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• bind9 DNS Ubuntu names pingible on server, but not on Windows Machines?

  - by leeand00

  I setup a DNS server today on Ubuntu, following this tutorial. My intent was to setup my network for dns-name resolving on the private LAN within a single zone (nothing fancy I just want name resolution). I've tested the setup on the DNS server machine itself, and I can ping all the machines listed in the configuration file. I've also configured the Windows Machines on my network, and for some reason they are incapable of pinging by names as was possible on the DNS Server itself. I've tried running nslookup on the Windows DNS clients and I receive and error mentioning the address of the DNS server. DNS forwarding works fine, I'm not having any trouble accessing the internet, the problem only lies within accessing names within the private LAN. Here are my configuration files: options { directory "/var/cache/bind"; // If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want // to talk to, you may need to fix the firewall to allow multiple // ports to talk. See http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/800113 // If your ISP provided one or more IP addresses for stable // nameservers, you probably want to use them as forwarders. // Uncomment the following block, and insert the addresses replacing // the all-0's placeholder. // forwarders { // 0.0.0.0; // }; forwarders { 8.8.8.8; 8.8.8.4; 74.242.0.12; //68.87.76.178; }; auth-nxdomain no; # conform to RFC1035 listen-on-v6 { any; }; }; /etc/bind/named.conf.options zone "leerdomain.local" { type master; file "/etc/bind/zones/leerdomain.local.db"; notify no; }; zone "2.168.192.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/zones/rev.2.168.192.in-addr.arpa"; notify no; }; /etc/bind/named.conf.local Lookup: $TTL 3D @ IN SOA ns.leerdomain.local. admin.leerdomain.local. ( 2010011001 28800 3600 604800 38400 ); leerdomain.local. IN NS ns.leerdomain.local. ns IN A 192.168.2.9 asus IN A 192.168.2.254 www IN CNAME asus vaio IN A 192.168.2.253 iptouch IN A 192.168.2.252 toshiba IN A 192.168.2.251 gw IN A 192.168.2.1 TXT "Network Gateway" /etc/bind/zones/leerdomain.local.db (Validates fine with named-checkzone when validating zone leerdomain.local) Reverse Lookup: $TTL 3D @ IN SOA ns.leerdomain.local. admin.leerdomain.local. ( 201001101 28800 604800 604800 86400 ) IN NS ns.leerdomain.local. 1 IN PTR gw.leerdomain.local. 254 IN PTR asus.leerdomain.local. 253 IN PTR vaio.leerdomain.local. 252 IN PTR iptouch.leerdomain.local. 251 IN PTR toshiba.leerdomain.local. /etc/bind/zones/rev.2.168.192.in-addr.arpa *(Does not validate with named-checkzone when validating zone leerdomain.local gives an error of: zone leerdomain.local/IN: NS 'ns.leerdomain.local' has no address records (A or AAAA) zone leerdomain.local/IN: not loaded due to errors. * Despite not validating bind9 starts without errors in /var/log/syslog I've also configured a few of the windows machines on my network to have the static ip as specified in the lookup and reverse lookup config files. i.e. Using nslookup yields the following results: C:\Users\leeand00>nslookup ns Server: UnKnown Address: 192.168.2.9 *** UnKnown can't find ns: Non-existent domain C:\Users\leeand00>nslookup gw Server: UnKnown Address: 192.168.2.9 Name: gw. Additionally trying to ping by name also fails on machines that are not the DNS Server. Is there something wrong with my configuration of either the nameserver or the Windows Boxes that is keeping me from accessing other machines using names?

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• Local DNS server (bind) and the router DHCP

  - by Luca

  I just set up an internal http server for internal use (I set up Redmine), in a small network (30 or so PCs). I set up the http server on a virtual box ubuntu, that runs also the DNS server (bind). In the DNS lookup I added the Redmine server name (redmine.engserver <- 192.168.1.14) and as forwarders the outside ISP DNS IP adresses. I am using a small wi-fi router (ASUS RT-N66U) as DHCP (and as gateway). In the DHCP config page I set up as DNS the ubuntu server IP (it is fixed 192.168.1.14). Now when I connect a new PC to the network, the DHCP router issues its new IP and as DNS servers it issues: primary: 192.168.1.14 (ubuntu machine) and seconary 192.168.1.1 (the router itself). ipconfig /all Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1 DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 248539109 DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-17-15-AA-3F-D0-67-E5-49-A7-EF DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.14 192.168.1.1 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled Before changing the DHCP setting on the router, I would always get only one DNS server: 192.168.1.1 (which uses probably DNS forwarding to external public DNS services). The problem is this: If in my browser I type www.google.com, it works all the time. If in the browser I type http://redmine.engserver/ it works most of the time, but sometimes it ends up with a yahoo page search or something else. In the DNS cache it shows as (Server not found). ipconfig /displaydns I looked with wireshark and it seems like sometimes the client PC interrogates the secondary DNS (192.168.1.1) instead of the first 192.168.1.14. Obviously this one is a public domain and it does not have the redmine.engserver entry. What is wrong in this configuration? Is it even legitimate to have 2 DNS (one internal and one forwarded by the router) which are inconsistent? Is there another way to have a local name service in a small office network? Why is the router DHCP issuing itself as DNS?

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• what's wrong with my Ubuntu 11.10 bind9 configuration?

  - by John Bowlinger

  I've followed several tutorials on installing your own nameservers and I'm pretty much at my wit's end, because I cannot get them to resolve. Note, the actual domain and ip address has been changed for privacy to example.com and 192.168.0.1. My named.conf.local file: zone "example.com" { type master; file "/var/cache/bind/example.com.db"; }; zone "0.168.192.in_addr.arpa" { type master; file "/var/cache/bind/192.168.0.db"; }; My named.conf.options file: options { forwarders { 192.168.0.1; }; auth-nxdomain no; # conform to RFC1035 listen-on-v6 { any; }; }; My resolv.conf file: search example.com. nameserver 192.168.0.1 My Forward DNS file: ORIGIN example.com. $TTL 86400 @ IN SOA ns1.example.com. root.example.com. ( 2012083101 ; Serial 604800 ; Refresh 86400 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 3600 ) ; Negative Cache TTL example.com. NS ns1.example.com. example.com. NS ns2.example.com. example.com. MX 10 mail.example.com. @ IN A 192.168.0.1 ns1.example.com IN A 192.168.0.1 ns2.example.com IN A 192.168.0.2 mail IN A 192.168.0.1 server1 IN A 192.168.0.1 gateway IN CNAME ns1.example.com. headoffice IN CNAME server1.example.com. smtp IN CNAME mail.example.com. pop IN CNAME mail.example.com. imap IN CNAME mail.example.com. www IN CNAME server1.example.com. sql IN CNAME server1.example.com. And my reverse DNS: $ORIGIN 0.168.192.in-addr.arpa. $TTL 86400 @ IN SOA ns1.example.com. root.example.com. ( 2009013101 ; Serial 604800 ; Refresh 86400 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 3600 ) ; Negative Cache TTL 1 PTR mail.example.com. 1 PTR server1.example.com. 2 PTR ns1.example.com. Yet, when I restart bind9 and do: host ns1.example.com localhost I get: Using domain server: Name: localhost Address: 127.0.0.1#53 Aliases: Host ns1.example.com.example.com not found: 2(SERVFAIL) Similarly, for: host 192.168.0.1 localhost I get: ;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached Anybody know what's going on? Btw, my domain name "www.example.com" that I've used in this question is being forwarded to my ISP's nameservers. Would that affect my bind9 configuration? I want to learn how to do set up nameservers on my own for learning, so that is why I'm going through all this trouble.

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• Web Interfaces not opening even after Port Forwarding is said to be working!

  - by Ahmad

  I'm encountering this strange problem which has baffled me to the ground, and which I haven't encountered even after years of doing port forwarding .. ! I am hoping somebody here can help me solve this mystery .. :) My network configuration is as follows: I have a DSL modem (custom made and branded by my ISP) which is receiving a DSL stream ... it has an external IP which is visible to the world, say, 11.22.33.44 ... This modem has DHCP enabled, has an internal IP for itself, which is 192.168.1.1 .. it is connected to 2 laptops via and ethernet cable .. Laptop 1 has IP 192.168.1.2, and Laptop 2 has IP 192.168.1.3 ... On Laptop 1, two applications are running, jDownloader and Media Player Classic, which have their web interfaces on ports 8765 and 13579, respectively ... I can access both of these web interfaces from Laptop 2 by opening these addresses: 192.1681.2:8765 and 192.168.1.2:13579 ... both of their web interfaces open up, meaning the web interfaces are working fine .. Moving on, I now want to access these web interfaces from outside my network as well, and so I've configured port forwarding in my PTCL modem to forward all traffic on ports between 8000 and 14000 (both TCP and UDP) to IP 192.168.1.2 ... I have verified that port forwarding is working by testing it using PortForward.com's port checker tool, and this website too: [URL]http://www.yougetsignal.com/tools/open-ports/[/URL] When I use the website, if I'm running the applications on Laptop 2, the website reports that the port is open .. if I then close the application, the website reports the port is closed ... This makes sense as nothing is listening on my machine in the latter case .. Also, if I disable port forwarding in my modem, again, the website reports the port is closed ... so, the website's results seem to be okay ... Same of the above can be said when I'm used PortForward.com's port checker tool ... So again, everything okay so far ... Now, here comes the problem !! ... Despite the above tools reporting that port forwarding is working, I am unable to open the web interfaces from outside my network ... So for example, if I tried to browse 11.22.33.44:8765 or 11.22.33.44:13579, nothing opens in my browser ... But if I accessed these web server's locally from Laptop 3, by typing in 192.168.1.2:8765 or 192.168.1.2:13579, they opened ... So where is the problem here ?? The tools report unanimously that port forwarding is working, and yet I am unable to open the web interfaces from outside the network .. Also note that I have disabled the firewall from my computer, and have also made sure that any option in the above programs (whose web interfaces I am trying to open) that says only local connections are to be accepted, is disabled ... So whats the problem ... ?!! Any ideas ??

