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  • Unity3D : Retry Menu (Scene Management)

    - by user3666251
    I'm making a simple 2D game for Android using the Unity3D game engine. I created all the levels and everything but I'm stuck at making the game over/retry menu. So far I've been using new scenes as a game over menu. I used this simple script: #pragma strict var level = Application.LoadLevel; function OnCollisionEnter(Collision : Collision) { if(Collision.collider.tag == "Player") { Application.LoadLevel("GameOver"); } } And this as a 'menu': #pragma strict var myGUISkin : GUISkin; var btnTexture : Texture; function OnGUI() { GUI.skin = myGUISkin; if (GUI.Button(Rect(Screen.width/2-60,Screen.height/2+30,100,40),"Retry")) Application.LoadLevel("Easy1"); if (GUI.Button(Rect(Screen.width/2-90,Screen.height/2+100,170,40),"Main Menu")) Application.LoadLevel("MainMenu"); } The problem stands at the part where I have to create over 200 game over scenes, obstacles (the objects that kill the player) and recreate the same script over 200 times for each level. Is there any other way to make this faster and less painful?

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  • Cocos2d-x v3.1 for WinPhone 8 auto change texture after resumed from background

    - by Bình Nguyên
    I have some sprites in my game (for Windows Phone 8). These are my steps to reproduce the problem: Open game Play (this is an optional step) Press Windows button to send game to background Press Back button to resume game The problem is: After the game has resumed, some sprites exchange textures, some sprites go black (like there is no texture being bound). I'm using cocos2dx version 3.1.1. Can someone help me to solve this problem?

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  • Logic that can traverse all possible layouts, but not checking every combination of identical pieces?

    - by George Bailey
    Suppose we have a grid of arbitrary size, which is filled by blocks of various widths and heights. There are many 2x2 blocks (meaning they take a total of 4 cells in the grid) and many 3x3 blocks, as well as some 5x4, 4x5, 2x3, etc. I was hoping I could set up a program that would look at all possible layouts, and rank them, and find the best one. Simply it would look at all possible positions of these blocks, and see what setup is the best rank. (the rank based on how many of these can be connected by a roadway system of 1x1 road blocks, and how many squares can be left empty after this is done. - wanting to fit the most blocks as possible with the least roads.) My question, is how should I traverse all the possibilities? I could take all the blocks and try them one at a time, but since all 2x2 blocks are equal, and there are a couple dozen of them, there is no point in trying every combination there, as in the following AA BBB AA BBB CCBBB CCEEE DD EEE DD EEE is exactly the same as CC EEE CC EEE AAEEE AABBB DD BBB DD BBB You notice that there are 2 3x3 blocks and 3 2x2 blocks in my two examples. Based on the model I have now, the computer would try both of these combinations, as well as many others. The problem is that it is going to try every single possible variation of my couple dozen 2x2 blocks. And that is sorely inefficient. Is there a reasonable way to take out this duplicated work, somehow getting the computer program to treat all 2x2 blocks as equal/identical, instead of one requiring rearranging/swapping of these identical blocks? Can this be done?

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  • OpenGL profiling with AMD PerfStudio 2

    - by Aurus
    I'm rendering just a really small amount of polygons for my UI but however I still tried to increase the FPS. In the end I removed redundant calls which increased the FPS. I really don't want to lose FPS for nothing so I keep looking for more improvements. The first thing I noticed is the "huge" time where no calls are made before SwapBuffer (the black one). Well I know that OpenGL works asynchronous so SwapBuffer has to wait until everything is done. But shouldn't PerfStudio mark this time also as black ? Correct me If I am wrong. The second thing I noticed is that some glUniform2f calls just take longer (the brown ones). I mean they should all upload 2floats to the GPU how can the time be so different from call to call. The program isn't even changed or something like that. I also tried to look at other programs like gDebugger or CodeXL but they often crashed and they show less statistics (only # of calls or redundant calls etc.) EDIT: I also realized that the draw calls also have different durations, which was obvious for me but sometimes drawing more vertices is faster than drawing less vertices.

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  • How do I know if my game's average game session time is too small?

