'] as $action) { $action['presetid'] = $preset['presetid']; drupal_write_record('imagecache_action', $action); } } imagecache_presets(true); cache_clear_all('imagecache:presets', 'cache'); } I can see in imagecache UI the settings was applied, but really images disappeared at all. Nothing works now. Where is the mistake?

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• Object oriented n-tier design. Am I abstracting too much? Or not enough?

  - by max

  Hi guys, I'm building my first enterprise grade solution (at least I'm attempting to make it enterprise grade). I'm trying to follow best practice design patterns but am starting to worry that I might be going too far with abstraction. I'm trying to build my asp.net webforms (in C#) app as an n-tier application. I've created a Data Access Layer using an XSD strongly-typed dataset that interfaces with a SQL server backend. I access the DAL through some Business Layer Objects that I've created on a 1:1 basis to the datatables in the dataset (eg, a UsersBLL class for the Users datatable in the dataset). I'm doing checks inside the BLL to make sure that data passed to DAL is following the business rules of the application. That's all well and good. Where I'm getting stuck though is the point at which I connect the BLL to the presentation layer. For example, my UsersBLL class deals mostly with whole datatables, as it's interfacing with the DAL. Should I now create a separate "User" (Singular) class that maps out the properties of a single user, rather than multiple users? This way I don't have to do any searching through datatables in the presentation layer, as I could use the properties created in the User class. Or would it be better to somehow try to handle this inside the UsersBLL? Sorry if this sounds a little complicated... Below is the code from the UsersBLL: using System; using System.Data; using PedChallenge.DAL.PedDataSetTableAdapters; [System.ComponentModel.DataObject] public class UsersBLL { private UsersTableAdapter _UsersAdapter = null; protected UsersTableAdapter Adapter { get { if (_UsersAdapter == null) _UsersAdapter = new UsersTableAdapter(); return _UsersAdapter; } } [System.ComponentModel.DataObjectMethodAttribute (System.ComponentModel.DataObjectMethodType.Select, true)] public PedChallenge.DAL.PedDataSet.UsersDataTable GetUsers() { return Adapter.GetUsers(); } [System.ComponentModel.DataObjectMethodAttribute (System.ComponentModel.DataObjectMethodType.Select, false)] public PedChallenge.DAL.PedDataSet.UsersDataTable GetUserByUserID(int userID) { return Adapter.GetUserByUserID(userID); } [System.ComponentModel.DataObjectMethodAttribute (System.ComponentModel.DataObjectMethodType.Select, false)] public PedChallenge.DAL.PedDataSet.UsersDataTable GetUsersByTeamID(int teamID) { return Adapter.GetUsersByTeamID(teamID); } [System.ComponentModel.DataObjectMethodAttribute (System.ComponentModel.DataObjectMethodType.Select, false)] public PedChallenge.DAL.PedDataSet.UsersDataTable GetUsersByEmail(string Email) { return Adapter.GetUserByEmail(Email); } [System.ComponentModel.DataObjectMethodAttribute (System.ComponentModel.DataObjectMethodType.Insert, true)] public bool AddUser(int? teamID, string FirstName, string LastName, string Email, string Role, int LocationID) { // Create a new UsersRow instance PedChallenge.DAL.PedDataSet.UsersDataTable Users = new PedChallenge.DAL.PedDataSet.UsersDataTable(); PedChallenge.DAL.PedDataSet.UsersRow user = Users.NewUsersRow(); if (UserExists(Users, Email) == true) return false; if (teamID == null) user.SetTeamIDNull(); else user.TeamID = teamID.Value; user.FirstName = FirstName; user.LastName = LastName; user.Email = Email; user.Role = Role; user.LocationID = LocationID; // Add the new user Users.AddUsersRow(user); int rowsAffected = Adapter.Update(Users); // Return true if precisely one row was inserted, // otherwise false return rowsAffected == 1; } [System.ComponentModel.DataObjectMethodAttribute (System.ComponentModel.DataObjectMethodType.Update, true)] public bool UpdateUser(int userID, int? teamID, string FirstName, string LastName, string Email, string Role, int LocationID) { PedChallenge.DAL.PedDataSet.UsersDataTable Users = Adapter.GetUserByUserID(userID); if (Users.Count == 0) // no matching record found, return false return false; PedChallenge.DAL.PedDataSet.UsersRow user = Users[0]; if (teamID == null) user.SetTeamIDNull(); else user.TeamID = teamID.Value; user.FirstName = FirstName; user.LastName = LastName; user.Email = Email; user.Role = Role; user.LocationID = LocationID; // Update the product record int rowsAffected = Adapter.Update(user); // Return true if precisely one row was updated, // otherwise false return rowsAffected == 1; } [System.ComponentModel.DataObjectMethodAttribute (System.ComponentModel.DataObjectMethodType.Delete, true)] public bool DeleteUser(int userID) { int rowsAffected = Adapter.Delete(userID); // Return true if precisely one row was deleted, // otherwise false return rowsAffected == 1; } private bool UserExists(PedChallenge.DAL.PedDataSet.UsersDataTable users, string email) { // Check if user email already exists foreach (PedChallenge.DAL.PedDataSet.UsersRow userRow in users) { if (userRow.Email == email) return true; } return false; } } Some guidance in the right direction would be greatly appreciated!! Thanks all! Max

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• Send mail to multiple recipient

  - by Ahmad Maslan

  Hi, i have already research on using the mail() to send to multiple recipient's but i just cant get it to work. What im trying to do is, for every order that i have, order 1,2,3, each having their own email addresses, when i change their order status from pending to confirm, the mail() will use that id to refer to the db table and send the email of those 3 orders. But for my case, it mailed just the latest order which is order 3. This is the form that i use to change the order status. <form action="results-action" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <fieldset> <table id ="table_id" class="display"> <thead> <tr><td><h2>Pending Order</h2></td></tr> <tr> <th scope="col">Order ID</th> <th scope="col"> </th> <th scope="col">Name</th> <th scope="col">Address</th> <th scope="col">Product Name</th> <th scope="col">Produt Quantity</th> <th scope="col">Price</th> <th scope="col">Order status</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <?php while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($result)) { ?> <tr> <td><input type="text" value='<?=$row['virtuemart_order_id']?>' name="orderid" id="virtuemart_order_id"></td> <td><input type="hidden" value='<?=$row['virtuemart_product_id']?>' name="productid" id="virtuemart_product_id"></td> <td><?=$row['first_name']?></td> <td><?=$row['address_1']?></td> <td><?=$row['order_item_name']?></td> <td><?=$row['product_quantity']?></td> <td><?=$row['product_final_price'] ?></td> <td><select name='change[<?=$row['virtuemart_order_id']?>]'> <option value='C'> Confirmed</option> <option value='X'> Cancelled</option></select></td> </tr> <?php } ?> </tbody> </table> </fieldset> <fieldset> <table> <tr> <td><input type="submit" value="Update status" name="update status"> </td> </tr> </table> </fieldset> </form> This is the php, using the order id from the form to select the email addresses. <?php $orderid = $_POST['orderid']; // build SQL statement to select email addresses $query3 = "SELECT email from ruj3d_virtuemart_order_userinfos where virtuemart_order_id = '$orderid'"; // execute SQL statement $result3 = mysqli_query($link, $query3) or die(mysqli_error($link)); $subject = "Order confirmed by Home and decor"; $message = "Hello! This is a message to inform that your order has been confirmed"; $from = "[email protected]"; $headers = "From: $from"; while($row3 = mysqli_fetch_array($result3)){ $addresses[] = $row3['email']; } $to = implode(",", $addresses); mail($to, $subject, $message, $headers); ?>

