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• Changing the Operating System with only Ubuntu installed

  - by Games Brainiac

  I really wanted to dive into the world of Open Source operating systems, so I downloaded the latest version of Ubuntu (13.10), and installed it on a clean(no operating system installed, absolutely nothing) Lenovo ThinkPad machine. After a few days, I wanted to try out a different Operating System (Elementary OS). I downloaded the ISO file, burned it to a USB, tested that the USB booted from a different computer (I have 2, one is the Lenovo, the other a HP). I was able to get the bootscreen, and everything worked like a charm after I set the BIOS to boot from USB Disk Drive instead of HD. After this, I went back to Lenovo, and tried to open up the boot menu, by pressing F12, so that I could load from a temporary device. To my surprise, nothing but the HD was listed. There was no Optical Drive, No USB Drive, absolutely nothing. So, I thought that these devices were probably disabled. So I went into my BIOS and checked to see what was the case. I saw that all my devices were enabled. USB and all the other devices such as network cable and the rest were all enabled. So, I thought this probably had something to do wit UEFI and Legacy Boot options. So, I made sure that both were enabled. This did not solve the problem either. Again, I got nothing but the option to boot from my Hard Disk. I thought the USB had to be at fault. I tried different ports, but to no avail. Next, I tried with a Live CD, which had Ubuntu on it. This failed too. I simply could not boot from anything other than my hard disk. Okay, so at this point, I was pretty desperate, so I installed Boot-Repair through: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install boot-repair What this did is lead me to GRUB. Ideally, its just a screen that gives me the option to load from Ubuntu or Advanced Settings. The Advanced settings had nothing but Ubuntu options in it. So, I kept on pressing ESC and that led me to the the grub console, and thats where I am right now with my Lenovo. I've also tried updating the BIOS, but Lenovo only has packages for Red Hat and Windows. So, a dead end there too. Right now, I need to know if there is any way that I can just delete everything from my Lenovo? I want to revert it back to its blank factory condition. How can I achieve this? I have tried to elaborate my problem as best I could. If there is any important information that I've missed out, please do not hesitate to leave a comment. I would have included some screen shots, but BIOS screen shots are a little hard to manage. However, I can provide a camera Image of the boot screen if needed (doing that as we speak).

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• Is there any kind of established architecture for browser based games?

  - by black_puppydog

  I am beginning the development of a broser based game in which players take certain actions at any point in time. Big parts of gameplay will be happening in real life and just have to be entered into the system. I believe a good kind of comparison might be a platform for managing fantasy football, although I have virtually no experience playing that, so please correct me if I am mistaken here. The point is that some events happen in the program (i.e. on the server, out of reach for the players) like pulling new results from some datasource, starting of a new round by a game master and such. Other events happen in real life (two players closing a deal on the transfer of some team member or whatnot - again: have never played fantasy football) and have to be entered into the system. The first part is pretty easy since the game masters will be "staff" and thus can be trusted to a certain degree to not mess with the system. But the second part bothers me quite a lot, especially since the actions may involve multiple steps and interactions with different players, like registering a deal with the system that then has to be approved by the other party or denied and passed on to a game master to decide. I would of course like to separate the game logic as far as possible from the presentation and basic form validation but am unsure how to do this in a clean fashion. Of course I could (and will) put some effort into making my own architectural decisions and prototype different ideas. But I am bound to make some stupid mistakes at some point, so I would like to avoid some of that by getting a little "book smart" beforehand. So the question is: Is there any kind of architectural works that I can read up on? Papers, blogs, maybe design documents or even source code? Writing this down this seems more like a business application with business rules, workflows and such... Any good entry points for that? EDIT: After reading the first answers I am under the impression of having made a mistake when including the "MMO" part into the title. The game will not be all fancy (i.e. 3D or such) on the client side and the logic will completely exist on the server. That is, apart from basic form validation for the user which will also be mirrored on the server side. So the target toolset will be HTML5, JavaScript, probably JQuery(UI). My question is more related to the software architecture/design of a system that enforces certain rules. Separation of ruleset and presentation One problem I am having is that I want to separate the game rules from the presentation. The first step would be to make an own module for the game "engine" that only exposes an interface that allows all actions to be taken in a clean way. If an action fails with regard to some pre/post condition, the engine throws an exception which is then presented to the user like "you cannot sell something you do not own" or "after that you would end up in a situation which is not a valid game state." The problem here is that I would like to be able to not even present invalid action in the first place or grey out the corresponding UI elements. Changing and tweaking the ruleset Another big thing is the ruleset. It will probably evolve over time and most definitely must be tweaked. What's more, it should be possible (to a certain extent) to build a ruleset that fits a specific game round, i.e. choosing different kinds of behaviours in different aspects of the game. This would do something like "we play it with extension A today but we throw out extension B." For me, this screams "Architectural/Design pattern" but I have no idea on who might have published on something like this, not even what to google for.

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• Is changing my job now a wise decision? [closed]

  - by FlaminPhoenix

  First a little background about myself. I am a javascript programmer with 3.8 years of experience. I joined my current company a year and 3 months ago, and I was recruited as a javascript programmer. I was under the impression I was a programmer in a programming team but this was not the case. No one else except me and my manager knows anything about programming in my team. The other two teammates, copy paste stuff from websites into excel sheets. I was told I was being recruited for a new project, and it was true. The only problem was that the server side language they were using was PHP. They were using a popular library with PHP, and I had never worked with PHP before. Nevertheless, I learnt it well enough to get things working, and received high praise from my boss's boss on whichever project I worked on. Words like "wow" , "This looks great, the clients gonna be impressed with this." were sprinkled every now and then on reviewing my work. They even managed to sell my work to a couple of clients and as I understand, both of my projects are going to fetch them a pretty buck. The problem: I was asked to move into a project which my manager was handling. I asked them for training on the project which never came, and sure enough I couldnt complete my first task on the new project without shortcomings. I told my manager there were things I didnt know how to get done in the new project due to lack of training. His project had 0 documentation. I was told he would "take care" of everything relating to those shortcomings. In the meantime, I was asked to switch to another project. My manager made the necessary changes and later told me that the build had "broken" on the production server and that I needed to "test" my changes before saying things were done. I never deployed it on the production server. He did. I never saw / had the opportunity to see the final build before it went to production. He called me for a separate meeting and started pointing fingers at me, but I took full responsibility even if I didnt have to. He later on got on a call with his boss, in my presence, and gave him the impression that it was all my fault. I did not confront him about this so far. I have worked late / done overtime without them asking a lot, but last week, I just got home from work, and I got calls asking me to solve an issue which till then they had kept quiet about even though they were informed about it. I asked my manager why I hadnt been tasked with this when I was in office. He started telling me which statements to put where, as if to mock me, and that this "is hardly an overtime issue" and this pissed me off. Also, during the previous meeting, he was constantly talking highly about his work, at the same time trying to demean mine. In the meantime, I have attended an interview with another MNC, and the interviewers there were fully respectful of my decision to leave my current company. Its a software company, so I can expect my colleagues to know a lot more than me. Im told I can expect their offer anytime this week. My questions: Is my anger towards my manager justified? While leaving, do I tell him that its because of his actions that Im leaving? Do I erupt in anger and tell him that he shouldnt have put the blame on me since he was the one doing the deployment? This is going to be my second resignation to this company. The first time I wanted to resign, I was asked to stay back and my manager promised a lot of changes, a couple of which were made. How do I keep myself from getting into such situations with my employers in the future?