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• Cisco Pix how to add an additional block of static ip addresses for nat?

  - by Scott Szretter

  I have a pix 501 with 5 static ip addresses. My isp just gave me 5 more. I am trying to figure out how to add the new block and then how to nat/open at least one of them to an inside machine. So far, I named a new interface "intf2", ip range is 71.11.11.58 - 62 (gateway should 71.11.11.57) imgsvr is the machine I want to nat to one of the (71.11.11.59) new ip addresses. mail (.123) is an example of a machine that is mapped to the current existing 5 ip block (96.11.11.121 gate / 96.11.11.122-127) and working fine. Building configuration... : Saved : PIX Version 6.3(4) interface ethernet0 auto interface ethernet0 vlan1 logical interface ethernet1 auto nameif ethernet0 outside security0 nameif ethernet1 inside security100 nameif vlan1 intf2 security1 enable password xxxxxxxxx encrypted passwd xxxxxxxxx encrypted hostname xxxxxxxPIX domain-name xxxxxxxxxxx no fixup protocol dns fixup protocol ftp 21 fixup protocol h323 h225 1720 fixup protocol h323 ras 1718-1719 fixup protocol http 80 fixup protocol rsh 514 fixup protocol rtsp 554 fixup protocol sip 5060 fixup protocol sip udp 5060 fixup protocol skinny 2000 no fixup protocol smtp 25 fixup protocol sqlnet 1521 fixup protocol tftp 69 names ...snip... name 192.168.10.13 mail name 192.168.10.29 imgsvr object-group network vpn1 network-object mail 255.255.255.255 access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.124 eq www access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.124 eq https access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.124 eq 3389 access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.123 eq https access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.123 eq www access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.125 eq smtp access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.125 eq https access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.125 eq 10443 access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.126 eq smtp access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.126 eq https access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.126 eq 10443 access-list outside_access_in deny ip any any access-list inside_nat0_outbound permit ip 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 IPPool2 255.255.255.0 access-list inside_nat0_outbound permit ip 172.17.0.0 255.255.0.0 IPPool2 255.255.255.0 access-list inside_nat0_outbound permit ip 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 IPPool2 255.255.255.0 ...snip... access-list inside_access_in deny tcp any any eq smtp access-list inside_access_in permit ip any any pager lines 24 logging on logging buffered notifications mtu outside 1500 mtu inside 1500 ip address outside 96.11.11.122 255.255.255.248 ip address inside 192.168.10.15 255.255.255.0 ip address intf2 71.11.11.58 255.255.255.248 ip audit info action alarm ip audit attack action alarm pdm location exchange 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location mail 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location IPPool2 255.255.255.0 outside pdm location 96.11.11.122 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location 192.168.10.6 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location mail-gate1 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location mail-gate2 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location imgsvr 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location 71.11.11.59 255.255.255.255 intf2 pdm logging informational 100 pdm history enable arp timeout 14400 global (outside) 1 interface global (outside) 2 96.11.11.123 global (intf2) 3 interface global (intf2) 4 71.11.11.59 nat (inside) 0 access-list inside_nat0_outbound nat (inside) 2 mail 255.255.255.255 0 0 nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0 0 static (inside,outside) tcp 96.11.11.123 smtp mail smtp netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 static (inside,outside) tcp 96.11.11.123 https mail https netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 static (inside,outside) tcp 96.11.11.123 www mail www netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 static (inside,outside) 96.11.11.124 ts netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 static (inside,outside) 96.11.11.126 mail-gate2 netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 static (inside,outside) 96.11.11.125 mail-gate1 netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 access-group outside_access_in in interface outside access-group inside_access_in in interface inside route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 96.11.11.121 1 route intf2 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 71.11.11.57 2 timeout xlate 0:05:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 rpc 0:10:00 h225 1:00:00 timeout h323 0:05:00 mgcp 0:05:00 sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 timeout uauth 0:05:00 absolute floodguard enable ...snip... : end [OK] Thanks!

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• iCloud stuff stops working while connected to OpenVPN

  - by Taco Bob

  I have a fairly simple OpenVPN setup on an OpenVZ VPS with Ubuntu 11.10. Client is the Viscosity client on Mac OS X 10.8.2, and after some testing, we can rule out the client as being part of the problem. Everything has been working fine except for Apple's iCloud stuff. Web surfing, email, FTP, NNTP, and Skype are all working as expected. It's ONLY the iCloud services that cease to function. If I connect to the VPN, iCloud stuff stops working. I no longer get anything in Messages, Calendar items don't get updated, and Notifications stop working. If I disconnect, the iCloud stuff all starts working. Connect again, iCloud stops working. Here's the server.conf: status openvpn-status.log log /var/log/openvpn.log verb 4 port 1194 proto udp dev tun ca /etc/openvpn/ca.crt cert /etc/openvpn/server.crt key /etc/openvpn/server.key dh /etc/openvpn/dh1024.pem server 10.9.8.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt push "redirect-gateway def1" push “dhcp-option DNS 10.9.8.1? keepalive 10 120 duplicate-cn cipher BF-CBC comp-lzo user nobody group nogroup persist-key persist-tun tun-mtu 1500 mssfix 1400 I'm using iptables in a script, and it's also fairly simplistic. iptables -F iptables -t nat -F iptables -t mangle -F iptables -A FORWARD -i tun0 -o venet0 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i venet0 -o tun0 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 1194 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p udp --dport 1194 -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.9.8.0/24 -j SNAT --to-source <server's public ip> echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward I tried forwarding ports as well, with no success. iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -d 10.9.8.0/24 --dport 5222:5230 -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 5222:5230 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.9.8.6 I am also sometimes behind a double-NAT situation that I have no control over. Client -> work VPN -> my OpenVPN box -> Internet. Client -> Airport Express -> ISP (which is doing NAT) -> my OpenVPN box -> Internet. Those two situations are just the fact of life where I am, and I cannot change them. I do have full control over my client and the OpenVPN server. I am completely out of ideas. I have posted a similar query at the OpenVPN forums, but it hasn't posted yet and seems to be in their moderation queue still. Tried on freenode irc channels, but nobody is awake, so here I am. I have Googled extensively for this, and can find nothing that is related. Help me get iCloud stuff working again! (I tried serverfault, it was closed as off-topic. I'm trying here and the Unix site as well. Here because it's a more general audience that might know more about OpenVPN based on the number of questions I see asked about it) EDIT: -I have also tried upgrading to Version: 2.3-beta1-debian0 - issue persists. -Removed all iptables rules except for the ones that flush -left this rule:iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.9.8.0/24 -j SNAT --to-source (server ip) -added iptables -A FORWARD -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT still, nothing works. I can see traffic in tcpdump on the server if i watch the tunnel: 20:03:48.702835 IP nk11p01st-courier105-bz.push.apple.com.5223 10.9.8.6.60772: Flags [F.], seq 2635, ack 1218, win 76, options [nop,nop,TS val 914984811 ecr 745921298], length 0 20:03:48.911244 IP 10.9.8.6.60772 nk11p01st-courier105-bz.push.apple.com.5223: Flags [R], seq 3621143451, win 0, length 0 But still, no push messages/notifications are ever delivered. :/ EDIT: * Further testing indicates that it might actually be the client after all.

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• Bind9 Debian Not responding

  - by Marc

  Im trying to set up a webserver with Bind9, apache2 on Debian 6. I am trying to learn to do it manualy so I do not have any control panels or anything just the command line. I have a domain name lets call it www.example.com I want a virtual host setup so that I can have multiple websites with different names on my server. I have ns1.example.com and ns2.example.com registered at my servers IP (123.456.789.12). Below is my Bind9 named.conf.options options { directory "/var/cache/bind"; // If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want // to talk to, you may need to fix the firewall to allow multiple // ports to talk. See http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/800113 // If your ISP provided one or more IP addresses for stable // nameservers, you probably want to use them as forwarders. // Uncomment the following block, and insert the addresses replacing // the all-0's placeholder. // forwarders { // 0.0.0.0; // }; auth-nxdomain no; # conform to RFC1035 listen-on-v6 { any; }; }; This is the default I'm not sure if i was supposed to edit it. I didn't. Here is my named.conf.default-zones: // prime the server with knowledge of the root servers zone "." { type hint; file "/etc/bind/db.root"; }; // be authoritative for the localhost forward and reverse zones, and for // broadcast zones as per RFC 1912 zone "localhost" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.local"; }; zone "127.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.127"; }; zone "0.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.0"; }; zone "255.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.255"; }; zone "example.com.com" { type master; file "etc/bind/example.com.db"; }; named.conf.local Is an empty file with a comment saying to do local configuration here. example.com.db looks like this: ; BIND data file for mywebsite.com ; $ORIGIN example.com. $TTL 604800 @ IN SOA ns1.example.com. [email protected]. ( 2009120101 ; Serial 604800 ; Refresh 86400 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL ; IN NS ns1.example.com. IN NS ns2.example.com. IN MX 10 mail.example.com. localhost IN A 127.0.0.1 example.com. IN A 123.456.789.12 ns1 IN A 123.456.789.12 ns2 IN A 123.456.789.12 www IN A 123.456.789.12 ftp IN A 123.456.789.12 mail IN A 123.456.789.12 boards IN CNAME www These are all settings I've found from various tutorials. Now when i go to intodns I get: You should already know that your NS records at your nameservers are missing, so here it is again: ns1.example.com ns2.example.com Can someone help me? I'm not sure what Im doing wrong.