    - by you786
    My game has only one life, and the aim is to stay alive as long as possible to get as many points as possible (it's an endless runner). Using Google Analytics I found that players are staying alive for an average of 17 seconds. I could easily increase or decrease this by manipulating acceleration or starting speed. The question is, should I change it at all? Is there any research or general ideas on the best playing time for a game like this? I would also like to know about any research about how long an ideal mobile game session should last.

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  • My frustum culling is culling from the wrong point

    - by Xbetas
    I'm having problems with my frustum being in the wrong origin. It follows the rotation of my camera but not the position. In my camera class I'm generating a view-matrix: void Camera::Update() { UpdateViewMatrix(); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); //glLoadIdentity(); glLoadMatrixf(GetViewMatrix().m); } Then extracting the planes using the projection matrix and modelview matrix: void UpdateFrustum() { Matrix4x4 projection, model, clip; glGetFloatv(GL_PROJECTION_MATRIX, projection.m); glGetFloatv(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, model.m); clip = model * projection; m_Planes[RIGHT][0] = clip.m[ 3] - clip.m[ 0]; m_Planes[RIGHT][1] = clip.m[ 7] - clip.m[ 4]; m_Planes[RIGHT][2] = clip.m[11] - clip.m[ 8]; m_Planes[RIGHT][3] = clip.m[15] - clip.m[12]; NormalizePlane(RIGHT); m_Planes[LEFT][0] = clip.m[ 3] + clip.m[ 0]; m_Planes[LEFT][1] = clip.m[ 7] + clip.m[ 4]; m_Planes[LEFT][2] = clip.m[11] + clip.m[ 8]; m_Planes[LEFT][3] = clip.m[15] + clip.m[12]; NormalizePlane(LEFT); m_Planes[BOTTOM][0] = clip.m[ 3] + clip.m[ 1]; m_Planes[BOTTOM][1] = clip.m[ 7] + clip.m[ 5]; m_Planes[BOTTOM][2] = clip.m[11] + clip.m[ 9]; m_Planes[BOTTOM][3] = clip.m[15] + clip.m[13]; NormalizePlane(BOTTOM); m_Planes[TOP][0] = clip.m[ 3] - clip.m[ 1]; m_Planes[TOP][1] = clip.m[ 7] - clip.m[ 5]; m_Planes[TOP][2] = clip.m[11] - clip.m[ 9]; m_Planes[TOP][3] = clip.m[15] - clip.m[13]; NormalizePlane(TOP); m_Planes[NEAR][0] = clip.m[ 3] + clip.m[ 2]; m_Planes[NEAR][1] = clip.m[ 7] + clip.m[ 6]; m_Planes[NEAR][2] = clip.m[11] + clip.m[10]; m_Planes[NEAR][3] = clip.m[15] + clip.m[14]; NormalizePlane(NEAR); m_Planes[FAR][0] = clip.m[ 3] - clip.m[ 2]; m_Planes[FAR][1] = clip.m[ 7] - clip.m[ 6]; m_Planes[FAR][2] = clip.m[11] - clip.m[10]; m_Planes[FAR][3] = clip.m[15] - clip.m[14]; NormalizePlane(FAR); } void NormalizePlane(int side) { float length = 1.0/(float)sqrt(m_Planes[side][0] * m_Planes[side][0] + m_Planes[side][1] * m_Planes[side][1] + m_Planes[side][2] * m_Planes[side][2]); m_Planes[side][0] /= length; m_Planes[side][1] /= length; m_Planes[side][2] /= length; m_Planes[side][3] /= length; } And check against it with: bool PointInFrustum(float x, float y, float z) { for(int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { if( m_Planes[i][0] * x + m_Planes[i][1] * y + m_Planes[i][2] * z + m_Planes[i][3] <= 0 ) return false; } return true; } Then i render using: camera->Update(); UpdateFrustum(); int numCulled = 0; for(int i = 0; i < (int)meshes.size(); i++) { if(!PointInFrustum(meshCenter.x, meshCenter.y, meshCenter.z)) { meshes[i]->SetDraw(false); numCulled++; } else meshes[i]->SetDraw(true); } What am i doing wrong?

