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• Small Business HP Virtualisation and iSCSI SAN Options

  - by Robin Day

  We are a small business that hosts our core product on a number of HP servers. Our core production setup is 1x HP DL380, high powered for a SQL Server Database 1x HP DL360, mid powered for our core application server 6x HP DL320, low powered for our front ends We run our training / testing / support systems on a similar setup, the servers are just older and less powerful. Unfortunately this is now causing us issues as the system has grown beyond the capabilities of these older servers. Upgrading these servers would be expensive and we believe that virtualisation is probably the way to go for the future. Locally we run a number of test / dev environments on ESXi using Direct Storoage on a couple of high powered DL360's and these are performing fairly well. We're thinking that instead of replacing all of our test servers that we can implement an iSCSI SAN and one or two high powered hosts. Hopefully looking that when it comes to replace our live servers as well that we can just expand the virual environment to cope. So my question is... Can anyone offer any advice on some suitable options? We have generally always been extremely happy with HP servers, all of our kit is currently HP, therefore our preference would be to stick with HP, however, I'm always happy to hear about other options. I'm hoping that initially a budget of around 15-25k (GBP) would be suitable, this could potentially be increased if I had confidence that the system would pave the way for a cost effective upgrade of our live systems in the future as well. I am new to SAN's and my only real experience is playing with OpenFiler on some old desktops. I think iSCSI should be suitable, but I've not done any research into how SQL server may perform. I've had a browser through HP's sites and see plenty of information about EVA, MSA, LeftHand, etc. However, from looking at all that, I don't see which options would be best and more importantly I don't know exactly what I would need to buy. Any help, links, opinions would be much appreciated. Thanks

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• exporting clip in Final Cut Pro X or related video editing software on Mac

  - by user46976

  I'm using Final Cut Pro X to edit a 1 hour long video. I made individual clips from it in Final Cut Pro X and I want to save just these clips, some of which are only 5 mins long. How can I do this? I tried using the app ClipExporter, but it won't even read my .fcpxml file, it just says that it's not a valid file and gives no helpful information at all. Another method I tried was to assign roles to each clip. I made one clip, 5 mins long, and then used Share - Export in Final Cut Pro X and chose the option to export roles as separate files. However, the export still estimates that it will take over an hour to export and so it looks like it's trying to export the whole movie, rather than the simple 5 min clip which should be exportable as a .MOV or related formats in a few minutes. How can I do this in final cut pro x? I'm also happy to switch to related video editing software as long as they are not extremely expensive. This seems like a very trivial and obvious feature: take a segment from a long movie and export just the selected region of it... I don't understand why it's so complicated to do in Final Cut Pro X. Thanks.

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• How do I make rsync also check ctime?

  - by Benoît

  rsync detects files modification by comparing size and mtime. However, if for any reason, the mtime is unchanged, rsync won't detect the change, although it's possible to spot it by looking at the ctime. Of course, I can tell rsync do compare the whole files' contents, but that's very very expensive. Is there a way to make rsync smarter, for example by checking mtime+size are the same AND that ctime isn't newer than mtime (on both source and destination) ? Or should I open a feature request ? Here's an example: Create 2 files, same content and atime/mtime benoit@debian:~$ mkdir d1 && cd d1 benoit@debian:~/d1$ echo Hello > a benoit@debian:~/d1$ cp -a a b Rsync them to another (non-exisiting) directory: benoit@debian:~/d1$ cd .. benoit@debian:~$ rsync -av d1/ d2 sending incremental file list created directory d2 ./ a b sent 164 bytes received 53 bytes 434.00 bytes/sec total size is 12 speedup is 0.06 OK, everything is synced benoit@debian:~$ grep . d*/* d1/a:Hello d1/b:Hello d2/a:Hello d2/b:Hello Update file 'b', same size and then reset its atime/mtime benoit@debian:~$ echo World > d1/b benoit@debian:~$ touch -r d1/a d1/b Attempt to rsync again: benoit@debian:~$ rsync -av d1/ d2 sending incremental file list sent 63 bytes received 12 bytes 150.00 bytes/sec total size is 12 speedup is 0.16 Nope, rsync missed the change. benoit@debian:~$ grep . d*/* d1/a:Hello d1/b:World d2/a:Hello d2/b:Hello Tell rsync the compare the file content benoit@debian:~$ rsync -acv d1/ d2 sending incremental file list b sent 144 bytes received 31 bytes 350.00 bytes/sec total size is 12 speedup is 0.07 Gives the correct result: benoit@debian:~$ grep . d*/* d1/a:Hello d1/b:World d2/a:Hello d2/b:World

