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• Shell script to read value from a file and compare it to another one

  - by maneeshshetty

  I have a C program which puts one unique value inside a test file (it would be a two digit number). Now I want to run a shell script to read that number and then compare with my required number (e.g. 40). The comparison should deliver "equal to" or "greater". For example: The output of the C program is written into the file called c.txt with the value 36, and I want to compare it with the number 40. So I want that comparison to be "equal to" or "greater" and then echo the value "equal" or "greater".

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• securing communication between 2 Linux servers on local network for ports only they need access to

  - by gkdsp

  I have two Linux servers connected to each other via a cross-connect cable, forming a local network. One of the servers presents a DMZ for the other server (e.g. database server) that must be very secure. I'm restricting this question to communication between the two servers for ports that only need to be available to these servers (and no one else). Thus, communication between the two servers can be established by: (1) opening the required port(s) on both servers, and authenticating according to the applications' rules. (2) disabling IP Tables associated with the NIC cards the cross-connect cable is attached to (on both servers). Which method is more secure? In the first case, the needed ports are open to the external world, but protected by user name and password. In the second case, none of the needed ports are open to the outside world, but since the IP Tables are disabled for the NIC cards associated with the cross-connect cables, essentially all of the ports may be considered to be "open" between the two servers (and so if the server creating the DMZ is compromized, the hacker on the DMZ server could view all ports open using the cross-connect cable). Any conventional wisdom how to make the communication secure between two servers for ports only these servers need access to?

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• iptables rule for forwarding outbound traffic

  - by Claudiu

  I am trying to forward the outbound traffic to another server. Current rule is: /sbin/iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -s localhost -o 91.xxx.xxx.xxx --dport 65000:65010 -j ACCEPT but when I do a iptables -L, the rule its showed like this: ACCEPT tcp -- localhost.localdomain anywhere tcp dpts:65000:65010 So I guess my rule is bad written since the "destination" column shows "anywhere" Can you help me with this?

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• How to back up initial state of external backup drive?

  - by intuited

  I've picked up an HP Simplesave external drive. It comes with some fancy software that is of no use to me because I don't use Windows. Like many current consumer-targeted backup drives, the backup software is actually contained on the drive itself. I'd like to save the drive's initial state so that I can restore it if I decide to sell it. The backup box itself is somewhat customized: in addition to the hard drive device, it presents a CDROM-like device on /dev/sr0. I gather that the purpose of this cdrom device is to bootstrap via Windows autoplay the backup application which lives on the disk itself. I wouldn't suppose any guarantees about how it does this, so it seems important to preserve the exact state of the disk. The drive is formatted with a single 500GB NTFS partition. My initial thought was to use dd to dump the disk (/dev/sdb) itself, but this proved impractical, as the resulting file was not sparse. This seemed to be because the NTFS empty space is not filled with zeroes, but with a repeating series of 16 bytes. I tried gzipping the output of dd. This reduced to the file to a manageable size — the first 18GB was compressed to 81MB, versus 47MB to tarball the contents of the mounted filesystem — but it was very slow on my admittedly somewhat derelict Pentium M processor. The time to do that first 18GB was about 30 minutes. So I've resorted to dumping the disk state and partition data separately. I've dumped the partition state with sfdisk -d /dev/sdb > sfdisk.-d.out I've also created a compressed image of the NTFS partition (the only one on the disk) with ntfsclone --save-image --output - /dev/sdb1 | gzip -c > ntfsclone.img.gz Is there anything else I should do to ensure that I can restore the precise original state of the drive?

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• View all files with permission 777

  - by Webnet

  Is it possible for me to view all files on the server with a specific permission?

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• ACL permissions not behaving as expected

  - by Yarin

  I set the following ACL on my web directory: setfacl -R -d -m mask:002 /var/www and then created a file as root that I expected to be readable by the default (apache) group. -rw--w-r--+ 1 root apache 0 Dec 17 22:32 newfile.py When I run getfacl on the file, I get: # file: newfile.py # owner: root # group: apache user::rw- group::rwx #effective:-w- mask::-w- other::r-- I'm not sure how to read this- but all I know is that the webserver is throwing a permissions error because apache can't read the file. Can anyone explain what is going on here?

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• LVM Extend... not sure the filesystem

  - by Dan

  I would like to extend my LVM partition. First I did lvextend -L +100G /dev/server/home Now I still have to extend the filesystem. The tutorials tell me to use resize2fs, but that only works for ext2 and ext3. I'm not even sure what filesystem I have... fdisk /dev/server/home/ doesn't work... how do I know what kind of filesystem I have on my lvm partition?