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  • how to add water effect to an image

    - by brainydexter
    This is what I am trying to achieve: A given image would occupy say 3/4th height of the screen. The remaining 1/4th area would be a reflection of it with some waves (water effect) on it. I'm not sure how to do this. But here's my approach: render the given texture to another texture called mirror texture (maybe FBOs can help me?) invert mirror texture (scale it by -1 along Y) render mirror texture at height = 3/4 of the screen add some sense of noise to it OR using pixel shader and time, put pixel.z = sin(time) to make it wavy (Tech: C++/OpenGL/glsl) Is my approach correct ? Is there a better way to do this ? Also, can someone please recommend me if using FrameBuffer Objects would be the right thing here ? Thanks

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  • Storing game objects with generic object information

    - by Mick
    In a simple game object class, you might have something like this: public abstract class GameObject { protected String name; // other properties protected double x, y; public GameObject(String name, double x, double y) { // etc } // setters, getters } I was thinking, since a lot of game objects (ex. generic monsters) will share the same name, movement speed, attack power, etc, it would be better to have all that information shared between all monsters of the same type. So I decided to have an abstract class "ObjectData" to hold all this shared information. So whenever I create a generic monster, I would use the same pre-created "ObjectData" for it. Now the above class becomes more like this: public abstract class GameObject { protected ObjectData data; protected double x, y; public GameObject(ObjectData data, double x, double y) { // etc } // setters, getters public String getName() { return data.getName(); } } So to tailor this specifically for a Monster (could be done in a very similar way for Npcs, etc), I would add 2 classes. Monster which extends GameObject, and MonsterData which extends ObjectData. Now I'll have something like this: public class Monster extends GameObject { public Monster(MonsterData data, double x, double y) { super(data, x, y); } } This is where my design question comes in. Since MonsterData would hold data specific to a generic monster (and would vary with what say NpcData holds), what would be the best way to access this extra information in a system like this? At the moment, since the data variable is of type ObjectData, I'll have to cast data to MonsterData whenever I use it inside the Monster class. One solution I thought of is this, but this might be bad practice: public class Monster extends GameObject { private MonsterData data; // <- this part here public Monster(MonsterData data, double x, double y) { super(data, x, y); this.data = data; // <- this part here } } I've read that for one I should generically avoid overwriting the underlying classes variables. What do you guys think of this solution? Is it bad practice? Do you have any better solutions? Is the design in general bad? How should I redesign this if it is? Thanks in advanced for any replies, and sorry about the long question. Hopefully it all makes sense!

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  • RPG level-experience formula [closed]

    - by Comy
    I want to make an RPG game and I would like an advice on how should I create my level-experience formula. I saw this formula http://rsdo.net/rsdonline/guides/Experience%20formula.html#PHP and I created a formula myself and I want to ask you which would be better. RuneScape rates My rates Level 2 - 83 xp Level 2 - 35 Level 3 - 174 xp Level 3 - 84 Level 4 - 276 xp Level 4 - 150 Level 5 - 388 xp Level 5 - 238 Level 10 - 1,154 xp Level 10 - 1,087 Level 100 - 14,391,160 xp Level 100 - 311,017 As you can see at level 100 RuneScape's xp is very big and my level 100 is equal with RuneScape's Level 61. Is it better if the xp grows very fast at one point or depends on how I make my game?

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  • Matrix.CreateBillboard centre rotation problem