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• Microsoft and jQuery

  - by Rick Strahl

  The jQuery JavaScript library has been steadily getting more popular and with recent developments from Microsoft, jQuery is also getting ever more exposure on the ASP.NET platform including now directly from Microsoft. jQuery is a light weight, open source DOM manipulation library for JavaScript that has changed how many developers think about JavaScript. You can download it and find more information on jQuery on www.jquery.com. For me jQuery has had a huge impact on how I develop Web applications and was probably the main reason I went from dreading to do JavaScript development to actually looking forward to implementing client side JavaScript functionality. It has also had a profound impact on my JavaScript skill level for me by seeing how the library accomplishes things (and often reviewing the terse but excellent source code). jQuery made an uncomfortable development platform (JavaScript + DOM) a joy to work on. Although jQuery is by no means the only JavaScript library out there, its ease of use, small size, huge community of plug-ins and pure usefulness has made it easily the most popular JavaScript library available today. As a long time jQuery user, I’ve been excited to see the developments from Microsoft that are bringing jQuery to more ASP.NET developers and providing more integration with jQuery for ASP.NET’s core features rather than relying on the ASP.NET AJAX library. Microsoft and jQuery – making Friends jQuery is an open source project but in the last couple of years Microsoft has really thrown its weight behind supporting this open source library as a supported component on the Microsoft platform. When I say supported I literally mean supported: Microsoft now offers actual tech support for jQuery as part of their Product Support Services (PSS) as jQuery integration has become part of several of the ASP.NET toolkits and ships in several of the default Web project templates in Visual Studio 2010. The ASP.NET MVC 3 framework (still in Beta) also uses jQuery for a variety of client side support features including client side validation and we can look forward toward more integration of client side functionality via jQuery in both MVC and WebForms in the future. In other words jQuery is becoming an optional but included component of the ASP.NET platform. PSS support means that support staff will answer jQuery related support questions as part of any support incidents related to ASP.NET which provides some piece of mind to some corporate development shops that require end to end support from Microsoft. In addition to including jQuery and supporting it, Microsoft has also been getting involved in providing development resources for extending jQuery’s functionality via plug-ins. Microsoft’s last version of the Microsoft Ajax Library – which is the successor to the native ASP.NET AJAX Library – included some really cool functionality for client templates, databinding and localization. As it turns out Microsoft has rebuilt most of that functionality using jQuery as the base API and provided jQuery plug-ins of these components. Very recently these three plug-ins were submitted and have been approved for inclusion in the official jQuery plug-in repository and been taken over by the jQuery team for further improvements and maintenance. Even more surprising: The jQuery-templates component has actually been approved for inclusion in the next major update of the jQuery core in jQuery V1.5, which means it will become a native feature that doesn’t require additional script files to be loaded. Imagine this – an open source contribution from Microsoft that has been accepted into a major open source project for a core feature improvement. Microsoft has come a long way indeed! What the Microsoft Involvement with jQuery means to you For Microsoft jQuery support is a strategic decision that affects their direction in client side development, but nothing stopped you from using jQuery in your applications prior to Microsoft’s official backing and in fact a large chunk of developers did so readily prior to Microsoft’s announcement. Official support from Microsoft brings a few benefits to developers however. jQuery support in Visual Studio 2010 means built-in support for jQuery IntelliSense, automatically added jQuery scripts in many projects types and a common base for client side functionality that actually uses what most developers are already using. If you have already been using jQuery and were worried about straying from the Microsoft line and their internal Microsoft Ajax Library – worry no more. With official support and the change in direction towards jQuery Microsoft is now following along what most in the ASP.NET community had already been doing by using jQuery, which is likely the reason for Microsoft’s shift in direction in the first place. ASP.NET AJAX and the Microsoft AJAX Library weren’t bad technology – there was tons of useful functionality buried in these libraries. However, these libraries never got off the ground, mainly because early incarnations were squarely aimed at control/component developers rather than application developers. For all the functionality that these controls provided for control developers they lacked in useful and easily usable application developer functionality that was easily accessible in day to day client side development. The result was that even though Microsoft shipped support for these tools in the box (in .NET 3.5 and 4.0), other than for the internal support in ASP.NET for things like the UpdatePanel and the ASP.NET AJAX Control Toolkit as well as some third party vendors, the Microsoft client libraries were largely ignored by the developer community opening the door for other client side solutions. Microsoft seems to be acknowledging developer choice in this case: Many more developers were going down the jQuery path rather than using the Microsoft built libraries and there seems to be little sense in continuing development of a technology that largely goes unused by the majority of developers. Kudos for Microsoft for recognizing this and gracefully changing directions. Note that even though there will be no further development in the Microsoft client libraries they will continue to be supported so if you’re using them in your applications there’s no reason to start running for the exit in a panic and start re-writing everything with jQuery. Although that might be a reasonable choice in some cases, jQuery and the Microsoft libraries work well side by side so that you can leave existing solutions untouched even as you enhance them with jQuery. The Microsoft jQuery Plug-ins – Solid Core Features One of the most interesting developments in Microsoft’s embracing of jQuery is that Microsoft has started contributing to jQuery via standard mechanism set for jQuery developers: By submitting plug-ins. Microsoft took some of the nicest new features of the unpublished Microsoft Ajax Client Library and re-wrote these components for jQuery and then submitted them as plug-ins to the jQuery plug-in repository. Accepted plug-ins get taken over by the jQuery team and that’s exactly what happened with the three plug-ins submitted by Microsoft with the templating plug-in even getting slated to be published as part of the jQuery core in the next major release (1.5). The following plug-ins are provided by Microsoft: jQuery Templates – a client side template rendering engine jQuery Data Link – a client side databinder that can synchronize changes without code jQuery Globalization – provides formatting and conversion features for dates and numbers The first two are ports of functionality that was slated for the Microsoft Ajax Library while functionality for the globalization library provides functionality that was already found in the original ASP.NET AJAX library. To me all three plug-ins address a pressing need in client side applications and provide functionality I’ve previously used in other incarnations, but with more complete implementations. Let’s take a close look at these plug-ins. jQuery Templates http://api.jquery.com/category/plugins/templates/ Client side templating is a key component for building rich JavaScript applications in the browser. Templating on the client lets you avoid from manually creating markup by creating DOM nodes and injecting them individually into the document via code. Rather you can create markup templates – similar to the way you create classic ASP server markup – and merge data into these templates to render HTML which you can then inject into the document or replace existing content with. Output from templates are rendered as a jQuery matched set and can then be easily inserted into the document as needed. Templating is key to minimize client side code and reduce repeated code for rendering logic. Instead a single template can be used in many places for updating and adding content to existing pages. Further if you build pure AJAX interfaces that rely entirely on client rendering of the initial page content, templates allow you to a use a single markup template to handle all rendering of each specific HTML section/element. I’ve used a number of different client rendering template engines with jQuery in the past including jTemplates (a PHP style templating engine) and a modified version of John Resig’s MicroTemplating engine which I built into my own set of libraries because it’s such a commonly used feature in my client side applications. jQuery templates adds a much richer templating model that allows for sub-templates and access to the data items. Like John Resig’s original Micro Template engine, the core basics of the templating engine create JavaScript code which means that templates can include JavaScript code. To give you a basic idea of how templates work imagine I have an application that downloads a set of stock quotes based on a symbol list then displays them in the document. To do this you can create an ‘item’ template that describes how each of the quotes is renderd as a template inside of the document: <script id="stockTemplate" type="text/x-jquery-tmpl"> <div id="divStockQuote" class="errordisplay" style="width: 500px;"> <div class="label">Company:</div><div><b>${Company}(${Symbol})</b></div> <div class="label">Last Price:</div><div>${LastPrice}</div> <div class="label">Net Change:</div><div> {{if NetChange > 0}} <b style="color:green" >${NetChange}</b> {{else}} <b style="color:red" >${NetChange}</b> {{/if}} </div> <div class="label">Last Update:</div><div>${LastQuoteTimeString}</div> </div> </script> The ‘template’ is little more than HTML with some markup expressions inside of it that define the template language. Notice the embedded ${} expressions which reference data from the quote objects returned from an AJAX call on the server. You can embed any JavaScript or value expression in these template expressions. There are also a number of structural commands like {{if}} and {{each}} that provide for rudimentary logic inside of your templates as well as commands ({{tmpl}} and {{wrap}}) for nesting templates. You can find more about the full set of markup expressions available in the documentation. To load up this data you can use code like the following: <script type="text/javascript"> //var Proxy = new ServiceProxy("../PageMethods/PageMethodsService.asmx/"); $(document).ready(function () { $("#btnGetQuotes").click(GetQuotes); }); function GetQuotes() { var symbols = $("#txtSymbols").val().split(","); $.ajax({ url: "../PageMethods/PageMethodsService.asmx/GetStockQuotes", data: JSON.stringify({ symbols: symbols }), // parameter map type: "POST", // data has to be POSTed contentType: "application/json", timeout: 10000, dataType: "json", success: function (result) { var quotes = result.d; var jEl = $("#stockTemplate").tmpl(quotes); $("#quoteDisplay").empty().append(jEl); }, error: function (xhr, status) { alert(status + "\r\n" + xhr.responseText); } }); }; </script> In this case an ASMX AJAX service is called to retrieve the stock quotes. The service returns an array of quote objects. The result is returned as an object with the .d property (in Microsoft service style) that returns the actual array of quotes. The template is applied with: var jEl = $("#stockTemplate").tmpl(quotes); which selects the template script tag and uses the .tmpl() function to apply the data to it. The result is a jQuery matched set of elements that can then be appended to the quote display element in the page. The template is