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• iptables rule for forwarding outbound traffic

  - by Claudiu

  I am trying to forward the outbound traffic to another server. Current rule is: /sbin/iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -s localhost -o 91.xxx.xxx.xxx --dport 65000:65010 -j ACCEPT but when I do a iptables -L, the rule its showed like this: ACCEPT tcp -- localhost.localdomain anywhere tcp dpts:65000:65010 So I guess my rule is bad written since the "destination" column shows "anywhere" Can you help me with this?

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• securing communication between 2 Linux servers on local network for ports only they need access to

  - by gkdsp

  I have two Linux servers connected to each other via a cross-connect cable, forming a local network. One of the servers presents a DMZ for the other server (e.g. database server) that must be very secure. I'm restricting this question to communication between the two servers for ports that only need to be available to these servers (and no one else). Thus, communication between the two servers can be established by: (1) opening the required port(s) on both servers, and authenticating according to the applications' rules. (2) disabling IP Tables associated with the NIC cards the cross-connect cable is attached to (on both servers). Which method is more secure? In the first case, the needed ports are open to the external world, but protected by user name and password. In the second case, none of the needed ports are open to the outside world, but since the IP Tables are disabled for the NIC cards associated with the cross-connect cables, essentially all of the ports may be considered to be "open" between the two servers (and so if the server creating the DMZ is compromized, the hacker on the DMZ server could view all ports open using the cross-connect cable). Any conventional wisdom how to make the communication secure between two servers for ports only these servers need access to?

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• What happens when a chown occurs on a file being written to?

  - by jtd

  Background: I have a cron job which chown's the directories of new users. More often than not, these users are already uploading files to the server before the job occurs. So will files successfully have their ownership changed if they are in the process of being uploaded?

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• sendmail appends server name to external domains when relaying

  - by Chris

  My server is set to send all email to a corporate relay server. For the company domain, it works perfectly. I've recently found emails being sent to an outside domain are getting the hostname of my server appended to the email prior to being sent. Here is the log entry for one such attempt. Nov 6 09:46:45 myservername sendmail[45023]: rA6EkjiI045023: [email protected], delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=30590, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (rA6Ekj2g045037 Message accepted for delivery) Nov 6 09:46:45 myservername sendmail[45061]: rA6Ekj2g045037: to=<[email protected]>, delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=120885, relay=relay.company.com [x.x.x.x], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (ok: Message 342335947 accepted) Notice the email address difference between it being accepted by my server for delivery (correct email address), and being sent and accepted by the corporate relay (incorrect with server name appended). To make it more interesting, the application on my server uses email for user account verification/activation. In August, this particular user was able to register his account and activate it. I have made no configuration changes to mail since setting the server up over a year ago. DNS is also a corporate service. I've never touched my /etc/resolv.conf configuration. domain company.com nameserver <ip1> nameserver <ip2> search myservername Thanks!

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• How to set the laptop screen brightness programatically?

  - by zls

  I'm currently migrating to openbox without gnome session. In unity i can use the vendor keys to set the screen brightness, but in openbox I'm on my own. /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness works fine, the problem is that I need sudo to set the brightness and that wouldn't work with keyboard mappings. xbacklight -get/set doesn't do or output anything. I don't really want to use xrandr --brightness. Are there any other options or a way to fix the problems with xbacklight or acpi_video0 ?

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• Rpm removal does not remove delivered dirs and leaves garbage

  - by Jim

  I deliver an application via an RPM. This application delivers various directories and files. E.g. under /opt/internal/com a file structure is being copied. I was expecting that on rpm -e all the file structure delivered under /opt/internal/com will be removed. But it does not. There are directories in the file structure that are non-empty. Is this the reason? But these (non-empty) directories were created by the RPM installation. So I would expect that they would be "owned" by RPM and removed automatically. Is this wrong? Am I supposed to remove them manually?

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• Is there an email client optimized for screen readers and accessiblity?

  - by Adolfo Fitoria

  Hi. I'm currently working on a project to help visually impaired people. We're planning to use Orca screen reader for gnome. Everything is doing great but there is a problem with email web clients the most popular ones(gmail, yahoo, hotmail) are not optimized for screen readers. Is there some kind of simple email client optimized for this? Need to be very simple and straight foward and support multiple users too.

