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• What is the difference between Anycast and GeoDNS / GeoIP wrt HA?

  - by Riyad

  Based on the Wikipedia description of Anycast, it includes both the distribution of a domain-name-to-many-IP-mapping across many DNS servers as well as replying to clients with the most geographically close (or fastest) server. In the context of a globally distributed, highly available site like google.com (or any CDN service with many global edge locations) this sounds like the two key features one would need. DNS services like Amazon's Route53, EasyDNS and DNSMadeEasy all advertise themselves as Anycast-enabled networks. Therefore my assumption is that each of these DNS services transparently offer me those two killer features: multi-IP-to-domain mapping AND routing clients to the closest node. However, each of these services seem to separate out these two functionalities, referring to the 2nd one (routing clients to closest node) as "GeoDNS", "GeoIP" or "Global Traffic Director" and charge extra for the service. If a core tenant of an Anycast-capable system is to already do this, why is this functionality being earmarked as this extra feature? What is this "GeoDNS" feature doing that a standard Anycast DNS service won't do (according to the definition of Anycast from Wikipedia -- I understand what is being advertised, just not why it isn't implied already). I get extra-confused when a DNS service like Route53 that doesn't support this nebulous "GeoDNS" feature lists functionality like: Fast – Using a global anycast network of DNS servers around the world, Route 53 is designed to automatically route your users to the optimal location depending on network conditions. As a result, the service offers low query latency for your end users, as well as low update latency for your DNS record management needs. ... which sounds exactly like what GeoDNS is intended to do, but geographically directing clients is something they explicitly don't support it yet. Ultimately I am looking for the two following features from a DNS provider: Map multiple IP addresses to a single domain name (like google.com, amazon.com, etc. does) Utilize a DNS service that will respond to client requests for that domain with the IP address of the nearest server to the requestee. As mentioned, it seems like this is all part of an "Anycast" DNS service (all of which these services are), but the features and marketing I see from them suggest otherwise, making me think I need to learn a bit more about how DNS works before making a deployment choice. Thanks in advance for any clarifications.

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• Are Dynamic Prepared Statements Bad? (with php + mysqli)

  - by John

  I like the flexibility of Dynamic SQL and I like the security + improved performance of Prepared Statements. So what I really want is Dynamic Prepared Statements, which is troublesome to make because bind_param and bind_result accept "fixed" number of arguments. So I made use of an eval() statement to get around this problem. But I get the feeling this is a bad idea. Here's example code of what I mean // array of WHERE conditions $param = array('customer_id'=>1, 'qty'=>'2'); $stmt = $mysqli->stmt_init(); $types = ''; $bindParam = array(); $where = ''; $count = 0; // build the dynamic sql and param bind conditions foreach($param as $key=>$val) { $types .= 'i'; $bindParam[] = '$p'.$count.'=$param["'.$key.'"]'; $where .= "$key = ? AND "; $count++; } // prepare the query -- SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE customer_id = ? AND qty = ? $sql = "SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE ".substr($where, 0, strlen($where)-4); $stmt->prepare($sql); // assemble the bind_param command $command = '$stmt->bind_param($types, '.implode(', ', $bindParam).');'; // evaluate the command -- $stmt->bind_param($types,$p0=$param["customer_id"],$p1=$param["qty"]); eval($command); Is that last eval() statement a bad idea? I tried to avoid code injection by encapsulating values behind the variable name $param. Does anyone have an opinion or other suggestions? Are there issues I need to be aware of?

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• Aligning music notes using String matching algorithms or Dynamic Programming

  - by Dolphin

  Hi I need to compare 2 sets of musical pieces (i.e. a playing-taken in MIDI format-note details extracted and saved in a database table, against sheet music-taken into XML format). When evaluating playing against sheet music (i.e.note details-pitch, duration, rhythm), note alignment needs to be done - to identify missed/extra/incorrect/swapped notes that from the reference (sheet music) notes. I have like 1800-2500 notes in one piece approx (can even be more-with polyphonic, right now I'm doing for monophonic). So will I have to have all these into an array? Will it be memory overloading or stack overflow? There are string matching algorithms like KMP, Boyce-Moore. But note alignment can also be done through Dynamic Programming. How can I use Dynamic Programming to approach this? What are the available algorithms? Is it about approximate string matching? Which approach is much productive? String matching algos like Boyce-Moore, or dynamic programming? How can I assess which is more effective? Greatly appreciate any insight or suggestions Thanks in advance