    - by Chris88
    I'm having an issue with Matrix.CreateBillboard and a textured Quad where the center axis seems to be positioned incorrectly to the quad object which is rotating around a center point: Using: BasicEffect quadEffect; Drawing the quad shape: Left = Vector3.Cross(Normal, Up); Vector3 uppercenter = (Up * height / 2) + origin; LowerLeft = uppercenter + (Left * width / 2); LowerRight = uppercenter - (Left * width / 2); UpperLeft = LowerLeft - (Up * height); UpperRight = LowerRight - (Up * height); Where height and width are float values passed in (it draws a square) Draw method: quadEffect.View = camera.view; quadEffect.Projection = camera.projection; quadEffect.World = Matrix.CreateBillboard(Origin, camera.cameraPosition, Vector3.Up, camera.cameraDirection); GraphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.Additive; foreach (EffectPass pass in quadEffect.CurrentTechnique.Passes) { pass.Apply(); GraphicsDevice.DrawUserIndexedPrimitives <VertexPositionNormalTexture>( PrimitiveType.TriangleList, Vertices, 0, 4, Indexes, 0, 2); } GraphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.Opaque; In the screenshots below i draw the image at Vector3(32f, 0f, 32f) The screenshots below show you the position of the quad in relation to the red cross. The red cross shows where it should be drawn http://i.imgur.com/YwRYj.jpg http://i.imgur.com/ZtoHL.jpg It rotates around the red cross position

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  • 3D Vector "End Point" Calculation for procedural Vector Graphics

    - by FrostFlame64
    Alright, So I need some help with some Vector Math. I've developing some game Engines that have Procedural Fractal Generation for Some Graphics, such as using Lindenmayer Systems for generating Trees and Plants. L-Systems, are drawn by using Turtle Graphics, which is a form of Vector graphics. I first created a system to draw in 2D Graphics, which works perfectly fine. But now I want to make a 3D equivalent, and I’ve run into an issue. For my 2D Version, I created a Method for quickly determining the “End Point” of a Vector-like movement. Given a starting point (X, Y), a direction (between 0 and 360 degrees), and a distance, the end point is calculated by these formulas: newX = startX + distance * Sin((PI * direction) / 180) newY = startY + distance * Cos((PI * direction) / 180) Now I need something Similarly Equivalent for performing this Calculation in 3D, But I haven’t been able to Google anything that could show me how to do this. I'm flexible enough to get whatever required information is needed for this method calculation, in any reasonable form (Vector3, Quaternion, ect). To summarize: Given a starting point/vector position in 3D space (X, Y, Z), a Direction in 3D space (Vector3, Quaternion, ect), and a Distance, I need to find the “End Point” in 3D Space. Thank you for your time and help.

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  • Importing FBX with multiple meshes in UDK

    - by andresp
    I need to import into UDK a several amount of FBX models (representing buildings) which are composed by various submeshes (walls, windows, roof...). I need to keep the individual meshes (can't use the merge option) but I also need to work with the building as a whole. Do you know if this is possible? How? Also, is there a way to keep the textures assignment for the FBX models after importing them to Unreal? Doing the process manually (importing model, importing texture, assign to the material, assign the material to each mesh and submesh) for 100 or 200 models (to import an entire city from City Engine), isn't viable.

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  • Point[] and Tri not "could not be found"

    - by Craig Dannehl
    Hi I'm trying to learn how to load a .obj file using OpenTK in windows Forms. I have seen a lot of examples out there, but I do see almost everyone uses List, and Point[]. Code example show these highlighted like there IDE know what these are; for example List<Tri> tris = new List<Tri>(); but mine just returns "The type or namespace name 'Tri' could not be found" is there an include I need to add or a using I am missing. Currently have this using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.IO; using System.Drawing; using OpenTK; using OpenTK.Graphics; using OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL;

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  • Breakout... Getting the ball reflection X angle when htitting paddle / bricks

    - by Steven Wilson
    Im currently creating a breakout clone for my first ever C# / XNA game. Currently Ive had little trouble creating the paddle object, ball object, and all the bricks. The issue im currently having is getting the ball to bounce off of the paddle and bricks correctly based off of where the ball touches the object. This is my forumala thus far: if (paddleLocation.Intersects(ballLocation)) { position.Y = paddleLocation.Y - texture.Height; motion.Y *= -1; // determine X motion.X = 1 - 2 * (ballLocation.X - paddleLocation.X) / (paddleLocation.Width / 2); } The problem is, the ball goes the opposite direction then its supposed to. When the ball hits the left side of the paddle, instead of bouncing back to the left, it bounces right, and vise versa. Does anyone know what the math equation is to fix this?