merged against an array in this example. When the result is an array the template is automatically applied to each each array item. If you pass a single data item – like say a stock quote – the template works exactly the same way but is applied only once. Templates also have access to a $data item which provides the current data item and information about the tempalte that is currently executing. This makes it possible to keep context within the context of the template itself and also to pass context from a parent template to a child template which is very powerful. Templates can be evaluated by using the template selector and calling the .tmpl() function on the jQuery matched set as shown above or you can use the static $.tmpl() function to provide a template as a string. This allows you to dynamically create templates in code or – more likely – to load templates from the server via AJAX calls. In short there are options The above shows off some of the basics, but there’s much for functionality available in the template engine. Check the documentation link for more information and links to additional examples. The plug-in download also comes with a number of examples that demonstrate functionality. jQuery templates will become a native component in jQuery Core 1.5, so it’s definitely worthwhile checking out the engine today and get familiar with this interface. As much as I’m stoked about templating becoming part of the jQuery core because it’s such an integral part of many applications, there are also a couple shortcomings in the current incarnation: Lack of Error Handling Currently if you embed an expression that is invalid it’s simply not rendered. There’s no error rendered into the template nor do the various  template functions throw errors which leaves finding of bugs as a runtime exercise. I would like some mechanism – optional if possible – to be able to get error info of what is failing in a template when it’s rendered. No String Output Templates are always rendered into a jQuery matched set and there’s no way that I can see to directly render to a string. String output can be useful for debugging as well as opening up templating for creating non-HTML string output. Limited JavaScript Access Unlike John Resig’s original MicroTemplating Engine which was entirely based on JavaScript code generation these templates are limited to a few structured commands that can ‘execute’. There’s no code execution inside of script code which means you’re limited to calling expressions available in global objects or the data item passed in. This may or may not be a big deal depending on the complexity of your template logic. Error handling has been discussed quite a bit and it’s likely there will be some solution to that particualar issue by the time jQuery templates ship. The others are relatively minor issues but something to think about anyway. jQuery Data Link http://api.jquery.com/category/plugins/data-link/ jQuery Data Link provides the ability to do two-way data binding between input controls and an underlying object’s properties. The typical scenario is linking a textbox to a property of an object and have the object updated when the text in the textbox is changed and have the textbox change when the value in the object or the entire object changes. The plug-in also supports converter functions that can be applied to provide the conversion logic from string to some other value typically necessary for mapping things like textbox string input to say a number property and potentially applying additional formatting and calculations. In theory this sounds great, however in reality this plug-in has some serious usability issues. Using the plug-in you can do things like the following to bind data: person = { firstName: "rick", lastName: "strahl"}; $(document).ready( function() { // provide for two-way linking of inputs $("form").link(person); // bind to non-input elements explicitly $("#objFirst").link(person, { firstName: { name: "objFirst", convertBack: function (value, source, target) { $(target).text(value); } } }); $("#objLast").link(person, { lastName: { name: "objLast", convertBack: function (value, source, target) { $(target).text(value); } } }); }); This code hooks up two-way linking between a couple of textboxes on the page and the person object. The first line in the .ready() handler provides mapping of object to form field with the same field names as properties on the object. Note that .link() does NOT bind items into the textboxes when you call .link() – changes are mapped only when values change and you move out of the field. Strike one. The two following commands allow manual binding of values to specific DOM elements which is effectively a one-way bind. You specify the object and a then an explicit mapping where name is an ID in the document. The converter is required to explicitly assign the value to the element. Strike two. You can also detect changes to the underlying object and cause updates to the input elements bound. Unfortunately the syntax to do this is not very natural as you have to rely on the jQuery data object. To update an object’s properties and get change notification looks like this: function updateFirstName() { $(person).data("firstName", person.firstName + " (code updated)"); } This works fine in causing any linked fields to be updated. In the bindings above both the firstName input field and objFirst DOM element gets updated. But the syntax requires you to use a jQuery .data() call for each property change to ensure that the changes are tracked properly. Really? Sure you’re binding through multiple layers of abstraction now but how is that better than just manually assigning values? The code savings (if any) are going to be minimal. As much as I would like to have a WPF/Silverlight/Observable-like binding mechanism in client script, this plug-in doesn’t help much towards that goal in its current incarnation. While you can bind values, the ‘binder’ is too limited to be really useful. If initial values can’t be assigned from the mappings you’re going to end up duplicating work loading the data using some other mechanism. There’s no easy way to re-bind data with a different object altogether since updates trigger only through the .data members. Finally, any non-input elements have to be bound via code that’s fairly verbose and frankly may be more voluminous than what you might write by hand for manual binding and unbinding. Two way binding can be very useful but it has to be easy and most importantly natural. If it’s more work to hook up a binding than writing a couple of lines to do binding/unbinding this sort of thing helps very little in most scenarios. In talking to some of the developers the feature set for Data Link is not complete and they are still soliciting input for features and functionality. If you have ideas on how you want this feature to be more useful get involved and post your recommendations. As it stands, it looks to me like this component needs a lot of love to become useful. For this component to really provide value, bindings need to be able to be refreshed easily and work at the object level, not just the property level. It seems to me we would be much better served by a model binder object that can perform these binding/unbinding tasks in bulk rather than a tool where each link has to be mapped first. I also find the choice of creating a jQuery plug-in questionable – it seems a standalone object – albeit one that relies on the jQuery library – would provide a more intuitive interface than the current forcing of options onto a plug-in style interface. Out of the three Microsoft created components this is by far the least useful and least polished implementation at this point. jQuery Globalization http://github.com/jquery/jquery-global Globalization in JavaScript applications often gets short shrift and part of the reason for this is that natively in JavaScript there’s little support for formatting and parsing of numbers and dates. There are a number of JavaScript libraries out there that provide some support for globalization, but most are limited to a particular portion of globalization. As .NET developers we’re fairly spoiled by the richness of APIs provided in the framework and when dealing with client development one really notices the lack of these features. While you may not necessarily need to localize your application the globalization plug-in also helps with some basic tasks for non-localized applications: Dealing with formatting and parsing of dates and time values. Dates in particular are problematic in JavaScript as there are no formatters whatsoever except the .toString() method which outputs a verbose and next to useless long string. With the globalization plug-in you get a good chunk of the formatting and parsing functionality that the .NET framework provides on the server. You can write code like the following for example to format numbers and dates: var date = new Date(); var output = $.format(date, "MMM. dd, yy") + "\r\n" + $.format(date, "d") + "\r\n" + // 10/25/2010 $.format(1222.32213, "N2") + "\r\n" + $.format(1222.33, "c") + "\r\n"; alert(output); This becomes even more useful if you combine it with templates which can also include any JavaScript expressions. Assuming the globalization plug-in is loaded you can create template expressions that use the $.format function. Here’s the template I used earlier for the stock quote again with a couple of formats applied: <script id="stockTemplate" type="text/x-jquery-tmpl"> <div id="divStockQuote" class="errordisplay" style="width: 500px;"> <div class="label">Company:</div><div><b>${Company}(${Symbol})</b></div> <div class="label">Last Price:</div> <div>${$.format(LastPrice,"N2")}</div> <div class="label">Net Change:</div><div> {{if NetChange > 0}} <b style="color:green" >${NetChange}</b> {{else}} <b style="color:red" >${NetChange}</b> {{/if}} </div> <div class="label">Last Update:</div> <div>${$.format(LastQuoteTime,"MMM dd, yyyy")}</div> </div> </script> There are also parsing methods that can parse dates and numbers from strings into numbers easily: alert($.parseDate("25.10.2010")); alert($.parseInt("12.222")); // de-DE uses . for thousands separators As you can see culture specific options are taken into account when parsing. The globalization plugin provides rich support for a variety of locales: Get a list of all available cultures Query cultures for culture items (like currency symbol, separators etc.) Localized string names for all calendar related items (days of week, months) Generated off of .NET’s supported locales In short you get much of the same functionality that you already might be using in .NET on the server side. The plugin includes a huge number of locales and an Globalization.all.min.js file that contains the text defaults for each of these locales as well as small locale specific script files that define each of the locale specific settings. It’s highly recommended that you NOT use the huge globalization file that includes all locales, but rather add script references to only those languages you explicitly care about. Overall this plug-in is a welcome helper. Even if you use it with a single locale (like en-US) and do no other localization, you’ll gain solid support for number and date formatting which is a vital feature of many applications. Changes for Microsoft It’s good to see Microsoft coming out of its shell and away from the ‘not-built-here’ mentality that has been so pervasive in the past. It’s especially good to see it applied to jQuery – a technology that has stood in drastic contrast to Microsoft’s own internal efforts in terms of design, usage model and… popularity. It’s great to see that Microsoft is paying attention to what customers prefer to use and supporting the customer sentiment – even if it meant drastically changing course of policy and moving into a more open and sharing environment in the process. The additional jQuery support that has been introduced in the last two years certainly has made lives easier for many developers on the ASP.NET platform. It’s also nice to see Microsoft submitting proposals through the standard jQuery process of plug-ins and getting accepted for various very useful projects. Certainly the jQuery Templates plug-in is going to be very useful to many especially since it will be baked into the jQuery core in jQuery 1.5. I hope we see more of this type of involvement from Microsoft in the future. Kudos!© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2010Posted in jQuery  ASP.NET  