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• Allowing XP Home Clients To Access Active Directory Printers

  - by Sean M

  My school's network is based on Active Directory on Windows Server 2003 servers. Most of the computers in the school are members of the domain. However, we also acquired a passel of netbooks that are running Windows XP Home (as netbooks tend to), and we're trying to make those useful. The netbooks are made available to students by check-out, so none of them are dedicated to a specific user. I only want to allow the netbooks to do two significant network activities: to access the Internet (this is working acceptably well so far), and to print to one or more printers on the network. That second one is where trouble starts. I'm trying to find a way to allow the XP Home clients to access those Active Directory printers. All the solutions that I can come up with right now are expensive, ugly, or both - for example, changing the OS on the netbooks (even with imaging, that would take a lot of my time) or making sure that the user account on each netbook has a matching account in Active Directory with permissions for printing (invites security/maintainability disaster). Are there any elegant solutions? Failing that, what's the best ugly solution for allowing my students to print from the netbooks?

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• What to look for in a reliable backup hard disk?

  - by Senthil

  I want to buy an internal hard disk and use a docking station along with it for backing up important data. The size will be around 500GB to 1TB. I have a budget and several models fit into it. So far, they only seem to vary in size, speed and brand. These are the only things I can compare from the specs. I guess asking for which brand is best is completely subjective so I won't do that. I want my disk to have long life and be reliable. Doesn't matter if it is somewhat slow. Size: Should I go for the one with highest size within my budget? Will higher density cause problems? Or should I go for a moderately sized one? Does the number of platters have an impact? Speed: I do not want high performance. I want it to be reliable and last long. I am definitely not going to choose the expensive 10,000 rpm ones. Should I go for 5400 or 7200? Do these numbers affect longevity and reliability? Are there any other technical and objective factors that I should look for?

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• Starting my own server - basic recommendations and questions [closed]

  - by Ilia Rostovtsev

  Possible Duplicate: Can you help me with my capacity planning? I'm planning to start my own high-performance server and then use collocation services for keeping it up and running. I'm planning to USE it for processing videos and keeping big video site up! (using FFMpeg, MENcoder and etc.) I just need recommendations on whether listed hardware is good enough and will work together well and fast enough. Do I need anything else (missed something). I remember about CPU coolers though! ;) I'm planning to use SSD drives so please tell me if it's going to work just as regular HDDs (but much faster)? Are they going to be used as RAID (is this possible for SSDs)? Here is what I would like to get: Intel ® Server System SR1600URHSR (Urbanna) or Intel® Server System SR1695WBAC 2 x Intel Xeon X5650 4 x 16Gb DDR-III 1333MHz Kingston ECC Reg (KVR13R9D4/16) 3 x (or maybe 4x) 480Gb SSD Intel 520 Series (SSDSC2CW480A3K5) Which server system would be better? Is listed hardware new/good enough and worth buying it at the moment? Should I probably take a look at something slightly more expensive but more up to date and powerful, may be? After all as software I would like to use CentOS 6 64 bit + WHM/CPanel? Any other suggestions on maybe cheaper and same/more powerful server management system but WHM? What most important points to keep in mind when starting/maintaining your own server?

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• Suggestions on the best home server rack cabinet

  - by allentown

  I have a lot of gear in a colocation facility right now. Some of it is going to come home with me now. I do not know anything about the "rack mount" side of the industry. I lease a rack, and I put my stuff in it. I have a few 1U boxes, a few 2U boxes, and a few 4U boxes. 1U switch. One is a new Xserve, which means it is deep. I think I can get by with around 12U to 18U. I want to keep it as small as possible, since I do not have a lot of spare space at my home. I will not be able to bolt to the wall, floor etc, so it should not be tall. This is something I would love to more or less just be a box that sits on the floor but gives me the ability to mount nicely, do nice cable management etc. Are the "post" style racks junk? I am liking the open space, and the no limitations on depth of something like this: http://www.rackmountsolutions.net/images/products/Martin-relay-rack.jpg However, that thing is way too tall, and probably way too expensive. I am looking to be around $300.00 or less. More if I have to, though I would prefer not to. These look near perfect: (See comment for this link, the system will not let me post a second url) but I am worried the Xserve will not fit in it. If anyone has any good links, or website recommendations of good past experience, I would appreciate it. I am almost considering that I may be able to build something with random scraps of stuff at Home Depot as well.

