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• 530 5.7.1 Client was not authenticated Exchange 2010 for some computers within mask

  - by user1636309

  We have a classic problem with Client not Authenticated but with a specific twist: We have an Exchange 2010 cluster, let's say EX01 and EX02, the connection is always to smtp.acme.com, then it is switched through load balancer. We have an application server, call it APP01 There are clients connected to the APP01. There is a need for anonymous mail relay from both clients and APP01. The Anonymous Users setting of the Exchange is DISABLED, but the specific computers - APP01 and clients by the mask, let's say, 192.168.2.* - are enabled. For internal relay, a "Send Connector" is created, and then the above IP addresses are added for the connector to allow computers, servers, or any other device such as a copy machine to use the exchange server to relay email to recipients. The problem is that the relay works for APP01 and some clients, but not others (we get "Client not Authenticated") - all inside the same network and the same mask. This is basically what we do to test it outside of our application: http://smtp25.blogspot.sk/2009/04/530-571-client-was-not-authenticated.html So, I am looking for ideas: What can be the reason for such a strange behaviour? Where I can see the trace of what's going on at the Exchange side?

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• How does one make sure or even guarantee server time are sync correctly between dozens of servers across multiple datacenter on different location?

  - by forestclown

  Currently our web applications contain a logic to check if the data sent to the web server is expired or not by comparing the timestamp of the data with the date/time of the server. Everything goes will, until some dude from data center accidentally modify one of the web server date/time and causes some disruptions in our web services. My managers are of course not happy with this, and said we shouldn't use timestamp to check expiry in the first place...anyway.... Network Time Protocol is implemented, because of data centers are spread across different continents so we have one NTP server in each data center. The servers within the data center will have cron jobs to check against the time with their NTP server from the same data center. If time is out of sync it will auto update the server date/time. But then with our managers not happy with it, and think it could still easily causes the same problem. e.g. what if someone accidentally modify the NTP date/time? what if all the NTP servers are out of sync with each other? which NTP servers we can really trust? and blah blah.. So my questions are: What are the current practice to sync date/time between servers across multiple data centers or locations? How does one manages time stamp between web apps? e.g. Server A send data (contain timestamp of Server A) to Server B (compare timestamp between Server B and the timestamp from the data to see if it has expired or not. This is to avoid HTTP replay) Should we really not use timestamp check? Thanks & Best Regards

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• IP Phone over VPN - one way calls unless default route?

  - by dannymcc

  I have come across a strange problem with our VPN and BCM 50 (Nortel/Avaya) phone system. As you can tell by my other questions I have been doing some work on setting a VPN up from one location to another and it's all working well. With one exception. We have an IP phone that is connected at the remote location, straight to a router which has a VPN tunnel to our main practice. The phone works mostly, but every few calls it turns into a one way call. As in, the caller (from the remote phone) can't hear the receiver- but the receiver can hear the caller. This is fixed by setting the VPN tunnel to be the default route for all traffic. The problem with fixing it that way is that all traffic then goes through the tunnel which slows internet access etc. down considerably. The router is set to send the following over the VPN: 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.4.0/24 The IP of the remote location is: 192.168.3.0/24 The remote router (where the phone is) is a Draytek 2830n, and the local router (at the main practice) is a Draytek 2820. We are using an IPSec tunnel with AES encryption <- as a result of a previous answer pointing to the incompatibility in the hardware encryption. Any advice would be appreciated!

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• AWS VPC public web application connecting to database via VPN

  - by Chris

  What I am trying to do is set up a web application that is public facing but makes calls to a database that is on an internal network. I have been trying to set up an AWS VPC with a public subnet, private subnet, and hardware VPN access but I can't seem to get it to work. Can someone help me understand what the process flow here should be? My understanding is that I need a public subnet to handle the website requests and then a private subnet to connect to the VPN but what I do not understand is how to send requests down the chain and get the response. Basically what I am asking is how can I query the database via VPN from that public website? I've tried during rout forwarding but I can't successfully complete the process. Does anyone have any advice on something I can read on this subject or an FAQ on setting something like this up? Is it even possible? I'm out of my league here, this is not my area of expertise but I'm being asked to solve this problem. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks

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• Recover data from physically damaged harddrive. What are my options?