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• I thought the new AUTO_SAMPLE_SIZE in Oracle Database 11g looked at all the rows in a table so why do I see a very small sample size on some tables?

  - by Maria Colgan

  I recently got asked this question and thought it was worth a quick blog post to explain in a little more detail what is going on with the new AUTO_SAMPLE_SIZE in Oracle Database 11g and what you should expect to see in the dictionary views. Let’s take the SH.CUSTOMERS table as an example.  There are 55,500 rows in the SH.CUSTOMERS tables. If we gather statistics on the SH.CUSTOMERS using the new AUTO_SAMPLE_SIZE but without collecting histogram we can check what sample size was used by looking in the USER_TABLES and USER_TAB_COL_STATISTICS dictionary views. The sample sized shown in the USER_TABLES is 55,500 rows or the entire table as expected. In USER_TAB_COL_STATISTICS most columns show 55,500 rows as the sample size except for four columns (CUST_SRC_ID, CUST_EFF_TO, CUST_MARTIAL_STATUS, CUST_INCOME_LEVEL ). The CUST_SRC_ID and CUST_EFF_TO columns have no sample size listed because there are only NULL values in these columns and the statistics gathering procedure skips NULL values. The CUST_MARTIAL_STATUS (38,072) and the CUST_INCOME_LEVEL (55,459) columns show less than 55,500 rows as their sample size because of the presence of NULL values in these columns. In the SH.CUSTOMERS table 17,428 rows have a NULL as the value for CUST_MARTIAL_STATUS column (17428+38072 = 55500), while 41 rows have a NULL values for the CUST_INCOME_LEVEL column (41+55459 = 55500). So we can confirm that the new AUTO_SAMPLE_SIZE algorithm will use all non-NULL values when gathering basic table and column level statistics. Now we have clear understanding of what sample size to expect lets include histogram creation as part of the statistics gathering. Again we can look in the USER_TABLES and USER_TAB_COL_STATISTICS dictionary views to find the sample size used. The sample size seen in USER_TABLES is 55,500 rows but if we look at the column statistics we see that it is same as in previous case except  for columns  CUST_POSTAL_CODE and  CUST_CITY_ID. You will also notice that these columns now have histograms created on them. The sample size shown for these columns is not the sample size used to gather the basic column statistics. AUTO_SAMPLE_SIZE still uses all the rows in the table - the NULL rows to gather the basic column statistics (55,500 rows in this case). The size shown is the sample size used to create the histogram on the column. When we create a histogram we try to build it on a sample that has approximately 5,500 non-null values for the column.  Typically all of the histograms required for a table are built from the same sample. In our example the histograms created on CUST_POSTAL_CODE and the CUST_CITY_ID were built on a single sample of ~5,500 (5,450 rows) as these columns contained only non-null values. However, if one or more of the columns that requires a histogram has null values then the sample size maybe increased in order to achieve a sample of 5,500 non-null values for those columns. n addition, if the difference between the number of nulls in the columns varies greatly, we may create multiple samples, one for the columns that have a low number of null values and one for the columns with a high number of null values.  This scheme enables us to get close to 5,500 non-null values for each column. +Maria Colgan

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• Installing WindowsAuthentication breaks authentication / web.config?

  - by Ian Quigley

  I have a clean Windows 2008 R2 box (on a VM) and have installed IIS 7.5 with default options. I then copied a website to it (from Windows 7, IIS 7) and after a little tweaking the website is working fine. The website is currently using and working with Anonymous Authentication. I have gone back to the Windows Components/Sever Manager, Roles - Security and ticked and installed Windows Authentication. When I check my server in IIS (top level above sites) - Authentication, I see Anonymous Authentication (enabled) ASP.NET Impersonation (disabled) Forms Authentication (disbaled) Windows Authentication (enabled) When I check my default website - Authentication, I see as above but "Retrieving status" and an error dialog saying There was an error while performing this operation. Details: Filename c:\inetpub\wwwroot\screwturnwiki\web.config Line number: 96 Error: This configuration section cannot be used in this path. This happens when the section is being locked at the parent level. Locking is either by default (overriderModeDefault="Deny"), or set explicity by a location tag with overrideMode="Deny" or the legacy allowOverride="False". I have tried hand editing the web.config with no success. (How to use locking in IIS7 Configuration) UN-installing Windows Authentication happily returns my site to working with Anonymous Authentication, and allows me to enable/disable these three options. FYI. I am using ScrewTurnWiki with the Active Directory plug in. It all works fine under Windows 7 IIS 7 locally (has been for months) Web.Config <system.webServer> (edit) <handlers> ( deleted removes/adds ) </handlers> <security> <authentication> 96: <windowsAuthentication enabled="true" useKernelMode="true"> <extendedProtection tokenChecking="Allow" /> <providers> <clear /> <add value="NTLM" /> <add value="Negotiate" /> </providers> </windowsAuthentication> </authentication> </security>

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• RDS installation failure on 2012 R2 Server Core VM in Hyper-V Server

  - by Giles

  I'm currently installing a test-bed for my firms Infrastructure replacement. 10 or so Windows/Linux servers will be replaced by 2 physical servers running Hyper-V server. All services (DC, RDS, SQL) will be on Windows 2012 R2 Server Core VMs, Exchange on Server 2012 R2 GUI, and the rest are things like Elastix, MailArchiver etc, which aren't part of the equation thus far. I have installed Hyper-V server on a test box, and sucessfully got two virtual DC's running, SQL 2014 running, and 8.1 which I use for the RSAT tools. When trying to install RDS (The old fashioned kind, not the newer VDI(?) style), I get a failed installation due to the server not being able to reboot. A couple of articles have said not to do it locally, so I've moved on. Sitting at the Powershell prompt on the Domain Controller or SQL server (Both Server Core), I run the following commands: Import-Module RemoteDesktop New-SessionDeployment -ConnectionBroker "AlstersTS.Alsters.local" -SessionHost "AlstersTS.Alsters.local" The installation begins, carries on for 2 or 3 minutes, then I receive the following error message: New-SessionDeployment : Validation failed for the "RD Connection Broker" parameter. AlstersTS.Alsters.local Unable to connect to the server by using WindowsPowerShell remoting. Verify that you can connect to the server. At line:1 char:1 + NewSessionDeployment -ConnectionBroker "AlstersTS.Alsters.local" -SessionHost " ... + + CategoryInfo : NotSpecified: (:) [Write-Error], WriteErrorException + FullyQualifiedErrorID : Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.WriteErrorException,New-SessionDeployment So far, I have: Triple, triple checked syntax. Tried various other commands, and a script to accomplish the same task. Checked DNS is functioning as it should. Checked to the best of my knowledge that AD is working as it should. Checked that the Network Service has the needed permissions. Created another VM and placed the two roles on different servers. Deleted all VMs, started again with a new domain name (Lather, rinse, repeat) Performed the whole installation on a second physical box running Hyper-V Server Pleaded with it Interestingly, if I perform the installation via a GUI installation, the thing just works! Now I know I could convert this to a Server Core role after installation, but this wouldn't teach me what was wrong in the first instance. I've probably got 10 pages through various Google searches, each page getting a little less relevant. The closest matches seem to have good information, but it doesn't seem to be the fix for my set-up. As a side note, I expected to be able to "tee" or "out-file" the error message into a text file, but couldn't get that to work either, so I've typed in the error message manually. Chaps, any suggestions, from the glaringly obvious, to the long-winded and complex? Thanks!