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• Load balanced IIS. Should I use NLB, or linux-based reverse proxy, or something else?

  - by growse

  What would be the best approach for load-balancing at least 2-3 Windows 2008 R2 IIS webservers running a multitude of .NET applications? My choices appear to be: 1) Hardware-based network device load balancer, like a Cisco CSS 2) Windows NLB 3) Some sort of linux based proxy, either haproxy or other The three servers sit as VMs on a vSphere farm, so I have the ability to clone to up the instance count in times of high load. I control the switch that the vSphere hosts are plugged into (Cisco 3750), but don't control the switching/routing infrastructure beyond that to the clients. (1) Is too expensive, and probably overkill for my needs. I've included this in case someone figures out a cunning way to do it on my existing network kit, which I doubt. (2) would seem to be the obvious "built-in" option, but seems to be quite fiddly messing around with network interfaces, multicast, and generally other things that seem to be needlessly complex. It's also fairly stupid, in that it can't remove hosts from the pool if they start throwing 500 errors or otherwise go wrong (3) is the most interesting option, as it would appear to offer the most flexibility and customizability, but without having to mess around with the network. However, while I'm familiar with the reverse-proxy capabilities of lighttpd etc, I'm not that well read on other options like HAProxy, which might be able to offer a lot more. Which would you go for, and is there anything I've not thought of?

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• FTP FileWatcher

  - by Meiscooldude

  So, I am in this little predicament where I am stuck watching a few ftp folders to see if they have new files added to them. If they do, it needs to throw an event with the file name. Thereby telling something else to download that file. This is a pretty simple object to make, I was just curious if anyone knew how expensive this operation would be? I plan on using the command NLIST because I don't need file size information, and there will be no sub-directories in the folder. Each file in the folder will have exactly 25 characters in its name. There could be anywhere from 10 to 'maybe' a couple thousand (max around 2000) files per folder (usually on the lower end, 100-300, but currently growing). The files are anywhere from 250kb to a very VERY unlikely 10mb (usually within the 250kb to 4mb range). There possibly could be up to a few hundred folders (in which case I could change the watch frequency depending on number of folders), but currently there are only a few (6-10ish). There also would be multiple logins for the ftp server, different logins would have access to different folders. I am not asking for an implementation, just if anyone has some first or second hand knowledge about FTP, how could this affect my network. I am not opposed to putting in file retention times or change the frequency in which I check for new files.

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• Access keystore on Sun ONE Webserver 6.1 for 2048 bit key length SSL

  - by George Bailey

  We want to get 2048 bit key length CSR requests. The browser based GUI provides us with a 1024 bit CSR and I don't know how to change that. It seems that 1024 bit key lengths will no longer supported by SSL companies. (Lower cost options only support 2048 bit. Thawte who is much more expensive say they accept 1024 for only one or two year certificates, but not 3). The legacy systems in question are running Sun ONE Webserver 6.1. Upgrading would be time consuming and we would rather not have to do that right now. We will be phasing these out but it will take awhile, so... Got it!! http://middlewarekb.wordpress.com/2010/06/30/how-to-generate-2048-bit-keypair-using-sun-one-or-iplanet-6-1-servers/ It is for the same version webserver I am using. /opt/SUNWwbsvr/bin/https/admin/bin/certutil -R -s "CN=sub.domain.ext,OU=org unit,O=company name,L=city,ST=spelled state,C=US,E=email" -a -k rsa -g 2048 -v 12 -d /opt/SUNWwbsvr/alias -P https-sub.domain.ext-hostname- -Z SHA1 Previous efforts edited out.

