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  • merging two partitions on ubuntu

    - by gthm geeky
    This is how my partitions look like in Ubuntu. I would like to merge two partitions /dev/sda8 and /dev/sda/7 because I am unable to use both of them. /dev/sda8 111G 2.7G 103G 3% / udev 1.9G 12K 1.9G 1% /dev tmpfs 763M 864K 762M 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 1.9G 252K 1.9G 1% /run/shm none 100M 72K 100M 1% /run/user /dev/sda7 117G 52M 111G 1% /home Please let me know if there is any way to do it. And all the partitions looks ugly..I would like to have only one partition which would be my home folder.

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  • How do I minimize Evolution to the system tray in Ubuntu?

    - by Jephir
    In Ubuntu some applications can be set to minimize instead of exit on close. For example, Empathy minimizes to the system tray (mail icon) when the close button is pressed in the application window. How do I make Evolution do this as well? Essentially I would like to have Evolution hidden in the system tray instead of having to re-launch it every ten minutes to check for new messages (or leave it open and clutter the taskbar).

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  • Debian - Problems Unmounting External Hard Drives

    - by user331981
    I recently installed Debian Testing on a new laptop and I just noticed that I am having some issues with unmounting external hard drives. I am using Mate Desktop 1.8.1. With the 1st drive, if I right click on the drive and select “safely remove”: The drive unmounts, spins down, immediately spins back up an remounts. Unable to unmount. With the 2nd drive, if I right click on the drive and select “safely remove”: The drive unmounts but does not spin down. With the 3rd drive, if I right click on the drive and select “safely remove”: The drive unmounts but does not spin down, immediately spins back up but does not remount, and after 20 seconds, it spins down and stays that way. Behavior is the same on both USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 ports. On my last laptop, on which I also used Debian Testing + Mate desktop, the safe removal of drives worked out of the box and I never had an issue with it. The drives would unmount, spin down and stay that way. To remount the drive, one needed to unplug the device and plug it back in. I am unsure how to troubleshoot this issue and I am not sure if it is merely a matter of installing a “missing” package of editing a config file. Thank you in advance.

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  • Is data=journal on a separate device on Ext4 as good as using a RAID controller with battery backed cache for file system consistency?

    - by Jeff Strunk
    It seems to me that data=journal prevents file system inconsistency in the case of power failure. Using it with a dedicated journal device mitigates the performance penalty of writing the data twice. A power outage would still lose the data that is currently being written to the journal, but the file system on disk would always be consistent. If that amount of loss is acceptable, is a RAID controller with battery backed cache really worthwhile?

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  • How to configure OpenVPN server to use custom default gateway?

    - by Arenim
    I have a vpn server at address 10.1.0.2 and the server have another ip in it's network -- 10.0.0.2 in his subnet (it's a tun2socks router). But default server's gateway is NOT 10.0.0.2 (and it's ok) but another external IP. I want all the client's traffic to be forwarded through this ip address -- 10.0.0.2. Here is part of my server's config: dev tap0 server-bridge 10.1.0.1 255.255.255.0 10.1.0.50 10.1.0.100 push "route 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0" ; now client can ping 10.0.0.2 push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" push "dhcp-option DNS 10.1.0.1" push "dhcp-option WINS 10.1.0.1" in fact i want some like push "redirect-gateway 10.0.0.2" How can I achieve this?

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  • How can I ensure that my static ip address is read from /etc/network/interfaces rather than dhcp?

    - by jonderry
    This is a follow up to the following question. I'm trying to set a static IP by changing /etc/network/interfaces to the following: # interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8) auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.2.133 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.2.1 dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 and then running /sbin/ifdown eth0; /sbin/ifup eth0. However, the change in IP address doesn't appear to take effect without editing /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf and commenting out the following before running ifdown; ifup: request subnet-mask, broadcast-address, time-offset, routers, domain-name, domain-name-servers, domain-search, host-name, dhcp6.name-servers, dhcp6.domain-search, netbios-name-servers, netbios-scope, interface-mtu, rfc3442-classless-static-routes, ntp-servers, dhcp6.fqdn, dhcp6.sntp-servers; Strangely, after commenting out this line, running ifdown; ifup works, but when I uncomment it, the behavior does not revert to the previous behavior of ignoring changes to my settings in /etc/network/interfaces (this doesn't seem like a problem, but I really need to be able to repeat this problem so that I can be confident that my solution is robust) Also, I'd rather not have to edit /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf to change my static IP since it seems I should be able to do this by only editing interfaces. Can anyone explain the issues I'm seeing above and suggest the best way of making changes to static IP addresses take effect that admits reproducibility so that I can be sure that my approach works?