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• Migrate from MySQL to PostgreSQL on Linux (Kubuntu)

  - by Dave Jarvis

  Storyline Trying to migrate a database from MySQL to PostgreSQL. All the documentation I have read covers, in great detail, how to migrate the structure. I have found very little documentation on migrating the data. The schema has 13 tables (which have been migrated successfully) and 9 GB of data. MySQL version: 5.1.x PostgreSQL version: 8.4.x I want to use the R programming language to analyze the data using SQL select statements; PostgreSQL has PL/R, but MySQL has nothing (as far as I can tell). A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away... Create the database location (/var has insufficient space; also dislike having the PostgreSQL version number everywhere -- upgrading would break scripts!): sudo mkdir -p /home/postgres/main sudo cp -Rp /var/lib/postgresql/8.4/main /home/postgres sudo chown -R postgres.postgres /home/postgres sudo chmod -R 700 /home/postgres sudo usermod -d /home/postgres/ postgres All good to here. Next, restart the server and configure the database using these installation instructions: sudo apt-get install postgresql pgadmin3 sudo /etc/init.d/postgresql-8.4 stop sudo vi /etc/postgresql/8.4/main/postgresql.conf Change data_directory to /home/postgres/main sudo /etc/init.d/postgresql-8.4 start sudo -u postgres psql postgres \password postgres sudo -u postgres createdb climate pgadmin3 Use pgadmin3 to configure the database and create a schema. A New Hope The episode began in a remote shell known as bash, with both databases running, and the installation of a command with a most unusual logo: SQL Fairy. perl Makefile.PL sudo make install sudo apt-get install perl-doc (strangely, it is not called perldoc) perldoc SQL::Translator::Manual Extract a PostgreSQL-friendly DDL and all the MySQL data: sqlt -f DBI --dsn dbi:mysql:climate --db-user user --db-password password -t PostgreSQL > climate-pg-ddl.sql mysqldump --skip-add-locks --complete-insert --no-create-db --no-create-info --quick --result-file="climate-my.sql" --databases climate --skip-comments -u root -p The Database Strikes Back Recreate the structure in PostgreSQL as follows: pgadmin3 (switch to it) Click the Execute arbitrary SQL queries icon Open climate-pg-ddl.sql Search for TABLE " replace with TABLE climate." (insert the schema name climate) Search for on " replace with on climate." (insert the schema name climate) Press F5 to execute This results in: Query returned successfully with no result in 122 ms. Replies of the Jedi At this point I am stumped. Where do I go from here (what are the steps) to convert climate-my.sql to climate-pg.sql so that they can be executed against PostgreSQL? How to I make sure the indexes are copied over correctly (to maintain referential integrity; I don't have constraints at the moment to ease the transition)? How do I ensure that adding new rows in PostgreSQL will start enumerating from the index of the last row inserted (and not conflict with an existing primary key from the sequence)? Resources A fair bit of information was needed to get this far: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostgreSQL http://articles.sitepoint.com/article/site-mysql-postgresql-1 http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Converting_from_other_Databases_to_PostgreSQL#MySQL http://pgfoundry.org/frs/shownotes.php?release_id=810 http://sqlfairy.sourceforge.net/ Thank you!

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• PXE-E32 TFTP Open Timeout While Attempting to PXE Boot from Windows Deployment Services

  - by bschafer

  I'm running Windows Deployment Services on Windows Server 2008 R2 on top of an ESX 4.0 box. This is the only function of this VM instance, although it had previously functioned as an AD Domain Controller. My DHCP server is running on our primary Domain Controller, which is also Server 2008 R2, but running on metal. Everything was working perfectly until we recently had our backup generator fail during a power outage, causing all of our servers and networking equipment to lose power for a period of time. When we brought all of our equipment back up, everything was working as expected except for WDS. Our network is split up into several different vlans. Now, depending on which vlan the client computer is on, it's behaving differently when attempting to PXE boot into WDS. Our servers are located on the 10.55.x.x vlan, which, due to the nature of it, has no DHCP server active in it. The first computer we plugged in happened to be in the 10.99.x.x vlan, which is supposed to be reserved for network management devices (i.e. switches), but we've been using it occasionally otherwise. That computer gave us PXE-E11 ARP Timeout errors. When we moved to a different computer on the 10.19.x.x vlan (for general purpose use), it finally gets an IP from DHCP, but it presents us with a very stumping PXE-E32 TFTP Open Timeout error. Before the power outage, it didn't matter which vlan a device was on; it would PXE boot and image just fine. I've made no changes to anything server-side. Everything is configured exactly the same way it was on my WDS and DHCP servers as before the power outage. I've tried several different computers, including different models. All of this, combined with the quirky behavior depending on the vlan, makes me think something went wrong in one or more of our switches, probably because of the power outage. Unfortunately, I'm no network guy, and I know very little about how to configure our switches properly. Is this an issue with switches, etc? If so, how can I fix it? Is there some magical option I'm not aware of? Does anybody out there have any hunches? I've pretty much exhausted my ideas. Our main switch is an HP Procurve 5406. We also have 3x HP Procurve 4208 switches. The ESX Server is an HP ProLiant DL380 G6. The WDS VM is currently using the VMXNET3 network adaptor, but we've also tried the E1000 adaptor.

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• Best available technology for layered disk cache in linux

  - by SpliFF

  I've just bought a 6-core Phenom with 16G of RAM. I use it primarily for compiling and video encoding (and occassional web/db). I'm finding all activities get disk-bound and I just can't keep all 6 cores fed. I'm buying an SSD raid to sit between the HDD and tmpfs. I want to setup a "layered" filesystem where reads are cached on tmpfs but writes safely go through to the SSD. I want files (or blocks) that haven't been read lately on the SSD to then be written back to a HDD using a compressed FS or block layer. So basically reads: - Check tmpfs - Check SSD - Check HD And writes: - Straight to SSD (for safety), then tmpfs (for speed) And periodically, or when space gets low: - Move least frequently accessed files down one layer. I've seen a few projects of interest. CacheFS, cachefsd, bcache seem pretty close but I'm having trouble determining which are practical. bcache seems a little risky (early adoption), cachefs seems tied to specific network filesystems. There are "union" projects unionfs and aufs that let you mount filesystems over each other (USB device over a DVD usually) but both are distributed as a patch and I get the impression this sort of "transparent" mounting was going to become a kernel feature rather than a FS. I know the kernel has a built-in disk cache but it doesn't seem to work well with compiling. I see a 20x speed improvement when I move my source files to tmpfs. I think it's because the standard buffers are dedicated to a specific process and compiling creates and destroys thousands of processes during a build (just guessing there). It looks like I really want those files precached. I've read tmpfs can use virtual memory. In that case is it practical to create a giant tmpfs with swap on the SSD? I don't need to boot off the resulting layered filesystem. I can load grub, kernel and initrd from elsewhere if needed. So that's the background. The question has several components I guess: Recommended FS and/or block layer for the SSD and compressed HDD. Recommended mkfs parameters (block size, options etc...) Recommended cache/mount technology to bind the layers transparently Required mount parameters Required kernel options / patches, etc..