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• Probability of Blade Chassis Failure

  - by ChrisZZ

  In my organisation we are thinking about buying blade servers - instead of rack servers. Of course technology vendors also make them sound very nice. A concern, that I read very often in different forums, is, that there is a theoretical possibility of the server chassis going down - which would in consequence take all the blades down. That is due to shared infrastructure. My reaction on this probability would be to have redundancy and by two chassis instead of one (very costly of course). Some people (including e.g. HP Vendors) try to convince us, that the chassis is very very unlikely to fail, due to many redundancies (redundant power supply, etc.). Another concern on my side is, that if something goes down, spare parts might be required - which is difficult in our location (Ethiopia). So I would ask to experienced administrators, that have managed blade server: What is your experience? Do they go down as a whole - and what is the sensible shared infrastructure, that might fail? That question could be extended to shared storage. Again I would say, that we need two storage units instead of only one - and again the vendors say, that this things are so rock solid, that no failure is expected. Well - I can hardly believe, that such a critical infrastructure can be very reliable without redundancy - but maybe you can tell me, whether you have successfull blade-based projects, that work without redundancy in its core parts (chassis, storage...) At the moment, we look at HP - as IBM looks much to expensive... thanks a lot best regards Christian

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• How can I know if a replacement display is compatible with my laptop?

  - by moraleida

  I have an Acer Aspire 4810TZ from 2010 which I truly love - it's a 3 year old notebook that still carries on for about 5 to 6h straight off the battery. I've also invested in it with an SSD and extra RAM and it's fine for my use right now. I'd really rather not just dump it. Now... its screen is dead and I'm looking for replacement parts, but it turns out to be a kind of expensive display - AUO B140XW02 14" LED. US$ 125 was the cheapest I found here (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). The official dealer sells them for US$ 175. I'm aware of How do I know if a LCD is compatible with my Laptop? and Can I replace a laptop screen with one of a different resolution? but the answers don't really help me in this case. Also Replacing an LCD screen in a laptop gives me a hint but I'm completely dumb at hardware so this is why i'm asking: Is it possible to buy an LCD or a lower grade LED screen with the same connectors? What characteristics should I look for to find out if a certain display is compatible?

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• Bandwidth Suggestion

  - by Campo

  I have been asked to analyze the bandwidth usage of a company and make a recommendation for upgrading their Internet connection(s). Here is the layout 3 DLS lines so it is 3x(6 Down, 1 Up Each) into a load balancer out to the office's network. 30 VOIP phones run on a T1 (1.5 Down, 1.5 Up) The users at the company are heavily uploading. It is my suspicion that the issue in slowdown is being cause by multiple people uploading and others not being able to get requests out for even simple http requests. My initial idea is to get them a fiber line with a 10 down and 10 up. What do others think on this plan? Will that be enough to host their network traffic? What do I do about the VOIP line afterward? The fiber is expensive and I know the T1 does a great job for their VOIP so I do not want to suggest a DSL line because I know it may not be sufficient. I would also like to save them some money if I can. Maybe even get a faster fiber line and forgo the T1. Though I know their load balance/switch can only handle 20MB/S throughput. Looking for some confirmation/suggestions on my plan. I am planning on going in to get some real diagnostic numbers. Any suggestions on software to use for that? Preferably Windows software.

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• No video signal and server shuts down

  - by Ilya

  I have a brand new server. The motherboard is Intel S2600CP4, two 8-core Intel E5-2600 processors. RAM is 8 DIMM slots of 8 GB each (KVR1600D3D4R11SK4/32GI, I installed them into the blue slots), Power supply is 1050W Corsair. Most of the time the server won't start up - the fans are spinning, but I don't have video signal. And it keeps restarting on its own every 3 mins. But maybe after 30 mins it will eventually load and show something on the screen. I even was able to install ESXi 5.0 (vSphere) on it. It recognizes both CPUs and all of the 64GB of RAM. But even then it worked only for around 5 hours and then restarted on its own. What's the problem? That's a very expensive peace of hardware and I can't afford purchasing a new motherboard/CPU. By the way, on the front panel the "System Status" LED is constantly amber (not blinking), even when the server started successfully. And also in the BIOS I can see lots of "processor 01 unable to apply microcode update 8160" fatal errors. Please help me with issue, I will really appreciate this!

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• On what should i not be pennywise buying a machine for SqlServer 2008?