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  • 3D zooming technique to maintain the relative position of an object on screen

    - by stark
    Is it possible to zoom to a certain point on screen by modifying the field of view and rotating the view of the camera as to keep that point/object in the same place on screen while zooming ? Changing the camera position is not allowed. I projected the 3D pos of the object on screen and remembered it. Then on each frame I calculate the direction to it in camera space and then I construct a rotation matrix to align this direction to Z axis (in cam space). After this, I calculate the direction from the camera to the object in world space and transform this vector with the matrix I obtained earlier and then use this final vector as the camera's new direction. And it's actually "kinda working", the problem is that it is more/less off than the camera's rotation before starting to zoom depending on the area you are trying to zoom in (larger error on edges/corners). It looks acceptable, but I'm not settling for only this. Any suggestions/resources for doing this technique perfectly? If some of you want to explain the math in detail, be my guest, I can understand these things well.

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  • How to build a "traffic AI"?

    - by Lunikon
    A project I am working on right now features a lot of "traffic" in the sense of cars moving along roads, aircraft moving aroun an apron etc. As of now the available paths are precalculated, so nodes are generated automatically for crossings which themselves are interconnected by edges. When a character/agent spawns into the world it starts at some node and finds a path to a target node by means of a simply A* algorithm. The agent follows the path and ultimately reaches its destination. No problem so far. Now I need to enable the agents to avoid collisions and to handle complex traffic situations. Since I'm new to the field of AI I looked up several papers/articles on steering behavior but found them to be too low-level. My problem consists less of the actual collision avoidance (which is rather simple in this case because the agents follow strictly defined paths) but of situations like one agent leaving a dead-end while another one wants to enter exactly the same one. Or two agents meeting at a bottleneck which only allows one agent to pass at a time but both need to pass it (according to the optimal route found before) and they need to find a way to let the other one pass first. So basically the main aspect of the problem would be predicting traffic movement to avoid dead-locks. Difficult to describe, but I guess you get what I mean. Do you have any recommendations for me on where to start looking? Any papers, sample projects or similar things that could get me started? I appreciate your help!

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  • How can I determine if a cube is adjacent to another cube, and optimize its buffers if so?

    - by Christian Frantz
    I'm trying to optimize the rendering of a collection of cubes, (based on an answer I was given to another question I asked). I understand the logic behind occlusion culling, but I'm having trouble with the code. When I create a cube, I want to determine if that cube is touching another existing cube, and if so I don't want to generate the redundant data in my vertex or index buffers. I'm planning on making a method that I call from my cube constructor so that everytime I create a cube, these checks are made, and neither occluded face is ever drawn. How would I go about this?

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  • Kinect Hand tracking in xna

    - by N0xus
    I'm trying to create an application using the Kinect to simulate the following project: Kinect Hand Tracking I want my project to have similar usability with the Kinect tracking hand and finger positions for use in a menu system, or to navigate another system. What I would like to know is; is it possible for the exact same to be accomplished in XNA using Kinect? I know that it can be done in Winform / C#, but I know XNA / C# a lot better and would (ideally) prefer to use that.

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  • How do I cap rendering of tiles in a 2D game with SDL?