  - by Michael Kniskern

  I was trying to replace the power supply in my desktop PC and ended up physically damaging the data connection from the hard drive to the motherboard. The plastic shelf for the copper prongs on the hard drive broke into the cable. Here is a picture of my handy work: I went to Best Buy Geek Squad to discuss my options and they said that they will need to send it to the recover center it could cost anywhere between $250 to $1600 USD to recover the data out the hard drive Is this reasonable for data recovery from a physically damaged hard drive? Are there any other options I can explore? I am going to talk to the data doctors to see what my options are. Update I took the HD to Data Doctors, and they told me that the SATA connection was broken to they would need to replaced the data connector and then copy the data to a brand new hard drive. So, with the initial analysis, cost of replacement parts, and data recovery fee it came out to $865.00 USD. The technician specifically stated if this was an older hard drive that would just need to replace the data connector. But because there is specific information related to the individual hard drive in the flash ROM, they need to transfer the data to a brand new hard drive.

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• Postfix: Modify sender address based on recipient

  - by PJ P

  We have a Postfix server that receives mail from our application servers. Senders are in the form [email protected] (where host.fqdn can vary, depending on source server) and recipients can be internal or external users. Messages going to external users should have the sender changed to [email protected]. I have tried using canonical maps, but since that is handled by the cleanup daemon, before any transport decisions are made, it would affect all sender addresses. I have also tried creating a custom smtp transport with generic mappings and configuring transport_maps to use that custom smtp transport for external domains. However, generic mappings affect both sender and recipient addresses. Lastly, I've tried the following: Create a custom smtpd daemon that specifies sender canonical maps and a unique transport table. Send all externally addressed mail to that custom daemon. Ideally, sender canonical maps would transform the sender address and the unique transport table would relay messages to the internet. However, evidently, only one transport table can be used per Postfix instance. I want to avoid creating an entirely new Postfix instance to accommodate this rewriting. Any suggestions? (and thanks in advance)

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• Moving a lotus database causes incoming mail failure

  - by Logman

  Hey all, I moved a couple lotus note databases to another hd (ran out of space) by using a directory link/pointer on the domino server. USed a text file with the .DIR ext with the desired new path etc... well that works fine. I open up a lotus notes client, use the id and then OPEN the database. The directory link works fine, the new location of the db is opened with no problems. We found out that we couldnt FORWARD any mail: We did the following to make it work: Goto menu FILE|MOBILE|EDIT CURRENT LOCATION Goto tab MAIL and enter the correct path for "Mail File:" example: it should read "mail\morespace\flabor" and not "mail\flabor" "morespace" = directory link/pointer we can forward and reply to emails fine after that fix. The problem is that the user has no incoming email. Domino is still trying to send the incoming mail of that user to its old db location "mail\flabor" instead of "mail\morespace\flabor". Delivery error saying user does not exist. Is this a cache problem? We have reset the server ("Q" at the prompt), though we have not completely shut it down though. Thanks Frank

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• Membership in two domains

  - by imagodei

  Hello! I would your suggestions for an effective solution for a person, who needs to access resources in two Windows domains and wants to use one computer. It's about our CEO, who has accepted a second position in another company. Accessing files and folders isn't big problem. The greatest challenge I see is that he wants to conveniently access Exchange accounts in both companies; he would like to send and receive mail in single Outlook if possible (two profiles?) There is also a challenge with calendars: he would like to have one calendar for all activities from both Exchange accounts. Creating a POP3 account for accessing second Exchange server is a last resort, because obviously there is a problem with scheduling meetings and other calendar related tasks. Forwarding and receiving all mail/tasks on primary Exchange server is inconvenient because simple replying to original sender is disabled; and also when manually changing the recepient, he will receive mail from the wrong address. We were considering Virtualisation, that is setting up an instance of virtual machine inside existing installation and then joining this virtual computer to a second domain. Then installing another MS Outlook. This would of course mean two different Outlook accounts, two different calendars, but would at least enable our CEO to access all information from a single laptop. Does anyone have any other idea? I know setting up two domains on a single computer is a no-go (without much hacking at least), but effective workarounds are appreciate. The thing I am looking here is high usage/efficiency/productivity, but also as elegant solution from the administration point of view. Thank you very much (if you managed to read this through, this is a good sign ^_^ )

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• How to prevent remote hosts from delivering mail to Postfix with spoofed From header?