  - by Michel

  Hi, i'm going to do a project for a client and i'll be hosting the database server myself. Normally it would be on my dev machine, but there will also be data pushed into it during developing and testing, so i would like to setup a dedicated test sql server. But, as you might guess, i can't afford to go to Dell and buy one mega 16 core 16 GIG 10 TB raid 5 machine (wow, that sounds cool) So i have to save the money somewhere... the hardware only has to live for a year (longer is nice of course), and the sql server won't be hit too hard: i guess the average server will only see it as a cough once in a while. But i do want the machine to be a bit performant: if it does get some data, it must be a bit responsive. So my question is were can i leave out the expensive parts: is 2 GB enough, or must i take 4GB, is an average processor enough or should it be a top of the bill? Is Sql server a large resource user or is a simple desktop pc good enough? It wil run on win2008 by the way.

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• Splitting build cross the network?

  - by Dandikas

  Is there a known solution for splitting build process cross the network machines? Use case: We are an average software development company. We own around 50 development workstations (Quad Core 2.66Ghz, 4 GB ram, 200 GB raid). No need to tell that at any single moment not every machine is loaded to the max. There are 5 to 15 projects running simultaneously at any single moment. Obviously all of them are continuously build on server, than deployed to proper environment. Single project build is taking from 3 to 15 minutes. The problem: Whenever we build 5 projects in a row the last project is going to be ready after around 25 - 50 minutes. Building in parallel does not solve the problem (build is only a part of the game, than you need to deploy, run tests etc.) YES the correct solution is to add another build server, but "That involves buying new Expensive hardware, and we already spent a lot!". Yea, right(damn them)! Anyway. What about splitting build among developers workstation? Lets say whenever we need to build project "A" we check 5 workstations and start build on all that are not overloaded. The build can be canceled by a developer if he really needs all the power of his machine as long as there is at least 1 machine that is still building. After build is finished deployment can be performed to a proper environment (hosted on some server, not on workstation :) ). The bigger the company the more this makes sense to me. Anyone tried something like this? Are there any good practices? Any helpful software?

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• Building a computer for the first time from scratch - will this really work?

  - by Nike

  Hey there. I'm building my own computer, and i just finished picking out all of my parts. Now i just want to be sure it'll all work before i order it. I'm mean specifically if the RAM & Graphic card will fit on the motherboard i chose. Below is a list of all parts. I'm sorry, i selected the parts from a Swedish website so it might be hard to understand some parts. Google Translate will help ;) I really appreciate any help/suggestions. Thanks in advance! :) Oh, and here's the parts i mentioned: EDIT: As i'm not allowed to post more than one link here, i'll just link to my homepage: http://nike1.se/c/ I know i didn't choose the most expensive parts, but this won't be my primary computer. I'm only going to use this one for testing purpose, if that makes any sense. I'm sorry for my english, i'm just so tired now. Haha! Once again, thanks in advance! :)

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• Using a Level 2 switch as a core switch

  - by imtech

  I have a small user base of about 20 people on at a time and spiking up to about 80 people during peak times. Most people (80+%) are connected over our Aruba managed wireless system. We have a Windows Domain. We have 3 24-Port switches all connecting back to a central 48-port switch where additional access ports, firewall, servers, and wireless controller all centrally connect back to. It's a flat network with dumb switches. I'm in the process of upgrading our infrastructure. Cisco pricing for switches is pretty high for us so I've been looking at HP Procurves which seem to be within our budget range. I want to eventually make use of 802.1x, SNMP, QoS for possible VOIP upgrades, VLAN to separate guest VLAN from authenticated users, and other more advanced features. PoE would be nice but that's probably too expensive for us. I was thinking of having our core switch be a Procurve 2610 and the rest of our switches that centrally connect to it be Procurve 2510s. A true and full blown level 3 switch is way out of our price range but a 2610 seems to be good enough for us. The 2610 does static routing which ought to be good enough for us but I'm in unfamiliar territory so I'm looking for any gotchas. Also, should all the switches be 2610s or just the core switch? Do I even need the 2610, can I just go with all 2510s? I'm new to VLANs as well so I'm not sure what it is I need but I would like an affordable infrastructure that won't need replacing 2-3 years down the line because I choose a product that was lacking.

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• What is the best way/Software to manage multiple short lived instances of virtual machines ?

