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• Ways to prevent multiple email notification with php&mysql

  - by Louis Loudog Trottier

  My 1st post, but i got many great answers and tips from stackoverflow so far. This one was a close call- How does facebook, gmail send the real time notification? but not exactly, so let brainstorm this together. I have CMS system with mail notification when a change is made on the site. Everything wotk very well but i want to prevent multiple notification if somene make another quick change to, let say, fix a typo. Using php mail(), obviously. I've tough of 2 ways, one simple, and one.... let just say, pretty heavy... cough. the 3rd one was inspired by Implementing Email Notification but really doesn't look appealing to me to send bunch of email at once. Use a timestamp to check if another change was made in the 'let say' last 5 minutes. Record the last change, and compare it to the new one. Could be usefull for backup at the same time since i'll have to save the change somewhere, but text can be long and making an sql search would be painfull. Wouldn't it? Use cron to send changes every x minutes... convince me if you ythink it is a suitable solution. Any ideas, comment or suggestion of your own? Looking forward for your inputs, and since i now registered, i'll do my best to help around. Cheers, all llt

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• jQuery code works in Chrome, not in IE9

  - by Francis Ducharme

  Pretty new to jQuery here, I've got a chunk of code that works OK in Chrome, but fails in IE9 (have not tried FF yet). Here's the code: var textColor = $('#navmenu-body').css('color'); textColor = textColor.slice(4); In IE9, I get an error to the effect that slice can't be called because textColor is undefined. I was not sure if it's because jQuery just can't find the #navmenu-body element or that it can't find the CSS attribute color. So I did: var j = $('#navmenu-body'); var textColor = $('#navmenu-body').css('color'); textColor = textColor.slice(4); In IE9's console, j.length returns 0. So the selector is indeed, not working Here's the #navmenu-body HTML DOM <div id="navmenu-body" class="x-panel-body x-panel-body-cssmenu x-layout-fit x-panel-body-cssmenu" style="height: 398px; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 200px;"> </div> Do I need to do something else for IE9 support ?

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• Write transparent HTTP Proxy script in PHP

  - by Leo Izen

  Is there an easy forwarding/transparent php proxy script that I can host on my web server? These are my conditions: I'm using free web hosting, so I have pretty much no control over my machine. Otherwise I could use Perl's HTTP::Proxy module. This means no root password. It does run php though. I already have a server running on port 80. What I mean is I would like to put a php script as index.php on my server that will forward all requests. I don't want a script like PHProxy or Glype where I go to the site, then enter a URL. I want a server so I can enter proxy.example.com:80 in Firefox's or IE's or whatever's proxy settings and it will forward all requests to the server. Preferably (though not fatal if not possible) I would like for it to pass on the USER_AGENT environmental variable (That's the browser) instead of setting itself to be the USER_AGENT I can't start a new Daemon. My server won't allow it. Is there a script that will do this? If so, which?

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• How can I get sessions to work if I'm using Google App Engine + Django 1.1?

  - by user341642

  Is there a way for me to get sessions working? I know Django has built in session management, and GAE has some tools for it if you're using their watered down version of Django 0.96, but is there a way to get sessions to work if you're trying to use GAE w/ Django 1.1 (i.e. use_library() call). I assume using a db-backed session doesn't work, and a file system backed one won't work b/c we don't have access to the filesystem if we deploy to the Google production servers. This kinda worked (as in didn't crap out) when I used SessionMiddleware backed by a local-memory backed cache and a non-persistent cache (i.e. setting SESSION_ENGINE to django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache). But the session never seems to persist in this case, no matter how I set the timeouts. A new session key is generated on every page reload. Maybe this is b/c the GAE assumes complete statelessness with each request and blows away my local cache? Apologies in advance, I'm pretty new to Python. Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated.

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• CodeGolf: Find the Unique Paths

  - by st0le

  Here's a pretty simple idea, in this pastebin I've posted some pair of numbers. These represent Nodes of a directed graph. The input to stdin will be of the form, (they'll be numbers, i'll be using an example here) c d q r a b b c d e p q so x y means x is connected to y (not viceversa) There are 2 paths in that example. a->b->c->d->e and p->q->r. You need to print all the unique paths from that graph The output should be of the format a->b->c->d->e p->q->r Notes You can assume the numbers are chosen such that one path doesn't intersect the other (one node belongs to one path) The pairs are in random order. They are more than 1 paths, they can be of different lengths. All numbers are less than 1000. If you need more details, please leave a comment. I'll amend as required. Shameless-Plug For those who enjoy Codegolf, please Commit at Area51 for its very own site:) (for those who don't enjoy it, please support it as well, so we'll stay out of your way...)