  - by Hongli Lai

  I have a host, let's call it foo.com, on which I'm running Postfix on Debian. Postfix is currently configured to do these things: All mail with @foo.com as recipient is handled by this Postfix server. It forwards all such mail to my Gmail account. The firewall thus allows port 25. All mail with another domain as recipient is rejected. SPF records have been set up for the foo.com domain, saying that foo.com is the sole origin of all mail from @foo.com. Applications running on foo.com can connect to localhost:25 to deliver mail, with [email protected] as sender. However I recently noticed that some spammers are able to send spam to me while passing the SPF checks. Upon further inspection, it looks like they connect to my Postfix server and then say HELO bar.com MAIL FROM:<[email protected]> <---- this! RCPT TO:<[email protected]> DATA From: "Buy Viagra" <[email protected]> <--- and this! ... How do I prevent this? I only want applications running on localhost to be able to say MAIL FROM:<[email protected]>. Here's my current config (main.cf): https://gist.github.com/1283647

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• SSH into remote server using Public-private keys

  - by maria

  Hi, I have recently setup ssh on two linux machines (lets call them server-a, client-b). I have generated two ssh auth files on client-b machine using ssh key gen and can see both public and private files in .ssh dir. I have named them 'example' and 'example.pub'. Then I have added example.pub to sever-a's auth file. When I try to ssh into server-a it still requests a password authentication where as I want a password less login (private key on client-b is setup without password). When I try to ssh with '-v' .. get the following output: debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /Users/abc/.ssh/identity debug1: Offering public key: /Users/abc/.ssh/id_rsa debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug1: Offering public key: /Users/abc/.ssh/id_dsa debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug1: Next authentication method: keyboard-interactive debug2: userauth_kbdint debug2: we sent a keyboard-interactive packet, wait for reply debug2: input_userauth_info_req debug2: input_userauth_info_req: num_prompts 1 Password: Please help.

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• append $myorigin to localpart of 'from', append different domain to localpart of incomplete recipient address

  - by PJ P

  We have been having some trouble getting Postfix to behave in a very specific fashion in which sender and recipient addresses with only a localpart (i.e. no @domain) are handled differently. We have a number of applications that use mailx to send messages. We would like to know the username and hostname of the sending party. For example, if root sends an email from db001.company.local, we would like the email to be addressed from [email protected]. This is accomplished by ensuring $myorigin is set to $myhostname. We also want unqualified recipients to have a different domain appended. For example, if a message is sent to 'dbadmin' it should qualify to '[email protected]'. However, by the nature of Postfix and $myorigin, an unqualified recipient would instead qualify to [email protected]. We do not want to adjust the aliases on all servers to forward appropriately. (in fact, every possible recipient doesn't have an entry in /etc/passwd) All company employees have mailboxes on Exchange, which Postfix eventually routes to, and no local Linux/Unix mailboxes are used or access. We would love to tell our application owners to ensure they use a fully qualified email address for all recipients, but the powers that be dictate that any negligence must be accommodated. If we were to keep $myorigin equal to $myhostname, we could resolve this issue by having an entry such as the following in 'recipient_canonical_maps': @$myorigin @company.com However, unfortunately, we cannot use variables in these map files. We also want to avoid having to manually enter and maintain the actual hostname in 'recipient_canonical_maps' for each server. Perhaps once our servers are 'puppetized' we can dynamically adjust this file, but we're not there yet. After an afternoon of fiddling I've decided to reach out. Any thoughts? Thanks in advance.

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• Ubuntu Pound Reverse Proxy Load Balancing Based off active server load?

  - by Andrew

  I have Pound installed on a loadbalancer. It seems to work okay, except that it randomly assigns the backend server to forward the request to. I've put 1 backend machine under so much load that it went into using swap, and I can't even ssh into it to test this scenareo. I would like the loadbalancer to realize that the machine is overloaded, and send it to a different backend machine. However it doesn't. I've read the man page and it seems like the directive "DynScale 1" is what would monitor this, but it still redirects to the overloaded server. I've also put in "HAport 22" to the backend figuring since I can't ssh in, neither could the loadbalancer and it would consider the backend server dead until it gets rid of the load and responds, but that didn't help either. If anyone could help with this, I'd appreciate it. My current config is below. ###################################################################### ## global options: User "www-data" Group "www-data" #RootJail "/chroot/pound" ## Logging: (goes to syslog by default) ## 0 no logging ## 1 normal ## 2 extended ## 3 Apache-style (common log format) LogLevel 3 ## check backend every X secs: Alive 5 DynScale 1 Client 1200 TimeOut 1500 # poundctl control socket Control "/var/run/pound/poundctl.socket" ###################################################################### ## listen, redirect and ... to: ## redirect all requests on port 80 to SSL ListenHTTP Address 192.168.1.XX Port 80 Service Redirect "https://xxx.com/" End End ListenHTTPS Address 192.168.1.XX Port 443 Cert "/files/www.xxx.com.pem" Service BackEnd Address 192.168.1.1 Port 80 HAport 22 End BackEnd Address 192.168.1.2 Port 80 HAport 22 End End End