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• Using FiddlerCore to capture HTTP Requests with .NET

  - by Rick Strahl

  Over the last few weeks I’ve been working on my Web load testing utility West Wind WebSurge. One of the key components of a load testing tool is the ability to capture URLs effectively so that you can play them back later under load. One of the options in WebSurge for capturing URLs is to use its built-in capture tool which acts as an HTTP proxy to capture any HTTP and HTTPS traffic from most Windows HTTP clients, including Web Browsers as well as standalone Windows applications and services. To make this happen, I used Eric Lawrence’s awesome FiddlerCore library, which provides most of the functionality of his desktop Fiddler application, all rolled into an easy to use library that you can plug into your own applications. FiddlerCore makes it almost too easy to capture HTTP content! For WebSurge I needed to capture all HTTP traffic in order to capture the full HTTP request – URL, headers and any content posted by the client. The result of what I ended up creating is this semi-generic capture form: In this post I’m going to demonstrate how easy it is to use FiddlerCore to build this HTTP Capture Form.  If you want to jump right in here are the links to get Telerik’s Fiddler Core and the code for the demo provided here. FiddlerCore Download FiddlerCore on NuGet Show me the Code (WebSurge Integration code from GitHub) Download the WinForms Sample Form West Wind Web Surge (example implementation in live app) Note that FiddlerCore is bound by a license for commercial usage – see license.txt in the FiddlerCore distribution for details. Integrating FiddlerCore FiddlerCore is a library that simply plugs into your application. You can download it from the Telerik site and manually add the assemblies to your project, or you can simply install the NuGet package via:       PM> Install-Package FiddlerCore The library consists of the FiddlerCore.dll as well as a couple of support libraries (CertMaker.dll and BCMakeCert.dll) that are used for installing SSL certificates. I’ll have more on SSL captures and certificate installation later in this post. But first let’s see how easy it is to use FiddlerCore to capture HTTP content by looking at how to build the above capture form. Capturing HTTP Content Once the library is installed it’s super easy to hook up Fiddler functionality. Fiddler includes a number of static class methods on the FiddlerApplication object that can be called to hook up callback events as well as actual start monitoring HTTP URLs. In the following code directly lifted from WebSurge, I configure a few filter options on Form level object, from the user inputs shown on the form by assigning it to a capture options object. In the live application these settings are persisted configuration values, but in the demo they are one time values initialized and set on the form. Once these options are set, I hook up the AfterSessionComplete event to capture every URL that passes through the proxy after the request is completed and start up the Proxy service:void Start() { if (tbIgnoreResources.Checked) CaptureConfiguration.IgnoreResources = true; else CaptureConfiguration.IgnoreResources = false; string strProcId = txtProcessId.Text; if (strProcId.Contains('-')) strProcId = strProcId.Substring(strProcId.IndexOf('-') + 1).Trim(); strProcId = strProcId.Trim(); int procId = 0; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(strProcId)) { if (!int.TryParse(strProcId, out procId)) procId = 0; } CaptureConfiguration.ProcessId = procId; CaptureConfiguration.CaptureDomain = txtCaptureDomain.Text; FiddlerApplication.AfterSessionComplete += FiddlerApplication_AfterSessionComplete; FiddlerApplication.Startup(8888, true, true, true); } The key lines for FiddlerCore are just the last two lines of code that include the event hookup code as well as the Startup() method call. Here I only hook up to the AfterSessionComplete event but there are a number of other events that hook various stages of the HTTP request cycle you can also hook into. Other events include BeforeRequest, BeforeResponse, RequestHeadersAvailable, ResponseHeadersAvailable and so on. In my case I want to capture the request data and I actually have several options to capture this data. AfterSessionComplete is the last event that fires in the request sequence and it’s the most common choice to capture all request and response data. I could have used several other events, but AfterSessionComplete is one place where you can look both at the request and response data, so this will be the most common place to hook into if you’re capturing content. The implementation of AfterSessionComplete is responsible for capturing all HTTP request headers and it looks something like this:private void FiddlerApplication_AfterSessionComplete(Session sess) { // Ignore HTTPS connect requests if (sess.RequestMethod == "CONNECT") return; if (CaptureConfiguration.ProcessId > 0) { if (sess.LocalProcessID != 0 && sess.LocalProcessID != CaptureConfiguration.ProcessId) return; } if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(CaptureConfiguration.CaptureDomain)) { if (sess.hostname.ToLower() != CaptureConfiguration.CaptureDomain.Trim().ToLower()) return; } if (CaptureConfiguration.IgnoreResources) { string url = sess.fullUrl.ToLower(); var extensions = CaptureConfiguration.ExtensionFilterExclusions; foreach (var ext in extensions) { if (url.Contains(ext)) return; } var filters = CaptureConfiguration.UrlFilterExclusions; foreach (var urlFilter in filters) { if (url.Contains(urlFilter)) return; } } if (sess == null || sess.oRequest == null || sess.oRequest.headers == null) return; string headers = sess.oRequest.headers.ToString(); var reqBody = sess.GetRequestBodyAsString(); // if you wanted to capture the response //string respHeaders = session.oResponse.headers.ToString(); //var respBody = session.GetResponseBodyAsString(); // replace the HTTP line to inject full URL string firstLine = sess.RequestMethod + " " + sess.fullUrl + " " + sess.oRequest.headers.HTTPVersion; int at = headers.IndexOf("\r\n"); if (at < 0) return; headers = firstLine + "\r\n" + headers.Substring(at + 1); string output = headers + "\r\n" + (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(reqBody) ? reqBody + "\r\n" : string.Empty) + Separator + "\r\n\r\n"; BeginInvoke(new Action<string>((text) => { txtCapture.AppendText(text); UpdateButtonStatus(); }), output); } The code starts by filtering out some requests based on the CaptureOptions I set before the capture is started. These options/filters are applied when requests actually come in. This is very useful to help narrow down the requests that are captured for playback based on options the user picked. I find it useful to limit requests to a certain domain for captures, as well as filtering out some request types like static resources – images, css, scripts etc. This is of course optional, but I think it’s a common scenario and WebSurge makes good use of this feature. AfterSessionComplete like other FiddlerCore events, provides a Session object parameter which contains all the request and response details. There are oRequest and oResponse objects to hold their respective data. In my case I’m interested in the raw request headers and body only, as you can see in the commented code you can also retrieve the response headers and body. Here the code captures the request headers and body and simply appends the output to the textbox on the screen. Note that the Fiddler events are asynchronous, so in order to display the content in the UI they have to be marshaled back the UI thread with BeginInvoke, which here simply takes the generated headers and appends it to the existing textbox test on the form. As each request is processed, the headers are captured and appended to the bottom of the textbox resulting in a Session HTTP capture in the format that Web Surge internally supports, which is basically raw request headers with a customized 1st HTTP Header line that includes the full URL rather than a server relative URL. When the capture is done the user can either copy the raw HTTP session to the clipboard, or directly save it to file. This raw capture format is the same format WebSurge and also Fiddler use to import/export request data. While this code is application specific, it demonstrates the kind of logic that you can easily apply to the request capture process, which is one of the reasonsof why FiddlerCore is so powerful. You get to choose what content you want to look up as part of your own application logic and you can then decide how to capture or use that data as part of your application. The actual captured data in this case is only a string. The user can edit the data by hand or in the the case of WebSurge, save it to disk and automatically open the captured session as a new load test. Stopping the FiddlerCore Proxy Finally to stop capturing requests you simply disconnect the event handler and call the FiddlerApplication.ShutDown() method:void Stop() { FiddlerApplication.AfterSessionComplete -= FiddlerApplication_AfterSessionComplete; if (FiddlerApplication.IsStarted()) FiddlerApplication.Shutdown(); } As you can see, adding HTTP capture functionality to an application is very straight forward. FiddlerCore offers tons of features I’m not even touching on here – I suspect basic captures are the most common scenario, but a lot of different things can be done with FiddlerCore’s simple API interface. Sky’s the limit! The source code for this sample capture form (WinForms) is provided as part of this article. Adding Fiddler Certificates with FiddlerCore One of the sticking points in West Wind WebSurge has been that if you wanted to capture HTTPS/SSL traffic, you needed to have the full version of Fiddler and have HTTPS decryption enabled. Essentially you had to use Fiddler to configure HTTPS decryption and the associated installation of the Fiddler local client certificate that is used for local decryption of incoming SSL traffic. While this works just fine, requiring to have Fiddler installed and then using a separate application to configure the SSL functionality isn’t ideal. Fortunately FiddlerCore actually includes the tools to register the Fiddler Certificate directly using FiddlerCore. Why does Fiddler need a Certificate in the first Place? Fiddler and FiddlerCore are essentially HTTP proxies which means they inject themselves into the HTTP conversation by re-routing HTTP traffic to a special HTTP port (8888 by default for Fiddler) and then forward the HTTP data to the original client. Fiddler injects itself as the system proxy in using the WinInet Windows settings  which are the same settings that Internet Explorer uses and that are configured in the Windows and Internet Explorer Internet Settings dialog. Most HTTP clients running on Windows pick up and apply these system level Proxy settings before establishing new HTTP connections and that’s why most clients automatically work once Fiddler – or FiddlerCore/WebSurge are running. For plain HTTP requests this just works – Fiddler intercepts the HTTP requests on the proxy port and then forwards them to the original port (80 for HTTP and 443 for SSL typically but it could be any port). For SSL however, this is not quite as simple – Fiddler can easily act as an HTTPS/SSL client to capture inbound requests from the server, but when it forwards the request to the client it has to also act as an SSL server and provide a certificate that the client trusts. This won’t be the original certificate from the remote site, but rather a custom local certificate that effectively simulates an SSL connection between the proxy and the client. If there is no custom certificate configured for Fiddler the SSL request fails with a certificate validation