    - by farmdve
    I have some boilerplate code working, I basically have a tile based map composed of just 3 colors, and some walls and render with SDL. The tiles are in a bmp file, but each tile inside it corresponds to an internal number of the type of tile(color, or wall). I have pretty basic collision detection and it works, I can also detetc continuous presses, which allows me to move pretty much anywhere I want. I also have a moving camera, which follows the object. The problem is that, the tile based map is bigger than the resolution, thus not all of the map can be displayed on the screen, but it's still rendered. I would like to cap it, but since this is new to me, I pretty much have no idea. Although I cannot post all the code, as even though I am a newbie and the code pretty basic, it's already quite a few lines, I can post what I tried to do void set_camera() { //Center the camera over the dot camera.x = ( player.box.x + DOT_WIDTH / 2 ) - SCREEN_WIDTH / 2; camera.y = ( player.box.y + DOT_HEIGHT / 2 ) - SCREEN_HEIGHT / 2; //Keep the camera in bounds. if(camera.x < 0 ) { camera.x = 0; } if(camera.y < 0 ) { camera.y = 0; } if(camera.x > LEVEL_WIDTH - camera.w ) { camera.x = LEVEL_WIDTH - camera.w; } if(camera.y > LEVEL_HEIGHT - camera.h ) { camera.y = LEVEL_HEIGHT - camera.h; } } set_camera() is the function which calculates the camera position based on the player's positions. I won't pretend I know much about it. Rectangle box = {0,0,0,0}; for(int t = 0; t < TOTAL_TILES; t++) { if(box.x < (camera.x - TILE_WIDTH) || box.y > (camera.y - TILE_HEIGHT)) apply_surface(box.x - camera.x, box.y - camera.y, surface, screen, &clips[tiles[t]]); box.x += TILE_WIDTH; //If we've gone too far if(box.x >= LEVEL_WIDTH) { //Move back box.x = 0; //Move to the next row box.y += TILE_HEIGHT; } } This is basically my render code. The for loop loops over 192 tiles stored in an int array, each with their own unique value describing the tile type(wall or one of three possible colored tiles). box is an SDL_Rect containing the current position of the tile, which is calculated on render. TILE_HEIGHT and TILE_WIDTH are of value 80. So the cap is determined by if(box.x < (camera.x - TILE_WIDTH) || box.y > (camera.y - TILE_HEIGHT)) However, this is just me playing with the values and see what doesn't break it. I pretty much have no idea how to calculate it. My screen resolution is 1024/768, and the tile map is of size 1280/960.

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  • Loading and drawing materials using Lib3ds

    - by Dfowj
    Hey all, i'm currently using Lib3ds to load models into my C++/OpenGL project. So far, i've been follow the model loading tutorial found here. The tutorial gives a good example of how to draw the vertices and normals using VBO's, but so far i've been lost as how to do the same thing with materials. Could i get an explanation/example of how to both load and draw materials of my meshes using Lib3ds and OpenGL?

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  • Beggining OpenGL vs beggining DirectX and some question about the philosophical difference between them

    - by jokoon
    I'm begginning with Direct X at school, and my teacher said it was harder to begin with than OpenGL, but I read several things that in fact, Direct X was more advanced than OpenGL in terms of recent graphic cards features. Since I'm far from wanting to do top notch effects, which can already be implemented with existing engines and/or shaders, I wanted to know your opinion: Can OpenGL be considered like a more basic, KISS, hardware agnostic, graphic library to just do 3D with acceleration, and consider DirectX like a top notch, game-oriented graphic API that will always support the next-gen 3D chips ? Citation from wikipedia on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Id_Tech_5 : John Carmack mentioned in his keynote at QuakeCon 2007 that the id Tech 5 engine will not be using the DirectX 10 API. I don't want to seem like I'm minding open source because Carmack does and because he is famous, it's just that android and iPhone are out there, and Direct X doesn't seems to me to be the necessary API to know, since Windows supports OpenGL, and since the 360 is just a console among other consoles.

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  • How is the gimbal locked problem solved using accumulative matrix transformations