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  • What is excessive swapping.

    - by amateur barista
    This post led me to ask that question. Cache contention On a large site, if you are using MyISAM, contention occurs in the database tables when the cache is forced to clear after a node or a comment is added. With tens of thousands of filter text snippets needing to be deleted, the table will be locked for a long period, and any accesses to it will be queued pending the purge of the data in it. The same is true for the page cache as well. This often causes a "site hang" for a minute or two. During that time new requests keep piling up, and if you do not have the MaxClients parameter in Apache setup correctly, the system can go into thrashing because of excessive swapping.

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  • Two distinct mount points with one device

    - by user1761555
    After being disappointed with Ubuntu's release update feature, I finally decided to have separate mount points for / and /home. Towards this, I reformatted my HDD giving most of my drive to sda1(meant to be /home) and allocated about 40GB to rootfs (/). Unfortunately, I would also like to have a /projects which is to be located on sda1. Currently, sda1 is being mounted as /dev/sda1 on /home type ext4 (rw) I've tried looking online for a solution to this problem..however, I'm not sure as to what to look for! Is it possible to mount the 'home' directory of sda1 as /home and 'projects' directory of sda1 as /projects?

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  • Stopping immediate right button up in Mint 13 (Cinnamon) actioning first menu choice

    - by jontyc
    In Windows, a single right click (i.e., with release) displays a context menu on the screen, allowing you to select the appropriate choice with a further click from either button. In Mint 13, Cinnamon, it's hold down the right button, drag, then release on the appropriate menu choice. Both methods are fine, but constantly using both OSs regularly, I'm doing the Windows procedure in Mint by mistake all the time. This makes the single right click and release bring up the context menu and immediately action the first menu choice. Is there any mechanism to ignore right-button-up if a substantial dragging action or time period hasn't occurred, and have Mint looking for a further click to select?

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  • How can I make zsh completion behave like Bash completion?

    - by Nate
    I switched to zsh, but I dislike the completion. If I have 20 files, each with a shared prefix, on pressing tab, zsh will fully complete the first file, then continue going through the list with each press of tab. If I want one near the end, I would have to press tab many times. In bash, this was simple - press tab and I would get the prefix. If I continued typing (and pressing tab), bash would complete as far as it could be certain of. I find this behavior to be much more intuitive but prefer the other features of zsh to bash. Is there a way to get this style of completion? Google suggested setopt bash_autolist, but this had no effect for me (and no error message was printed upon starting my shell). Thanks.

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  • udev rule not being executed

    - by jyavenard
    I have the following device that udevadm lists as: looking at device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.7/0000:09:00.0/usb6/6-2/6-2:1.0/ttyUSB0/tty/ttyUSB0': KERNEL=="ttyUSB0" SUBSYSTEM=="tty" DRIVER=="" looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.7/0000:09:00.0/usb6/6-2/6-2:1.0/ttyUSB0': KERNELS=="ttyUSB0" SUBSYSTEMS=="usb-serial" DRIVERS=="pl2303" ATTRS{port_number}=="0" looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.7/0000:09:00.0/usb6/6-2/6-2:1.0': KERNELS=="6-2:1.0" SUBSYSTEMS=="usb" DRIVERS=="pl2303" ATTRS{bInterfaceNumber}=="00" ATTRS{bAlternateSetting}==" 0" ATTRS{bNumEndpoints}=="03" ATTRS{bInterfaceClass}=="ff" ATTRS{bInterfaceSubClass}=="00" ATTRS{bInterfaceProtocol}=="00" ATTRS{supports_autosuspend}=="1" So I created the rule: KERNEL=="ttyUSB0", SUBSYSTEM=="tty", SUBSYSTEMS=="usb-serial", DRIVERS=="pl2303", KERNELS=="6-2:1.0", SYMLINK+="cc128serial" this doesn't work. However if I do: KERNEL=="ttyUSB0", SUBSYSTEM=="tty", SUBSYSTEMS=="usb-serial", DRIVERS=="pl2303", SYMLINK+="cc128serial" then it works. I tried with KERNELS=="6*" etc.. to no available any ideas ? thanks

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  • Ubuntu reset network configuration

    - by user1103294
    When I boot up my ubuntu server, it cannot connect to my wireless network anymore. It says "waiting for network configuration" for 60 seconds, boots up, but no wireless. I suspect it's because of the following reasons. I used to connect to a wireless connection named 2WIRE555, password: 123abc But then I upgraded my connection and my new wireless connection was named 2WIRE444, password:111111 Being lazy, I simply renamed 2WIRE555 to 2WIRE444 and changed the password accordingly. I was hoping this would work but ever since then my network configurations is messed up. So back to the issue, how do I reset my network configurations for my Ubuntu 11.10 server?