error. The key for this to work is that a custom certificate has to be installed that the HTTPS client trusts on the local machine. For a much more detailed description of the process you can check out Eric Lawrence’s blog post on Certificates. If you’re using the desktop version of Fiddler you can install a local certificate into the Windows certificate store. Fiddler proper does this from the Options menu: This operation does several things: It installs the Fiddler Root Certificate It sets trust to this Root Certificate A new client certificate is generated for each HTTPS site monitored Certificate Installation with FiddlerCore You can also provide this same functionality using FiddlerCore which includes a CertMaker class. Using CertMaker is straight forward to use and it provides an easy way to create some simple helpers that can install and uninstall a Fiddler Root certificate:public static bool InstallCertificate() { if (!CertMaker.rootCertExists()) { if (!CertMaker.createRootCert()) return false; if (!CertMaker.trustRootCert()) return false; } return true; } public static bool UninstallCertificate() { if (CertMaker.rootCertExists()) { if (!CertMaker.removeFiddlerGeneratedCerts(true)) return false; } return true; } InstallCertificate() works by first checking whether the root certificate is already installed and if it isn’t goes ahead and creates a new one. The process of creating the certificate is a two step process – first the actual certificate is created and then it’s moved into the certificate store to become trusted. I’m not sure why you’d ever split these operations up since a cert created without trust isn’t going to be of much value, but there are two distinct steps. When you trigger the trustRootCert() method, a message box will pop up on the desktop that lets you know that you’re about to trust a local private certificate. This is a security feature to ensure that you really want to trust the Fiddler root since you are essentially installing a man in the middle certificate. It’s quite safe to use this generated root certificate, because it’s been specifically generated for your machine and thus is not usable from external sources, the only way to use this certificate in a trusted way is from the local machine. IOW, unless somebody has physical access to your machine, there’s no useful way to hijack this certificate and use it for nefarious purposes (see Eric’s post for more details). Once the Root certificate has been installed, FiddlerCore/Fiddler create new certificates for each site that is connected to with HTTPS. You can end up with quite a few temporary certificates in your certificate store. To uninstall you can either use Fiddler and simply uncheck the Decrypt HTTPS traffic option followed by the remove Fiddler certificates button, or you can use FiddlerCore’s CertMaker.removeFiddlerGeneratedCerts() which removes the root cert and any of the intermediary certificates Fiddler created. Keep in mind that when you uninstall you uninstall the certificate for both FiddlerCore and Fiddler, so use UninstallCertificate() with care and realize that you might affect the Fiddler application’s operation by doing so as well. When to check for an installed Certificate Note that the check to see if the root certificate exists is pretty fast, while the actual process of installing the certificate is a relatively slow operation that even on a fast machine takes a few seconds. Further the trust operation pops up a message box so you probably don’t want to install the certificate repeatedly. Since the check for the root certificate is fast, you can easily put a call to InstallCertificate() in any capture startup code – in which case the certificate installation only triggers when a certificate is in fact not installed. Personally I like to make certificate installation explicit – just like Fiddler does, so in WebSurge I use a small drop down option on the menu to install or uninstall the SSL certificate:   This code calls the InstallCertificate and UnInstallCertificate functions respectively – the experience with this is similar to what you get in Fiddler with the extra dialog box popping up to prompt confirmation for installation of the root certificate. Once the cert is installed you can then capture SSL requests. There’s a gotcha however… Gotcha: FiddlerCore Certificates don’t stick by Default When I originally tried to use the Fiddler certificate installation I ran into an odd problem. I was able to install the certificate and immediately after installation was able to capture HTTPS requests. Then I would exit the application and come back in and try the same HTTPS capture again and it would fail due to a missing certificate. CertMaker.rootCertExists() would return false after every restart and if re-installed the certificate a new certificate would get added to the certificate store resulting in a bunch of duplicated root certificates with different keys. What the heck? CertMaker and BcMakeCert create non-sticky CertificatesI turns out that FiddlerCore by default uses different components from what the full version of Fiddler uses. Fiddler uses a Windows utility called MakeCert.exe to create the Fiddler Root certificate. FiddlerCore however installs the CertMaker.dll and BCMakeCert.dll assemblies, which use a different crypto library (Bouncy Castle) for certificate creation than MakeCert.exe which uses the Windows Crypto API. The assemblies provide support for non-windows operation for Fiddler under Mono, as well as support for some non-Windows certificate platforms like iOS and Android for decryption. The bottom line is that the FiddlerCore provided bouncy castle assemblies are not sticky by default as the certificates created with them are not cached as they are in Fiddler proper. To get certificates to ‘stick’ you have to explicitly cache the certificates in Fiddler’s internal preferences. A cache aware version of InstallCertificate looks something like this:public static bool InstallCertificate() { if (!CertMaker.rootCertExists()) { if (!CertMaker.createRootCert()) return false; if (!CertMaker.trustRootCert()) return false; App.Configuration.UrlCapture.Cert = FiddlerApplication.Prefs.GetStringPref("fiddler.certmaker.bc.cert", null); App.Configuration.UrlCapture.Key = FiddlerApplication.Prefs.GetStringPref("fiddler.certmaker.bc.key", null); } return true; } public static bool UninstallCertificate() { if (CertMaker.rootCertExists()) { if (!CertMaker.removeFiddlerGeneratedCerts(true)) return false; } App.Configuration.UrlCapture.Cert = null; App.Configuration.UrlCapture.Key = null; return true; } In this code I store the Fiddler cert and private key in an application configuration settings that’s stored with the application settings (App.Configuration.UrlCapture object). These settings automatically persist when WebSurge is shut down. The values are read out of Fiddler’s internal preferences store which is set after a new certificate has been created. Likewise I clear out the configuration settings when the certificate is uninstalled. In order for these setting to be used you have to also load the configuration settings into the Fiddler preferences *before* a call to rootCertExists() is made. I do this in the capture form’s constructor:public FiddlerCapture(StressTestForm form) { InitializeComponent(); CaptureConfiguration = App.Configuration.UrlCapture; MainForm = form; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(App.Configuration.UrlCapture.Cert)) { FiddlerApplication.Prefs.SetStringPref("fiddler.certmaker.bc.key", App.Configuration.UrlCapture.Key); FiddlerApplication.Prefs.SetStringPref("fiddler.certmaker.bc.cert", App.Configuration.UrlCapture.Cert); }} This is kind of a drag to do and not documented anywhere that I could find, so hopefully this will save you some grief if you want to work with the stock certificate logic that installs with FiddlerCore. MakeCert provides sticky Certificates and the same functionality as Fiddler But there’s actually an easier way. If you want to skip the above Fiddler preference configuration code in your application you can choose to distribute MakeCert.exe instead of certmaker.dll and bcmakecert.dll. When you use MakeCert.exe, the certificates settings are stored in Windows so they are available without any custom configuration inside of your application. It’s easier to integrate and as long as you run on Windows and you don’t need to support iOS or Android devices is simply easier to deal with. To integrate into your project, you can remove the reference to CertMaker.dll (and the BcMakeCert.dll assembly) from your project. Instead copy MakeCert.exe into your output folder. To make sure MakeCert.exe gets pushed out, include MakeCert.exe in your project and set the Build Action to None, and Copy to Output Directory to Copy if newer. Note that the CertMaker.dll reference in the project has been removed and on disk the files for Certmaker.dll, as well as the BCMakeCert.dll files on disk. Keep in mind that these DLLs are resources of the FiddlerCore NuGet package, so updating the package may end up pushing those files back into your project. Once MakeCert.exe is distributed FiddlerCore checks for it first before using the assemblies so as long as MakeCert.exe exists it’ll be used for certificate creation (at least on Windows). Summary FiddlerCore is a pretty sweet tool, and it’s absolutely awesome that we get to plug in most of the functionality of Fiddler right into our own applications. A few years back I tried to build this sort of functionality myself for an app and ended up giving up because it’s a big job to get HTTP right – especially if you need to support SSL. FiddlerCore now provides that functionality as a turnkey solution that can be plugged into your own apps easily. The only downside is FiddlerCore’s documentation for more advanced features like certificate installation which is pretty sketchy. While for the most part FiddlerCore’s feature set is easy to work with without any documentation, advanced features are often not intuitive to gleam by just using Intellisense or the FiddlerCore help file reference (which is not terribly useful). While Eric Lawrence is very responsive on his forum and on Twitter, there simply isn’t much useful documentation on Fiddler/FiddlerCore available online. If you run into trouble the forum is probably the first place to look and then ask a question if you can’t find the answer. The best documentation you can find is Eric’s Fiddler Book which covers a ton of functionality of Fiddler and FiddlerCore. The book is a great reference to Fiddler’s feature set as well as providing great insights into the HTTP protocol. The second half of the book that gets into the innards of HTTP is an excellent read for anybody who wants to know more about some of the more arcane aspects and special behaviors of HTTP – it’s well worth the read. While the book has tons of information in a very readable format, it’s unfortunately not a great reference as it’s hard to find things in the book and because it’s not available online you can’t electronically search for the great content in it. But it’s hard to complain about any of this given the obvious effort and love that’s gone into this awesome product for all of these years. A mighty big thanks to Eric Lawrence  for having created this useful tool that so many of us use all the time, and also to Telerik for picking up Fiddler/FiddlerCore and providing Eric the resources to support and improve this wonderful tool full time and keeping it free for all. Kudos! Resources FiddlerCore Download FiddlerCore NuGet Fiddler Capture Sample Form Fiddler Capture Form in West Wind WebSurge (GitHub) Eric Lawrence’s Fiddler Book© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2014Posted in .NET  HTTP   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