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• postfix smtp_fallback_relay for deferred messages to a single domain

  - by EdwardTeach

  I use Postfix to send messages to a mail server outside my organization which frequently rejects/defers my mail. My Postfix server sees that these messages are deferred and tries again, eventually getting through. Final delivery can take up to an hour, which makes my users unhappy. In comparison, mail from my Postfix server to other hosts works normally. I have now found out about a second, unofficial MX for this domain that does not reject/defer mail. This second MX does not appear when doing a DNS MX query for the domain. Therefore, for the problem domain I would like to use this second MX as a fallback. That is: whenever mail is deferred by the primary MX, try again on the unofficial second MX. I see that there is already a postfix configuration "smtp_fallback_relay". However the documentation seems to indicate that I can not restrict usage of the fallback to a single domain. The documentation also doesn't mention deferred message handling. So is there a way to configure a single-domain, deferred-retry fallback host in Postfix? For reference, I am including my postconf output (the host names and ip addresses are fake): alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases, hash:/etc/postfix/legacy_mailman, ldap:/etc/postfix/ldap-aliases.cf append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no config_directory = /etc/postfix default_destination_concurrency_limit = 2 inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = all local_destination_concurrency_limit = 2 local_recipient_maps = $alias_maps mailbox_size_limit = 0 mydestination = myhost.my.network, localhost.my.network, localhost, my.network myhostname = myhost.my.network mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8, [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104, [::1]/128, 10.10.10.0/24 myorigin = my.network readme_directory = no recipient_delimiter = + relay_domains = $mydestination relayhost = smtp_fallback_relay = the.problem.host smtp_header_checks = smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual

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• Backing up SQL NetApp Snapshots using TSM

  - by WerkkreW

  In our environment we have a 3 node SQL 2005 Cluster which is on NetApp storage. We are currently using SMSQL (NetApp SnapManager for SQL) to take Snapshot backups of the data. This works great, but due to some audit requirements we are also forced to maintain some copies on tape. We have used NDMP in other places across the enterprise but we do not want to use it in this specific instance. Basically what I need to do is, get the most recent snapshot copy of the databases on tape, via Tivoli Storage Manager (TSM). What I have done is, obtained a basic Windows Server 2003 VM with SnapDrive installed, which is SAN attached and zoned to the NetApp, and I have written a batch file to do the following: Mount the latest __RECENT snapshot lun to the host, using a specific drive letter Perform a TSM based incremental backup Dis-mount the LUN This seems to work fine, except sometimes the LUN's do not mount due to some sort of timeout. Also, due to my limited knowledge of windows batch scripting, I have no way to monitor the success or failure of these backups since I do not know how to send a valid return code back to the TSM scheduling service. Is there a more efficient/elegant way to accomplish this without NDMP?

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• Sending email with exim and external sender address

  - by Tronic

  i have following problem: i want to send emails with an rails webapp. i set up an exim server and when looking into the logs, the sending works, but the emails aren't sent really. i had the same problem with another isp. the sender address is hosted on another mailserver, other isp. i think the problem is, that sending doesn't work because the sener address isn't hosted on the same server. do you have any advice on this? the logs (exim) tell me the following: 2011-01-01 14:38:06 1PZ1eo-0000Ga-38 <= <> R=1PZ1eo-0000GY-1p U=Debian-exim P=local S=1778 2011-01-01 14:38:08 1PZ1eo-0000Ga-38 => [email protected] R=dnslookup T=remote_smtp H=mx1.emailsrvr.com [98.129.184.131] X=TLS1.0:RSA_AES_256_CBC_SHA1:32 DN="C=US,O=mx1.emailsrvr.com,OU=GT21850092,OU=See www.geotrust.com/resources/cps (c)08,OU=Domain Control Validated - QuickSSL(R),CN=mx1.emailsrvr.com" 2011-01-01 14:38:08 1PZ1eo-0000Ga-38 Completed [email protected] is the external sender-address! thank you! Edit with more details when sending a mail from command line with echo "Test" | mail -s Testmail [email protected] the logs says 2011-01-01 20:45:24 1PZ7OG-0001Vp-Rx <= root@gustav U=root P=local S=360 2011-01-01 20:45:26 1PZ7OG-0001Vp-Rx => [email protected] R=dnslookup T=remote_smtp H=gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com [209.85.229.27] X=TLS1.0:RSA_ARCFOUR_MD5:16 DN="C=US,ST=California,L=Mountain View,O=Google Inc,CN=mx.google.com" 2011-01-01 20:45:26 1PZ7OG-0001Vp-Rx Completed and i get the mail on my gmail account. but when sending by webapp (when testing locally with sendmail it works fine) i only get this log output 2011-01-01 20:50:08 1PZ7Sq-0001X9-L4 <= <> R=1PZ7Sq-0001X7-Jo U=Debian-exim P=local S=1780 2011-01-01 20:50:11 1PZ7Sq-0001X9-L4 => [email protected] R=dnslookup T=remote_smtp H=mx1.emailsrvr.com [98.129.184.3] X=TLS1.0:RSA_AES_256_CBC_SHA1:32 DN="C=US,O=mx1.emailsrvr.com,OU=GT21850092,OU=See www.geotrust.com/resources/cps (c)08,OU=Domain Control Validated - QuickSSL(R),CN=mx1.emailsrvr.com" 2011-01-01 20:50:11 1PZ7Sq-0001X9-L4 Completed