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• IIS 7.5 FTPS external access - 534 Policy requires SSL

  - by markmnl

  I have setup a FTP site that requires SSL but when I try connect to it externally I get the error: 220 Microsoft FTP Service 534 Policy requires SSL. I know - I set it so! Why doesnt it fetch the SSL cert from the site and allow me to logon?! (Incidentally beware of all the tutorials that Allow but do not Require SSL - while that will solve the problem it will be because SSL is not being used!). I suspect it may be I need a client that supports FTPS (FTP over SSL) and Windows explorer just uses IE which does not. But trying FileZilla and WinSCP I get a little further but then it hangs on TLS/SSL negotiation expecting a response from the server.... UPDATE: I have tried (from: http://learn.iis.net/page.aspx/309/configuring-ftp-firewall-settings/): Configure the Passive Port Range for the FTP Service. Configure the external IPv4 Address for a Specific FTP Site. Configure the firewall to allow the FTP service to listen on all ports that it opens. Disabling stateful FTP filtering so that Windows Firewall will not block FTP traffic. And still I get (in FileZilla trying both Active and Passive): Status: Connecting to 203.x.x.x:21... Status: Connection established, waiting for welcome message... Response: 220 Microsoft FTP Service Command: AUTH TLS Response: 234 AUTH command ok. Expecting TLS Negotiation. Status: Initializing TLS... Error: Connection timed out Error: Could not connect to server The Windows firewall logs unhelpfully have nothing to say.. UPDATE2: Turning the firewall off does not resolve the problem. I cannot believe how difficult it is to get something so simple to work and even once following the documentation it does not work. UPDATE3: Running FileZilla locally connecting through the loopback works in Active mode, in Passive mode I get up to: Command: LIST Response: 150 Opening BINARY mode data connection. Error: GnuTLS error -53: Error in the push function. Turning the firewall off at both ends I can still not connect the client and get the same error as above.

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• Windows 7 is shutting down unexpectedly, according to the logs.

  - by dlamblin

  Here's a message from my eventvwr EventLog (Windows Logs System): The previous system shutdown at 11:51:15 AM on ?7/?29/?2009 was unexpected. This is funny because I was wondering why the system shut down while I was playing Civilizations IV full screen. Now I know. It was unexpected. Has anyone encountered and resolved this? A little background: I am running Windows 7 RC inside VMWare Fusion 2 (just updated a few months back) on a MacBook (Bitterly not Pro) aluminum-body. Windows 7 occasionally will shut down. This isn't a quick turn-off, it's a shutdown where all the programs are exited, the system waits until they quit (and Civ4 doesn't prompt me to save), it even installed Windows Updates before restarting. And yes it is restarting right after the shutdown. Because I run a game in full screen mode I do not notice any dialog with a countdown timer or anything like that that might be a warning. As I have iStat on my dashboard widgets I can see about 8 temperature monitors. I have seen the CPU get up to 74C before, but during the shutdown, though it seemed hot to the touch (always is), it read 61C for the CPU, 60C for heatsink A, 50C for heatsink B and in the 30s-40s for the enclosure and harddrives. As I type this now, the temps are actually higher, so I don't think the temperature caused it. I have at least six such events dating first from 5/17 which was a week after installing Windows 7. I did find one information level warning from USER32 in the system log that says: The process C:\Windows\system32\svchost.exe (DLAMBLIN-WIN7) has initiated the restart of computer DLAMBLIN-WIN7 on behalf of user NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM for the following reason: Operating System: Recovery (Planned) Reason Code: 0x80020002 Shutdown Type: restart Comment: And another 15 minutes before that from Windows Update: Restart Required: To complete the installation of the following updates, the computer will be restarted within 15 minutes: - Cumulative Security Update for Internet Explorer 8 for Windows 7 Release Candidate for x64-based Systems (KB972260) Which I think kind of explains it. Though I don't know why restarting after an update would create an error event of "shutdown was unexpected", isn't that pretty odd? Now, how do I set it to never restart after an update unless I click something. Application of solution: As fretje reminded me, there's a couple of configurable settings for this, in windows 7 they're much in the same place as in Windows 2000 SP3 and XP SP1. Running gpedit.msc pops up a window that looks like: Windows 7 has changed the order and added a couple of newer options I've italicized: Do not display 'Install Updates and Shut Down' in Shut Down Windows dialog box Do not adjust default option to 'Install Updates and Shut Down' in Shut Down Windows dialog box Enabling Windows Power Management to automatically wake up the system to install scheduled updates Configure Automatic Updates Specify intranet Microsoft update service location Automatic Updates detection frequency Allow non-administrators to receive update notifications Turn on Software Notifications Allow Automatic Updates immediate installation Turn on recommended updates via Automatic Updates No auto-restart with logged-on users for scheduled Automatic Updates Re-prompt for restart with scheduled installations. Delay Restart for scheduled installations Reschedule Automatic Updates schedule

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• Getting macro keys from a razer blackwidow to work on linux

  - by Journeyman Geek

  I picked up a razer blackwidow ultimate that has additional keys meant for macros that are set using a tool that's installed on windows. I'm assuming that these arn't some fancypants joojoo keys and should emit scancodes like any other keys. Firstly is there a standard way to check these scancodes in linux? Secondly how do i set these keys to do things in command line and x based linux setups? My current linux install is xubuntu 10.10, but i'll be switching to kubuntu once i have a few things fixed up. Ideally the answer should be generic and system-wide Things i have tried so far: showkeys from the built in kbd package (in a seperate vt) - macro keys not detected xev - macro keys not detected lsusb and evdev output this ahk script's output suggests the M keys are not outputting standard scancodes Things i need to try snoopy pro + reverse engineering (oh dear) Wireshark - preliminary futzing around seems to indicate no scancodes emitted when what i seem to think is the keyboard is monitored and keys pressed. Might indicate additional keys are a seperate device or need to be initialised somehow. Need to cross reference that with lsusb output from linux, in 3 scenarios - standalone, passed through to a windows VM without the drivers installed, and the same with. LSUSB only detects one device on a standalone linux install It might be useful to check if the mice use the same razer synapse driver , since that means some variation of razercfg might work (not detected. only seems to work for mice) Things i have Have worked out: In a windows system with the driver, the keyboard is seen as a keyboard and a pointing device. And said pointing device uses, in addition to your bog standard mouse drivers.. a driver for something called a razer synapse. Mouse driver seen in linux under evdev and lsusb as well Single Device under OS X apparently, though i have yet to try lsusb equivilent on that Keyboard goes into pulsing backlight mode in OS X upon initialisation with the driver. This should probably indicate that there's some initialisation sequence sent to the keyboard on activation. They are, in fact, fancypants joojoo keys. Extending this question a little I have access to a windows system so if i need to use any tools on that to help answer the question, its fine. I can also try it on systems with and without the config utility. The expected end result is still to make those keys usable on linux however. I also realise this is a very specific family of hardware. I would be willing to test anything that makes sense on a linux system if i have detailed instructions - this should open up the question to people who have linux skills, but no access to this keyboard The minimum end result i require I need these keys detected, and usable in any fashion on any of the current graphical mainstream ubuntu varients

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• swapping or thrashing with vast amounts of unmapped pagecache