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• Implementing search functionality with multiple optional parameters against database table.

  - by quarkX

  Hello, I would like to check if there is a preferred design pattern for implementing search functionality with multiple optional parameters against database table where the access to the database should be only via stored procedures. The targeted platform is .Net with SQL 2005, 2008 backend, but I think this is pretty generic problem. For example, we have customer table and we want to provide search functionality to the UI for different parameters, like customer Type, customer State, customer Zip, etc., and all of them are optional and can be selected in any combinations. In other words, the user can search by customerType only or by customerType, customerZIp or any other possible combinations. There are several available design approaches, but all of them have some disadvantages and I would like to ask if there is a preferred design among them or if there is another approach. Generate sql where clause sql statement dynamically in the business tier, based on the search request from the UI, and pass it to a stored procedure as parameter. Something like @Where = ‘where CustomerZip = 111111’ Inside the stored procedure generate dynamic sql statement and execute it with sp_executesql. Disadvantage: dynamic sql, sql injection Implement a stored procedure with multiple input parameters, representing the search fields from the UI, and use the following construction for selecting the records only for the requested fields in the where statement. WHERE (CustomerType = @CustomerType OR @CustomerType is null ) AND (CustomerZip = @CustomerZip OR @CustomerZip is null ) AND ………………………………………… Disadvantage: possible performance issue for the sql. 3.Implement separate stored procedure for each search parameter combinations. Disadvantage: The number of stored procedures will increase rapidly with the increase of the search parameters, repeated code.

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• How to gracefully handle YouTube thumbnail broken images when videos are taken down?

  - by mrjf

  Our site contains some lists of YouTube videos with their thumbnails linked to the movies themselves. We fetch the thumbnail URLs from the YouTube API, and hotlink to them in situ on YouTube's servers. So our image tags look like: <img src="http://i.ytimg.com/vi/o6CHqSN7O-o/2.jpg" alt="" width="133" height="78" /> The problem is that sometimes a video gets removed -- and so does the thumbnail. We don't know when that might happen, and our thumbnails just turn into broken images. How can we handle this? There are a number of solutions: Download thumbnails and store them locally -- movie won't work, but that's ok, it will explain it was removed, and we avoid the broken image Check periodically with the API to see if the image thumbnail has changed -- if it no longer exists, substitute our own "movie removed" thumbnail. This is pretty heavy on the API calling! Use JavaScript to replace broken images (don't like this one much) Our ideal solution would be to point the img src to a location on YouTube that would display a friendly "move removed" image when a movie goes down. However, that doesn't seem to exist. Anyone else dealt with this? Thanks!

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• multiple dependent android projects in eclipse

  - by lope

  Hi there! I just started to play with android dev and java+eclipse is pretty new to me. I managed to create simple project and run it on my device. Now I want to create simple game (more of them actually) and I would love to use shared code base for all of them (game loop, initialization, etc..). Problem is that I have no idea how to correctly do this. I created android project called engine with all basic stuff that I need and made it work on device. Now I tried to create another project in same workspace called mygame. Main class (activity) of mygame is MyGameApp which inherits from EngineApp (main activity of my engine project) which inherits from Activity. I added engine project into required projects in mygame build path tab in properties. Problem is that when I try to run this project it crashes on ClassNotFoundException trying to find my MyGameApp class. Any help (or pointer to some articles that explain how this is done) is greatly appreciated. few hours of googling didn't help much :/

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• Rails from with better url

  - by Sam

  wow, switching to rest is a different paradigm for sure and is mainly a headache right now. view <% form_tag (businesses_path, :method => "get") do %> <%= select_tag :business_category_id, options_for_select(@business_categories.collect {|bc| [bc.name, bc.id ]}.insert(0, ["All Containers", 0]), which_business_category(@business_category) ), { :onchange => "this.form.submit();"} %> <% end %> controller def index @business_categories = BusinessCategory.find(:all) if params[:business_category_id].to_i != 0 @business_category = BusinessCategory.find(params[:business_category_id]) @businesses = @business_category.businesses else @businesses = Business.all end respond_to do |format| format.html # index.html.erb format.xml { render :xml => @businesses } end end routes map.resources What I want to to is get a better url than what this form is presenting which is the following: http://localhost:3000/businesses?business_category_id=1 Without rest I would have do something like http://localhost:3000/business/view/bbq bbq as permalink or I would have done http://localhost:300/business_categories/view/bbq and get the business that are associated with the category but I don't really know the best way of doing this. So the two questions are what is the best logic of finding a business by its categories using the latter form and number two how to get that in a pretty url all through restful routes in rails.