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• Local references to old server name remain after Windows 2003 server rename

  - by imagodei

  I have a standalone Win 2003 server with Windows Sharepoint Services (WSS3) running on it. I had to rename the server and I had bunch of problems resulting from this. Note that the server is not in AD environment. Most obvious problems were with Sharepoint, which didn't work. I was somewhat naive to think it will work in the first place, but OK - I've solved this using step 1 & 3 from this site (TNX) Other curious behavior/problems remain. Most disturbing is that Sharepoint isn't able to send email notifications to participants. I noticed there are several references to old server name everywhere I look: in Registry, in Windows Internal Database (MICROSOFT##SSEE). I see instances of old server name in the Sharepoint Central Administration - Operations - Servers in farm. There is reference to a servers: oldname.domain.local oldname.local On one of those servers there is also Windows SharePoint Services Outgoing E-Mail Service (Stopped). Also, when I try to telnet locally to the mail server (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) service), I get a response: 220 oldname.domain.local Microsoft ESMTP MAIL Service, Version: 6.0.3790.4675 ready at Tue, 15 Jun 2010 13:56:19 +0200 IMO these strange naming problems are also the reason why email notifications from within Sharepoint don't work. Can anyone tell me how to correct/replace those references to oldservername? Why is the email service insisting on old name? Of course I would like to try it without reinstalling the server. TNX!

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• Bridging my laptop's wireless and wired adaptors

  - by stacey.richards

  I would like to be able to connect a desktop computer that does not have a wireless adapter to my wireless network. I could just run a network cable from my ADSL/wireless router to the desktop computer but sometimes this is not practical. What I would really like to do is bridge my laptop's wireless and wired adapters in such a way that I can run a network cable from my laptop to a switch and another network cable from the switch to a desktop computer so that the desktop computer can access the Internet through my ADSL/wireless router via my latop: +--------------------+ |ADSL/wireless router| +--------------------+ | +-------------------------+ |laptop's wireless adaptor| | | |laptop's wired adaptor | +-------------------------+ | +------+ |switch| +------+ | +-----------------------+ |desktop's wired adapter| +-----------------------+ A bit of Googling suggests that I can do this by bridging my laptop's wireless and wired adapters. In Windows XP's Network Connections I select both the Local Area Connection and the Wireless Network Connection, right click and select Bridge Connections. From what I gather, this (layer 2?) bridge will examine the MAC address of traffic coming from the wireless network and pass it through to the wired network if it suspects that a network adapter with that MAC address may be on the wired side, and vice-versa. If this is the case, I would assume that when the desktop computer attempts to get an IP address from a DHCP server (which is running on the ADSL/wireless router), it would send a DHCP broadcast packet which would pass through the laptop's bridge to the router and the reply would return through the laptop's bridge back to the desktop. This doesn't happen. With some more Googling I find some instruction how this can be done with Linux. I reboot to Ubuntu 9.10 and type the following: sudo apt-get install bridge-utils sudo brctl addbr br0 sudo brctl addif br0 wlan0 sudo brctl addif br0 eth0 sudo ipconfig wlan0 0.0.0.0 sudo ipconfig eth0 0.0.0.0 Once again, the desktop cannot reach the ADSL/wireless router. I suspect that I'm missing some simple important step. Can anyone shed some light on this for me?

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• What's the piece of hardware listening on Facebook's or Wikipedia's IP address?