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• Using screen to monitor non-interactive scripts (or some other solution)

  - by Michael

  I have some autonomous scripts that run commands on remote machines over ssh. These scripts rely on getting stdout, stderr, and the return code of each command run. I want to be able to monitor the progress of the scripts on each target machine so that I can see if something has hung and possibly intervene if necessary. My initial idea was to have the scripts run commands in a screen session, so that the person monitoring could simply attach to the session with screen -x. However, it was hard to do that from a script since screen is an interactive program. I can send a command to the screen session with screen -S session -X stuff "command^M", but then I don't get the output and return code that I need back. My second idea was to put script /path/to/log in ~/.bash_profile and log the entire session to a file. Then the monitoring person could simply tail the log file. However, this doesn't provide the interactivity that I was looking for. Any ideas on how to solve this problem?

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• Display CPU usage separately (without root privileges)

  - by synaptik

  I need to display the CPU usage for each processing core on a single shared-memory 12-core (SMP) machine. I don't have access to install htop, else I would simply use that. I don't need fancy graphs or meters, though they would be nice. For example, simply displaying: X X X X X X X X X X X X where each X is the percentage utilization of 1 of the 12 processing cores on my machine. FYI: I know I can simply look at the utilization in "top" and divide that number by the number of cores on my machine, but I prefer a solution that shows each core separately.

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• NSD reply from unexpected source

  - by Ximik

  I have server with NSD. There are MAIN_IP and ADD_IP. When I try to get IP of my site from server I have right output dig @localhost my_site.com But when I try to make this from my PC, I have dig @my_ns_server.com my_site.com ;; reply from unexpected source: MAIN_IP#53, expected ADD_IP#53 (ADD_IP is IP of my_ns_server.com) What should I do? UPD: My interfaces conf auto eth2 allow-hotplug eth2 iface eth2 inet static address xxx.xxx.xxx.234 netmask 255.255.255.252 network xxx.xxx.xxx.232 broadcast xxx.xxx.xxx.235 gateway xxx.xxx.xxx.233 dns-nameservers MY_ISP_IP dns-search MY_ISP_DOMAIN auto eth2:0 iface eth2:0 inet static address xxx.xxx.xxx.124 netmask 255.255.255.0 xxx.xxx.xxx is the same for all IPs

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• How to fix Ubuntu 10.10 black screen from terminal?

  - by none

  I'm trying to install Ubuntu Desktop 10.10 on an Intel Atom mainboard (Intel D945GCLF2) with CRT that has been running Ubuntu 9.x previously. Both, Desktop live CD / installer and alternate install CD cause the screen to go black (and the status LED blinks). I was able to get a bit further into the boot process with nomodeset as parameter with the Live CD, unfortunately I can't pass GRUB any parameters now that I have used the alternate Install CD by pressing 'e', it just boots. So now I have Ubuntu installed, I get a terminal with CTRL-ALT-F1 but I don't know what I need to do now or how to adjust resolution or video settings from command line.

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• How to configure multiple addresses on a single interface using Fedora 16

  - by cg.

  I upgraded from Fedora 14 to 16, recently. I had two static IP v4 addresses configured on my ethernet interface by creating two files in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts: ifcfg-eth0 -> first address ifcfg-eth0:1 -> second address After the upgrade, this resulted in an error message during the boot process and in only the second address being successfully configured on the interface. So, what is the correct way to configure multiple addresses on a single interface on Fedora 16? I could not find anything on this subject in the documentation so far.

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• Find hosted directories/ports in Jetty/Apache

  - by Paul Creasey

  Hi, I first asked this on SO, but i didn't get a response and i think it is probably more appropriate here. Let say I have a directory which is being hosted by Jetty or Apache (i'd like an answer for both), i know the URL including the port and i can log into the server. How can i find the directory that is being hosted by a certain port? I'd also like to go the other way, i have a folder on the server, which i know if being hosted, but i don't know the port so i can't find it in a web browser. How can i find a list of directories that are being hosted? This has been bugging me for ages but i've never bothered to ask before! Thanks.