  - by Marco

  EDIT: I noticed that this is more appropriate for superuser.com, I apologize. I don't know how to delete this question. I'm using kubuntu jaunty (i386 32bit), kernel 2.6.28-13-generic. I've 4Gb of RAM, of which only 3317Mb are seen by the system (I guess because of the 32bit system). I'm seeing that the pagecache utilization is continually growing, up to the point that the system is unusable (after a few days). This happens also when I don't do anything (all user applications closed and the bare minimum of services enabled). If enabled, the system starts to use swap space (using it all in the end). Even if swap is disabled, disk activity becomes continuous, with the system unresponsive. For example, right now the system is working (albeit a tad slow), with only firefox and wing ide running, and I have 2Gb cached with only 45Mb mapped: $ free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3346388 3247328 99060 0 8416 2117980 -/+ buffers/cache: 1120932 2225456 Swap: 2144668 519448 1625220 $ cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 3346388 kB MemFree: 97128 kB Buffers: 7872 kB Cached: 2120224 kB SwapCached: 413860 kB Active: 2304596 kB Inactive: 865984 kB Active(anon): 2279168 kB Inactive(anon): 830236 kB Active(file): 25428 kB Inactive(file): 35748 kB Unevictable: 32 kB Mlocked: 32 kB HighTotal: 2492940 kB HighFree: 5456 kB LowTotal: 853448 kB LowFree: 91672 kB SwapTotal: 2144668 kB SwapFree: 1625244 kB Dirty: 84 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 629304 kB Mapped: 45768 kB Slab: 45600 kB SReclaimable: 21756 kB SUnreclaim: 23844 kB PageTables: 4468 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 3817860 kB Committed_AS: 3735020 kB VmallocTotal: 122880 kB VmallocUsed: 9352 kB VmallocChunk: 66600 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 4096 kB DirectMap4k: 16376 kB DirectMap4M: 888832 kB If I try to drop the caches, little happes: # sync ; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches ; free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3346388 3220580 125808 0 3020 2100600 -/+ buffers/cache: 1116960 2229428 Swap: 2144668 519356 1625312 Right now I've vm.swappiness = 5, but I've tried also with 0 and 1 (without noticeable differences). I've also tried vm.vfs_cache_pressure = 50 and 150 (again, no differences). As I said the pagecache eats all memory even with swapping turned off. What is happening? How to avoid this? TIA, Marco

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• svn 503 error when commit new files

  - by philipp

  I am struggling with a strange error when I try to commit my repository. I have a V-server with webmin installed on it. Via Webmin I installed an svn module, created repositories and everything worked fine until three days ago. Trying to commit brings the following error: Commit failed (details follow): Server sent unexpected return value (503 Service unavailable) in response to PROPFIND request for '/svn/rle/!svn/wrk/a1f963a7-0a33-fa48-bfde-183ea06ab958/RLE/.htaccess' Server sent unexpected return value (503 Service unavailable) in response to PROPFIND request for '/svn/rle/RLE/.htaccess' I google everywhere and found only very few solutions. One indicated that a wrong error document is set, another one dealt about the problem that filenames might cause this error and last but not least a wrong proxy configuration in the local svn config could be the reason. After trying all of the solutions suggested I could not reach anything. Only after a server reboot there was a little difference in the error-message, telling me that the server was not able to move a temp file, because the operation was permitted. So I also controlled the permissions of the svn directory, but also with no success. An svn update than restored the "normal" error from above and nothing changed since then. The only change I made on the server, I guess that this could be the reason why svn does not work anymore, was to install the php5_mysql module for apache via apt-get install php5_mysql. Atg the moment I have totally no idea where I could search. I don't know if the problem is on my server or in my repository and I would be glad to get any hint to solve this. Thanks in advance Greetings philipp error log: [Tue Oct 25 19:23:02 2011] [error] [client 217.50.254.18] Could not create activity /svn/rle/!svn/act/d8dd436f-d014-f047-8e87-01baac46a593. [500, #0] Tue Oct 25 19:23:02 2011] [error] [client 217.50.254.18] could not begin a transaction [500, #1] [Tue Oct 25 19:24:21 2011] [error] [client 217.50.254.18] Could not create activity /svn/rle/!svn/act/adac52c2-6f46-f540-b218-2f2ff03b51a4. [500, #0] http.conf: <Location /svn> DAV svn SVNParentPath /home/xxx/svn AuthType Basic AuthName xxx.de AuthUserFile /home/xxx/etc/svn.basic.passwd Require valid-user AuthzSVNAccessFile /home/xxx/etc/svn-access.conf Satisfy Any ErrorDocument 404 default RewriteEngine off </Location> The permissions for the repository directory are : rwxrwxrwx (0777). the directory /svn/rle/!svn/act/adac52c2-6f46-f540-b218-2f2ff03b51a4 does not exist on the server. I think this is part of the repository. So, I just just want to admit that i tried to reach the repository via Browser and i worked, I could see everything, so the error only occurs when I try to commit new files. I also created a second repository and tried to commit files in there, what gave me the same error.

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• Setting up a transparent SSL proxy

  - by badunk

  I've got a linux box set up with 2 network cards to inspect traffic going through port 80. One card is used to go out to the internet, the other one is hooked up to a networking switch. The point is to be able to inspect all HTTP and HTTPS traffic on devices hooked up to that switch for debugging purposes. I've written the following rules for iptables: nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.2.1:1337 -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 1337 -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.2.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE On 192.168.2.1:1337, I've got a transparent http proxy using Charles (http://www.charlesproxy.com/) for recording. Everything's fine for port 80, but when I add similar rules for port 443 (SSL) pointing to port 1337, I get an error about invalid message through Charles. I've used SSL proxying on the same computer before with Charles (http://www.charlesproxy.com/documentation/proxying/ssl-proxying/), but have been unsuccessful with doing it transparently for some reason. Some resources I've googled say its not possible - I'm willing to accept that as an answer if someone can explain why. As a note, I have full access to the described set up including all the clients hooked up to the subnet - so I can accept self-signed certs by Charles. The solution doesn't have to be Charles-specific since in theory, any transparent proxy will do. Thanks! Edit: After playing with it a little, I was able to get it working for a specific host. When I modify my iptables to the following (and open 1338 in charles for reverse proxy): nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.2.1:1337 -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 1337 -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.2.1:1338 -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 1338 -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.2.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE I am able to get a response, but with no destination host. In the reverse proxy, if I just specify that everything from 1338 goes to a specific host that I wanted to hit, it performs the hand shake properly and I can turn on SSL proxying to inspect the communication. The setup is less than ideal because I don't want to assume everything from 1338 goes to that host - any idea why the destination host is being stripped? Thanks again

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• Sendmail - Multiple Domains, One Box - Blocking One Or Two Domains

  - by TangoOversway

  I have a number of domains hosted at a web hosting service. They use sendmail to handle incoming email. I have six domains on this service (which we can call aaa.com, bbb.com and so on). Each email account has the same name and one email box. In other words, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] and all the others go into one box, /var/spool/mail/tango, where my email program on my desktop picks it up. I have done very little work in sendmail. I haven't had to, and I've been warned it's a steep learning curve. But now I'm running into an issue. I was in a business situation where, for years, my email address was on the website for aaa.com. (We won't go into why this was necessary - it wasn't my preference and it's in the past.) Now I'm using [email protected] instead of [email protected]. I was getting about 1,000 or more pieces of spam a day, but SpamAssassin and my own email program caught about 75% of that. (Which still left stuff to delete.) Now, after checking, I see that 90% or more goes to [email protected], the one that was on the web for years. I'd like to deactivate [email protected] and possibly [email protected] and [email protected], but want to keep using [email protected]. Remember, email to tango at any of these domains will go into one email box. I've had people tell me that sendmail can be configured so I can deactivate [email protected] (and other domains) and still use [email protected] (and others, if I want to). In other words, I can configure sendmail to use this account on some domains and not others. One of the people who was teling me this was in tech support at the hosting service. But I wrote to tech support with a work order to do this and now I'm told it can't be done. I can modify config files myself on this account if needed, but I was hoping to just let them do it. (I love delegation -- it means I spend more time doing my stuff.) Is it possible to keep an email account active on one domain and not others with sendmail, when all domains are hosted on the same server? Is there a name for this process or setting? Any information would be helpful - either pointers to instructions so I can do it, or enough info so I can tell tech support, "This is where to look, and it can be done, so please pass my request on to someone who works with sendmail and knows how to do it." Is this something sendmail can do?