    - by Luke San Antonio
    I am reading the online "Learning Modern 3D Graphics Programming" book by Jason L. McKesson As of now, I am up to the gimbal lock problem and how to solve it using quaternions. However right here, at the Quaternions page. Part of the problem is that we are trying to store an orientation as a series of 3 accumulated axial rotations. Orientations are orientations, not rotations. And orientations are certainly not a series of rotations. So we need to treat the orientation of the ship as an orientation, as a specific quantity. I guess this is the first spot I start to get confused, the reason is because I don't see the dramatic difference between orientations and rotations. I also don't understand why an orientation cannot be represented by a series of rotations... Also: The first thought towards this end would be to keep the orientation as a matrix. When the time comes to modify the orientation, we simply apply a transformation to this matrix, storing the result as the new current orientation. This means that every yaw, pitch, and roll applied to the current orientation will be relative to that current orientation. Which is precisely what we need. If the user applies a positive yaw, you want that yaw to rotate them relative to where they are current pointing, not relative to some fixed coordinate system. The concept, I understand, however I don't understand how if accumulating matrix transformations is a solution to this problem, how the code given in the previous page isn't just that. Here's the code: void display() { glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glClearDepth(1.0f); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glutil::MatrixStack currMatrix; currMatrix.Translate(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -200.0f)); currMatrix.RotateX(g_angles.fAngleX); DrawGimbal(currMatrix, GIMBAL_X_AXIS, glm::vec4(0.4f, 0.4f, 1.0f, 1.0f)); currMatrix.RotateY(g_angles.fAngleY); DrawGimbal(currMatrix, GIMBAL_Y_AXIS, glm::vec4(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f)); currMatrix.RotateZ(g_angles.fAngleZ); DrawGimbal(currMatrix, GIMBAL_Z_AXIS, glm::vec4(1.0f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f)); glUseProgram(theProgram); currMatrix.Scale(3.0, 3.0, 3.0); currMatrix.RotateX(-90); //Set the base color for this object. glUniform4f(baseColorUnif, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0); glUniformMatrix4fv(modelToCameraMatrixUnif, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(currMatrix.Top())); g_pObject->Render("tint"); glUseProgram(0); glutSwapBuffers(); } To my understanding, isn't what he is doing (modifying a matrix on a stack) considered accumulating matrices, since the author combined all the individual rotation transformations into one matrix which is being stored on the top of the stack. My understanding of a matrix is that they are used to take a point which is relative to an origin (let's say... the model), and make it relative to another origin (the camera). I'm pretty sure this is a safe definition, however I feel like there is something missing which is blocking me from understanding this gimbal lock problem. One thing that doesn't make sense to me is: If a matrix determines the difference relative between two "spaces," how come a rotation around the Y axis for, let's say, roll, doesn't put the point in "roll space" which can then be transformed once again in relation to this roll... In other words shouldn't any further transformations to this point be in relation to this new "roll space" and therefore not have the rotation be relative to the previous "model space" which is causing the gimbal lock. That's why gimbal lock occurs right? It's because we are rotating the object around set X, Y, and Z axes rather than rotating the object around it's own, relative axes. Or am I wrong? Since apparently this code I linked in isn't an accumulation of matrix transformations can you please give an example of a solution using this method. So in summary: What is the difference between a rotation and an orientation? Why is the code linked in not an example of accumulation of matrix transformations? What is the real, specific purpose of a matrix, if I had it wrong? How could a solution to the gimbal lock problem be implemented using accumulation of matrix transformations? Also, as a bonus: Why are the transformations after the rotation still relative to "model space?" Another bonus: Am I wrong in the assumption that after a transformation, further transformations will occur relative to the current? Also, if it wasn't implied, I am using OpenGL, GLSL, C++, and GLM, so examples and explanations in terms of these are greatly appreciated, if not necessary. The more the detail the better! Thanks in advance...

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  • how to label a cuboid using open gl?