  - by Newtopian

  Hi, We have a QA department that have to test our software on multiple combination of OS and DMBS. With Windows spewing out many different versions the combinatorial math of all this can be daunting. So we decided on visualizing our setups but so far it only displaces the problem. The cost of hardware is expensive and we need many different combination far exceeding your server capacity to deliver. Also, these instances are throw away, once the test is complete we no longer need it, furthermore to ensure proper test isolation we should start fresh from a new instance. Lastly we only need a small subset of these system online at any given time. What I am looking for is a way to manage inventory so that our QA staff can order instances to be put online as required and discarded once used. Instances are spawned from a pool of freshly installed systems with the appropriate combination ready to accept our software. It also should be possible for two or more people to start the same instance at the same time, though we could manage without this if it proves too complex to put in place. Finally our budget is pretty thin, we can probably make some purchases but ideally expenditures should be kept to a minimum. To summarize we should be able to : Bring instances online on demand. Ideally should offer queue and scheduling management Destroy instances on demand Keep masters in inventory but not online. Manage large inventory of VMs (30-100 maybe more) with small staff of users (5-10). Allow adding, deleting and changing instances from inventory (bring online, make changes and check back in, or create new and check in). Allow few long lived instances for support tools (normal VM server usage) Thanks for your answers

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• Wireless router that supports Bonjour between wire- and wireless- connected machines

  - by cefstat

  At home I have an ADSL modem that I use also as router. For the record, it is a DavoLink DV-2020 provided by Tele2 in the Netherlands. It turns out that if a computer is connected with a cable to the router and another computer is connected wirelessly, then they cannot see each other's services that are advertised through Bonjour (Apple's service discovery protocol, an implementation of Zeroconf). The combinations wired/wired and wireless/wireless work fine. This means that somehow wire- and wireless- connected machines are on different physical networks although their IPs are in the same range (192.168.1.*). The modem in question doesn't provide many options that I could play with. So, I was thinking of buying a second router to connect to the modem, and then connect all my machines to this second router. The problem is that I am afraid that I will have again the same problem. I am looking for suggestions on routers that offer the functionality I want (Bonjour between wired and wireless connections). I suppose that one solution would be Apple's Airport Extreme Base Station but at 160€ it is ridiculously expensive. Any other options out there? And why is it so difficult to find in the technical characteristics if wired and wireless connections are on the same physical network?

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• What is a long-term strategy to deal with CPU fan dust in my home office?

  - by PaulG

  There are numerous discussions of CPU overheating and how sometimes this can be corrected by removing the dust from the CPU fan. I have read many of these, but I can't find anyone expressing a long-term strategy to deal with this problem. There are some suggestions here, for example, about how often the inside of the computer should be dusted. But I find this generally unsatisfactory. As it stands, in my rather dusty house (heated by a wood stove, with no central air circulation), I need to vacuum out the CPU fan every 3 to 4 months. At high CPU load, this can make a difference between 65C and 100C. I'm tired of hauling out the vacuum every time I anticipate high CPU load. What steps can I take to deal with this systematically in the long-term? Moving my high CPU load computing to the cloud is not a realistic option. Neither is vacuuming my home office more than once a week! (Details: my computer is on the floor in a Cooler Master HAF922 case, and uses an Intel CPU fan on an i7 chip) EDIT: While this would definitely solve the problem (submerging motherboard in mineral oil), it is a bit of an expensive solution.

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• Samsung laptop randomly shuts down

  - by Dmatig

  I've rewritten this question because it turned into an indecipherable mess. I have a Samsung R560 laptop that is overheating, and shutting itself down under load consistantly. Thank you quickcel for reccomending me Speedfan to monitor my temps. Here they are (Load / Idle): (Ignore "Temp1 and Temp2", whatever sensors they are they'd always random, pretty sure they're broke). The load temperature is after just 5 minites of playing Fallout 3 - another 5 minutes and it (the GPU - 9600M GS) consistantly breaches the mid 90's then shuts down, so it's hard to get a good picture of it. I'm looking for some solution or way to decrease these temperatures, because they seem far too high even idle. I've tried: Opening up the case and clearing of all dust with compressed air. Updating drivers for my Graphics card Have purchased and am using a notebook cooler I don't want to: Undervolt / underclock (defeats the point of having a more expensive card) Use lower power / performance settings (again, i might as well have bought something cheaper) Is there anything else i can try (software or inexpensive hardware) that can help me fix this? Has anybody had a Samsung laptop and knows if this can be sorted under my warranty, and the turnaround time of sending it off (UK?)(it has always ran hotter than it should, but now at 6 months old is getting hot enough to power off)

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• What's the piece of hardware listening on Facebook's or Wikipedia's IP address?