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• How to free up space on RHEL6 /boot safely?

  - by ams

  I am trying to do yum update on RHEL 6 box and I am getting this error message Transaction Check Error: installing package kernel-2.6.32-279.9.1.el6.x86_64 needs 10MB on the /boot filesystem installing package grub-1:0.97-77.el6.x86_64 needs 10MB on the /boot filesystem Error Summary ------------- Disk Requirements: At least 10MB more space needed on the /boot filesystem. My /boot has the following # ls -lah /boot total 74M dr-xr-xr-x. 5 root root 2.0K Jun 10 08:05 . drwxr-xr-x. 23 root root 4.0K Aug 27 03:08 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 99K Apr 26 12:53 config-2.6.32-220.17.1.el6.x86_64 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 99K Feb 10 2012 config-2.6.32-220.7.1.el6.x86_64 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 99K Nov 9 2011 config-2.6.32-220.el6.x86_64 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 1.0K Mar 29 2012 efi drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 1.0K Jun 10 07:53 grub -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15M Jun 10 07:53 initramfs-2.6.32-220.17.1.el6.x86_64.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15M Mar 29 2012 initramfs-2.6.32-220.7.1.el6.x86_64.img -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 15M Mar 29 2012 initramfs-2.6.32-220.el6.x86_64.img -rw------- 1 root root 3.4M Jun 10 08:06 initrd-2.6.32-220.17.1.el6.x86_64kdump.img -rw------- 1 root root 3.5M Jun 10 07:53 initrd-2.6.32-220.7.1.el6.x86_64kdump.img -rw------- 1 root root 3.4M Mar 29 2012 initrd-2.6.32-220.el6.x86_64kdump.img drwx------. 2 root root 12K Mar 29 2012 lost+found -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 168K Apr 26 12:55 symvers-2.6.32-220.17.1.el6.x86_64.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 168K Feb 10 2012 symvers-2.6.32-220.7.1.el6.x86_64.gz -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 168K Nov 9 2011 symvers-2.6.32-220.el6.x86_64.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.3M Apr 26 12:53 System.map-2.6.32-220.17.1.el6.x86_64 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.3M Feb 10 2012 System.map-2.6.32-220.7.1.el6.x86_64 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2.3M Nov 9 2011 System.map-2.6.32-220.el6.x86_64 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3.8M Apr 26 12:53 vmlinuz-2.6.32-220.17.1.el6.x86_64 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 171 Apr 26 12:53 .vmlinuz-2.6.32-220.17.1.el6.x86_64.hmac -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3.8M Feb 10 2012 vmlinuz-2.6.32-220.7.1.el6.x86_64 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 170 Feb 10 2012 .vmlinuz-2.6.32-220.7.1.el6.x86_64.hmac -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3.8M Nov 9 2011 vmlinuz-2.6.32-220.el6.x86_64 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 166 Nov 9 2011 .vmlinuz-2.6.32-220.el6.x86_64.hmac here is the disk usage on boot # du -h 13K ./lost+found 282K ./grub 247K ./efi/EFI/redhat 249K ./efi/EFI 251K ./efi 75M . Problem is that when I got this severer at my ISP I used their default image for RHEL 6 which only allocates 100MB for /boot clearly this is not enough. How can I get around this problem, is it safe to delete any of the above files some of them seem to be on the disk more than once? Is there some way of expand /boot without re-imaging the machine?

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• IPv6: Should I have private addresses?

  - by AlReece45

  Right now, we have a rack of servers. Every server right now has at least 2 IP addresses, one for the public interface, another for the private. The servers that have SSL websites on them have more IP addresses. We also have virtual servers, that are configured similarly. Private Network The private range is currently just used for backups and monitoring. Its a gigabit port, the interface usage does not usually get very high. There are other technologies we're considering using that would use this port: iSCSI (implementations usually recommends dedicating an interface to it, which would be yet another IP network), VPN to get access to the private range (something I'd rather avoid) dedicated database servers LDAP centralized configuration (like puppet) centralized logging We don't have any private addresses in our DNS records (only public addresses). For our servers to utilize the correct IP address for the right interface (and not hard code the IP address) probably requires setting up a private DNS server (So now we add 2 different dns entries to 2 different systems). Public Network Our public range has a variety of services include web, email, and ftp. There is a hardware firewall between our network and the "public" network. We have (relatively secure) method to instruct the firewall to open and close administrative access (web interfaces, ssh, etc) for our current IP address. With either solution discussed, the host-based firewalls will be configured as well. The public network currently runs at a dedicated 20Mbps link. There are a couple of legacy servers with fast-ethernet ports, but they are scheduled for decommissioning. All of the other production boxes have at least 2 Gigabit Ethernet ports. The more traffic-heavy servers have 4-6 available (none is using more than the 2 Gigabit ports right now). IPv6 I want to get an IPv6 prefix from our ISP. So at least every "server" has at least one IPv6 interface. We'll still need to keep the IPv4 addressees up and available for legacy clients (web servers and email at the very least). We have two IP networks right now. Adding the public IPv6 address would make it three. Just use IPv6? I'm thinking about just dumping the private IPv4 range and using the IPv6 range as the primary means of all communications. If an interface starts reaching its capacity, utilize the newly free interfaces to create a trunk. It has the advantage that if either the public or private traffic needs to exceed 1Gbps. The traffic for each interface is already analyzed on a regular basis to predict future bandwidth use. In the rare instances where bandwidth unexpected peaks: utilize QoS to ensure traffic (like our limited SSH access) is prioritized correctly so the problem can be corrected (if possible, our WAN is the bottleneck right now). It also has the advantage of not needing to make an entry for every private address. We may have private DNS (or just LDAP), but it'll be much more limited in scope with less entries to duplicate. Summary I'm trying to make this network as "simple" as possible. At the same time, I want to make sure its reliable, upgradeable, scalable, and (eventually) redundant. Having one IPv6 network, and a legacy IPv4 network seems to be the best solution to me. Regarding using assigned IPv6 addresses for both networks, sharing the available bandwidth on one (more trunked if needed): Are there any technical disadvantages (limitations, buffers, scalability)? Are there any other security considerations (asides from firewalls mentioned above) to consider? Are there regulations or other security requirements (like PCI-DSS) that this doesn't meet? Is there typical software for setting up a Linux network that doesn't have IPv6 support yet? (logging, ldap, puppet) Some other thing I didn't consider?

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• Cablemodem (SBG6580) firewall denying some outbound traffic? Why? Not configured [migrated]