  - by Igor Ostrovsky

  I am trying to understand how massive sites like Facebook or Wikipedia work, for my intellectual curiosity. I read about various techniques for building scalable sites, but I am still puzzled about one particular detail. The part that confuses me is that ultimately, the DNS will map the entire domain to a single IP address, or a handful of IP addresses in the case of round-robin DNS. For example, wikipedia.org has only one type-A DNS record. So, people from all over the world visiting Wikipedia have to send a request to the one IP address specified in DNS. What is the piece of hardware that listens on the IP address for a massive site, and how can it possibly handle all the load coming from the requests for users all over the world? Edit 1: Thanks for all the responses! Anycast seems like a feasible answer... Does anyone know of a way to check whether a particular IP address is anycast-routed, so that I could verify that this really is the trick used in practice by large sites? Edit 2: After more reading on the topic, it appears that anycast is not typically used for dynamic web content. Anycast is usually used for UDP (e.g., DNS lookups), or sometimes for static content. One interesting thing to note is that Facebook uses profile.ak.fbcdn.net to host static content like style sheets and javascript libraries. Each time I ping this name, I get a response from a different IP address. However, I can't tell whether this is anycast in action, or a completely different technique. Back to my original question: as far as I can tell, even a large site will have a single expensive piece of load-balancing hardware listening on its handful of public IP addresses.

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• I want my logs sent to my mail with logrotate

  - by lericson

  Not strictly a question about programming as such, more of a log handling question. Anyway. My company has multiple clients, and each of these clients have a set of logs that I'd rather much want to get sent to by e-mail to me. Now, another prerequisite is that they're hilighted by simple HTML. All that is very well, I've managed to make a hilighter for the given log types. So, what I do is I use logrotate's prerotate stuff to send the logs as an e-mail message. Example: /var/log/a.log /var/log/b.log { daily missingok copytruncate prerotate /usr/bin/python /home/foo/hilight_logs /var/log/{a,b}.log | /usr/sbin/sendmail -FLog\ mailer [email protected] [email protected] endscript } The problem with this approach is basically that logrotate sucks: it'll run the command for every log file specified in the specifier, and to my knowledge there's no way to know which of the log files is being handled. (Which wouldn't really help anyway.) Short of repeating the exact same logrotate up to 10 times on different machines, the only thing I can do is just to get bogged down with log spam every night. And I grew tired of it today, so I ask.

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• Bash Parallelization of CPU-intensive processes

  - by ehsanul

  tee forwards its stdin to every single file specified, while pee does the same, but for pipes. These programs send every single line of their stdin to each and every file/pipe specified. However, I was looking for a way to "load balance" the stdin to different pipes, so one line is sent to the first pipe, another line to the second, etc. It would also be nice if the stdout of the pipes are collected into one stream as well. The use case is simple parallelization of CPU intensive processes that work on a line-by-line basis. I was doing a sed on a 14GB file, and it could have run much faster if I could use multiple sed processes. The command was like this: pv infile | sed 's/something//' > outfile To parallelize, the best would be if GNU parallel would support this functionality like so (made up the --demux-stdin option): pv infile | parallel -u -j4 --demux-stdin "sed 's/something//'" > outfile However, there's no option like this and parallel always uses its stdin as arguments for the command it invokes, like xargs. So I tried this, but it's hopelessly slow, and it's clear why: pv infile | parallel -u -j4 "echo {} | sed 's/something//'" > outfile I just wanted to know if there's any other way to do this (short of coding it up myself). If there was a "load-balancing" tee (let's call it lee), I could do this: pv infile | lee >(sed 's/something//' >> outfile) >(sed 's/something//' >> outfile) >(sed 's/something//' >> outfile) >(sed 's/something//' >> outfile) Not pretty, so I'd definitely prefer something like the made up parallel version, but this would work too.

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• Cisco IOS BVI ACL: Only allow established UDP

  - by George Bailey

  Related: Cisco IOS ACL: Don't permit incoming connections just because they are from port 80 I know we can use the established keyword for TCP.. but what can we do for UDP (short of replacing a Bridge or BVI with a NAT)? Answer I found out what "UDP has no connection" means. DNS uses UDP for example.. named (DNS server) is lisenting on port 53 nslookup (DNS client) starts listening on some random port and sends a packet to port 53 of the server and notes the source port in that packet. nslookup will retry 3 times if necessary. Also the packets are so small that it does not have to worry about them coming in the wrong order. If nslookup receives a response on that port that comes from the servers IP and port then it stops listening. If the server tried to send two responses (for example a response and a response to the retry) then the server would not care if either of them made it because the client has the job to retry. In fact.. unless ICMP 3/3 packet gets through the server would not know about a failure. This is different from TCP where you get connection closed or timed out errors. DNS allows for an easy retry from the client as well as small packets.. so UDP is an excellent choice because it is more efficient. In UDP you would see nslookup sends request named sends answer In TCP you would see nslookup's machine sends SYN named's machine sends SYN-ACK nslookup's machine sends ACK and the request named's machine sends the response That is much more than is necessary for a tiny DNS packet