  - by Igor Ostrovsky

  I am trying to understand how massive sites like Facebook or Wikipedia work, for my intellectual curiosity. I read about various techniques for building scalable sites, but I am still puzzled about one particular detail. The part that confuses me is that ultimately, the DNS will map the entire domain to a single IP address, or a handful of IP addresses in the case of round-robin DNS. For example, wikipedia.org has only one type-A DNS record. So, people from all over the world visiting Wikipedia have to send a request to the one IP address specified in DNS. What is the piece of hardware that listens on the IP address for a massive site, and how can it possibly handle all the load coming from the requests for users all over the world? Edit 1: Thanks for all the responses! Anycast seems like a feasible answer... Does anyone know of a way to check whether a particular IP address is anycast-routed, so that I could verify that this really is the trick used in practice by large sites? Edit 2: After more reading on the topic, it appears that anycast is not typically used for dynamic web content. Anycast is usually used for UDP (e.g., DNS lookups), or sometimes for static content. One interesting thing to note is that Facebook uses profile.ak.fbcdn.net to host static content like style sheets and javascript libraries. Each time I ping this name, I get a response from a different IP address. However, I can't tell whether this is anycast in action, or a completely different technique. Back to my original question: as far as I can tell, even a large site will have a single expensive piece of load-balancing hardware listening on its handful of public IP addresses.

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• Does MySQL have some kind of DoS protection or per-user query limit?

  - by Ghostrider

  I'm a bit at a loss. I'm running a MySQL database that's roughly 1GB data in indices combined on a dedicated Linux server. DB version is '5.0.89-community'. Configuration is controlled via cPanel. PHP actually runs elsewhere on a shared hosting. IP addresses are static and don't change. Access from remote IP address is properly configured. Website gets around 10K hits per day with each hit generating a a database query. Some of these queries are expensive (~1 sec execution time). All is fine and well until at some point DB server starts refusing connections from the client, claiming that specific user can't access the server from that IP. Resetting the server will always fix the problem for a day or two and then the same thing happens. There are some other DBs on that server, some of which are hit pretty hard on occasion but constantnly. One of the apps maintains several persistent connections since it does couple of updates per minute. Though I don't think it's related. What's driving me mad is that I can't figure out why server would start refusing connections. There is nothing in the logs. This server is a hosted dedicated server so hosting company created the OS image and I didn't write or go over every line of configuration. I'd do it but I'm at a loss as to where start looking. Any advice is appreciated.

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• How can I batch convert SVG files containing text to PDF files (specifically on CentOS 5.3 x86_64)?

  - by molecules

  I would like to programatically convert SVG files to PDF files. However, the SVG files contain text that must be searchable in the generated PDF files. Also, it has to work on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.3 or CentOS 5.3 for the x86_64 architecture. It would be nice if it were Open Source or at least not very expensive. Here is what I've tried. All of these, except Batik, work fine on Debian Lenny. Inkscape I can get it installed using autopackages from http://inkscape.modevia.com/ap, but when I use it from the command line, the text is not searchable. Batik rasterizer [sic] When it converts SVG files to PDF files, the text is no longer searchable. svg2pdf The source for this and several of its dependencies are available to download. I have been trying to get it to compile on CentOS, but haven't had success yet. I found a precompiled version for Debian x86_64, but it doesn't work on CentOS. rsvg-convert Generated PDF isn't searchable on CentOS 5.3. Perhaps installing a newer version of cairo would help. Thanks to DaveParillo for mentioning rsvg-convert (on superuser). SOLUTION (but perhaps some of the above will still be useful to the reader) princeXML It works fine on CentOS when installed from source. For some reason it doesn't work when installed from the .rpm. Thanks Erik Dahlström! (provided solution that worked for my case on stackoverflow) Cross posted on stackoverflow

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