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• Dynamic form in PHP not processing correctly

  - by user1497265

  My last question regarding this suggested I incorporate AJAX with PHP. However, I really wanted to try PHP exclusively for this project, and I seem to have made it about 95% there. I just need help on this one issue. Here's a quick background. My project requires a dynamic form to be populated with a max limit of 10 questions. Each form contains one question, one question number, and a text field. Students would go on and answer the questions. This is all driven by a database table (obviously), and when a question gets answered correctly, it will close and the next question in line will appear. There will always be 10 questions on the page. Here's how the coding looks, and it works perfectly. <? $rt = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM The_Questions WHERE Status='Open' ORDER BY 'Number' LIMIT 10"); while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($rt)) { $number=$row[0]; $category = $row[1]; $question=$row[2]; $points=$row[4]; $_SESSION['number'] = $number; ?> <form action="processor.php" method="post" class="qForm"> <div class="questionCell"> <div class="question"><? echo $number; echo $question ?></div> <div class="answer">Answer: <input class="inputField" name="q1" type="text" size="40" maxlength="40" /> <input name="HHQuestion" value="Submit" type="submit" /></div> </div> </form> <? } ?> The questions appear as they should, in the correct order, and the correct limit. Everything seems to be looking fine until a question gets answered and gets processed through the processor.php action. First here's the code to the processor.php file: <?php session_start(); if(isset($_POST["HHQuestion"])){ $dbhost = 'localhost'; $dbname = 'localhost'; $dbuser = 'localhost'; $dbpass = 'localhost'; $conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass); mysql_select_db($dbname, $conn); { $number1 = $_SESSION['number']; $answer=$_POST['q1']; $sql="SELECT * FROM The_Questions WHERE Number='$number1'"; $result=mysql_query($sql); $row=mysql_fetch_array($result); $question = $row[2]; echo $question .'<br>'; echo $number1.'<br>'; echo $answer; } } ?> This is NOT live yet, and for testing purposes I'm echoing the question, question number, and answer (as you can see). What's happening is that the $question and $number1 displays the last question in the array (the $answer displays correctly, meaning it displays whatever was written in the dynamic form). Can anyone tell me why that is? If I change the LIMIT number to 20, the processor.php action will display the 20th question and number, even if I was answering question 8, for example, in the dynamic form. Again, the dynamic forms are being displayed correctly, and are numbered correctly. For some unknown reason to me, the action - processor.php - is grabbing the last question in the array. Any ideas on what I'm doing wrong? I'm hoping it's a simple code change that I'm overlooking. Thanks in advance guys!

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• Bind9 not doing anything with forwarded query responses?

  - by Rykaro

  I have a Bind DNS server that is the local production DNS server and a Windows 2008 R2 domain controller which provides DNS for a lab environment with the domain xyz.lab. I've configured the Bind DNS to forward DNS requests for the domain xyz.lab to the Windows DNS server with this config: zone "xyz.lab" { type forward; forward only; forwarders { x.x.x.x; }; }; zone "x.x.x.in-addr.arpa" { type forward; forward only; forwarders { x.x.x.x; }; }; And Bind options are (the all_internal acl includes the subnets of both the production and lab networks as well as the loopback of the bind server): allow-query { all_internal; }; allow-recursion { all_internal; }; allow-transfer { none; }; notify no; minimal-responses yes; version "unknown"; Unfortunately, when I do an nslookup or dig on the bind server for a host on the lab domain, the request times out. The logs on the Windows 2008 DNS server show it receiving the query and responding to it and a network packet trace shows the query responses arriving at the Bind DNS server. The servers reside on the same switch with a router providing connectivity between the layer 3 subnets (production and lab are on different subnets) and there is a round trip time of between 3ms and 5ms on pings between the two servers, so I don't think there is an issue with latency causing a timeout of the query. In summary a query-response arrives back at the Bind server and the nslookup/dig times-out. Why does the Bind DNS not seem to be doing anything with the query responses when it receives them?

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• Redirect as a backup trick? w/o modifying DNS?

  - by acidzombie24

  I specifically looked up how to do something like this ( Can you set a backup ip for your server in DNS? ) and the answer basically was you can't. If i say specify 2 ip addresses could i somehow use a HTTP response header to ignore it temporary (say 5mins) and go to the other IP address? Or maybe i can play dead however i'm unsure how to play dead using nginx. I then would like to be available after my box notice the other box is down and be some kind of readonly server. I'm sure something like this has been implemented i am just wondering how i might implement it with 2 boxes. I'm sure it isn't very difficult? How might i redirect traffic from a backup box to my main server without modifying the DNS?