  - by lairdb

  I finally got around to turning the syslog on for my cablemodem (Motorola Surfboard SBG6580) and I'm seeing about the expected amount of inbound attackage being blocked... 2014-05-30 21:59:02 Local0.Alert 192.168.111.1 May 31 04:58:56 2014 SYSLOG[0]: [Host 192.168.111.1] UDP 12.230.209.198,4500 --> 66.27.xx.xx,61459 DENY:Firewall interface [IP Fragmented Packet] attack 2014-05-30 21:59:02 Local0.Alert 192.168.111.1 May 31 04:58:56 2014 SYSLOG[0]: [Host 192.168.111.1] TCP 17.172.232.109,5223 --> 66.27.xx.xx,53814 DENY:Firewall interface access request 2014-05-30 21:59:02 Local0.Alert 192.168.111.1 May 31 04:58:57 2014 SYSLOG[0]: [Host 192.168.111.1] UDP 12.230.209.198,443 --> 66.27.xx.xx,53385 DENY: Firewall interface [IP Fragmented Packet] attack 2014-05-30 21:59:02 Local0.Alert 192.168.111.1 May 31 04:58:57 2014 SYSLOG[0]: [Host 192.168.111.1] UDP 12.230.209.198,4500 --> 66.27.xx.xx,61459 DENY:Firewall interface [IP Fragmented Packet] attack 2014-05-30 21:59:10 Local0.Alert 192.168.111.1 May 31 04:59:04 2014 SYSLOG[0]: [Host 192.168.111.1] UDP 12.230.209.198,443 --> 66.27.xx.xx,59960 DENY: Firewall interface [IP Fragmented Packet] attack 2014-05-30 21:59:10 Local0.Alert 192.168.111.1 May 31 04:59:04 2014 SYSLOG[0]: [Host 192.168.111.1] UDP 12.230.209.198,4500 --> 66.27.xx.xx,61459 DENY:Firewall interface [IP Fragmented Packet] attack ...and that's great. (Sad, but great.) But I'm also seeing a HUGE amount of what appears to be denied outbound connectivity: 2014-05-30 16:30:10 Local0.Alert 192.168.111.1 May 30 23:30:04 2014 SYSLOG[0]: [Host 192.168.111.1] TCP 192.168.111.100,58969 --> 38.81.66.127,443 DENY: Inbound or outbound access request 2014-05-30 16:30:10 Local0.Alert 192.168.111.1 May 30 23:30:04 2014 SYSLOG[0]: [Host 192.168.111.1] TCP 192.168.111.100,58969 --> 38.81.66.127,443 DENY: Inbound or outbound access request 2014-05-30 16:30:10 Local0.Alert 192.168.111.1 May 30 23:30:04 2014 SYSLOG[0]: [Host 192.168.111.1] TCP 192.168.111.100,58965 --> 162.222.41.13,443 DENY: Inbound or outbound access request 2014-05-30 16:30:10 Local0.Alert 192.168.111.1 May 30 23:30:04 2014 SYSLOG[0]: [Host 192.168.111.1] TCP 192.168.111.100,58965 --> 162.222.41.13,443 DENY: Inbound or outbound access request 2014-05-30 16:30:10 Local0.Alert 192.168.111.1 May 30 23:30:04 2014 SYSLOG[0]: [Host 192.168.111.1] TCP 192.168.111.100,58964 --> 38.81.66.179,443 DENY: Inbound or outbound access request 2014-05-30 16:30:10 Local0.Alert 192.168.111.1 May 30 23:30:04 2014 SYSLOG[0]: [Host 192.168.111.1] TCP 192.168.111.100,58964 --> 38.81.66.179,443 DENY: Inbound or outbound access request ...and Spot checking suggests that it's all legitimate traffic (Opening connections to CrashPlan, etc.), I have no restrictions configured in the modem; I don't see why it should be blocking anything. Am I misreading the log entry, and it's not actually being denied? (Seems unlikely.) Is the ISP (TWC) pushing deny tables that are not exposed in the UI? (Tinfoil hat too tight.) I'm confused. (The good news, such as it is, is that AFAIK I'm not experiencing any actual issues... but maybe I am; tough to tell.) Thanks.

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• Can't configure frame relay T1 on Cisco 1760

  - by sonar

  For the past few days I've been trying to configure a data T1 via a Frame Relay. Now I've been pretty unsuccessful at it, and it's been a while, since I've done this so please bare with me. The ISP provided me the following information: 1. IP address 2. Gateway address 3. Encapsulation Frame Relay 4. DLCI 100 5. BZ8 ESF (I think the bz8 was supposed to be b8zs) 6. Time Slot (1 al 24). And what I have configured up until now is the following: interface Serial0/0 ip address <ip address> 255.255.255.252 encapsulation frame-relay service-module t1 timeslots 1-24 frame-relay interface-dlci 100 sh service-module s0/0 (outputs): Module type is T1/fractional Hardware revision is 0.128, Software revision is 0.2, Image checksum is 0x73D70058, Protocol revision is 0.1 Receiver has no alarms. Framing is **ESF**, Line Code is **B8ZS**, Current clock source is line, Fraction has **24 timeslots** (64 Kbits/sec each), Net bandwidth is 1536 Kbits/sec. Last module self-test (done at startup): Passed Last clearing of alarm counters 00:17:17 loss of signal : 0, loss of frame : 0, AIS alarm : 0, Remote alarm : 2, last occurred 00:10:10 Module access errors : 0, Total Data (last 1 15 minute intervals): 0 Line Code Violations, 0 Path Code Violations 0 Slip Secs, 0 Fr Loss Secs, 0 Line Err Secs, 0 Degraded Mins 0 Errored Secs, 0 Bursty Err Secs, 0 Severely Err Secs, 0 Unavail Secs Data in current interval (138 seconds elapsed): 0 Line Code Violations, 0 Path Code Violations 0 Slip Secs, 0 Fr Loss Secs, 0 Line Err Secs, 0 Degraded Mins 0 Errored Secs, 0 Bursty Err Secs, 0 Severely Err Secs, 0 Unavail Secs sh int: FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is PQUICC_FEC, address is 000d.6516.e5aa (bia 000d.6516.e5aa) Internet address is 10.0.0.1/24 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set Keepalive set (10 sec) Full-duplex, 100Mb/s, 100BaseTX/FX ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Last input 00:20:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: fifo Output queue: 0/40 (size/max) 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 0 packets input, 0 bytes Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored 0 watchdog 0 input packets with dribble condition detected 191 packets output, 20676 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets 0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred 0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is down Hardware is PQUICC with Fractional T1 CSU/DSU MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1536 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation FRAME-RELAY, loopback not set Keepalive set (10 sec) LMI enq sent 157, LMI stat recvd 0, LMI upd recvd 0, DTE LMI down LMI enq recvd 23, LMI stat sent 0, LMI upd sent 0 LMI DLCI 1023 LMI type is CISCO frame relay DTE FR SVC disabled, LAPF state down Broadcast queue 0/64, broadcasts sent/dropped 2/0, interface broadcasts 0 Last input 00:24:51, output 00:00:05, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:27:20 Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: weighted fair Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total) Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) Available Bandwidth 1152 kilobits/sec 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 23 packets input, 302 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 1725 input errors, 595 CRC, 1099 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 30 abort 246 packets output, 3974 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 48 interface resets 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out 4 carrier transitions DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up Serial0/0.1 is down, line protocol is down Hardware is PQUICC with Fractional T1 CSU/DSU MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1536 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation FRAME-RELAY Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Serial0/0.100 is down, line protocol is down Hardware is PQUICC with Fractional T1 CSU/DSU Internet address is <ip address>/30 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1536 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation FRAME-RELAY Last clearing of "show interface" counters never And everything seems to be accounted for to me, but apparently I'm missing something. My issue is that I'm stuck on interface up, line protocol down, so the T1 doesn't go up. Any ideas? Thank you,

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• BIND no longer responds to AXFR Requests

  - by djsumdog

  Recently we moved our primary external DNS server. It has three caching DNS slaves in front of it provided by our ISP. They've told us they've started getting access denied requests when doing zone transfers (AXFR). If I add in my own IPs to the allow-transfer list, I also get a transfer failed when using dig with the AXFR argument. Here is what my bind configuration looks like: options { directory "/var/lib/named"; dump-file "/var/log/named_dump.db"; zone-statistics yes; statistics-file "/var/log/named.stats"; listen-on-v6 { any; }; notify-source 10.19.0.68 port 53; querylog yes; notify yes; allow-transfer { 127.0.0.1; //localhost 1.1.1.1; //public dns slave 1 2.2.2.2; //public dns slave 2 3.3.3.3; //public dns slave 3 }; also-notify { 1.1.1.1; //public dns slave 1 2.2.2.2; //public dns slave 2 3.3.3.3; //public dns slave 3 }; include "/etc/named.d/forwarders.conf"; }; logging { channel simple_log { file "/var/log/bind.log" versions 10 size 3m; severity info; print-time yes; print-severity yes; print-category yes; }; category default{ simple_log; }; channel log_zone_transfers { file "/var/log/axfr.log" versions 10 size 3m; print-time yes; print-category yes; print-severity yes; }; category xfer-out { log_zone_transfers; }; channel log_notify { file "/var/log/notify.log" versions 10 size 3m; print-time yes; print-category yes; print-severity yes; }; category notify { log_notify; }; channel queries { file "/var/log/queries.log" versions 10 size 30m; print-time yes; severity info; print-category yes; print-severity yes; }; category queries { queries; }; }; zone "." in { type hint; file "root.hint"; }; zone "localhost" in { type master; file "localhost.zone"; }; zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" in { type master; file "127.0.0.zone"; }; include "/etc/named.conf.include"; zone "example.net " { type master; file "/var/lib/named/master/example.net.hosts"; }; zone "example.com " { type master; file "/var/lib/named/master/example.com.hosts"; }; ## -- other master files -- And the errors in the xfer log look like the following: 29-Oct-2012 14:20:02.806 xfer-out: info: client 1.1.1.1#59069: bad zone transfer request: 'example.com./IN': non-authoritative zone (NOTAUTH) I've tried adding allow-transfer parameters directly on the zone files and still get failed transfers. Any idea what I'm doing wrong?