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• Allow SFTP in iptables

  - by Kevin Orriss

  I have just purchased a VPS from linode and am going through the setup guide. I have everything running (apache2, php, mysql etc) but I am being denied access via SFTP when using fileZilla to upload a file. Now this is my second time installing the server as I missed a section out the first time. I was able to connect to my server through SFTP on filezilla the first time and the thing I missed out was adding a new user and editing the iptables in the firewall. So it would seem that the guide I have been following has blocked SFTP but allowed SSH. Here is the iptables file: *filter # Allow all loopback (lo0) traffic and drop all traffic to 127/8 that doesn't use lo0 -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT ! -i lo -d 127.0.0.0/8 -j REJECT # Accept all established inbound connections -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # Allow all outbound traffic - you can modify this to only allow certain traffic -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT # Allow HTTP and HTTPS connections from anywhere (the normal ports for websites and SSL). -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT # Allow SSH connections # # The -dport number should be the same port number you set in sshd_config # -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW --dport 22 -j ACCEPT # Allow ping -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT # Log iptables denied calls -A INPUT -m limit --limit 5/min -j LOG --log-prefix "iptables denied: " --log-level 7 # Reject all other inbound - default deny unless explicitly allowed policy -A INPUT -j REJECT -A FORWARD -j REJECT COMMIT All I would like is a line I need to put in there which allows SFTP over port 22. Thank you for reading this.

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• Url rewrite rule

  - by vvr

  How to redirect a page form show.php?id=(15charstring) to show/(15charstring) I tried like this it is doing reverse means it is redirecting /show/(15chars) to show.php?id=(15chars) RewriteEngine on RewriteRule ^/show/([a-zA-Z0-9]{15})$ http://site.com/show.php?id=$1 Second case is i have to redirect to another page if he added &m=true to the url show.php?id=(15chars)&m=true html/show.php?id=(15chars).

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• Darkstat unable to show recent statistics.

  - by Caterpillar

  Hello All.. We have a debian machine running with firewall / gateway. We have deployed darkstat on it. When we installed darkstat it was showing statistics properly. After few days it stopped showing recent statistics. The data was getting appended to existing one. Please anyone tell me what could be the problem. Thanks In Advance.

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• $DISPLAY dependent gtk themes

  - by Vlad Seghete

  I have a computer at home that I log into remotely. The "monitor" for it is a TV, so I want gtk applications to use a large font and icon theme, which I managed to do by editing the ~/.gtkrc-2.0 file and some other similar stuff. What I want to be able to do is have a separate theme for when I'm logging in remotely. The best way to explain is that I would like my gtk theme choice to be dependent on the X display that the application is started on. For example, if I start something on :0.0 then that is the TV and I want large fonts, but if I start it on localhost:10.0 I want to use a regular size font, because it will get rendered on my laptop screen. The elegant solution would be to have some sort of IF statement in the .gtkrc-2.0 file that checks the $DISPLAY variable and behaves accordingly. The problem is I can't find any documentation on control structures in .gktrc files, or if it's even possible to do that.

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• What is the meaning of the 'Personalities' feature under /proc/mdstat

  - by drcelus

  On some systems I see this : Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath] [faulty] md1 : active raid1 sdb1[1] sda1[0] 10485696 blocks [2/2] [UU] md2 : active raid1 sdb2[1] sda2[0] 477371328 blocks [2/2] [UU] And other systems show : Personalities : [raid1] md0 : active raid1 sdb2[1] sda2[0] 204788 blocks super 1.0 [2/2] [UU] md1 : active raid1 sdb1[1] sda1[0] 4193272 blocks super 1.1 [2/2] [UU] md2 : active raid1 sda3[0] sdb3[1] 483985276 blocks super 1.1 [2/2] [UU] bitmap: 0/4 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk I wonder what is the meaning of Personalities and the impact of having different values.

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• CentOS 6 init script doesn't work properly

  - by user711643

  I'm setting up my ruby production server based on CentOS 6. I need a process called god (which is a process monitoring tool) to start at boot. I'm using an init script that I found here. Just as stated in the guide I ran: chkconfig --add god and then chkconfig --level 345 god on After this if I run "service god start|restart" everything works. It loads the available configurations and brings up the related processes (if they are not running). Problem is it doesn't work at boot. If I reboot the system, then I do "ps -aux | grep god". At this point "god" is running but apparently it didn't load the configuration files. If i run again service god restart, it loads everything without problems. What am I doing wrong?