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• How to resolve IPs in DNS based on the subnet of the requesting client?

  - by Nohsib

  Is it possible to configure Bind9 or other DNS to resolve the domain name of a machine into different IPs based on the subnet of the requesting client? e.g. Say the same service is running on 2 different application servers at different geographical points and based on the incoming request to resolve the domain name, the name server provides the IP of the application server based on the requesting client's IP, so the service could be offered by servers that are geographically closer to the client. In short, something like a CDN but just the IP resolution part based on the client's subnet. Is this configurable in any DNS?

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• What kind of DNS and IIS configuration is needed to allow multiple domains to point to a multi-tenant web application?

  - by holiveira

  I'm developping a multi-tenant web application in ASP.NET MVC and it will provide my users the ability to have a custom subdomain pointing to their account page (like user.myapp.com). I already have it working by using a wildcard DNS entry and a code to query the database to load the user data based on the domain. I'm planning to offer the possibility of using custom domains, allowing the users to buy their own domains and use it instead of the subdomains that will be provided by default. I currently use DNSMadeEasy to host the DNS for the application main domain. I just don't know what kind of settings I must make to allow this feature to work, since the users will have domains hosted in several companies. Will I have to create my own nameservers and provide it to my users? What other things I must consider to implement it efficiently?

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• Failed reverse DNS and SPF only when using Thunderbird!

  - by TruMan1

  I have a reverse DNS and SPF records correctly setup for my mail server. Sending webmail from it works perfect. The problem is when Thunderbird sends out emails, it is using the client's IP address for the hostname. I have SMTP authentication and specified my mail server's as the outgoing SMTP. Mail is being sent, but it is not "signing" the email with the mail server's IP address.. it is using the client's. Is there any way to fix this? This is the spam error I get when sending from Thunderbird: Spam: Reverse DNS Lookup, SPF_SoftFail

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• How to configure DNS so that www.example.com goes to one server, *.example.com to another

  - by fishwebby

  I'm trying to set up my domain as follows, but I'm not actually sure if it's possible. I have a domain where I would like the base and www addresses to go to my static site, but others to go to my application server. For example: My domain is registered with Dreamhost, and my application is on a VPS at Webbynode. I've set up the domain in Dreamhost to use Webbynode's nameservers: ns1.dnswebby.com ns2.dnswebby.com ns3.dnswebby.com And in Webbynode I've set up a wildcard A record to point to the IP address of my VPS: * 1.2.3.4 A and this works nicely, if I go to app.example.com it resolves to my application server at Webbynode. However, what I'd like to do is have example.com and www.example.com go to my static site, hosted back at Dreamhost, whilst still having any other domain go to my app. What I've done to try and achieve this is set up these DNS "NS" entries at Webbynode, trying to get Dreamhost to resolve these domain names: (empty) ns1.dreamhost.com NS (empty) ns2.dreamhost.com NS (empty) ns3.dreamhost.com NS www ns1.dreamhost.com NS www ns2.dreamhost.com NS www ns3.dreamhost.com NS (I don't have a fixed IP address at Dreamhost so I can't just set up simple A records). However this doesn't work... does anyone have any idea if this is possible and if so how it could be done? Update: I've got this working now, as above for the domain (i.e. registered with Dreamhost, but using Webbynode's nameservers). To delegate the DNS for www.example.com to Dreamhost, I've got the following DNS entries set up: www.example.com. ns1.dreamhost.com. NS www.example.com. ns2.dreamhost.com. NS www.example.com. ns3.dreamhost.com. NS (note the full stops at the end) And to get example.com to resolve to my static site, I set up CNAME record: example.com. www.example.com. CNAME So now, example.com and www.example.com go to my static site on Dreamhost, and if they change the IP address of my shared hosting it won't affect me, and all other subdomains go to my application server. This seems to work nicely, but if anyone knows a better way to do it I'd be happy to hear it. Thanks to all who replied.

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• How is my ISP DNS hijacking AFTER all these precautions?

  - by user973917

  In IE9 when I search for anything my ISP hijacks google search and I get this result. To add complication to this I've already changed the default DNS servers (OpenDNS) months ago. This only happens in IE9; even after machine reboots and cache flushing. I even have my router (dd-wrt) intercepting all requests for DNS and I am still getting this result. I have all extensions disabled and there are no toolbars. This is IE9 from M$. This is not malware; it happens all machines with IE installed (even IE7/8).