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• VB.Net Memory Issue

  - by Skulmuk

  We have an application that has some interesting memory usage issues. When it first opens, the program uses aroun 50-60MB of memory. This stays consistent on 32-bit machines. On 64-bit machines, however, re-activating the form in any way (clicking, dragging, alt-tabbing, etc.) adds around another 50MB to it's memory usage. It repeats this process several times before resetting back to around 45MB, at which point the cycle begins again. I've done some research and a lot of people have said that VB in general has pretty poor garbage collection, which could be affecting the software in some way. However, I've yet to find a solution. There are no events fired when the application is activated (as shown by 32-bit usage) - the applications is merely sitting awaiting the user's actions. At load, the system pulls some data into a tree view, but that's the only external connection, and it only re-fires the routine when the user makes a change to something and saves the change. Has anyone else experienced anything this strange, and if so, does anyone know of what might fix it? It seems strange that it only occurs under x64 systems. Thanks

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• JAR file: Could not find main class

  - by ApertureT3CH

  Okay, I have a strange problem. I wanted to run one of my programs as a .jar file, but when I open it by double-clicking it, I get an error message like "Could not find main class, program is shutting down". I'm pretty sure I did everything right, the jar should work afaik. I also tried other programs, it's the same with every single one. (I'm creating the .jar's through BlueJ) There is no problem when I run them through a .bat . And here comes the strangest thing of all: The .jar's have worked some time ago (one or two months I guess), and I don't remember doing anything different. It's the same BlueJ-Version. Okay, maybe Java updated and something got messed up... I googled, but I couldn't find a solution. (some people seem to have a similar problem, and it seems to be only them who can't run their .jar's; they uploaded them and other people say the .jar's run fine.) What could be the problem? How can I solve it? I'd really appreciate some help here. Thank you :) ApertureT3CH EDIT: okay guys, you're making me unsure here. Imma check the manifest again, at this unholy time ( 1:34 am ) :P EDIT2: This is my MANIFEST.MF Manifest-Version: 1.0 Class-Path: Main-Class: LocalChatClientGUI [empty line] [empty line] The Main class is correct. EDIT3: Thanks to hgrey: There is nothing wrong with the jar. I can run it from a bat file, which actually should not be different from double-clicking the jar, right? Yet I get the error when clicking it, and it works fine through the bat. EDIT4: I finally solved the problem. I re-installed the JRE and now it works, although I can't see any version differences. Thanks to everyone!

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• Replacing repetitively occuring loops with eval in Javascript - good or bad?

  - by Herc

  Hello stackoverflow! I have a certain loop occurring several times in various functions in my code. To illustrate with an example, it's pretty much along the lines of the following: for (var i=0;i<= 5; i++) { function1(function2(arr[i],i),$('div'+i)); $('span'+i).value = function3(arr[i]); } Where i is the loop counter of course. For the sake of reducing my code size and avoid repeating the loop declaration, I thought I should replace it with the following: function loop(s) { for (var i=0;i<= 5; i++) { eval(s); } } [...] loop("function1(function2(arr[i],i),$('div'+i));$('span'+i).value = function3(arr[i]);"); Or should I? I've heard a lot about eval() slowing code execution and I'd like it to work as fast as a proper loop even in the Nintendo DSi browser, but I'd also like to cut down on code. What would you suggest? Thank you in advance!

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• All possibilities in 2d array

  - by valli-R

  I have this array: $array = array ( array('1', '2', '3'), array('!', '@'), array('a', 'b', 'c', 'd'), ); And I want to know all character combination of sub arrays.. for example : 1!a 1!b 1!c 1!d 1@a 1@b 1@c 1@d 2!a 2!b 2!c 2!d 2@a 2@b ... Currently I am having this code : for($i = 0; $i < count($array[0]); $i++) { for($j = 0; $j < count($array[1]); $j++) { for($k = 0; $k < count($array[2]); $k++) { echo $array[0][$i].$array[1][$j].$array[2][$k].'<br/>'; } } } It works, but I think it is ugly, and when I am adding more arrays, I have to add more for. I am pretty sure there is a way to do this recursively, but I don't know how to start/how to do it. A little help could be nice! Thanks you!