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• Postfix Submission port issue

  - by RevSpot

  I have setup postfix+mailman on my debian server and i have an issue with postfix submission port. My ISP blocks SMTP on port 25 to prevent *spams and i must to use submission port (587). I have uncomment the following line from master.cf (/etc/postfix/) but nothing happens. submission inet n - - - - smtpd This is my mail logs file when i try to invite a user to mailman list Nov 6 00:35:34 myhostname postfix/qmgr[1763]: C90BF1060D: from=<[email protected]>, size=1743, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Nov 6 00:35:34 myhostname postfix/qmgr[1763]: DF54B10608: from=<[email protected]>, size=488, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Nov 6 00:35:34 myhostname postfix/qmgr[1763]: 80F0D10609: from=<[email protected]>, size=483, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Nov 6 00:35:55 myhostname postfix/smtp[2269]: connect to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[173.194.70.27]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:35:55 myhostname postfix/smtp[2270]: connect to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[173.194.70.27]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:35:55 myhostname postfix/smtp[2271]: connect to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[173.194.70.27]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:36:16 myhostname postfix/smtp[2269]: connect to alt1.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.143.26]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:36:16 myhostname postfix/smtp[2270]: connect to alt1.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.143.26]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:36:16 myhostname postfix/smtp[2271]: connect to alt1.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.143.26]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:36:37 myhostname postfix/smtp[2269]: connect to alt2.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.141.26]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:36:37 myhostname postfix/smtp[2270]: connect to alt2.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.141.26]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:36:37 myhostname4 postfix/smtp[2271]: connect to alt2.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.141.26]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:36:58 myhostname postfix/smtp[2269]: connect to alt3.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[173.194.64.26]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:36:58 myhostname postfix/smtp[2270]: connect to alt3.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[173.194.64.26]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:36:58 myhostname postfix/smtp[2271]: connect to alt3.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[173.194.64.26]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:37:19 myhostname postfix/smtp[2269]: connect to alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.142.26]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:37:19 myhostname postfix/smtp[2270]: connect to alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.142.26]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:37:19 myhostname postfix/smtp[2269]: C90BF1060D: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=23711, delays=23606/0.03/105/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (connect to alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.142.26]:25: Connection timed out) Nov 6 00:37:19 myhostname postfix/smtp[2271]: connect to alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.142.26]:25: Connection timed out Nov 6 00:37:19 myhostname postfix/smtp[2270]: DF54B10608: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=23882, delays=23777/0.03/105/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (connect to alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.142.26]:25: Connection timed out) Nov 6 00:37:19 myhostname postfix/smtp[2271]: 80F0D10609: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=23875, delays=23770/0.04/105/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (connect to alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.142.26]:25: Connection timed out) main.cf smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Debian/GNU) biff = no append_dot_mydomain = no readme_directory = no smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache myhostname = mail.mydomain.com alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname mydestination = mail.mydomain.com, localhost.mydomain.com,localhost relayhost = relay_domains = $mydestination, mail.mydomain.com relay_recipient_maps = hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/virtual-mailman transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport mailman_destination_recipient_limit = 1 mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION" mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all local_recipient_maps = master.cf smtp inet n - - - - smtpd submission inet n - - - - smtpd # -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt # -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes # -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #smtps inet n - - - - smtpd # -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes # -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes # -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #628 inet n - - - - qmqpd pickup fifo n - - 60 1 pickup cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr #qmgr fifo n - - 300 1 oqmgr tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce defer unix - - - - 0 bounce trace unix - - - - 0 bounce verify unix - - - - 1 verify flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap smtp unix - - - - - smtp # When relaying mail as backup MX, disable fallback_relay to avoid MX loops relay unix - - - - - smtp -o smtp_fallback_relay= # -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5 showq unix n - - - - showq error unix - - - - - error retry unix - - - - - error discard unix - - - - - discard local unix - n n - - local virtual unix - n n - - virtual lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil scache unix - - - - 1 scache # # ==================================================================== # # maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details. # Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1 # maildrop unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient} # # ==================================================================== # # See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details. # uucp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient) # # Other external delivery methods. # ifmail unix - n n - - pipe flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient) bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension} mailman unix - n n - - pipe flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py ${nexthop} ${user}

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• DNS server not functioning correctly

  - by Shamit Shrestha

  I have setup a DNS server which isnt working properly. My domain is accswift.com which has glued to two name servers ns1.accswift.com and ns2.accswift.com for the same IP address - 203.78.164.18. On domain end everything should be fine. Please check -http://www.intodns.com/accswift.com I am sure its the problem with the linux server. Can anyone help me find where the problem is for me? Below is the settings that I have in the server. ====================== DIG [root@accswift ~]# dig accswift.com ; << DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 << accswift.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; -HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 11275 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;accswift.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: accswift.com. 38400 IN A 203.78.164.18 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: accswift.com. 38400 IN NS ns1.accswift.com. accswift.com. 38400 IN NS ns2.accswift.com. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns1.accswift.com. 38400 IN A 203.78.164.18 ns2.accswift.com. 38400 IN A 203.78.164.18 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Wed Nov 6 20:12:16 2013 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 114 ============== IP Tables settings vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables *filter :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -A FORWARD -o eth0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix BANDWIDTH_OUT: -A FORWARD -i eth0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix BANDWIDTH_IN: -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix BANDWIDTH_OUT: -A INPUT -i eth0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix BANDWIDTH_IN: -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --sport 53 -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT COMMIT Completed on Fri Sep 20 04:20:33 2013 Generated by webmin *mangle :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :PREROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] COMMIT Completed Generated by webmin *nat :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :PREROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] COMMIT ====DNS settings vi /var/named/accswift.com.host $ttl 38400 @ IN SOA ns1.accswift.com. root.ns1.accswift.com. ( 1382936091 10800 3600 604800 38400 ) @ IN NS ns1.accswift.com. @ IN NS ns2.accswift.com. accswift.com. IN A 203.78.164.18 accswift.com. IN NS ns1.accswift.com. www.accswift.com. IN A 203.78.164.18 ftp.accswift.com. IN A 203.78.164.18 m.accswift.com. IN A 203.78.164.18 ns1 IN A 203.78.164.18 ns2 IN A 203.78.164.18 localhost.accswift.com. IN A 127.0.0.1 webmail.accswift.com. IN A 203.78.164.18 admin.accswift.com. IN A 203.78.164.18 mail.accswift.com. IN A 203.78.164.18 accswift.com. IN MX 5 mail.accswift.com. ====Named.conf vi /etc/named.conf options { listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; }; listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; }; directory "/var/named"; dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db"; statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt"; memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt"; allow-query { any; }; recursion yes; allow-recursion { localhost; 192.168.2.0/24; }; dnssec-enable yes; dnssec-validation yes; dnssec-lookaside auto; /* Path to ISC DLV key */ bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key"; managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic"; forward first; forwarders {192.168.1.1;}; }; logging { channel default_debug { file "data/named.run"; severity dynamic; }; }; zone "." IN { type hint; file "named.ca"; }; include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones"; include "/etc/named.root.key"; zone "accswift.com" { type master; file "/var/named/accswift.com.hosts"; allow-transfer { 127.0.0.1; localnets; 208.73.211.69; }; }; zone "ns1.accswift.com" { type master; file "/var/named/ns1.accswift.com.hosts"; }; ==================================== Can anybody find any flaw in this? I am still unable to reach accswift.com from any other ISP. But it is browsable from the same network though. Thanks in advance.

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• Dig returns "status: REFUSED" for external queries?

  - by Mikey

  I can't seem to work out why my DNS isn't working properly, if I run dig from the nameserver it functions correctly: # dig ungl.org ; <<>> DiG 9.5.1-P2.1 <<>> ungl.org ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 24585 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;ungl.org. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: ungl.org. 38400 IN A 188.165.34.72 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: ungl.org. 38400 IN NS ns.kimsufi.com. ungl.org. 38400 IN NS r29901.ovh.net. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns.kimsufi.com. 85529 IN A 213.186.33.199 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Sat Mar 13 01:04:06 2010 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 114 but when I run it from another server in the same datacenter I receive: # dig @87.98.167.208 ungl.org ; <<>> DiG 9.5.1-P2.1 <<>> @87.98.167.208 ungl.org ; (1 server found) ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: REFUSED, id: 18787 ;; flags: qr rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;ungl.org. IN A ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 87.98.167.208#53(87.98.167.208) ;; WHEN: Sat Mar 13 01:01:35 2010 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 26 my zone file for this domain is $ttl 38400 ungl.org. IN SOA r29901.ovh.net. mikey.aol.com. ( 201003121 10800 3600 604800 38400 ) ungl.org. IN NS r29901.ovh.net. ungl.org. IN NS ns.kimsufi.com. ungl.org. IN A 188.165.34.72 localhost. IN A 127.0.0.1 www IN A 188.165.34.72 and the named.conf.options is default: options { directory "/var/cache/bind"; // If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want // to talk to, you may need to fix the firewall to allow multiple // ports to talk. See http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/800113 // If your ISP provided one or more IP addresses for stable // nameservers, you probably want to use them as forwarders. // Uncomment the following block, and insert the addresses replacing // the all-0's placeholder. // forwarders { // 0.0.0.0; // }; auth-nxdomain no; # conform to RFC1035 listen-on-v6 { ::1; }; listen-on { 127.0.0.1; }; allow-recursion { 127.0.0.1; }; }; named.conf.local: // // Do any local configuration here // // Consider adding the 1918 zones here, if they are not used in your // organization // include "/etc/bind/zones.rfc1918"; zone "eugl.eu" { type master; file "/etc/bind/eugl.eu"; notify no; }; zone "ungl.org" { type master; file "/etc/bind/ungl.org"; notify no; }; The server is running Ubuntu 9.10 and Bind 9, if anyone can shed some light on this for me it'd make me very happy! thanks

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• Connection drops while transferring large files to one server on a network