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• Netbeans automatically changes the file owner when updating files

  - by Alon_A

  We use Netbeans IDE 7.2 to edit our PHP files. In the Run Configuration it is configured as Remote Web Site to automatically save the changes on our web server (Centos OS 6.3). The problem is that every time it is updating the files the owner of the file is changed from apache:apache to userThatUploadedTheFile:users. This causes us problems with SOAP cache files that are configured with apache:apache ownership, and we need to manually chownit back to apache:apache. We've checked the "Preserve Remote File Permissions" checkbox, so the permissions are not changed, only the owner. Is there any solution to preserve the ownership ?

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• Rpm removal does not remove delivered dirs and leaves garbage

  - by Jim

  I deliver an application via an RPM. This application delivers various directories and files. E.g. under /opt/internal/com a file structure is being copied. I was expecting that on rpm -e all the file structure delivered under /opt/internal/com will be removed. But it does not. There are directories in the file structure that are non-empty. Is this the reason? But these (non-empty) directories were created by the RPM installation. So I would expect that they would be "owned" by RPM and removed automatically. Is this wrong? Am I supposed to remove them manually?

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• XFS: No space left on device

  - by beketa

  I am using XFS on small HDD (/dev/sdb1, less than 1TB) and storing many small files (-32KB). df -h and -i show that it has available space. # df -hv Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 127G 19G 102G 16% / tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /lib/init/rw udev 16G 168K 16G 1% /dev tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 99M 20M 75M 21% /boot /dev/sdb1 136G 123G 14G 91% /mnt/sdb1 # df -iv Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on /dev/sda3 8421376 36199 8385177 1% / tmpfs 4126158 5 4126153 1% /lib/init/rw udev 4124934 671 4124263 1% /dev tmpfs 4126158 1 4126157 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 26112 222 25890 1% /boot /dev/sdb1 24905120 11076608 13828512 45% /mnt/sdb1 However I got No space left on device error. # touch /mnt/sdb1/test touch: cannot touch `/mnt/sdb1/test': No space left on device I think inode64 issue is not related to this case because drive is less than 1TB and df -i shows that there are free inodes. I unmounted and mounted with -o inode64 but got the same error. xfs_repair does not report any problem. xfs_info shows drive information as follows. # xfs_info /dev/sdb1 meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=1024 agcount=16, agsize=2227764 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2 data = bsize=4096 blocks=35644210, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=17404, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 Any ideas? Thanks!

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• is there a way to run a command before puppet implements a change?

  - by Patrick

  I want to have puppet run a specific command before performing any type of change. I am aware of the prerun_command option in the main puppet.conf, but this is not what I'm looking for. I want the command to only run if something is about to change, not on every puppet run. Here's the scenario. Let's say I have a bunch of web servers behind a load balancer. I then want puppet to update the web site files. But in order to prevent issues where some files have been updated, but other files haven't, and the mixed versions causing problems, I want to take the server out of the load balancer pool. I could write a script which when run will tell the load balancer to remove the box from the pool. Then puppet can do the change, and use postrun_command to put the box back in the pool once complete. But I need a way to run that script to remove the server from the pool. The only solution I can think of is to keep 2 copies of the files on the box. One a staging copy, and when puppet updates that, use a notify action to trigger the removal script, and then copy from staging into the live location. But I was hoping for something a little more generic that would work on any change being performed (upgrading a package, restarting a service, creating a user, anything).

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• Bringing pages for a particular process out of swap

  - by intuited

  I'd like to know if it's possible to bring pages from a particular process into main memory, or to set parameters for a given process, or class of process so that it will not be swapped out.

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• How to Extending a logical volume in WMWare

  - by Mercer

  down vote favorite i have a CentOS 6.3 into my Virtual Machine. I have 2 Disk: Disk#1 = 18G Disk#2 = 20G [root@vm ~]# df -h Filesystem Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_system-lv_root 1008M 250M 708M 27% / tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 194M 31M 154M 17% /boot /dev/mapper/vg_system-lv_home 504M 17M 462M 4% /home /dev/mapper/vg_system-lv_opt 2.0G 68M 1.9G 4% /opt /dev/mapper/vg_produits-lv_grid 6.9G 2.5G 4.1G 38% /opt/grid /dev/mapper/vg_produits-lv_oracle 6.9G 144M 6.4G 3% /opt/oracle /dev/mapper/vg_system-lv_tmp 2.8G 71M 2.6G 3% /tmp /dev/mapper/vg_system-lv_usr 2.5G 1.6G 799M 67% /usr /dev/mapper/vg_system-lv_var 2.0G 278M 1.6G 15% /var So i want to extend my /tmp and my /opt/oracle like this: 10Go in/tmp 13Go in /opt/oracle Thx.