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• Codeigniter xss_clean dilemma

  - by Henson

  I know this question has been asked over and over again, but I still haven't found the perfect answer for my liking, so here it goes again... I've been reading lots and lots polarizing comments about CI's xss_filter. Basically majority says that it's bad. Can someone elaborate how it's bad, or at least give 1 most probable scenario where it can be exploited? I've looked at the security class in CI 2.1 and I think it's pretty good as it doesn't allow malicious strings like document.cookie, document.write, etc. If the site has basically non-html presentation, is it safe to use global xss_filter (or if it's REALLY affecting performance that much, use it on per form post basis) before inserting to database ? I've been reading about pros and cons about whether to escape on input/output with majority says that we should escape on output only. But then again, why allow strings like <a href="javascript:stealCookie()">Click Me</a> to be saved in the database at all? The one thing I don't like is javascript: and such will be converted to [removed]. Can I extend the CI's security core $_never_allowed_str arrays so that the never allowed strings return empty rather than [removed]. The best reasonable wrongdoing example of this I've read is if a user has password of javascript:123 it will be cleaned into [removed]123 which means string like this document.write123 will also pass as the user's password. Then again, what is the odds of that to happen and even if it happens, I can't think of any real harm that can do to the site. Thanks

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• new project app; use entirely node.js

  - by Jared

  I have been looking into Node.js, express and Nowjs and love how easy it is to have real time interactions between clients. My background is mostly from CodeIgniter MVC using PHP and MYSql. I want to re make a current web project of mine from scratch to make everything better and more real time with this newer technology. After researching and doing test examples I want to use node.js , express and Nowjs for the real time interactions once someone connects to the socket.io to pull data back to clients. But use Code Igniter for the control of the site and user management , possible shopping cart/store , pretty much everything else. This is purely due to time constraints and that I am already familiar with doing it that way. I have been looking at MongoDB as an alternative to MySql, Basically the app is going to be multiple chat rooms all on one page. with the ability of notifications and private messaging. Lots of data transfer and images. before I started piecing it together I wanted to get people who have already done something similar. My model would use Code Igniter and MySQL to render the page and then connect them onto a node.js server and broadcast using express and nowjs would using a mongoDB be better than mySQL for tons of messages and data being stored or MYSQL? Also does it make since to not make the whole site on Node.js , kinda piece it together like that?

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• How to implement a Linked List in Java?

  - by nbarraille

  Hello! I am trying to implement a simple HashTable in Java that uses a Linked List for collision resolution, which is pretty easy to do in C, but I don't know how to do it in Java, as you can't use pointers... First, I know that those structures are already implemented in Java, I'm not planning on using it, just training here... So I created an element, which is a string and a pointer to the next Element: public class Element{ private String s; private Element next; public Element(String s){ this.s = s; this.next = null; } public void setNext(Element e){ this.next = e; } public String getString(){ return this.s; } public Element getNext(){ return this.next; } @Override public String toString() { return "[" + s + "] => "; } } Of course, my HashTable has an array of Element to stock the data: public class CustomHashTable { private Element[] data; Here is my problem: For example I want to implement a method that adds an element AT THE END of the linked List (I know it would have been simpler and more efficient to insert the element at the beginning of the list, but again, this is only for training purposes). How do I do that without pointer? Here is my code (which could work if e was a pointer...): public void add(String s){ int index = hash(s) % data.length; System.out.println("Adding at index: " + index); Element e = this.data[index]; while(e != null){ e = e.getNext(); } e = new Element(s); } Thanks!

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• jQuery jPicker colorpicker: How to convert from 8 digit (w Transparency) to standard 6 digit hex?