  - by Charlotte

  My company has two sites, each with their own LAN, using site to site VPN tunnel to connect the two sites. When transferring files (especially larger files) from site1 to site2 server1, the file transfer fails. I don't think this can be a VPN issue because transferring the same files to site2 server2 which is on the same network as server1 works fine. Pings to server1 and server2 at site2 from site1 are about the same, mostly 19/20ms with the odd one up to 50ms. As server1 is DB server with a high load I thought the NIC maybe overloaded, but a transfer from site2 server1 to site2 server2 works fine, and that uses the same NIC on server1 as transfers from site1 to site2 server1. The servers are both Windows Server 2003 VMs with VMXNET 3 NICs. Site2 Server1 route print: IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Interface List 0x1 ........................... MS TCP Loopback interface 0x10003 ...00 50 56 99 28 9b ...... vmxnet3 Ethernet Adapter #2 0x10004 ...00 50 56 99 18 97 ...... vmxnet3 Ethernet Adapter =========================================================================== =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.20.10.1 172.20.10.18 10 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.10.70 10.10.10.70 10 10.10.10.70 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10 10.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 10.10.10.70 10.10.10.70 10 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1 172.20.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.20.10.18 172.20.10.18 10 172.20.10.18 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10 172.20.255.255 255.255.255.255 172.20.10.18 172.20.10.18 10 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 10.10.10.70 10.10.10.70 10 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 172.20.10.18 172.20.10.18 10 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 10.10.10.70 10.10.10.70 1 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 172.20.10.18 172.20.10.18 1 Default Gateway: 172.20.10.1 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None Site2 Server2 route print IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Interface List 0x1 ........................... MS TCP Loopback interface 0x10003 ...00 50 56 99 15 00 ...... vmxnet3 Ethernet Adapter =========================================================================== =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.20.10.1 172.20.10.114 10 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1 172.20.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.20.10.114 172.20.10.114 10 172.20.10.114 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10 172.20.255.255 255.255.255.255 172.20.10.114 172.20.10.114 10 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 172.20.10.114 172.20.10.114 10 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 172.20.10.114 172.20.10.114 1 Default Gateway: 172.20.10.1 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None Site1 Server route print: =========================================================================== Interface List 14...00 50 56 93 00 0b ......vmxnet3 Ethernet Adapter #2 1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1 12...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter 13...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface =========================================================================== IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.168.1 192.168.168.118 261 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 192.168.168.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.168.118 261 192.168.168.118 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.168.118 261 192.168.168.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.168.118 261 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.168.118 261 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.168.118 261 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: Network Address Netmask Gateway Address Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.168.1 Default =========================================================================== IPv6 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: If Metric Network Destination Gateway 1 306 ::1/128 On-link 14 261 fe80::/64 On-link 14 261 fe80::3c6b:996f:ef36:ee76/128 On-link 1 306 ff00::/8 On-link 14 261 ff00::/8 On-link =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None tracert from site1 to site2 server1: Tracing route to server1 [172.20.10.18] over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 19 ms 19 ms 19 ms server1 [172.20.10.18] Trace complete. tracert from site2 server1 to site1: When this was run it went to the external IP of site2, then to a couple of external ips of the isp, then times out. Can anyone suggest any troubleshooting steps? Thanks, Charlotte.

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• How to set up port forwarding and firewall settings for torrents using Transmsission on Mac OSX 10.5

  - by Liz

  I have picked up bits of advice here and there on the internet and got someway through this tortuous exercise (after it took 18 hours to download the first torrent I tried yesterday - magnet-link for a film). Where I have got stuck is with configuring the firewall on the Netgear Router but I am not sure if I have caused the problem myself by something else I have done configuring the Mac System Preferences for Security or Networking. I have been following the sections of these instructions that seem to apply, although they are written for a different OSX version (don't know which one, but the screen shots do not match what I see) and I am not wanting to set up my Mac as a server and attending to the parts that apply to port forwarding for Netgear rather than LinkSys: http://homepage.mac.com/car1son/static_port_fwd_intro.html I have been trying to follow these instructions: Instructions for DG834, DG834G, DG824M, FR114W, FM114P, FR114P, FR328S, FVL328, FVS328, FVS338, FVX538, FWAG114, FWG114P, or FVS318v3 These routers do port forwarding by assigning port numbers to a "service" associated with the application you want to run. "Rules" are set for particular services. Rules block or allow access, based on various conditions such as the time of day and the name of the service. To Create a New Inbound or Outbound Rule 1. Submit the router's address in an Internet browser. (The default is 192.168.0.1). 2. Enter the router's username and password. 3. From the main menu, click Security > Rules. 4. Click Add for inbound or outbound traffic, as appropriate to the application you are planning to run. 5. Select the Service. The services the router knows about are listed in the drop down. If the service you want is not listed, add it as described in the next section. 6. Select the Action, for example ALLOW always. 7. For Send to LAN Server, enter the IP address of the local server. Note that this is also the IP address the computers on your LAN will access. 8. For WAN User choose Any, or limit access to particular IP addresses. 9. For Log selection it is reasonable to turn logs on, especially at the beginning when you are unsure of the result of the changes you are making. Later, you may want to set logs to "Never" for performance reasons. 10. Click Apply. As noted in user manual for some models: * Consider using the Dynamic DNS feature on the Advanced menu, so that external users can find your network when the DHCP lease is renewed by your ISP. * If your own LAN server uses DHCP, and your IPs change on rebooting, consider using the Reserved IP Address feature in the LAN IP menu. To Add a Service for These Routers 1. Click Security > Services > Add Custom Service. 2. Enter any name you choose for the service. 3. Select whether the service is to use TCP or UDP. If you are unsure, select both. 4. Enter the lowest port number used by the service. 5. Enter the highest port number used. If the service uses only one port number, enter the same number. 6. Click Apply. There is no "Security - Rules" submenu in the Netgear page, so I have been trying to access "Security - Firewall Rules". I can access everthing else in the Netgear settings as Admin but I cannot get the "Firewall Rules" section to open up. (I am not 100% sure I will know exactly what to do if and when I do get it opened up!) I haven't managed to find though searching the internet any instructions that would seem to apply specifically to what I am trying to achieve, so would be very grateful if someone could either point me in the right direction or give me some advice directly. Best wishes, Liz

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• Weighted round robins via TTL - possible?

  - by Joe Hopfgartner

  I currently use DNS round robin for load balancing, which works great. The records look like this (I have a ttl of 120 seconds) ;; ANSWER SECTION: orion.2x.to. 116 IN A 80.237.201.41 orion.2x.to. 116 IN A 87.230.54.12 orion.2x.to. 116 IN A 87.230.100.10 orion.2x.to. 116 IN A 87.230.51.65 I learned that not every ISP / device treats such a response the same way. For example some DNS servers rotate the addresses randomly or always cycle them through. Some just propagate the first entry, others try to determine which is best (regionally near) by looking at the ip address. However if the userbase is big enough (spreads over multiple ISPs etc) it balances pretty well. The discrepancies from highest to lowest loaded server hardly every exceeds 15%. However now I have the problem that I am introducing more servers into the systems, that not all have the same capacities. I currently only have 1gbps servers, but I want to work with 100mbit and also 10gbps servers too. So what I want is I want to introduce a server with 10 GBps with a weight of 100, a 1 gbps server with a weight of 10 and a 100 mbit server with a weight of 1. I used to add servers twice to bring more traffic to them (which worked nice. the bandwidth doubled almost.) But adding a 10gbit server 100 times to DNS is a bit rediculous. So I thought about using the TTL. If I give server A 240 seconds ttl and server B only 120 seconds (which is about about the minimum to use for round robin, as a lot of dns servers set to 120 if a lower ttl is specified.. so i have heard) I think something like this should occour in an ideal scenario: first 120 seconds 50% of requests get server A -> keep it for 240 seconds. 50% of requests get server B -> keep it for 120 seconds second 120 seconds 50% of requests still have server A cached -> keep it for another 120 seconds. 25% of requests get server A -> keep it for 240 seconds 25% of requests get server B -> keep it for 120 seconds third 120 seconds 25% will get server A (from the 50% of Server A that now expired) -> cache 240 sec 25% will get server B (from the 50% of Server A that now expired) -> cache 120 sec 25% will have server A cached for another 120 seconds 12.5% will get server B (from the 25% of server B that now expired) -> cache 120sec 12.5% will get server A (from the 25% of server B that now expired) -> cache 240 sec fourth 120 seconds 25% will have server A cached -> cache for another 120 secs 12.5% will get server A (from the 25% of b that now expired) -> cache 240 secs 12.5% will get server B (from the 25% of b that now expired) -> cache 120 secs 12.5% will get server A (from the 25% of a that now expired) -> cache 240 secs 12.5% will get server B (from the 25% of a that now expired) -> cache 120 secs 6.25% will get server A (from the 12.5% of b that now expired) -> cache 240 secs 6.25% will get server B (from the 12.5% of b that now expired) -> cache 120 secs 12.5% will have server A cached -> cache another 120 secs ... i think i lost something at this point but i think you get the idea.... As you can see this gets pretty complicated to predict and it will for sure not work out like this in practice. But it should definitely have an effect on the distribution! I know that weighted round robin exists and is just controlled by the root server. It just cycles through dns records when responding and returns dns records with a set propability that corresponds to the weighting. My DNS server does not support this, and my requirements are not that precise. If it doesnt weight perfectly its okay, but it should go into the right direction. I think using the TTL field could be a more elegant and easier solution - and it deosnt require a dns server that controls this dynamically, which saves resources - which is in my opinion the whole point of dns load balancing vs hardware load balancers. My question now is... are there any best prectices / methos / rules of thumb to weight round robin distribution using the TTL attribute of DNS records? Edit: The system is a forward proxy server system. The amount of Bandwidth (not requests) exceeds what one single server with ethernet can handle. So I need a balancing solution that distributes the bandwidth to several servers. Are there any alternative methods than using DNS? Of course I can use a load balancer with fibre channel etc, but the costs are rediciulous and it also increases only the width of the bottleneck and does not eliminate it. The only thing i can think of are anycast (is it anycast or multicast?) ip addresses, but I don't have the means to set up such a system.