    - by usha
    hi this is how my 3dcuboid looks ,i have attached complete code , i want to label this cuboid using different name across sides how is it possible using opengl in android...plz help me out public class MyGLRenderer implements Renderer { Context context; Cuboid rect; private float mCubeRotation; // private static float angleCube = 0; // Rotational angle in degree for cube (NEW) // private static float speedCube = -1.5f; // Rotational speed for cube (NEW) public MyGLRenderer(Context context) { rect = new Cuboid(); this.context = context; } public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); gl.glLoadIdentity(); // Reset the model-view matrix gl.glTranslatef(0.2f, 0.0f, -8.0f); // Translate right and into the screen gl.glScalef(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f); // Scale down (NEW) gl.glRotatef(mCubeRotation, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // gl.glRotatef(angleCube, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // rotate about the axis (1,1,1) (NEW) rect.draw(gl); mCubeRotation -= 0.15f; //angleCube += speedCube; } public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if (height == 0) height = 1; // To prevent divide by zero float aspect = (float)width / height; // Set the viewport (display area) to cover the entire window gl.glViewport(0, 0, width, height); // Setup perspective projection, with aspect ratio matches viewport gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_PROJECTION); // Select projection matrix gl.glLoadIdentity(); // Reset projection matrix // Use perspective projection GLU.gluPerspective(gl, 45, aspect, 0.1f, 100.f); gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW); // Select model-view matrix gl.glLoadIdentity(); // Reset } public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub gl.glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // Set color's clear-value to black gl.glClearDepthf(1.0f); // Set depth's clear-value to farthest gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_DEPTH_TEST); // Enables depth-buffer for hidden surface removal gl.glDepthFunc(GL10.GL_LEQUAL); // The type of depth testing to do gl.glHint(GL10.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL10.GL_NICEST); // nice perspective view gl.glShadeModel(GL10.GL_SMOOTH); // Enable smooth shading of color gl.glDisable(GL10.GL_DITHER); // Disable dithering for better performance }} public class Cuboid{ private FloatBuffer mVertexBuffer; private FloatBuffer mColorBuffer; private ByteBuffer mIndexBuffer; private float vertices[] = { //width,height,depth -2.5f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -2.5f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -2.5f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -2.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; private float colors[] = { // R,G,B,A COLOR 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; private byte indices[] = { // VERTEX 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 REPRESENTATION FOR FACES 0, 4, 5, 0, 5, 1, 1, 5, 6, 1, 6, 2, 2, 6, 7, 2, 7, 3, 3, 7, 4, 3, 4, 0, 4, 7, 6, 4, 6, 5, 3, 0, 1, 3, 1, 2 }; public Cuboid() { ByteBuffer byteBuf = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertices.length * 4); byteBuf.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); mVertexBuffer = byteBuf.asFloatBuffer(); mVertexBuffer.put(vertices); mVertexBuffer.position(0); byteBuf = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(colors.length * 4); byteBuf.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); mColorBuffer = byteBuf.asFloatBuffer(); mColorBuffer.put(colors); mColorBuffer.position(0); mIndexBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(indices.length); mIndexBuffer.put(indices); mIndexBuffer.position(0); } public void draw(GL10 gl) { gl.glFrontFace(GL10.GL_CW); gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, mVertexBuffer); gl.glColorPointer(4, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, mColorBuffer); gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY); gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLES, 36, GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, mIndexBuffer); gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY); } } public class Draw3drect extends Activity { private GLSurfaceView glView; // Use GLSurfaceView // Call back when the activity is started, to initialize the view @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); glView = new GLSurfaceView(this); // Allocate a GLSurfaceView glView.setRenderer(new MyGLRenderer(this)); // Use a custom renderer this.setContentView(glView); // This activity sets to GLSurfaceView } // Call back when the activity is going into the background @Override protected void onPause() { super.onPause(); glView.onPause(); } // Call back after onPause() @Override protected void onResume() { super.onResume(); glView.onResume(); } }

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  • ScreenManagement how do I had different controls?

    - by DiasFrancisco
    I saw a question here using DataTemplates with WPF for ScreenManagement, I was curious and I gave it a try I think the ideia is amazing and very clean. Though I'm new to WPF and I read a lot of times that almost everything should be made in XAML and very little should be "coded behind". My questions resolves about using the datatemplate ideia, WHERE should the code that calls the transitions be? where should I define which commands are avaiable in which screens. For example: [ScreenA] Commands: Pressing B - Goes to state B Pressing ESC - Exits [ScreenB] Commands: Pressing A - Goes to state A Pressing SPACE - Exits where do I define the keyEventHandlers? and where do I call the next screen? I'm doing this as an hobby for learning and "if you are learning, better learn it right" :) Thank you for your time.

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  • Easiest turn-base games you can think of?

    - by Edgar Miranda
    I'm planning to get into the process of programming multiplayer turn-base games. I would like to start off by making some of the simplest (yet fun) multiplayer turn-base games out there. What are some that you can provide? For example... Tic-Tac-Toe Rock-Paper-Scissors Checkers Some not so easy games... 4 in a row chess poker In terms of "ease" of implementation I'm mainly looking at logic. For example, Rock-Paper-Scissors has very simple logic, while chess has logic that is more complicated. So far I have the following: Hexagon Heroes of Might and Magic Nine Men's Morris Connect 4 21 (card game) Pen the Pig (The Dot game) Memory Match

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