  - by Scott B

  I've got a jPicker installed and running fine; its a pretty sweet script. However, the value it returns to my input box is 8 digit hex. I need it to return 6 digit hex. Rather than post-process the 8 digit into 6, I'd rather just hack into the script and force 6 digit. Alternately, I'd be ok with hooking into the change event of the jPicker to intercept the value its sending to the input element and doing the conversion there just before it updates the input with the hex. Here's my code: $(function() { $('#myThemeColor').jPicker(); /* Bind jPicker to myThemeColor input */ $("#carousel").jCarouselLite({ btnNext: ".next", btnPrev: ".prev", visible: 6, speed: 700 }); And here's the code I'm working with to intercept the myThemeColor input's change event, but its not firing at all. $('#myThemeColor').change(function() { alert(this.val()); /* does not fire on any action */) if($(this).val().length == 8) { $(this).val(function(i, v) { return v.substring(0, 6); }); } });

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• float** allocation limit + serialized struct problem. Need advice!

  - by jmgunn

  basically im getting an allocation limit error/warning when i create a float** array. the function i am calling to fill the float** retrieves data from a struct loaded from a file. The function works fine when i use one object but when i load 2 objects into memory i get the limit error. I am pretty sure this is to do with byte alignment or a similar thing because my struct is saved with a float** member which i am sure you are not susposed to do !?! Please confirm this! The next question i have now is how to save/serialize the float** member of this struct? I cant really afford to put an upper bound on the array ie "float [10000][3]" because i need/want to use this structure as a base for many other types of objects that may have well under the upper bound. Stroking my chin here! Any help/advice will recieve my highest gratitude. BTW these said struct objects will be used in a game/graphics package, the float** is a float[3] array for storing vertices in a model. Much thanks in advance

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• Adding up row number and displaying total using COUNT (PHP MySQL)

  - by Yvonne

  I'm attempting to run a query that adds up the total number of subjects in a class. A class has many subjects. There is a 'teachersclasses' table between teachers (the user table) and classes. The principles sounds pretty simple but I'm having some trouble in getting my page to display the number of subjects for each class (directly associated with the teacher) This is what I have so far, trying to make use of the COUNT with a nested SELECT: SELECT (SELECT count(*) FROM subjects WHERE subjects.classid = class.classid) AS total_subjects, class.classname, class.classid FROM class Then I am calling up 'num_subjects' to present the total within a while loop: <?php echo $row['total_subjects']?> From the above, I am receiving the total subjects for a class, but within the same table row (for one class) and my other while loop doesnt run anymore, which returns all of the classes associated with a teacher :( ... Bit of a mess now! I know to return the classes for a particular teacher, I can do an additional WHERE clause on the session of 'teacherid' but I think my query is getting too complicated for me that errors are popping up everywhere. Anyone have a quick fix for this! Thanks very much

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• Project Euler #3

  - by Alex

  Question: The prime factors of 13195 are 5, 7, 13 and 29. What is the largest prime factor of the number 600851475143? I found this one pretty easy, but running the file took an extremely long time, it's been going on for a while and the highest number I've got to is 716151937. Here is my code, am I just going to have a wait or is there an error in my code? //User made class public class Three { public static boolean checkPrime(long p) { long i; boolean prime = false; for(i = 2;i<p/2;i++) { if(p%i==0) { prime = true; break; } } return prime; } } //Note: This is a separate file public class ThreeMain { public static void main(String[] args) { long comp = 600851475143L; boolean prime; long i; for(i=2;i<comp/2;i++) { if(comp%i==0) { prime = Three.checkPrime(i); if(prime==true) { System.out.println(i); } } } } }

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• How to write this loop prettier?

  - by Tom

  I've just read this topic http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2930533/highlight-search-keywords-on-hover and actually I use pretty the same structure, but it looks awful. So can you give me an advice, how to write this loop prettier in one php file, I mean php and html at the same time? <table class="result"> <?php while ($row= mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC)) { $cQuote = highlightWords(htmlspecialchars($row['cQuotes']), $search_result); ?> <tr> <td style="text-align:right; font-size:15px;"><?php h($row['cArabic']); ?></td> <td style="font-size:16px;"><?php echo $cQuote; ?></td> <td style="font-size:12px;"><?php h($row['vAuthor']); ?></td> <td style="font-size:12px; font-style:italic; text-align:right;"><?php h($row['vReference']); ?></td> </tr> <?php } ?>