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• Automating the choice between JPEG and PNG with a script

  - by MHC

  Choosing the right format to save your images in is crucial for preserving image quality and reducing artifacts. Different formats follow different compression methods and come with their own set of advantages and disadvantages. JPG, for instance is suited for real life photographs that are rich in color gradients. The lossless PNG, on the other hand, is far superior when it comes to schematic figures: Picking the right format can be a chore when working with a large number of files. That's why I would love to find a way to automate it. A little bit of background on my particular use case: I am working on a number of handouts for a series of lectures at my unversity. The handouts are rich in figures, which I have to extract from PDF-formatted slides. Extracting these images gives me lossless PNGs, which are needlessly large at times. Converting these particular files to JPEG can reduce their size to up to less than 20% of their original file size, while maintaining the same quality. This is important as working with hundreds of large images in word processors is pretty crash-prone. Batch converting all extracted PNGs to JPEGs is not an option I am willing to follow, as many if not most images are better suited to be formatted as PNGs. Converting these would result in insignificant size reductions and sometimes even increases in filesize - that's at least what my test runs showed. What we can take from this is that file size after compression can serve as an indicator on what format is suited best for a particular image. It's not a particularly accurate predictor, but works well enough. So why not use it in form of a script: I included inotifywait because I would prefer for the script be executed automatically as soon as I drag an extracted image into a folder. This is a simpler version of the script that I've been using for the last couple of weeks: #!/bin/bash inotifywait -m --format "%w%f" --exclude '.jpg' -r -e create -e moved_to --fromfile '/home/MHC/.scripts/Workflow/Conversion/include_inotifywait' | while read file; do mogrify -format jpg -quality 92 "$file" done The advanced version of the script would have to be able to handle spaces in file names and directory names preserve the original file names flatten PNG images if an alpha value is set compare the file size between the temporary converted image and its original determine if the difference is greater than a given precentage act accordingly The actual conversion could be done with imagemagick tools: convert -quality 92 -flatten -background white file.png file.jpg Unfortunately, my bash skills aren't even close to advanced enough to convert the scheme above into an actual script, but I am sure many of you can. My reputation points on here are pretty low, but I will gladly award the most helpful answer with the highest bounty I can set. References: http://www.formortals.com/introducing-cnb-imageguide/, http://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/png-vs-jpg Edit: Also see my comments below for some more information on why I think this script would be the best solution to the problem I am facing.

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• Confusion on networking service start/stop in Ubuntu

  - by Daniel Ball

  I'm preparing to move and took down two of my servers, leaving only one with some essential services running. What I neglected to consider was that one was the DHCP server(which I realized when somebody contacted me saying they couldn't connect. Whups). So because I only have a few hosts on this small network, I opted to just statically configure them for now. One of these is a new Ubuntu 11.04 server, where I have very little experience. I edited /etc/network/interfaces and /etc/hosts to reflect my changes. I ran $sudo /etc/init.d/networking stop *deconfiguring network interfaces ... So yay. Then I try to start, it gives me the mumbo jumbo about using services (why didn't it do that for the stop?) So instead I run ... $sudo service networking start networking stop/waiting Now, to me that says the status of the service is stopped. But when I ping another computer, I get a successful reply. So is it not actually stopped? More importantly, am I doing something wrong? Edit daniel@FOOBAR:~$ sudo service networking status networking stop/waiting daniel@FOOBAR:~$ sudo service networking stop stop: Unknown instance: daniel@FOOBAR:~$ sudo service networking status networking stop/waiting daniel@FOOBAR:~$ sudo service networking start networking stop/waiting daniel@FOOBAR:~$ sudo service networking status networking stop/waiting So you can see why I ran /etc/init.d/networking stop instead. For some reason upstart (that is what "services" is, right?) isn't working with stop. cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost 127.0.1.1 FOOBAR 198.3.9.2 FOOBAR #Added entry July 19 2011 # The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts ::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback fe00::0 ip6-localnet ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters cat /etc/network/interfaces # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface #auto eth0 #iface eth0 inet dhcp # hostname FOOBAR auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 198.3.9.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 198.3.9.0 broadcast 198.3.9.255 gateway 198.3.9.15 No I didn't save backups, it was just a minor change so I just commented out the old DHCP setting. Edit I set everything back to original settings and set up a DHCP server. "starting" networking does the same thing. I can only assume this is normal, I just don't know WHY. It can't be anything to do with the configuration files, since they've been restored.

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• Linux Software RAID recovery

  - by Zoredache

  I am seeing a discrepancy between the output of mdadm --detail and mdadm --examine, and I don't understand why. This output mdadm --detail /dev/md2 /dev/md2: Version : 0.90 Creation Time : Wed Mar 14 18:20:52 2012 Raid Level : raid10 Array Size : 3662760640 (3493.08 GiB 3750.67 GB) Used Dev Size : 1465104256 (1397.23 GiB 1500.27 GB) Raid Devices : 5 Total Devices : 5 Preferred Minor : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Seems to contradict this. (the same for every disk in the array) mdadm --examine /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdc2: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 0.90.00 UUID : 1f54d708:60227dd6:163c2a05:89fa2e07 (local to host) Creation Time : Wed Mar 14 18:20:52 2012 Raid Level : raid10 Used Dev Size : 1465104320 (1397.23 GiB 1500.27 GB) Array Size : 2930208640 (2794.46 GiB 3000.53 GB) Raid Devices : 5 Total Devices : 5 Preferred Minor : 2 The array was created like this. mdadm -v --create /dev/md2 \ --level=raid10 --layout=o2 --raid-devices=5 \ --chunk=64 --metadata=0.90 \ /dev/sdg2 /dev/sdf2 /dev/sde2 /dev/sdd2 /dev/sdc2 Each of the 5 individual drives have partitions like this. Disk /dev/sdc: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930277168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00057754 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 2048 34815 16384 83 Linux /dev/sdc2 34816 2930243583 1465104384 fd Linux raid autodetect Backstory So the SATA controller failed in a box I provide some support for. The failure was a ugly and so individual drives fell out of the array a little at a time. While there are backups, we the are not really done as frequently as we really need. There is some data that I am trying to recover if I can. I got additional hardware and I was able to access the drives again. The drives appear to be fine, and I can get the array and filesystem active and mounted (using read-only mode). I am able to access some data on the filesystem and have been copying that off, but I am seeing lots of errors when I try to copy the most recent data. When I am trying to access that most recent data I am getting errors like below which makes me think that the array size discrepancy may be the problem. Mar 14 18:26:04 server kernel: [351588.196299] dm-7: rw=0, want=6619839616, limit=6442450944 Mar 14 18:26:04 server kernel: [351588.196309] attempt to access beyond end of device Mar 14 18:26:04 server kernel: [351588.196313] dm-7: rw=0, want=6619839616, limit=6442450944 Mar 14 18:26:04 server kernel: [351588.199260] attempt to access beyond end of device Mar 14 18:26:04 server kernel: [351588.199264] dm-7: rw=0, want=20647626304, limit=6442450944 Mar 14 18:26:04 server kernel: [351588.202446] attempt to access beyond end of device Mar 14 18:26:04 server kernel: [351588.202450] dm-7: rw=0, want=19973212288, limit=6442450944 Mar 14 18:26:04 server kernel: [351588.205516] attempt to access beyond end of device Mar 14 18:26:04 server kernel: [351588.205520] dm-7: rw=0, want=8009695096, limit=6442450944