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• How is DNS related to Active Directory and what are some common configurations that I should be aware of?

  - by MDMarra

  Please note that I do know the answer to this and have provided one below. I see a lot of newer systems administrators that don't understand the contents of my answer, so I hope that all of the beginner AD DNS questions will be closed as a duplicate of this. If you have a minor improvement, feel free to edit my answer. If you can provide a more comprehensive complete answer, feel free to leave one. How is DNS related to Active Directory and what are some common configurations that I should be aware of?

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• how can I find if xyz is valid DNS server?

  - by Radek

  how can I find out (using windows or internet) if xyz (in particular NS1.XYZNAMESERVER.COM) is valid DNS server?

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• Windows Server 2008 R2 Domain Controller DNS Reverse lookup zone needed?

  - by Joost Verdaasdonk

  When I create a new Domain Controller with dcpromo then the wizard will also add a DNS Role to the server because the first domain controller must be the global catalog server for the forest. After the install when I look at the DNS then I see the forward lookup zone for the newly created domain. However no zone is created for the Reverse lookup zone. So my question is: Is this an advisable endresult or not? In other words is it a good idea to add my domain to the reverse lookup zone as well? Just curious to hear how other people use this zone in the domain controller. Thanks

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• How do I either use DNS forwarding or aliasing to display a specific domain?

  - by PeanutsMonkey

  We have a domain abc.com from which a particular page will display the contents from the domain def.com which does not belong to us. Now rather than display def.com in the address bar in the browser, we would like to continue using abc.com. We would like to achieve it without using iframes or screen scraping. Is there a way to achieve what we are after using DNS forwarding or aliasing? If so how? We have a choice of using Microsoft's DNS server or BIND.

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• VPN is working, except for DNS lookups. Firewall (Cisco ASA 5505) issue?

  - by macke

  I've got the following set up: LAN -> DHCP / DNS / VPN server (OSX 10.6) -> Cisco ASA 5505 -> WAN Connecting to the LAN via VPN works fine. I get all the details properly and I can ping any host on the internal network using their IP. However, I can't do any host lookups whatsoever. I've looked through the logs on and found this nugget in the firewall log: 3 Sep 08 2010 10:46:40 305006 10.0.0.197 65371 portmap translation creation failed for udp src inside:myhostname.local/53 dst inside:10.0.0.197/65371 Port 53 is dns services, no? Because of that log entry, I'm thinking that the issue is with the firewall, not the server. Any ideas? Please keep in mind that I have very little knowledge and experience with this kind of firewall and the little experience I do have is with the ASDM GUI console, not the CLI console.

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• Doesn't DNS diversity negatively affect performance? Why/how?

  - by cnst

  If you look at the press releases of various orgs that run the internet, you can see them praise the fact that now they run root server X in city Y, as if that magically makes everyone in city Y get all the relevant resolutions from the local server X, instead of going 200ms across the oceans and lands to other continents for resolutions. Similarly, the zones of some geographical domain names, like .ru, are being mirrored not just within Europe, but also, for example, in Hong Kong, which is no more, no less, but is about 300ms away from central Europe, since the traffic is often crossing the two oceans on each way. Doesn't all of this negatively affect DNS performance? Isn't it more of a liability to have a diverse pool of geodispersed authoritative servers, especially if your target audience is quite geographically concentrated? Perhaps a better question is, are there any DNS resolvers that use something better than the naive round-robin for choosing which authoritative server to contact?

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• How to update debian dns server? New VM with same hostname as old VM

  - by opensourcechris

  We run several linux VM's on our Hyper-V cluster. Our old IT manager configured the dns server to resolve the url 'devlabs.ourdomain.com' to a debian squeeze apache webserver hosted on the hyper v cluster with the hostname: devlabs. We recently created a new Ubuntu vm to replace the original squeeze vm. When we created the new Ubuntu VM we used the same hostname of 'devlabs" to name the new VM. My problem is that now I am only able to access the new Ubuntu VM by using the IP address. How can I update our DNS server to point the url 'devlabs.ourdomain.com' to the new VM?

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• What kind of issues would occur if resolve.conf had no dns servers set?