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• Sort List <Rectangle>

  - by user1649498

  How do I sort a rectangle list by their area? Been looking into IComparable at msdn library, but can't figure it out... I wrote this: SortedL= new List<Rectangle>(); int count1 = 0; int count3 = redovi; while (count1 < count3) { int count2 = 0; while (count2 < count3) { int x = Oblici[count1].Width; int y = Oblici[count1].Height; int z = Oblici[count2].Width; int w = Oblici[count2].Height; int area1 = x * y; int area2 = z * w; int a = area1.CompareTo(area2); if (a < 0) { count1 = count2; if (count2 < (count3 - 1)) { count2++; } else break; } else if (a == 0) { if (count2 < (count3 - 1)) { count2++; } else break; } else if (a > 0) { if (count2 < count3 - 1) { count2++; } else break; } } SortedL.Add(Oblici[count1]); Oblici.RemoveAt(count1); count3 = (count3 - 1);}} And it works, but it's pretty ugly, and I know there is an easier way...

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• svn copy causes "...(403 Forbidden) in reponse to PROPFIND", other actions work

  - by Hops

  Just for a short bit of background, the reason I'm tracking this particular subversion oddity down is because I found it troubleshooting our new Maven setup (specifically the release plugin). release:prepare gives me the same error buried in a stack trace. Executing this command... svn copy http://[server]/svn/tran1/myproject/trunk http://[server]/svn/tran1/myproject/tags/testtag ...gives me the following error: svn: Server sent unexpected return value (403 Forbidden) in response to PROPFIND request for '/svn/tran1' I thought this might be an authentication issue, but I'm able to do pretty much every other subversion thing I can think of. Checkout, add, commit and update all work from the command line. And here's where it gets really weird... I can create branches using Eclipse's Subclipse plugin. This might not be all that strange if Eclipse isn't actually doing an svn copy. tran1 also has a sibling subversion repository next to it. The copy command works fine there. The URL it's trying to get permission for also looks wrong. It's asking about /svn/tran1, when the permissions are set up one level deeper /svn/tran1/myproject/ Any ideas what might be causing my error? Thanks.

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• LLVM/Clang bug found in convenience method and NSClassFromString(...) alloc/release

  - by pirags

  I am analyzing Objective-C iPhone project with LLVM/Clang static analyzer. I keep getting two reported bugs, but I am pretty sure that the code is correct. 1) Convenience method. + (UILabel *)simpleLabel { UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 10, 200, 25)]; label.adjustsFontSizeToFitWidth = YES; [label autorelease]; // Object with +0 retain counts returned to caller where a +1 (owning) retain count is expected. return label; } 2) The [NSClassFromString(...) alloc] returns retainCount + 1. Am I right? Class detailsViewControllerClass = NSClassFromString(self.detailsViewControllerName); UIViewController *detailsViewController = [[detailsViewControllerClass alloc] performSelector:@selector(initWithAdditive:) withObject:additive]; [self.parentController.navigationController pushViewController:detailsViewController animated:YES]; [detailsViewController release]; // Incorrect decrement of the reference count of an object is not owned... Are these some Clang issues or I am totally mistaken in these both cases?

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• Objective-measures of the expressiveness of programming languages [closed]

  - by Casebash

  I am very interested in the expressiveness of different languages. Everyone who has programmed in multiple languages knows that sometimes a language allows you to express concepts which you can't express in other languages. You can have all kinds of subjective discussion about this, but naturally it would be better to have an objective measure. There do actually exist objective measures. One is Turing-Completeness, which means that a language is capable of generating any output that could be generated by following a sequential set of steps. There are also other lesser levels of expressiveness such as Finite State Automata. Now, except for domain specific languages, pretty much all modern languages are Turing complete. It is therefore natural to ask the following question: Can we can define any other formal measures of expressiveness which are greater than Turing completeness? Now of course we can't define this by considering the output that a program can generate, as Turing machines can already produce the same output that any other program can. But there are definitely different levels in what concepts can be expressed - surely no-one would argue that assembly language is as powerful as a modern object oriented language like Python. You could use your assembly to write a Python interpreter, so clearly any accurate objective measure would have to exclude this possibility. This also causes a problem with trying to define the expressiveness using the minimum number of symbols. How exactly to do so is not clear and indeed appears extremely difficult, but we can't assume that just because we don't know how to solve a problem, that nobody know how to. It is also doesn't really make sense to demand a definition of expressiveness before answering the question - after all the whole point of this question is to obtain such a definition. I think that my explanation will be clear enough for anyone with a strong theoretical background in computer science to understand what I am looking for. If you do have such a background and you disagree, please comment why, but if you don't thats probably why you don't understand the question.

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