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• IPTables configuration help

  - by Sam

  I'm after some help with setting up IPTables. Mostly the configuration is working, but regardless of what I try I cannot allow localhost to access the local Apache only (i.e. localhost to access localhost:80 only). Here is my script: !/bin/bash Allow root to access external web and ftp iptables -t filter -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 21 --match owner --uid-owner 0 -j ACCEPT iptables -t filter -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 80 --match owner --uid-owner 0 -j ACCEPT Allow DNS queries iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT Allow in and outbound SSH to/from any server iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -s 0/0 --dport 22 -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -d 0/0 --sport 22 -j ACCEPT Accept ICMP requests iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -s 0/0 -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp -d 0/0 -j ACCEPT Accept connections from any local machines but disallow localhost access to networked machines iptables -A INPUT -s 10.0.1.0/24 -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -d 10.0.1.0/24 -j DROP Drop ALL other traffic iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -d 0/0 -j DROP iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp -d 0/0 -j DROP Now I have tried many permutations and I'm obviously missing everything. I place them above the in/out bound SSH to/from, so it's not the precedence order. If someone could give me the heads up on allowing only the local machine to access the local web server, that'd be great. Cheers guys.

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• What music streaming app fits my needs on Ubuntu?

  - by Jim

  I'm looking for an application to stream Internet radio on Ubuntu. I like listening to Radio Paradise while I work. Right now, I'm using Amarok. "Movie Player" sometimes refuses to open the stream, and VLC doesn't keep its window title updated with the currently playing track. Amarok has nice translucent notifications when tracks change, but track changes in streams don't trigger the notifications. Mostly, I want something that reliably opens streams and makes it easy to see the name of the track that's playing. If it has a built-in directory of streaming radio stations, that would be a big benefit.

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• OpenVPN on port 53

  - by TossUser

  I have an openvpn server setup on UDP port 53 on a public IP. All the connecting clients gets pushed external DNS servers such as 8.8.8.8 and opendns. Sometimes the resolution stops working on the connected vpn clients and I get strange packets in the openvpn log. Now my question is why is that? When a VPN client, let's say 192.168.1.22 does a DNS query that query should go to 8.8.8.8:53 and then an UDP response packet should be sent back to 192.168.1.22 on a high UDP port. Any ideas? Thanks

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• Physical Debian to VMWare: vmware-converter, dd-image or otherwise?

  - by Dabu

  we have two debian Lenny production machines, both running larger commercial websites. Now these machines need to be moved, and in the process, they need to be virtualized to VMWare ESX. If you believe the internet information, there are several ways to accomplish this. The easiest for us would be to use our weekly dd backup where the whole disk, however, I have no experience with this kind of technology and if it is really possible. The second best way would be via an application on the source machine virtualizing it and generating an ESX compatible VM. However, the software is beta and unsupported, and after installation, nothing really works (the /etc/init.d/vmware-converter script doesn't actually do anything, start and stop reply with success messages, yet ps shows that there are no new processes). The worst way with the most work would be to install a new machine and set it up manually, copying files and databases as needed. This part is clear in it's execution, and my question(s) do not touch this. Is my 1st way possible? Has anyone done this yet, or better, has a page with instructions? Or is there a help page that explains how to correctly install, run and use the vmware-converter tool using a Debian installation (it's possible that I dod something wrong during installation already)? Thank you.

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• rsync not writing files

  - by Cyrcle

  I'm trying to setup rsync to backup a remote directory to my local drive. I cd to the directory that I want to pull the files to, then I enter: rsync -vrtW [email protected]:~/public_html I enter the password then it starts running. I get all the files listed, but none of them actually transfer. What am I missing? Thanks

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• (monit) What does failure "Changed" mean

  - by bresc

  Hi, I installed monit on my server and tried to monitor nginx. check process nginx with pidfile /var/run/nginx.pid start program = "/etc/init.d/nginx start" stop program = "/etc/init.d/nginx stop" group server And I get Process 'nginx' status Changed monitoring status monitored data collected Wed Mar 24 00:37:49 2010 What does "Changed" mean? I couldn't find anything. Thx

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• Ubuntu: Memory Leak

  - by Keener

  I'm having trouble finding from where this memory leak is occurring. I'm running Ubuntu 8.04 LTS on a Dell XPS M1530. I have 3GB of ram and I'm finding after about an hour or so of use top shows me 2GBs+ used. The strange thing is when I add up the memory percentages by PID either from top or ps aux I find that I should only be using about 20-25% of my available ram. What brought this to my attention was I've begun running vmware server again. Now, obviously the ram usage spikes when I load a virtual machine, but the memory VMware is using does not account for the memory usage I'm seeing via top or free. Stopping vmware server releases the memory which was allocated to it, but I'm still unable to find where this RAM is being used. After a complete reboot, of course, the memory is fine, but very quickly it climbs to 60-80% usage with the processes only appearing to account for a third of that. Any ideas where I should look for more information on what this could be?