  Read the article

• Using JSON.NET for dynamic JSON parsing

  - by Rick Strahl

  With the release of ASP.NET Web API as part of .NET 4.5 and MVC 4.0, JSON.NET has effectively pushed out the .NET native serializers to become the default serializer for Web API. JSON.NET is vastly more flexible than the built in DataContractJsonSerializer or the older JavaScript serializer. The DataContractSerializer in particular has been very problematic in the past because it can't deal with untyped objects for serialization - like values of type object, or anonymous types which are quite common these days. The JavaScript Serializer that came before it actually does support non-typed objects for serialization but it can't do anything with untyped data coming in from JavaScript and it's overall model of extensibility was pretty limited (JavaScript Serializer is what MVC uses for JSON responses). JSON.NET provides a robust JSON serializer that has both high level and low level components, supports binary JSON, JSON contracts, Xml to JSON conversion, LINQ to JSON and many, many more features than either of the built in serializers. ASP.NET Web API now uses JSON.NET as its default serializer and is now pulled in as a NuGet dependency into Web API projects, which is great. Dynamic JSON Parsing One of the features that I think is getting ever more important is the ability to serialize and deserialize arbitrary JSON content dynamically - that is without mapping the JSON captured directly into a .NET type as DataContractSerializer or the JavaScript Serializers do. Sometimes it isn't possible to map types due to the differences in languages (think collections, dictionaries etc), and other times you simply don't have the structures in place or don't want to create them to actually import the data. If this topic sounds familiar - you're right! I wrote about dynamic JSON parsing a few months back before JSON.NET was added to Web API and when Web API and the System.Net HttpClient libraries included the System.Json classes like JsonObject and JsonArray. With the inclusion of JSON.NET in Web API these classes are now obsolete and didn't ship with Web API or the client libraries. I re-linked my original post to this one. In this post I'll discus JToken, JObject and JArray which are the dynamic JSON objects that make it very easy to create and retrieve JSON content on the fly without underlying types. Why Dynamic JSON? So, why Dynamic JSON parsing rather than strongly typed parsing? Since applications are interacting more and more with third party services it becomes ever more important to have easy access to those services with easy JSON parsing. Sometimes it just makes lot of sense to pull just a small amount of data out of large JSON document received from a service, because the third party service isn't directly related to your application's logic most of the time - and it makes little sense to map the entire service structure in your application. For example, recently I worked with the Google Maps Places API to return information about businesses close to me (or rather the app's) location. The Google API returns a ton of information that my application had no interest in - all I needed was few values out of the data. Dynamic JSON parsing makes it possible to map this data, without having to map the entire API to a C# data structure. Instead I could pull out the three or four values I needed from the API and directly store it on my business entities that needed to receive the data - no need to map the entire Maps API structure. Getting JSON.NET The easiest way to use JSON.NET is to grab it via NuGet and add it as a reference to your project. You can add it to your project with: PM> Install-Package Newtonsoft.Json From the Package Manager Console or by using Manage NuGet Packages in your project References. As mentioned if you're using ASP.NET Web API or MVC 4 JSON.NET will be automatically added to your project. Alternately you can also go to the CodePlex site and download the latest version including source code: http://json.codeplex.com/ Creating JSON on the fly with JObject and JArray Let's start with creating some JSON on the fly. It's super easy to create a dynamic object structure with any of the JToken derived JSON.NET objects. The most common JToken derived classes you are likely to use are JObject and JArray. JToken implements IDynamicMetaProvider and so uses the dynamic  keyword extensively to make it intuitive to create object structures and turn them into JSON via dynamic object syntax. Here's an example of creating a music album structure with child songs using JObject for the base object and songs and JArray for the actual collection of songs:[TestMethod] public void JObjectOutputTest() { // strong typed instance var jsonObject = new JObject(); // you can explicitly add values here using class interface jsonObject.Add("Entered", DateTime.Now); // or cast to dynamic to dynamically add/read properties dynamic album = jsonObject; album.AlbumName = "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap"; album.Artist = "AC/DC"; album.YearReleased = 1976; album.Songs = new JArray() as dynamic; dynamic song = new JObject(); song.SongName = "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap"; song.SongLength = "4:11"; album.Songs.Add(song); song = new JObject(); song.SongName = "Love at First Feel"; song.SongLength = "3:10"; album.Songs.Add(song); Console.WriteLine(album.ToString()); } This produces a complete JSON structure: { "Entered": "2012-08-18T13:26:37.7137482-10:00", "AlbumName": "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap", "Artist": "AC/DC", "YearReleased": 1976, "Songs": [ { "SongName": "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap", "SongLength": "4:11" }, { "SongName": "Love at First Feel", "SongLength": "3:10" } ] } Notice that JSON.NET does a nice job formatting the JSON, so it's easy to read and paste into blog posts :-). JSON.NET includes a bunch of configuration options that control how JSON is generated. Typically the defaults are just fine, but you can override with the JsonSettings object for most operations. The important thing about this code is that there's no explicit type used for holding the values to serialize to JSON. Rather the JSON.NET objects are the containers that receive the data as I build up my JSON structure dynamically, simply by adding properties. This means this code can be entirely driven at runtime without compile time restraints of structure for the JSON output. Here I use JObject to create a album 'object' and immediately cast it to dynamic. JObject() is kind of similar in behavior to ExpandoObject in that it allows you to add properties by simply assigning to them. Internally, JObject values are stored in pseudo collections of key value pairs that are exposed as properties through the IDynamicMetaObject interface exposed in JSON.NET's JToken base class. For objects the syntax is very clean - you add simple typed values as properties. For objects and arrays you have to explicitly create new JObject or JArray, cast them to dynamic and then add properties and items to them. Always remember though these values are dynamic - which means no Intellisense and no compiler type checking. It's up to you to ensure that the names and values you create are accessed consistently and without typos in your code. Note that you can also access the JObject instance directly (not as dynamic) and get access to the underlying JObject type. This means you can assign properties by string, which can be useful for fully data driven JSON generation from other structures. Below you can see both styles of access next to each other:// strong type instance var jsonObject = new JObject(); // you can explicitly add values here jsonObject.Add("Entered", DateTime.Now); // expando style instance you can just 'use' properties dynamic album = jsonObject; album.AlbumName = "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap"; JContainer (the base class for JObject and JArray) is a collection so you can also iterate over the properties at runtime easily:foreach (var item in jsonObject) { Console.WriteLine(item.Key + " " + item.Value.ToString()); } The functionality of the JSON objects are very similar to .NET's ExpandObject and if you used it before, you're already familiar with how the dynamic interfaces to the JSON objects works. Importing JSON with JObject.Parse() and JArray.Parse() The JValue structure supports importing JSON via the Parse() and Load() methods which can read JSON data from a string or