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• SQL Server Offsite Backups

  - by Eric Maibach

  We have about !TB of SQL Server databases, and these databases generate about 200GB of data changes each day. Up to this point we have been doing Weekly full backups, daily diff backups, and hourly transaction log backups. The full and diff backups are backed up to tape and taken offsite each day. We have been trying to move away from tapes, and our IT department purchased a Barracuda Backup device that backups up data and then sends it offsite using our internet connection. I have been trying to get this to work for our SQL Server backups, and have ran into a number of problems. I normally like to just use SQL Server to perform backups instead of trying to use a agent, so that is what I tried first. However the Barracuda device was not able to dedup these files very well, so it ended up being to much data to try to send offsite and to archive. I then tried installing the Barracuda agent and using it to backup the SQL Server databases. However the problem I am having there is that on some of the database servers I also have files that need backed up, and I cannot find a way to create seperate backup schedules for the file backups and the SQL Server backups. Barracuda only does full or transaction log backups. So if I want to do hourly transaction log backups I end up doing a file system backup every hour (which is not good), or if I only schedule the backups to run once a night I either have to do a full backup every night, or only do a transaction backup once a day. None of these scenarios are good options. My question is, how is everyone else getting their large SQL Server database backups offsite. Are you just using tape, or have you found a offsite backup device that works well? Is anybody else using Barracuda to backup their SQL Server databases? If you do, then how do you have it setup?

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• Postfix "loops back to myself" error on relay to another IP address on same machine

  - by Nic Wolff

  I'm trying to relay all mail for one domain "ourdomain.tld" from Postfix running on port 2525 of one interface to another SMTP server running on port 25 of another interface on the same machine. However, when a message is received for that domain, we're getting a "mail for loops back to myself" error. Below are netstat and postconf, the contents of our /etc/postfix/transport file, and the error that Postfix is logging. (The high bytes of each IP address are XXXed out.) Am I missing something obvious? Thanks - # netstat -ln -A inet Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State ... tcp 0 0 XXX.XXX.138.209:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 XXX.XXX.138.210:2525 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN # postconf -d | grep mail_version mail_version = 2.8.4 # postconf -n alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases allow_mail_to_commands = alias,forward bounce_queue_lifetime = 0 command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix data_directory = /var/lib/postfix debug_peer_level = 2 default_privs = nobody default_process_limit = 200 html_directory = no inet_interfaces = XXX.XXX.138.210 local_recipient_maps = local_transport = error:local mail delivery is disabled mail_owner = postfix mailbox_size_limit = 0 mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq manpage_directory = /usr/local/man message_size_limit = 10240000 mydestination = mydomain = ourdomain.tld myhostname = ourdomain.tld mynetworks = XXX.XXX.119.0/24, XXX.XXX.138.0/24, XXX.XXX.136.128/25 myorigin = ourdomain.tld newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix readme_directory = /etc/postfix recipient_delimiter = + relay_domains = ourdomain.tld relay_recipient_maps = sample_directory = /etc/postfix sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail setgid_group = postdrop smtpd_authorized_verp_clients = $mynetworks smtpd_recipient_limit = 10000 transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 450 # cat /etc/postfix/transport ourdomain.tld relay:[XXX.XXX.138.209]:25 # tail -f /var/log/maillog ... Aug 2 23:58:36 va4 postfix/smtp[9846]: 9858A758404: to=<nicwolff@... >, relay=XXX.XXX.138.209[XXX.XXX.138.209]:25, delay=1.1, delays=0.08/0.01/1/0, dsn=5.4.6, status=bounced (mail for [XXX.XXX.138.209]:25 loops back to myself)

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• Monitoring memcached with plink