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• Explanation of command to uppercase the first letter of a file

  - by hazielquake

  Hi I'm trying to learn to rename files with the command line, and after browsing around a lot of pages I finally found a command that uppercases the first letter of a file, but the problem is that I want to understand the meaning of each command. The command is: for i in *; do new=echo "$i" | sed -e 's/^./\U&/'; mv "$i" "$new";done I understand the 'for' kinda... but not the 'echo' or '`' and especially the sed command. if someone has a little patience to explain the meaning of each thing that'd be awesome! Thanks!

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• cannot find java even though it is there (ubuntu 12.04)

  - by Jeff Storey

  I'm trying to just execute the java command and it's saying it cannot be found, even though it is there. Here's what my output looks like root@oneiric:/usr/lib/jvm/default-java/bin# ls -al java -rwxrwxrwx 1 uucp 143 5750 2012-09-20 11:14 java root@oneiric:/usr/lib/jvm/default-java/bin# ./java -su: ./java: No such file or directory So the ls shows it's there, but it doesn't seem to execute. Can someone explain why this is?

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• Xorg configuration file on Debian Testing

  - by nubicurio

  I cannot find the Xorg configuration file on my newly installed Debian on my tablet-pc, so I followed this tutorial http://wiki.debian.org/Xorg and ran the command "Xorg -configure", to which I got the following error messages: (EE) Failed to load module "vmwgfx" (module does not exist, 0) (EE) vmware: Please ignore the above warnings about not being able to load module/driver vmwgfx (++) Using config file: "/root/xorg.conf.new" (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d" FATAL: Module fbcon not found. Number of created screens does not match number of detected devices. Configuration failed. Dose anyone know what this means and how I should proceed? Why is there a warning about vmware, and what is this fbcon module?

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• grep + sed for find & replace fun!

  - by Jim Greenleaf

  I have a dev copy of a website set up that has quite a few hardcoded references to its live counterpart. I would like to replace all occurrences of "www." with "dev." in all files. I think I can use a combination of grep + sed, but I'm not sure how.

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• Why do we see multiple PID's related to same application/owner for http like this below. What does this mean?

  - by Muthukumar Alagappan

  Why do we see multiple PID's related to same application/owner for http like this below. What does this mean?. $ ps -ef | grep httpd | grep -v grep apache 9619 20181 0 07:08 ? 00:00:03 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 10092 20181 0 Jan24 ? 00:00:07 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 13086 20181 0 06:09 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 13717 20181 0 Jan25 ? 00:00:01 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 14730 20181 0 07:13 ? 00:00:01 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 16359 20181 0 09:54 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd root 20181 1 0 2011 ? 00:00:01 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 21450 20181 0 09:55 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd

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• XFS: No space left on device

  - by beketa

  I am using XFS on small HDD (/dev/sdb1, less than 1TB) and storing many small files (-32KB). df -h and -i show that it has available space. # df -hv Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 127G 19G 102G 16% / tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /lib/init/rw udev 16G 168K 16G 1% /dev tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 99M 20M 75M 21% /boot /dev/sdb1 136G 123G 14G 91% /mnt/sdb1 # df -iv Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on /dev/sda3 8421376 36199 8385177 1% / tmpfs 4126158 5 4126153 1% /lib/init/rw udev 4124934 671 4124263 1% /dev tmpfs 4126158 1 4126157 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 26112 222 25890 1% /boot /dev/sdb1 24905120 11076608 13828512 45% /mnt/sdb1 However I got No space left on device error. # touch /mnt/sdb1/test touch: cannot touch `/mnt/sdb1/test': No space left on device I think inode64 issue is not related to this case because drive is less than 1TB and df -i shows that there are free inodes. I unmounted and mounted with -o inode64 but got the same error. xfs_repair does not report any problem. xfs_info shows drive information as follows. # xfs_info /dev/sdb1 meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=1024 agcount=16, agsize=2227764 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2 data = bsize=4096 blocks=35644210, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=17404, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 Any ideas? Thanks!

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