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• How can you know what is w3wp.exe doing? (or how to diagnose a performance problem)

  - by Daniel Magliola

  I'm having a performance problem in a site we've made, and I'm not exactly sure how to start diagnosing it. The short description is: We have a very small site (http://hearablog.com) with very little traffic, in a crappy dedicated server, CPU is always very high, sometimes it stays at 100% for minutes, and w3wp.exe is taking most of it. A typical scenario is w3wp.exe takes 60%, and SQL Server takes about 30%. Our DB is pretty small too. Long description and more details: The site is hosted in a very crappy server by Cari.Net. From the beginning we had the feeling that the server didn't quite behave correctly, like some things would take just too long, so this could be a configuration problem from the get go. It may also be that we are getting a virtual server while we're supposed to have a dedicated one, although we have no evidence that'd indicate this, except for the fact that the server tends to be quite slow. The server is Windows 2008 Standard 64-bit, with SQL 2008 Express Hardware is a Celeron 2.80 GHz, 1Gb RAM The website is developed in ASP.Net MVC, using Entity Framework for data access. Now, this is pretty crappy hardware, but i've had other servers with these guys, with equivalent (or worse) HW, and performance is much better than this one. That said, the other servers have W2003 and SQL2005, and I'm using ASP.Net "WebForms" 2.0, no MVC, no LINQ, no EF; so I'm not sure whether going to 2008 / the other stuff means a big performance penalty is expected. I'm serving MP3 files (5-20 Mb) regularly, which is a slightly unusual load, maybe that is causing some kind of problems? Would that cause w3wp to use a lot of CPU? Disk usage seems very low. Memory is usually around 90%, but disk usage seems to indicate it's not paging much. I get tons of e-mails every day about SQL timeouts, for queries taking over 30 seconds, although all our queries are pretty straightforward (or should be, but EF may be screwing it up). This is what resource monitor looks like in one of these "sprints" of 100% CPU, in case there's anything useful there. And a snapshot of some performance counters: Now, what confuses me very much is that CPU usage of w3wp is just so high. It shouldn't be doing much really... So my questions are... Is there any way of finding out "what" it is doing? Maybe even profile it? Any performance counters I should be looking at? Is this to be expected given this hardware/software configuration? Is this could be cause by some kind of configuration failure, where would you start looking? Thank you VERY much. Daniel Magliola

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• Outlook Anywhere inconsistencies with authentication methods

  - by gravyface

  So I've read this question and attempted just about every other workaround I've found online. Problem seems completely illogical to me, anyways: SBS 2011, vanilla install; haven't touched anything in IIS or Exchange outside of what's been done through the checklist (brand new domain, completely new customer) except to import an existing wildcard certificate for *.example.com (which is valid, Remote Web Workplace and Outlook Web Access work fine). On the two test machines and one production machine running a mixture of Windows XP Pro, Windows 7 and Outlook 2003 through to 2010, I've had no problem saving the password after configuring Outlook Anywhere using the wrong authentication method. I repeat, I have had no issues using the wrong authentication method on these test machines; password saves the first time, no problem, can verify it exists in the credentials manager (Start Run control userpasswords2), close Outlook, reboot, go make a sammie, come back, credentials are still saved. When I say wrong, it's because I was choosing NTLM and Exchange (under Exchange Console Server Configuration Client Access) was set by default to use Basic. On two completely different machines setup by a co-worker, they had (under my guidance) used NTLM as well... except that frustratingly, Outlook would always ask for a password. One machine was Windows XP with Outlook 2010, the other was Windows 7 with Outlook 2003. When these two machines were set to use Basic -- the correct settings -- the option to save was there and now works without issue. Puzzled by how my machines could possibly work with the wrong authentication, I then went into one of them and changed the authentication method to Basic. Now here's where it gets a little crazy: if I go under Outlook and change the authentication to use the correct setting (Basic) it fails to save the password and Outlook prompts every time (without a "remember me" checkbox). I have not had a chance to change it to Basic on the other two machines to see if this is just a fluke or not, but something just isn't right here. My two hunches are either a missing/installed KB Update or perhaps a local security policy. I should add that none of the 5 test machines in the equation here have ever been joined to the domain.

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• Ubuntu and Belkin N150 f6d4050 Wireless USB adapter v2

  - by Andrew

  I'm new to Ubuntu, and I'm trying to get my Belkin USB adapter to work. There are plenty of discussions out there already about this, but none really helped me out. Here's what I've done - Installed ndiswrapper Installed ndisgtk Installed the driver (rt2870.inf) via ndisgtk ndisgtk reported that the driver was installed and the hardware was present. The green light on the adapter is solid green, which I assume means that Ubuntu is aware of it's presence. However, when I click the little wireless symbol at the navigation bar, there's no option to choose my adapter (assuming that it's supposed to show up there...) My adapter version is F6D4050 - Where do I go from here? I'm a Ubuntu newb, so speak slowly. :P lsusb - andrew@ubuntu:~$ lsusb Bus 002 Device 003: ID 046d:c517 Logitech, Inc. LX710 Cordless Desktop Laser Bus 002 Device 002: ID 04f9:0229 Brother Industries, Ltd Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 004: ID 050d:935b Belkin Components Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub lsmod - andrew@ubuntu:~$ lsmod Module Size Used by binfmt_misc 7960 1 fbcon 39270 71 tileblit 2487 1 fbcon font 8053 1 fbcon bitblit 5811 1 fbcon softcursor 1565 1 bitblit vga16fb 12757 0 vgastate 9857 1 vga16fb snd_cmipci 37557 2 snd_intel8x0 31155 2 snd_ac97_codec 125394 1 snd_intel8x0 ac97_bus 1450 1 snd_ac97_codec snd_mpu401 6875 0 snd_pcm_oss 41394 0 snd_mixer_oss 16299 1 snd_pcm_oss snd_pcm 87882 4 snd_cmipci,snd_intel8x0,snd_ac97_codec,snd_pcm_oss snd_opl3_lib 10846 1 snd_cmipci snd_hwdep 6924 1 snd_opl3_lib snd_mpu401_uart 6857 2 snd_cmipci,snd_mpu401 snd_seq_dummy 1782 0 snd_seq_oss 31219 0 snd_seq_midi 5829 0 snd_rawmidi 23420 2 snd_mpu401_uart,snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event 7267 2 snd_seq_oss,snd_seq_midi snd_seq 57481 6 snd_seq_dummy,snd_seq_oss,snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event nouveau 515227 2 ttm 60847 1 nouveau snd_timer 23649 3 snd_pcm,snd_opl3_lib,snd_seq snd_seq_device 6888 6 snd_opl3_lib,snd_seq_dummy,snd_seq_oss,snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq ns558 3704 0 ppdev 6375 0 drm_kms_helper 30742 1 nouveau joydev 11072 0 ndiswrapper 244768 0 gameport 10966 3 snd_cmipci,ns558 usblp 12407 0 asus_atk0110 10033 0 parport_pc 29958 1 serio_raw 4918 0 drm 199204 4 nouveau,ttm,drm_kms_helper i2c_algo_bit 6024 1 nouveau edac_core 45423 0 edac_mce_amd 9278 0 k8temp 3912 0 snd 71106 23 snd_cmipci,snd_intel8x0,snd_ac97_codec,snd_mpu401,snd_pcm_oss,snd_mixer_oss,snd_pcm,snd_opl3_lib,snd_hwdep,snd_mpu401_u art,snd_seq_oss,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq,snd_timer,snd_seq_device soundcore 8052 1 snd snd_page_alloc 8500 2 snd_intel8x0,snd_pcm i2c_nforce2 6099 0 lp 9336 0 parport 37160 3 ppdev,parport_pc,lp hid_logitech 8820 0 ff_memless 5109 1 hid_logitech ohci1394 30260 0 usbhid 41084 1 hid_logitech hid 83440 2 hid_logitech,usbhid usb_storage 49833 0 skge 41049 0 ieee1394 94771 1 ohci1394 sata_sil 8895 0 forcedeth 55592 0 sata_nv 23778 1 pata_amd 11962 1 floppy 63156 0