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• CISCO 2911 Router configuration

  - by bala

  Device cisco 2911 router configuration support is required please. I have exchange server 2010 configured and working without any errors the problem is in cisco router configuration when exchange server sends emails out the receives WAN IP not the public ip. I have configured RDNS lookups with our MX record IP addesses that match the FQDN but all our emails are rejected because it does not match with the public ip. Receiving mails problem is not an problem all mails are coming through. i am sure i am missing something on the router configuration that does not sends the public ip, can any one help me to solve this issue. Note; I've got 1 WAN IP & 8 Public IP from ISP . Find below the running configuration. Building configuration... Current configuration : 2734 bytes ! ! Last configuration change at 06:32:13 UTC Tue Apr 3 2012 ! NVRAM config last updated at 06:32:14 UTC Tue Apr 3 2012 ! NVRAM config last updated at 06:32:14 UTC Tue Apr 3 2012 version 15.1 service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec service password-encryption ! hostname BSBG-LL ! boot-start-marker boot-end-marker ! ! enable secret 5 $x$xHrxxxxx5ox0 enable password 7 xx23xx5FxxE1xx044 ! no aaa new-model ! no ipv6 cef ip source-route ip cef ! ! ! ! ! ip flow-cache timeout active 1 ip domain name yourdomain.com ip name-server 213.42.20.20 ip name-server 195.229.241.222 multilink bundle-name authenticated ! ! crypto pki token default removal timeout 0 ! ! license udi pid CISCO2911/K9 ! ! username bsbg ! ! ! ! ! ! interface Embedded-Service-Engine0/0 no ip address shutdown ! interface GigabitEthernet0/0 ip address 192.168.0.9 255.255.255.0 ip flow ingress ip nat inside ip virtual-reassembly in duplex auto speed 100 no cdp enable ! interface GigabitEthernet0/1 ip address 213.42.xx.x2 255.255.255.252 ip nat outside ip virtual-reassembly in duplex auto speed auto no cdp enable ! interface GigabitEthernet0/2 no ip address shutdown duplex auto speed auto ! ip forward-protocol nd ! no ip http server no ip http secure-server ! ip nat inside source list 120 interface GigabitEthernet0/1 overload ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.4 25 94.56.89.100 25 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.4 53 94.56.89.100 53 extendable ip nat inside source static udp 192.168.0.4 53 94.56.89.100 53 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.4 110 94.56.89.100 110 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.4 443 94.56.89.100 443 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.4 587 94.56.89.100 587 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.4 995 94.56.89.100 995 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.4 3389 94.56.89.100 3389 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.4 443 94.56.89.101 443 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.12 80 94.56.89.102 80 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.12 443 94.56.89.102 443 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.12 3389 94.56.89.102 3389 extendable ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 213.42.69.41 ! access-list 120 permit ip 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 any ! ! ! control-plane ! ! ! line con 0 exec-timeout 5 0 line aux 0 line 2 no activation-character no exec transport preferred none transport input all transport output pad telnet rlogin lapb-ta mop udptn v120 ssh stopbits 1 line vty 0 4 password 7 xx64xxD530D26086Dxx login transport input all ! scheduler allocate 20000 1000 end

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• Bind: dns not 'spreaded'

  - by realtebo

  I've elfoip.net with bind $ whois elfoip.net | grep 'Name Server' Name Server: NS.ELFOIP.NET I need elfoip.net be able to serve third levels domain, like mickymouse.elfoip.net, etc... Yes, I'm trying to create an other useless dyndns clone. i've added some third level as A RR. Eg: executing this from the server itself $ dig @localhost mattinauno.elfoip.net ;; ANSWER SECTION: mattinauno.elfoip.net. 60 IN A 192.81.221.113 I was expecting in one or two days, from my pc i can digit in browser mattinauno.elfoip.net and get page a 192.81.221.113 But this is not happening. Are there any prerequisites to satisfy to allow dns of my isp to be able to forward dns resolution of *.elfoip.net to MY dns ? (Or to ask to him and then cache ?) TTL of zone is set a 5m I've not AllowQuey directive, is it necessary for other dns to cache from mine ? I've cheched the zone with bind utility named-checkzone but no error detected. How to diagnose why other dns doesn't take in account RR from mine ? from my home pc dig @ns.elfoip.net mattinauno.elfoip.net ;; ANSWER SECTION: mattinauno.elfoip.net. 60 IN A 192.81.221.113 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: elfoip.net. 300 IN NS ns.elfoip.net. but dig @8.8.8.8 mattinauno.elfoip.net give no answers Whole zone file: note I've used nsupdate, so this file has been re-edited and re-formatted from this utility ! root@mirko:/var/named# cat elfoip.net.db $ORIGIN . $TTL 300 ; 5 minutes elfoip.net IN SOA ns.elfoip.net. hostmaster.elfoip.net. ( 2013062314 ; serial 3600 ; refresh (1 hour) 600 ; retry (10 minutes) 86400 ; expire (1 day) 60 ; minimum (1 minute) ) NS ns.elfoip.net. A 109.168.99.6 $ORIGIN elfoip.net. $TTL 60 ; 1 minute google A 173.194.35.56 maiscai A 192.81.221.113 mattinadue A 192.81.221.113 mattinauno A 192.81.221.113 $TTL 300 ; 5 minutes ns A 109.168.99.6 $TTL 60 ; 1 minute prova A 208.67.222.222 prova2 A 13.23.34.45 A 13.23.34.46 www CNAME elfoip.net. EDIT: added named.conf.local zone "elfoip.net" { type master; // file "/etc/bind/elfoip.net.db"; file "/var/named/elfoip.net.db"; allow-update { key elfoip.net ; }; }; EDIT: I've no setup list-on directive *EDIT Added a TCPDUMP after [email protected] wwww.elfoip.net from a machine which uses my company internal dns, who allow recursive query. root@mirko:~# tcpdump -i eth0 'port 53' tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes 11:57:23.293611 IP host9-210-static.22-87-b.business.telecomitalia.it.45958 > mirko.elfoip.net.domain: 61337+ A? www.elfoip.net. (32) 11:57:23.294114 IP mirko.elfoip.net.domain > host9-210-static.22-87-b.business.telecomitalia.it.45958: 61337* 2/1/1 CNAME elfoip.net., A 109.168.99.6 (95) 11:57:23.294554 IP mirko.elfoip.net.59571 > google-public-dns-a.google.com.domain: 45851+ PTR? 9.210.22.87.in-addr.arpa. (42) 11:57:23.330444 IP google-public-dns-a.google.com.domain > mirko.elfoip.net.59571: 45851 1/0/0 PTR host9-210-static.22-87-b.business.telecomitalia.it. (106) 11:57:23.331181 IP mirko.elfoip.net.44171 > google-public-dns-a.google.com.domain: 33339+ PTR? 8.8.8.8.in-addr.arpa. (38) 11:57:23.439405 IP google-public-dns-a.google.com.domain > mirko.elfoip.net.44171: 33339 1/0/0 PTR google-public-dns-a.google.com. (82) 11:57:31.350654 IP host9-210-static.22-87-b.business.telecomitalia.it.30108 > mirko.elfoip.net.domain: 38269 [1au] A? ns.elfoip.net. (42) 11:57:31.351117 IP mirko.elfoip.net.domain > host9-210-static.22-87-b.business.telecomitalia.it.30108: 38269* 1/1/1 A 109.168.99.6 (72) If i dig @8.8.8.8 www.elfoip.net, NOTHING happens in dump log !