various streams respectively. Essentially JValue includes the core JSON parsing to turn a JSON string into a collection of JsonValue objects that can be then referenced using familiar dynamic object syntax. Here's a simple example:public void JValueParsingTest() { var jsonString = @"{""Name"":""Rick"",""Company"":""West Wind"", ""Entered"":""2012-03-16T00:03:33.245-10:00""}"; dynamic json = JValue.Parse(jsonString); // values require casting string name = json.Name; string company = json.Company; DateTime entered = json.Entered; Assert.AreEqual(name, "Rick"); Assert.AreEqual(company, "West Wind"); } The JSON string represents an object with three properties which is parsed into a JObject class and cast to dynamic. Once cast to dynamic I can then go ahead and access the object using familiar object syntax. Note that the actual values - json.Name, json.Company, json.Entered - are actually of type JToken and I have to cast them to their appropriate types first before I can do type comparisons as in the Asserts at the end of the test method. This is required because of the way that dynamic types work which can't determine the type based on the method signature of the Assert.AreEqual(object,object) method. I have to either assign the dynamic value to a variable as I did above, or explicitly cast ( (string) json.Name) in the actual method call. The JSON structure can be much more complex than this simple example. Here's another example of an array of albums serialized to JSON and then parsed through with JsonValue():[TestMethod] public void JsonArrayParsingTest() { var jsonString = @"[ { ""Id"": ""b3ec4e5c"", ""AlbumName"": ""Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap"", ""Artist"": ""AC/DC"", ""YearReleased"": 1976, ""Entered"": ""2012-03-16T00:13:12.2810521-10:00"", ""AlbumImageUrl"": ""http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/61kTaH-uZBL._AA115_.jpg"", ""AmazonUrl"": ""http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/…ASIN=B00008BXJ4"", ""Songs"": [ { ""AlbumId"": ""b3ec4e5c"", ""SongName"": ""Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap"", ""SongLength"": ""4:11"" }, { ""AlbumId"": ""b3ec4e5c"", ""SongName"": ""Love at First Feel"", ""SongLength"": ""3:10"" }, { ""AlbumId"": ""b3ec4e5c"", ""SongName"": ""Big Balls"", ""SongLength"": ""2:38"" } ] }, { ""Id"": ""7b919432"", ""AlbumName"": ""End of the Silence"", ""Artist"": ""Henry Rollins Band"", ""YearReleased"": 1992, ""Entered"": ""2012-03-16T00:13:12.2800521-10:00"", ""AlbumImageUrl"": ""http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51FO3rb1tuL._SL160_AA160_.jpg"", ""AmazonUrl"": ""http://www.amazon.com/End-Silence-Rollins-Band/dp/B0000040OX/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&qid=1302232195&sr=8-5"", ""Songs"": [ { ""AlbumId"": ""7b919432"", ""SongName"": ""Low Self Opinion"", ""SongLength"": ""5:24"" }, { ""AlbumId"": ""7b919432"", ""SongName"": ""Grip"", ""SongLength"": ""4:51"" } ] } ]"; JArray jsonVal = JArray.Parse(jsonString) as JArray; dynamic albums = jsonVal; foreach (dynamic album in albums) { Console.WriteLine(album.AlbumName + " (" + album.YearReleased.ToString() + ")"); foreach (dynamic song in album.Songs) { Console.WriteLine("\t" + song.SongName); } } Console.WriteLine(albums[0].AlbumName); Console.WriteLine(albums[0].Songs[1].SongName); } JObject and JArray in ASP.NET Web API Of course these types also work in ASP.NET Web API controller methods. If you want you can accept parameters using these object or return them back to the server. The following contrived example receives dynamic JSON input, and then creates a new dynamic JSON object and returns it based on data from the first:[HttpPost] public JObject PostAlbumJObject(JObject jAlbum) { // dynamic input from inbound JSON dynamic album = jAlbum; // create a new JSON object to write out dynamic newAlbum = new JObject(); // Create properties on the new instance // with values from the first newAlbum.AlbumName = album.AlbumName + " New"; newAlbum.NewProperty = "something new"; newAlbum.Songs = new JArray(); foreach (dynamic song in album.Songs) { song.SongName = song.SongName + " New"; newAlbum.Songs.Add(song); } return newAlbum; } The raw POST request to the server looks something like this: POST http://localhost/aspnetwebapi/samples/PostAlbumJObject HTTP/1.1User-Agent: FiddlerContent-type: application/jsonHost: localhostContent-Length: 88 {AlbumName: "Dirty Deeds",Songs:[ { SongName: "Problem Child"},{ SongName: "Squealer"}]} and the output that comes back looks like this: {  "AlbumName": "Dirty Deeds New",  "NewProperty": "something new",  "Songs": [    {      "SongName": "Problem Child New"    },    {      "SongName": "Squealer New"    }  ]} The original values are echoed back with something extra appended to demonstrate that we're working with a new object. When you receive or return a JObject, JValue, JToken or JArray instance in a Web API method, Web API ignores normal content negotiation and assumes your content is going to be received and returned as JSON, so effectively the parameter and result type explicitly determines the input and output format which is nice. Dynamic to Strong Type Mapping You can also map JObject and JArray instances to a strongly typed object, so you can mix dynamic and static typing in the same piece of code. Using the 2 Album jsonString shown earlier, the code below takes an array of albums and picks out only a single album and casts that album to a static Album instance.[TestMethod] public void JsonParseToStrongTypeTest() { JArray albums = JArray.Parse(jsonString) as JArray; // pick out one album JObject jalbum = albums[0] as JObject; // Copy to a static Album instance Album album = jalbum.ToObject<Album>(); Assert.IsNotNull(album); Assert.AreEqual(album.AlbumName,jalbum.Value<string>("AlbumName")); Assert.IsTrue(album.Songs.Count > 0); } This is pretty damn useful for the scenario I mentioned earlier - you can read a large chunk of JSON and dynamically walk the property hierarchy down to the item you want to access, and then either access the specific item dynamically (as shown earlier) or map a part of the JSON to a strongly typed object. That's very powerful if you think about it - it leaves you in total control to decide what's dynamic and what's static. Strongly typed JSON Parsing With all this talk of dynamic let's not forget that JSON.NET of course also does strongly typed serialization which is drop dead easy. Here's a simple example on how to serialize and deserialize an object with JSON.NET:[TestMethod] public void StronglyTypedSerializationTest() { // Demonstrate deserialization from a raw string var album = new Album() { AlbumName = "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap", Artist = "AC/DC", Entered = DateTime.Now, YearReleased = 1976, Songs = new List<Song>() { new Song() { SongName = "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap", SongLength = "4:11" }, new Song() { SongName = "Love at First Feel", SongLength = "3:10" } } }; // serialize to string string json2 = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(album,Formatting.Indented); Console.WriteLine(json2); // make sure we can serialize back var album2 = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Album>(json2); Assert.IsNotNull(album2); Assert.IsTrue(album2.AlbumName == "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap"); Assert.IsTrue(album2.Songs.Count == 2); } JsonConvert is a high level static class that wraps lower level functionality, but you can also use the JsonSerializer class, which allows you to serialize/parse to and from streams. It's a little more work, but gives you a bit more control. The functionality available is easy to discover with Intellisense, and that's good because there's not a lot in the way of documentation that's actually useful. Summary JSON.NET is a pretty complete JSON implementation with lots of different choices for JSON parsing from dynamic parsing to static serialization, to complex querying of JSON objects using LINQ. It's good to see this open source library getting integrated into .NET, and pushing out the old and tired stock .NET parsers so that we finally have a bit more flexibility - and extensibility - in our JSON parsing. Good to go! Resources Sample Test Project http://json.codeplex.com/© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2012Posted in .NET  Web Api  AJAX   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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• Using an alternate JSON Serializer in ASP.NET Web API