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• Multi-Role Domain Controllers for Small Offices (< 50 clients)

  - by kce

  Warning: I'm a Linux/*NIX admin so this is all new to me. I understand that it's not considered a good idea to have only a single domain controller, and that it is also probably a good idea for a domain controller to only do AD/DHCP/DNS (Here). We have two offices, location A with 30 users and location B with 10 users. Our two offices are separated by a WAN that is not particularly robust so I have be instructed that we need to have standalone services in each office. This means that according to "best practices" we will need to build a domain controller and a separate file server in each office. Again, I am not knowledgeable in the ways of Windows but this seems a little unnecessary for an organization of 40 users. People have commented that I could "get away with" running file services on the domain controller as long as the "load is light". That just seems to generate more questions than it answers. What constitutes light load? What are the potential consequences of mixing these roles? Ideally I would prefer to only have one physical machine at each location. The one in location A (the location with IT staff) can act as the primary domain controller and the one in the smaller office can act as the backup domain controller. If either domain controller fails we can still use the other one for authentication (albeit with some latency) and if the WAN connection fails each office still has access to their respective "local" domain controller. If the file services are ALSO run on each server (and synchronized with something like DFS), a similar arrangement in terms of redundancy can be had without having to purchase, build and install two additional separate servers. It's not that I'm adverse to that (well, any more adverse than I am to whole thing to begin with) but to my simple mind it just seems, well a bit overkill. I can definitely see the benefits of functional separation when we're talking larger organizations, but I need to consider the additional overhead too. None of this excludes having a DRP setup for the domain controller/s. I assume you can lose two domain controllers just as easily as one.

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• Virtual Network Interface and NAT disables localhost access for MySQL and Apache

  - by Interarticle

  I'm running an Ubuntu Server 12.04, and recently I configured it to do NAT for my laptop. Since the server has only one NIC, I followed instructions online to create a virtual network device (eth0:0) that has a LAN IP address, then further configured iptables and UFW to allow internet sharing. However, just a few days ago, I discovered that one of the PHP pages hosted on the server failed for no apparent reason. A little digging revealed that the MySQL server started refusing connections from localhost. The same happened with a page (PhpMyAdmin) that was configured to be accessible only from localhost (in Apache2). The error, as shown by $mysql --protocol=tcp -u root -p looks like ERROR 1130 (HY000): Host '<host name of eth0>' is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server However, the funny thing is, I configured the mysql server to allow root access from localhost (only). Moreover, the mysql server listens only on 127.0.0.1:3306, as shown by: sudo netstat -npa | head Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1029/mysqld which means that the connection could have only come from 127.0.0.1 (Note that MySQL is working because I can still connect to it via unix domain sockets) In effect, it seems that all tcp connections originating from 127.0.0.1 to 127.0.0.1 appear to any local daemon to come from the eth0 IP address. Indeed, apache2 allowed me to access PhpMyAdmin after I added allow <eth0 IP address>. The following are my network configurations (redacted): /etc/hosts: 127.0.0.1 localhost 211.x.x.x <host name of eth0> <server name> #IPv6 Defaults follows .... /etc/network/interfaces: auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 211.x.x.x netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 211.x.x.x dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 # dns-* options are implemented by the resolvconf package, if installed dns-search xxxxxxx.com hwaddress ether xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx auto eth0:0 iface eth0:0 inet static address 192.168.57.254 netmask 255.255.254.0 broadcast 192.168.57.255 network 192.168.57.0 /etc/ufw/sysctl.conf: #Uncommented the following lines net/ipv4/ip_forward=1 net/ipv6/conf/default/forwarding=1 /etc/default/ufw: DEFAULT_FORWARD_POLICY="ACCEPT" #Changed DROP to ACCEPT /etc/init/internet-sharing.conf (upstart script I wrote), section pre-start script: iptables -A FORWARD -o eth0 -i eth0:0 -s 192.168.57.22 -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -j MASQUERADE Note again that my problem here is that programs cannot access localhost tcp services, from the server itself, and that access is blocked because the services have access control allowing only 127.0.0.1. I have no problem connecting (as in TCP connections) to services via tcp, even if the services listen only on 127.0.0.1. I do NOT want to connect to the services from another computer.

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• Tuning Linux IP routing parameters -- secret_interval and tcp_mem

  - by Jeff Atwood

  We had a little failover problem with one of our HAProxy VMs today. When we dug into it, we found this: Jan 26 07:41:45 haproxy2 kernel: [226818.070059] __ratelimit: 10 callbacks suppressed Jan 26 07:41:45 haproxy2 kernel: [226818.070064] Out of socket memory Jan 26 07:41:47 haproxy2 kernel: [226819.560048] Out of socket memory Jan 26 07:41:49 haproxy2 kernel: [226822.030044] Out of socket memory Which, per this link, apparently has to do with low default settings for net.ipv4.tcp_mem. So we increased them by 4x from their defaults (this is Ubuntu Server, not sure if the Linux flavor matters): current values are: 45984 61312 91968 new values are: 183936 245248 367872 After that, we started seeing a bizarre error message: Jan 26 08:18:49 haproxy1 kernel: [ 2291.579726] Route hash chain too long! Jan 26 08:18:49 haproxy1 kernel: [ 2291.579732] Adjust your secret_interval! Shh.. it's a secret!! This apparently has to do with /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/secret_interval which defaults to 600 and controls periodic flushing of the route cache The secret_interval instructs the kernel how often to blow away ALL route hash entries regardless of how new/old they are. In our environment this is generally bad. The CPU will be busy rebuilding thousands of entries per second every time the cache is cleared. However we set this to run once a day to keep memory leaks at bay (though we've never had one). While we are happy to reduce this, it seems odd to recommend dropping the entire route cache at regular intervals, rather than simply pushing old values out of the route cache faster. After some investigation, we found /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_elasticity which seems to be a better option for keeping the route table size in check: gc_elasticity can best be described as the average bucket depth the kernel will accept before it starts expiring route hash entries. This will help maintain the upper limit of active routes. We adjusted elasticity from 8 to 4, in the hopes of the route cache pruning itself more aggressively. The secret_interval does not feel correct to us. But there are a bunch of settings and it's unclear which are really the right way to go here. /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_elasticity (8) /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_interval (60) /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_min_interval (0) /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_timeout (300) /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/secret_interval (600) /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_thresh (?) rhash_entries (kernel parameter, default unknown?) We don't want to make the Linux routing worse, so we're kind of afraid to mess with some of these settings. Can anyone advise which routing parameters are best to tune, for a high traffic HAProxy instance?

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