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  • Optimize Apache performance

    - by Phliplip
    I'm looking for ways to optimize our current web server hosted in-house. I'm trying to supply as much relevant information below. Please let me know if you would require additional information in order to assist. Server is running 1 single website, which is an online pizza ordering platform built on Zend Framework (ver1). On traffic stats from the last month aprox 6.000 pageloads per day, concentrated mainly around dinnertime. Around 1500 loads/hour peaks in that period. We recently upgraded from a 2/2mbit aDSL-line to 100/100mbit fiber, and we still have performance issues at dinner time. We assumed the 2mbit was the issue. Website is pretty snappy in low-load periods. Hardware CPU: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU 5160 @ 3.00GHz (3000.13-MHz K8-class CPU) Mem: 328M Active, 4427M Inact, 891M Wired, 244M Cache, 623M Buf, 33M Free Swap: 16G Total, 468K Used, 16G Free (6GB physical, 16GB swap) Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Capacity Mounted on /dev/ad7s1a ufs 4.8G 768M 3.7G 17% / devfs devfs 1.0K 1.0K 0B 100% /dev /dev/ad7s1g ufs 176G 5.2G 157G 3% /home /dev/ad7s1e ufs 4.8G 2.8M 4.5G 0% /tmp /dev/ad7s1f ufs 19G 3.5G 14G 19% /usr /dev/ad7s1d ufs 4.8G 550M 3.9G 12% /var Server OS FreeBSD 8.2-RELEASE Software apache-2.2.17 php5-5.3.8 mysql-server-5.5 Apache footprint (example, taken from # top) 31140 www 1 45 0 377M 41588K lockf 2 0:00 0.00% httpd 31122 www 1 44 0 375M 35416K lockf 2 0:00 0.00% httpd 31109 www 1 44 0 375M 38188K lockf 2 0:00 0.00% httpd 31113 www 1 44 0 375M 35188K lockf 2 0:00 0.00% httpd Apache is using the prefork MPM, APC (Alternative PHP Cache). SSL module is loaded, but not utilized (as in don't really work, thus not used). There is a file containing settings for MPM modules, but as i see it's not included in the httpd.conf file, the include line is commented out. Thus i would guess that the prefork MPM is working of default values too. Here are some other Apache conf values that i found - which are included in https.conf Timeout 300 KeepAlive On MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 KeepAliveTimeout 5 UseCanonicalName Off HostnameLookups Off

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  • Why doesn't the value in /proc/meminfo seem to map exactly to the system RAM?

    - by Eric Asberry
    The values in /proc/meminfo for MemTotal don't make sense. As a human, eyeballing it, it seems to roughly correspond to the installed RAM, but for using it to display the installed RAM from an automated utility it appears to be inexact, and inconsistent. For a system with 1G of RAM, I would expect the MemTotal line to have a value of 1048576 - 1024*1024. But instead, I'm seeing 1029392. On another 4G box, I'm seeing 3870172, which is not a multiple of 1024, and it's not even close to 1029392*4. On an 8G box, I get 8128204, which again seems to have no correlation to the other values, nor is it a multiple of 1024. I'm trying to use this information to report the RAM on a status web page. My work-around is to just "round" it to the nearest 1G multiple, but I'd like to understand why these values seem inconsistent and don't match my expectations. Can somebody fill me in on what I'm missing here? EDIT: To expand on the accepted answer below.... The reference can be found here. Also of interest to me from that page, which explains the inconsistency, is this bit: meminfo: Provides information about distribution and utilization of memory. This varies by architecture and compile options. ...

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  • Ask filesystem if it is mounted

    - by Brian
    How can I see if a (ext3) filesystem is mounted by asking the filesystem directly (i.e. the same way that the system does when it boots and sees that it was not unmounted cleanly)? Checking the output of mount is no good because the filesystem might be mounted by a virtual machine. I know I can run fsck and it will abort if the filesystem is mounted, but I don't need to actually check the filesystem.

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  • Iptables - forward email ports?