  - by Stuart Woodward

  I want to create a server for a customer and have that customer finish the configuration for themselves. It was been decided that rather than setting default DNS servers (i.e. something like Google's) that the customer should enter the information by themselves. I assume that the customer is technically competent enough to do this. If however they forget or neglect to set this up they might spend some time trying to figure out what is wrong and eventually contact support. (In this case, I think that setting a default might have been better.) Apart from the obvious inability to resolve hosts, what other issues might they face until they have set valid dns servers in resolve.conf?

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• Is setting an empty/blank DNS A record allowed?

  - by John

  I'm trying to wrap my head around the wonderful world on DNS. I have created a zone file for example.com which contains: @ A 1.2.3.4 * A 1.2.3.4 However I am also setting up my local DNS, local.example.com which I have created a separate zone file for containing the following: machine1 A 192.168.0.1 machine2 A 192.168.0.2 When I dig machine1.local.example.com it returns A record 192.168.0.1, great. Sadly, badmachine.local.example.com returns 1.2.3.4, as does local.example.com. I'm not sure of the best way to prevent this. If I add the following to the local.example.com empty A records are returned for the above 2 examples as is the behaviour I desire: @ A * A Is this allowed? Is this best practice, or am I doing things terribly wrong? I'm using PowerDNS with BIND backend. Thanks for your thoughts!

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• How to setup dns to redirect app.example.com to another ip?

  - by AZ.

  I have a site www.example.com running on a hosting company. Now I want to create a separate web app on my VPS and let it accessible via app.example.com How can I set the DNS to redirect app.example.com to my VPS' ip address? CNAME or A Record? Also, If I want to do a mail server on my VPS too, how to setup the DNS? EDIT: Existing site: www.example.com Location: some hosting company that I don't control. It's running PHP with nginx I guess (or aphache) New site (that I'm working on): app.example.com Location: my VPS, it has an IP address, the VPS is running nodejs. It can run along with nginx but currently it's not. I want the existing website continue working (as customer visit www.example.com) and I want customer to visit app.example.com for some new features. The two websites are NOT on the same server and not using the same IP address.

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• Roughly, what percentage of users will reach changed DNS?

  - by user3722246

  If my main server go offline for some reason for +1hrs, I'm planning to make a DNS change so users will access secondary server. It is not a perfect solution to decrease downtime but it is simple and would work. I'm not sure about its usefulness. So I have a question. If I'm going to make a DNS change to an A record for my domain (changing from one IP to another), what percentage of users are moved over to the new info in 2hrs? (roughly) I know this is a vague question and there are lots of variables but any input is welcomed because I had painful downtime experiences and don't want to experience it again. Thanks

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• Returning to last viewed List page after insert/edit with ASP.NET Dynamic Data

  - by Pat James

  With a pretty standard Dynamic Data site, when the user edits or inserts a new item and saves, the page does a Response.Redirect(table.ListActionPath), which takes the user back to page 1 of the table. If they were editing an item on page 10 (or whatever) and want to edit the next item on that page, they have to remember the page number and navigate back to it. What's the best way to return the user to the list page they last viewed? I can conceive of some solutions using cookies, session state, or query string values to retain this state and making my own Page Template to incorporate it, but I can't help thinking this must be something that was considered when Dynamic Data was created, and there must be something simpler or built-in to the framework that I'm missing here.

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• Hybrid static/dynamic Google Map

  - by jonathanconway

  Ever noticed that when you go to maps.google.com and do a search (say, car wash), it renders a lot of results (represented by small circles) and a few prominent ones (seen as regular-size pins)? Notice how quickly it does this? From what I can tell from analyzing this in Firebug, much of this is generated on the server and sent to the client as a static image. However, it's still dynamic. You can still zoom in and out, or click on a result and see a dynamic InfoWindow rendered. Google have made the map quick and smooth using static images, while still making it flexible. Is there a way to do this kind of 'pre-loading' with my own Google Map (implemented with the Google Maps API)?

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• ASP.Net RADs: Dynamic Data alternatives

  - by SDReyes

  Hi Guys! We have a set of tables and views that merely store some config data for embedded devices. this schema is change-prone and do not really required lots of logic, beyond some validation rules. so we considered using a RAD tool for maintaining these CRUDS. In first stage: Dynamic Data But the community size, books absence and the last modification dates of the MSDN articles (~July 2008) makes me want to hear your experiences. (actually DynamicData comes as a part of the ASP.Net MVC2 project) What has been your experience with Dynamic Data? And... What is your favorite ASP.Net RAD alternative? Why? Thank you in advance guys! PD: Entity framework friendliness is a bonus : )

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