  - by Rick Strahl

  The new ASP.NET Web API that Microsoft released alongside MVC 4.0 Beta last week is a great framework for building REST and AJAX APIs. I've been working with it for quite a while now and I really like the way it works and the complete set of features it provides 'in the box'. It's about time that Microsoft gets a decent API for building generic HTTP endpoints into the framework. DataContractJsonSerializer sucks As nice as Web API's overall design is one thing still sucks: The built-in JSON Serialization uses the DataContractJsonSerializer which is just too limiting for many scenarios. The biggest issues I have with it are: No support for untyped values (object, dynamic, Anonymous Types) MS AJAX style Date Formatting Ugly serialization formats for types like Dictionaries To me the most serious issue is dealing with serialization of untyped objects. I have number of applications with AJAX front ends that dynamically reformat data from business objects to fit a specific message format that certain UI components require. The most common scenario I have there are IEnumerable query results from a database with fields from the result set rearranged to fit the sometimes unconventional formats required for the UI components (like jqGrid for example). Creating custom types to fit these messages seems like overkill and projections using Linq makes this much easier to code up. Alas DataContractJsonSerializer doesn't support it. Neither does DataContractSerializer for XML output for that matter. What this means is that you can't do stuff like this in Web API out of the box:public object GetAnonymousType() { return new { name = "Rick", company = "West Wind", entered= DateTime.Now }; } Basically anything that doesn't have an explicit type DataContractJsonSerializer will not let you return. FWIW, the same is true for XmlSerializer which also doesn't work with non-typed values for serialization. The example above is obviously contrived with a hardcoded object graph, but it's not uncommon to get dynamic values returned from queries that have anonymous types for their result projections. Apparently there's a good possibility that Microsoft will ship Json.NET as part of Web API RTM release.  Scott Hanselman confirmed this as a footnote in his JSON Dates post a few days ago. I've heard several other people from Microsoft confirm that Json.NET will be included and be the default JSON serializer, but no details yet in what capacity it will show up. Let's hope it ends up as the default in the box. Meanwhile this post will show you how you can use it today with the beta and get JSON that matches what you should see in the RTM version. What about JsonValue? To be fair Web API DOES include a new JsonValue/JsonObject/JsonArray type that allow you to address some of these scenarios. JsonValue is a new type in the System.Json assembly that can be used to build up an object graph based on a dictionary. It's actually a really cool implementation of a dynamic type that allows you to create an object graph and spit it out to JSON without having to create .NET type first. JsonValue can also receive a JSON string and parse it without having to actually load it into a .NET type (which is something that's been missing in the core framework). This is really useful if you get a JSON result from an arbitrary service and you don't want to explicitly create a mapping type for the data returned. For serialization you can create an object structure on the fly and pass it back as part of an Web API action method like this:public JsonValue GetJsonValue() { dynamic json = new JsonObject(); json.name = "Rick"; json.company = "West Wind"; json.entered = DateTime.Now; dynamic address = new JsonObject(); address.street = "32 Kaiea"; address.zip = "96779"; json.address = address; dynamic phones = new JsonArray(); json.phoneNumbers = phones; dynamic phone = new JsonObject(); phone.type = "Home"; phone.number = "808 123-1233"; phones.Add(phone); phone = new JsonObject(); phone.type = "Home"; phone.number = "808 123-1233"; phones.Add(phone); //var jsonString = json.ToString(); return json; } which produces the following output (formatted here for easier reading):{ name: "rick", company: "West Wind", entered: "2012-03-08T15:33:19.673-10:00", address: { street: "32 Kaiea", zip: "96779" }, phoneNumbers: [ { type: "Home", number: "808 123-1233" }, { type: "Mobile", number: "808 123-1234" }] } If you need to build a simple JSON type on the fly these types work great. But if you have an existing type - or worse a query result/list that's already formatted JsonValue et al. become a pain to work with. As far as I can see there's no way to just throw an object instance at JsonValue and have it convert into JsonValue dictionary. It's a manual process. Using alternate Serializers in Web API So, currently the default serializer in WebAPI is DataContractJsonSeriaizer and I don't like it. You may not either, but luckily you can swap the serializer fairly easily. If you'd rather use the JavaScriptSerializer built into System.Web.Extensions or Json.NET today, it's not too difficult to create a custom MediaTypeFormatter that uses these serializers and can replace or partially replace the native serializer. Here's a MediaTypeFormatter implementation using the ASP.NET JavaScriptSerializer:using System; using System.Net.Http.Formatting; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Web.Script.Serialization; using System.Json; using System.IO; namespace Westwind.Web.WebApi { public class JavaScriptSerializerFormatter : MediaTypeFormatter { public JavaScriptSerializerFormatter() { SupportedMediaTypes.Add(new System.Net.Http.Headers.MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/json")); } protected override bool CanWriteType(Type type) { // don't serialize JsonValue structure use default for that if (type == typeof(JsonValue) || type == typeof(JsonObject) || type== typeof(JsonArray) ) return false; return true; } protected override bool CanReadType(Type type) { if (type == typeof(IKeyValueModel)) return false; return true; } protected override System.Threading.Tasks.Taskobject OnReadFromStreamAsync(Type type, System.IO.Stream stream, System.Net.Http.Headers.HttpContentHeaders contentHeaders, FormatterContext formatterContext) { var task = Taskobject.Factory.StartNew(() = { var ser = new JavaScriptSerializer(); string json; using (var sr = new StreamReader(stream)) { json = sr.ReadToEnd(); sr.Close(); } object val = ser.Deserialize(json,type); return val; }); return task; } protected override System.Threading.Tasks.Task OnWriteToStreamAsync(Type type, object value, System.IO.Stream stream, System.Net.Http.Headers.HttpContentHeaders contentHeaders, FormatterContext formatterContext, System.Net.TransportContext transportContext) { var task = Task.Factory.StartNew( () = { var ser = new JavaScriptSerializer(); var json = ser.Serialize(value); byte[] buf = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes(json); stream.Write(buf,0,buf.Length); stream.Flush(); }); return task; } } } Formatter implementation is pretty simple: You override 4 methods to tell which types you can handle and then handle the input or output streams to create/parse the JSON data. Note that when creating output you want to take care to still allow JsonValue/JsonObject/JsonArray types to be handled by the default serializer so those objects serialize properly - if you let either JavaScriptSerializer or JSON.NET handle them they'd try to render the dictionaries which is very undesirable. If you'd rather use Json.NET here's the JSON.NET version of the formatter:// this code requires a reference to JSON.NET in your project #if true using System; using System.Net.Http.Formatting; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Web.Script.Serialization; using System.Json; using Newtonsoft.Json; using System.IO; using Newtonsoft.Json.Converters; namespace Westwind.Web.WebApi { public class JsonNetFormatter : MediaTypeFormatter { public JsonNetFormatter() { SupportedMediaTypes.Add(new System.Net.Http.Headers.MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/json")); } protected override bool CanWriteType(Type type) { // don't serialize JsonValue structure use default for that if (type == typeof(JsonValue) || type == typeof(JsonObject) || type == typeof(JsonArray)) return false; return true; } protected override bool CanReadType(Type type) { if (type == typeof(IKeyValueModel)) return false; return true; } protected override System.Threading.Tasks.Taskobject OnReadFromStreamAsync(Type type, System.IO.Stream stream, System.Net.Http.Headers.HttpContentHeaders contentHeaders, FormatterContext formatterContext) { var task = Taskobject.Factory.StartNew(() = { var settings = new JsonSerializerSettings() { NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Ignore, }; var sr = new StreamReader(stream); var jreader = new JsonTextReader(sr); var ser = new JsonSerializer(); ser.Converters.Add(new IsoDateTimeConverter()); object val = ser.Deserialize(jreader, type); return val; }); return task; } protected override System.Threading.Tasks.Task OnWriteToStreamAsync(Type type, object value, System.IO.Stream stream, System.Net.Http.Headers.HttpContentHeaders contentHeaders, FormatterContext formatterContext, System.Net.TransportContext transportContext) { var task = Task.Factory.StartNew( () = { var settings = new JsonSerializerSettings() { NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Ignore, }; string json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(value, Formatting.Indented, new JsonConverter[1] { new IsoDateTimeConverter() } ); byte[] buf = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes(json); stream.Write(buf,0,buf.Length); stream.Flush(); }); return task; } } } #endif   One advantage of the Json.NET serializer is that you can specify a few options on how things are formatted and handled. You get null value handling and you can plug in the IsoDateTimeConverter which is nice to product proper ISO dates that I would expect any Json serializer to output these days. Hooking up the Formatters Once you've created the custom formatters you need to enable them for your Web API application. To do this use the GlobalConfiguration.Configuration object and add the formatter to the Formatters collection. Here's what this looks like hooked up from Application_Start in a Web project:protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { // Action based routing (used for RPC calls) RouteTable.Routes.MapHttpRoute( name: "StockApi", routeTemplate: "stocks/{action}/{symbol}", defaults: new { symbol = RouteParameter.Optional, controller = "StockApi" } ); // WebApi Configuration to hook up formatters and message handlers // optional RegisterApis(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); } public static void RegisterApis(HttpConfiguration config) { // Add JavaScriptSerializer formatter instead - add at top to make default //config.Formatters.Insert(0, new JavaScriptSerializerFormatter()); // Add Json.net formatter - add at the top so it fires first! // This leaves the old one in place so JsonValue/JsonObject/JsonArray still are handled config.Formatters.Insert(0, new JsonNetFormatter()); } One thing to remember here is the GlobalConfiguration object which is Web API's static configuration instance. I think this thing is seriously misnamed given that GlobalConfiguration could stand for anything and so is hard to discover if you don't know what you're looking for. How about WebApiConfiguration or something more descriptive? Anyway, once you know what it is you can use the Formatters collection to insert your custom formatter. Note that I insert my formatter at the top of the list so it takes precedence over the default formatter. I also am not removing the old formatter because I still want JsonValue/JsonObject/JsonArray to be handled by the default serialization mechanism. Since they process in sequence and I exclude processing for these types JsonValue et al. still get properly serialized/deserialized. Summary Currently DataContractJsonSerializer in Web API is a pain, but at least we have the ability with relatively limited effort to replace the MediaTypeFormatter and plug in our own JSON serializer. This is useful for many scenarios - if you have existing client applications that used MVC JsonResult or ASP.NET AJAX results from ASMX AJAX services you can plug in the JavaScript serializer and get exactly the same serializer you used in the past so your results will be the same and don't potentially break clients. JSON serializers do vary a bit in how they serialize some of the more complex types (like Dictionaries and dates for example) and so if you're migrating it might be helpful to ensure your client code doesn't break when you switch to ASP.NET Web API. Going forward it looks like Microsoft is planning on plugging in Json.Net into Web API and make that the default. I think that's an awesome choice since Json.net has been around forever, is fast and easy to use and provides a ton of functionality as part of this great library. I just wish Microsoft would have figured this out sooner instead of now at the last minute integrating with it especially given that Json.Net has a similar set of lower level JSON objects JsonValue/JsonObject etc. which now will end up being duplicated by the native System.Json stuff. It's not like we don't already have enough confusion regarding which JSON serializer to use (JavaScriptSerializer, DataContractJsonSerializer, JsonValue/JsonObject/JsonArray and now Json.net). For years I've been using my own JSON serializer because the built in choices are both limited. However, with an official encorsement of Json.Net I'm happily moving on to use that in my applications. Let's see and hope Microsoft gets this right before ASP.NET Web API goes gold.© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2012Posted in Web Api  AJAX  ASP.NET   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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