  - by kojiro

  I need a telnet client that can take commands from a file or stdin so I can do some quick-and-dirty automatic monitoring of memcached. I thought plink would be good for this, but it seems to be doing something beyond what I need: If I telnet into localhost 11211 and write stats, I get the memcached stats, like so: $ telnet localhost 11211 Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to localhost. Escape character is '^]'. stats STAT pid 25099 STAT uptime 91182 STAT time 1349191864 STAT version 1.4.5 STAT pointer_size 64 STAT rusage_user 3.570000 STAT rusage_system 2.740000 STAT curr_connections 5 STAT total_connections 23 STAT connection_structures 11 STAT cmd_get 0 STAT cmd_set 0 STAT cmd_flush 0 STAT get_hits 0 STAT get_misses 0 STAT delete_misses 0 STAT delete_hits 0 STAT incr_misses 0 STAT incr_hits 0 STAT decr_misses 0 STAT decr_hits 0 STAT cas_misses 0 STAT cas_hits 0 STAT cas_badval 0 STAT auth_cmds 0 STAT auth_errors 0 STAT bytes_read 82184 STAT bytes_written 7210 STAT limit_maxbytes 67108864 STAT accepting_conns 1 STAT listen_disabled_num 0 STAT threads 4 STAT conn_yields 0 STAT bytes 0 STAT curr_items 0 STAT total_items 0 STAT evictions 0 STAT reclaimed 0 END But with plink, I get an odd error. I'm using this command: watch -n 30 plink -v -telnet -P 11211 127.0.0.1 <<< $'\nstats' The first time through I get: Looking up host "127.0.0.1" Connecting to 127.0.0.1 port 11211 client: WILL NAWS client: WILL TSPEED client: WILL TTYPE client: WILL NEW_ENVIRON client: DO ECHO client: WILL SGA client: DO SGA ERROR STAT pid 25099 STAT uptime 91245 STAT time 1349191927 STAT version 1.4.5 … END But when watch repeats the command I just get: Looking up host "127.0.0.1" Connecting to 127.0.0.1 port 11211 client: WILL NAWS client: WILL TSPEED client: WILL TTYPE client: WILL NEW_ENVIRON client: DO ECHO client: WILL SGA client: DO SGA Failed to connect to 127.0.0.1: Connection reset by peer Connection reset by peer FATAL ERROR: Connection reset by peer What is plink doing here that is different from normal telnet? How should I be going about this? (I'm not married to plink, but I need a way to continuously send simple telnet commands to memcached without writing a full-fledged perl script.)

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• Postfix misconfigured? 550 Sender rejected from recieving server

  - by wnstnsmth

  We use Postfix on our CentOS 6 machine, having the following configuration. We use PHP's mail() function to send rudimentary password reset emails, but there is a problem. As you will see, mydomain and myhostname is correctly set, afaik. alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix data_directory = /var/lib/postfix debug_peer_level = 2 html_directory = no inet_interfaces = localhost inet_protocols = all mail_owner = postfix mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix manpage_directory = /usr/share/man mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost mydomain = ***.ch myhostname = test.***.ch newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/README_FILES sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/samples sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix setgid_group = postdrop unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 Now this is the stuff that is in the /var/log/maillog of Postfix upon sending an email to ***.***@***.ch, with ***.ch being the same domain our sending server test.***.ch is on: Dec 13 16:55:06 R12X0210 postfix/pickup[6831]: E6D6311406AB: uid=48 from=<apache> Dec 13 16:55:06 R12X0210 postfix/cleanup[6839]: E6D6311406AB: message-id=<20121213155506.E6D6311406AB@test.***.ch> Dec 13 16:55:07 R12X0210 postfix/qmgr[6832]: E6D6311406AB: from=<apache@test.***.ch>, size=1276, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Dec 13 16:55:52 R12X0210 postfix/smtp[6841]: E6D6311406AB: to=<***.***@***.ch>, relay=mail.***.ch[**.**.249.3]:25, delay=46, delays=0.18/0/21/24, dsn=5.0.0, status=bounced (host mail.***.ch[**.**.249.3] said: 550 Sender Rejected (in reply to RCPT TO command)) Dec 13 16:55:52 R12X0210 postfix/cleanup[6839]: 8562C11406AC: message-id=<20121213155552.8562C11406AC@test.***.ch> Dec 13 16:55:52 R12X0210 postfix/bounce[6848]: E6D6311406AB: sender non-delivery notification: 8562C11406AC Dec 13 16:55:52 R12X0210 postfix/qmgr[6832]: 8562C11406AC: from=<>, size=3065, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Dec 13 16:55:52 R12X0210 postfix/qmgr[6832]: E6D6311406AB: removed Dec 13 16:55:52 R12X0210 postfix/local[6850]: 8562C11406AC: to=<root@test.***.ch>, orig_to=<apache@test.***.ch>, relay=local, delay=0.13, delays=0.07/0/0/0.05, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to mailbox) Dec 13 16:55:52 R12X0210 postfix/qmgr[6832]: 8562C11406AC: removed So the receiving server rejects the sender (line 4 of log output). We have tested it with one other recipient and it worked, so this problem might be completely unrelated to our settings, but related to the recipient. Still, with this question, I want to make sure we're not making an obvious misconfiguration on our side.

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