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• how to properly edit hosts, hostname and resolf.conf? [migrated]

  - by Firewall

  i,v been searching the internet for a real noop tutorial on the subject but could not found any direct info. on how to edit these files the proper way. i,v got a debian internet server that i use to host some personal domains and runs squid and rTorrent. the server is up and running with no problems but i am confused about a few things. lets say that i named my server (foo), my domain is (example.com) and my public IP is 95.211.133.200 now: should /etc/hostname contains: tango.example.com or tango <----- just the server name should /etc/hosts contains: 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost 95.211.133.200 foo.example.com foo should /etc/resolf.conf contains (along with the nameservers) both: domain example.com search example.com or just the first one. are there any other files that i should edit in order to make things right? last thing, the command: domainname returns: (none) i believe it should return (example.com). what should i do to correct that?

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• How to configure a static wildcard subdomain with dnsmasq.

  - by Prody

  I have a network behind a NAT with a few machines. The machines are: router - NAT, dnsmasq, forwarding - directly connected to the inet server - which runs ssh, www and some other stuff clients - which do stuff on server I also have mydomain.com. server.mydomain.com is pointing to my connection's IP (single IP), which is the router, which forwards ports to server. Server, has a httpd running, which serves different sites based on vhosts. So I have site1.server.mydomain.com, site2.. The problem is that all the traffic is going thru the router, and when I check logs I always see the router's IP for everything (so it's hard to see who is running the script with the while(1)). I would just ServerAlias site1.server.local, but most of the sites have a root URL saved somewhere on top of which other URLs are built, so I can't do that. The solution for me would be telling dnsmasq somehow to answer to *.mydomain.com with server's IP. Is this possible somehow?

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• Barnyard Service - MySQL Error

  - by SLYN

  I installed barnyard2 and saved as a service. When I run service barnyard2 start, Barnyard2 is failed. After I run tail -100 /var/log/messages and I encounter a fault like this. ERROR database: 'mysql' support is not compiled into this build of snort#012 Aug 22 11:52:06 barnyard2[25771]: FATAL ERROR: If this build of barnyard2 was obtained as a binary distribution (e.g., rpm,#012or Windows), then check for alternate builds that contains the necessary#012'mysql' support.#012#012If this build of barnyard2 was compiled by you, then re-run the#012the ./configure script using the '--with-mysql' switch.#012For non-standard installations of a database, the '--with-mysql=DIR'#012syntax may need to be used to specify the base directory of the DB install.#012#012See the database documentation for cursory details (doc/README.database).#012and the URL to the most recent database plugin documentation. Aug 22 11:52:06 barnyard2[25771]: Barnyard2 exiting What sould I do for solving this problem? When I installed Barnyard2, I used these commands: # ./configure --with-mysql --with-mysql-libraries=/usr/lib64/mysql # make ; make install (My System is CentOS 6.5 x86_64.)

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• Xorg configuration file on Debian Testing

  - by nubicurio

  I cannot find the Xorg configuration file on my newly installed Debian on my tablet-pc, so I followed this tutorial http://wiki.debian.org/Xorg and ran the command "Xorg -configure", to which I got the following error messages: (EE) Failed to load module "vmwgfx" (module does not exist, 0) (EE) vmware: Please ignore the above warnings about not being able to load module/driver vmwgfx (++) Using config file: "/root/xorg.conf.new" (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d" FATAL: Module fbcon not found. Number of created screens does not match number of detected devices. Configuration failed. Dose anyone know what this means and how I should proceed? Why is there a warning about vmware, and what is this fbcon module?

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• Is there any reason this cronjob would fail in cron, but not on the command line?

  - by Treffynnon

  I have written a little one liner that will email me when a list of files changes - I used sha512 to generate a list of hashes and then periodically check that those hashes still match. */5 * * * * /usr/bin/sha512sum --status -c /sha512.sumlist && echo "Success" > /dev/null || echo "Check robots.txt and index.html in /var/www as staging sites are now potentially exposed to the world and the damned googlebot" | /usr/bin/mail -s "Default staging server files have changed" [email protected] It works fine on the command line with: /usr/bin/sha512sum --status -c /sha512.sumlist && echo "Success" > /dev/null || echo "Check robots.txt and index.html in /var/www as staging sites are now potentially exposed to the world and the damned googlebot" | /usr/bin/mail -s "Default staging server files have changed" [email protected] As soon as I run it as a cronjob though it emails every time it runs with the failure message instead of only when the sha512sum check should fail. Is there something silly I have missed in a rush? I forgot to mention that I am running an Ubuntu machine.

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