    - by Emmet Brown
    im trying to open some local ports (LAN) and then re-direct them to another server (WAN) using iptables. Here is my config: #WAN allow-hotplug eth1 auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static #Tarjeta red WAN address 192.168.2.2 gateway 192.168.2.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 #LAN allow-hotplug eth0 auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.16.6 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.16.0 broadcast 192.168.16.255 I try this: iptables -A PREROUTING -t nat -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 110 -j DNAT --to 200.40.30.218:110 iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -i eth0 -o eth1 -d 200.40.30.218 --dport 110 -j ACCEPT iptables -A PREROUTING -t nat -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 25 -j DNAT --to 200.40.30.218:25 iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -i eth0 -o ethq -d 200.40.30.218 --dport 25 -j ACCEPT but, it did not work. i also try changeing eth0 to eth1 (and eth1 to eth0) but nothing happened. Starting Nmap 5.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2011-10-03 14:44 UYST Interesting ports on 192.168.16.6: Not shown: 997 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE 22/tcp open ssh 111/tcp open rpcbind 8080/tcp open http-proxy Im running debian. Can u guys help me to check what is happening? edit: IPTABLES-SAVE # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.8 on Mon Oct 3 15:43:14 2011 *mangle :PREROUTING ACCEPT [139993:77867651] :INPUT ACCEPT [139385:77761761] :FORWARD ACCEPT [186:12071] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [173556:74341650] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [173734:74352988] COMMIT # Completed on Mon Oct 3 15:43:14 2011 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.8 on Mon Oct 3 15:43:14 2011 *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [1649:190626] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [6729:339646] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [6697:337660] -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 110 -j DNAT --to-destination 200.40.30.218:110 -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 25 -j DNAT --to-destination 200.40.30.218:25 COMMIT # Completed on Mon Oct 3 15:43:14 2011 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.8 on Mon Oct 3 15:43:14 2011 *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [138307:77066136] :FORWARD ACCEPT [168:11207] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [172288:73655708] -A FORWARD -d 200.40.30.218/32 -i eth0 -o eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 110 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -d 200.40.30.218/32 -i eth0 -o ethq -p tcp -m tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT COMMIT # Completed on Mon Oct 3 15:43:14 2011 Regards

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  • Slow running Ubuntu 10.10 laptop

    - by user5978
    Hello everyone. I have a slow computer. When I click on an icon say Firefox it can take 10 seconds to load. when I minimize and maximize windows you can see it happening. I get "ghost" screens where you see the window outline of the box but nothing in it or it may be white. The laptop is two years old and has these specs: Intel core two duo 2.8GHZ CPU 4GB RAM 500GB HDD 512MB Nvidia 8600GT video Realtek HD audio What is going on and where should I start looking for issues? Ubuntu 10.10 was upgraded from 10.04LTS following the instructions from the Ubuntu Wiki and it was done through the update manager GUI, not the CLI. Thanks for the help.

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  • How to auto detect text file encoding?

    - by ???
    There are many plain text files which were encoded in variant charsets. I want to convert them all to UTF-8, but before running iconv, I need to know its original encoding. Most browsers have an Auto Detect option in encodings, however, I can't check those text files one by one because there are too many. Only having known the original encoding, I then can convert the texts by iconv -f DETECTED_CHARSET -t utf-8. Is there any utility to detect the encoding of plain text files? It doesn't have to be a 100% perfect correct, but it should recognize most of them.

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  • How to get the CentOS 5.6 alsa drivers which will really work with one shot, without any internet.

    - by 89899.3K
    I have one chance to install this in my server on site. Server that i am running is CentOS 5.6 (Dell R310, RAID1) where i need to install alsa-sound driver so that anything related to audio recording from rtsp is working (rail station/rail passing video recording including audio, where audio is not working). Unfortunately i do not have any kind of internet in that odd none human location so yum will not work for me. I need a offline way to install alsa drivers including missing dependencies if arise. What and where i can download this to my usb or cd? so that i can successfully install it (like mission complete). Thanks

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  • Why does my CentOS logrotate run at random times?

    - by Mike Pennington
    I put a logrotate configuration file in /etc/logrotate.d/ and expected the logs to rotate at a consistent time; however, they do not... log rotation times are seemingly random +/- one hour. Why are the log rotation start times random, and how can I change this? Informational: my logrotate config file looks like this... /opt/backups/network/*.conf { copytruncate rotate 30 daily create 644 root root dateext maxage 30 missingok notifempty compress delaycompress postrotate ## Create symbolic links in daily/ PATH=`/usr/bin/dirname $1`; FILE=`/bin/basename $1`; /bin/ln -s $1 $PATH/daily/$FILE endscript }

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  • Python crash issue in Fedora 12

    - by MA1
    How to fix the following issue and what's the problem. Due to this problem, everything that uses python is not working. /lib/librt.so.1: symbol pthread_barrier_wait, version GLIBC_2.2 not defined in file libpthread.so.0 with link time reference Please install a package which provides this module, or verify that the module is installed correctly. It's possible that the above module doesn't match the current version of Python, which is: 2.6.2 (r262:71600, Aug 21 2009, 12:22:21) [GCC 4.4.1 20090818 (Red Hat 4.4.1-6)]

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