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• Setup routing and iptables for new VPN connection to redirect **only** ports 80 and 443

  - by Steve

  I have a new VPN connection (using openvpn) to allow me to route around some ISP restrictions. Whilst it is working fine, it is taking all the traffic over the vpn. This is causing me issues for downloading (my internet connection is a lot faster than the vpn allows), and for remote access. I run an ssh server, and have a daemon running that allows me to schdule downloads via my phone. I have my existing ethernet connection on eth0, and the new VPN connection on tun0. I believe I need to setup the default route to use my existing eth0 connection on the 192.168.0.0/24 network, and set the default gateway to 192.168.0.1 (my knowledge is shaky as I haven't done this for a number of years). If that is correct, then I'm not exactly sure how to do it!. My current routing table is: Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface MSS Window irtt 0.0.0.0 10.51.0.169 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 0 0 0 10.51.0.1 10.51.0.169 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 tun0 0 0 0 10.51.0.169 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 0 0 0 85.25.147.49 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth0 0 0 0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 eth0 0 0 0 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0 0 0 0 After fixing the routing, I believe I need to use iptables to configure prerouting or masquerading to force everything for destination port 80 or 443 over tun0. Again, I'm not exactly sure how to do this! Everything I've found on the internet is trying to do something far more complicated, and trying to sort the wood from the trees is proving difficult. Any help would be much appreciated. UPDATE So far, from the various sources, I've cobbled together the following: #!/bin/sh DEV1=eth0 IP1=`ifconfig|perl -nE'/dr:(\S+)/&&say$1'|grep 192.` GW1=192.168.0.1 TABLE1=internet TABLE2=vpn DEV2=tun0 IP2=`ifconfig|perl -nE'/dr:(\S+)/&&say$1'|grep 10.` GW2=`route -n | grep 'UG[ \t]' | awk '{print $2}'` ip route flush table $TABLE1 ip route flush table $TABLE2 ip route show table main | grep -Ev ^default | while read ROUTE ; do ip route add table $TABLE1 $ROUTE ip route add table $TABLE2 $ROUTE done ip route add table $TABLE1 $GW1 dev $DEV1 src $IP1 ip route add table $TABLE2 $GW2 dev $DEV2 src $IP2 ip route add table $TABLE1 default via $GW1 ip route add table $TABLE2 default via $GW2 echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_dynaddr ip rule add from $IP1 lookup $TABLE1 ip rule add from $IP2 lookup $TABLE2 ip rule add fwmark 1 lookup $TABLE1 ip rule add fwmark 2 lookup $TABLE2 iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o $DEV1 -j SNAT --to-source $IP1 iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o $DEV2 -j SNAT --to-source $IP2 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j CONNMARK --restore-mark iptables -A OUTPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j CONNMARK --restore-mark iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i $DEV1 -m state --state NEW -j CONNMARK --set-mark 1 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i $DEV2 -m state --state NEW -j CONNMARK --set-mark 2 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -m connmark --mark 1 -j MARK --set-mark 1 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -m connmark --mark 2 -j MARK --set-mark 2 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -m state --state NEW -m connmark ! --mark 0 -j CONNMARK --save-mark iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i $DEV2 -m state --state NEW -p tcp --dport 80 -j CONNMARK --set-mark 2 iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i $DEV2 -m state --state NEW -p tcp --dport 443 -j CONNMARK --set-mark 2 route del default route add default gw 192.168.0.1 eth0 Now this seems to be working. Except it isn't! Connections to the blocked websites are going through, connections not on ports 80 and 443 are using the non-VPN connection. However port 80 and 443 connections that aren't to the blocked websites are using the non-VPN connection too! As the general goal has been reached, I'm relatively happy, but it would be nice to know why it isn't working exactly right. Any ideas? For reference, I now have 3 routing tables, main, internet, and vpn. The listing of them is as follows... Main: default via 192.168.0.1 dev eth0 10.38.0.1 via 10.38.0.205 dev tun0 10.38.0.205 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 10.38.0.206 85.removed via 192.168.0.1 dev eth0 169.254.0.0/16 dev eth0 scope link metric 1000 192.168.0.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.0.73 metric 1 Internet: default via 192.168.0.1 dev eth0 10.38.0.1 via 10.38.0.205 dev tun0 10.38.0.205 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 10.38.0.206 85.removed via 192.168.0.1 dev eth0 169.254.0.0/16 dev eth0 scope link metric 1000 192.168.0.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.0.73 metric 1 192.168.0.1 dev eth0 scope link src 192.168.0.73 VPN: default via 10.38.0.205 dev tun0 10.38.0.1 via 10.38.0.205 dev tun0 10.38.0.205 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 10.38.0.206 85.removed via 192.168.0.1 dev eth0 169.254.0.0/16 dev eth0 scope link metric 1000 192.168.0.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.0.73 metric 1

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• Resolve Wrong IP from Domain Name only on certain networks

  - by Godric Seer

  I host a personal website on an old desktop that is LAMP based. There are several strange things about this problem so I will break it down into steps. Since I have a dynamic IP, I use no-ip to make sure I have a working domain name at all times. I use the automatic update client, but logged in and checked and my no-ip domain has the proper IP tied to it. Here is a link to the homepage through the no-ip domain for reference. Also, I do a ping and a traceroute on the no-ip domain and get: [eckertzs@localhost ~]$ ping -c 1 endradil.noip.me PING endradil.noip.me (65.24.215.99) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from endradil.noip.me (65.24.215.99): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=2.23 ms --- endradil.noip.me ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 104ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 2.233/2.233/2.233/0.000 ms [eckertzs@localhost ~]$ traceroute endradil.noip.me traceroute to endradil.noip.me (65.24.215.99), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 . (192.168.2.1) 1.755 ms 5.409 ms 5.380 ms 2 endradil.noip.me (65.24.215.99) 6.297 ms 9.543 ms 10.324 ms Using this domain, I can connect to my webserver without issue or interruption(the https is required to avoid a redirect serverside, but it works). I also have a domain I have bought on GoDaddy where I have a CNAME record forwarding the www subdomain to my no-ip domain. CNAME Record Host: www Points to: endradil.noip.me TTL: 1 hour For the past several weeks, I never had an issue using the GoDaddy domain to connect (ssh or https). As of the past few days, however, the GoDaddy domain has only worked intermittently, for a few minutes at a time and then will go down for hours at a time. I get server not found errors most of the time. Also, if I happen to be using the GoDaddy domain for an ssh connection, the connection will freeze. I have run online tests of the DNS and have seen that the website is visible by external servers and resolved to the correct IP. I also contacted GoDaddy support but they had no issues connecting to the website, and therefore did not see any issues. My personal computers (Windows desktop, linux laptop, android phone) all fail to connect when on my personal wifi. If I disconnect my phone from the wifi and use my AT&T wireless data, it can connect with both domains without issue. When I attempt to use Google webmaster tools to crawl the site using the GoDaddy domain, Google can not find the site. From my linux laptop, I have found some interesting results when I ping or traceroute the domain. The results from these: [eckertzs@localhost ~]$ ping -c 1 www.endradil.com PING www.endradil.com.Belkin (198.105.244.228) 56(84) bytes of data. --- www.endradil.com.Belkin ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 10000ms [eckertzs@localhost ~]$ traceroute www.endradil.com traceroute to www.endradil.com (198.105.244.228), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 . (192.168.2.1) 1.918 ms 2.806 ms 2.772 ms 2 cpe-65-24-208-1.insight.res.rr.com (65.24.208.1) 29.247 ms 29.654 ms 30.094 ms 3 cpe-69-23-24-117.new.res.rr.com (69.23.24.117) 15.597 ms 23.218 ms 23.581 ms 4 agg24.clmcohib01r.midwest.rr.com (65.29.1.52) 30.581 ms 30.556 ms 31.192 ms 5 be27.clevohek01r.midwest.rr.com (65.29.1.38) 30.580 ms 31.062 ms 31.038 ms 6 bu-ether25.atlngamq47w-bcr01.tbone.rr.com (107.14.19.38) 37.863 ms 68.844 ms 43.773 ms 7 107.14.17.178 (107.14.17.178) 51.866 ms 51.019 ms 50.989 ms 8 ae0.pr1.dca10.tbone.rr.com (107.14.17.200) 48.467 ms ae-4-0.a0.lax91.tbone.rr.com (66.109.1.113) 49.912 ms * 9 v413.core1.ash1.he.net (209.51.175.33) 60.270 ms 50.842 ms 50.819 ms 10 100ge5-1.core1.nyc4.he.net (184.105.223.166) 55.597 ms 56.045 ms 56.020 ms 11 xerocole-inc.10gigabitethernet12-4.core1.nyc4.he.net (216.66.41.242) 56.001 ms 55.969 ms 55.992 ms 12 * * * both show the incorrect IP. Also, the traceroute timesout on hops 12 through 255 (output truncated above). The traceroute using site24x7 works and shows reasonable results when run from their california server. From another linux box on a different network but in the same city as me (10 miles away), I still get timeout for traceroute, however the IP resolves correctly for the domain. From this I believe that the DNS result is incorrectly cached in either my router/modem or perhaps even at my ISP level. My question is, first, how do I find out exactly what is wrong, and second, how do I resolve it.

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• Web browsing is fast, but downloads are slow

  - by Ricket

  I work for a company on my university's campus, helping with general IT problems and some web development. But lately there has been a problem that has me and my boss completely stumped. We, plus one contractor, make up the entire IT department, so I'm reaching out to you for help. All around the office, we have wall jacks. These collect in a closet down the hall and all plug into a switch. This switch, along with our individual server jacks, plugs into another switch, and that switch plugs into our firewall hardware. Then the firewall is connected out to our campus network. Our campus internet is, well, very fast. I don't know exactly the terms, tiers, etc., but we have thousands of students and downloads can run as fast as 10 MB/s at night; uploads are sometimes even faster. I think we're practically ISP level. In short, I have a lot of faith that it is not the campus side of things that is causing a problem, combined with other evidence I'll mention in a moment. So our symptoms: web browsing is fast. Web pages, images, etc. load instantly. No problems there. But then when I go to download something, the download starts fast but very quickly (a matter of seconds) drops to nearly 0. Often it will actually drop to 0 and time out. This happens with even very small files, 1 MB or less. It smells to me like a QoS sort of thing. I'm not entirely sure, and I wanted to get your opinions first. My boss is hesitant to touch our firewall, much less let me touch it, and it was set up and is managed by a consultant remotely. These problems don't seem tied to a time of the day. I've tried downloads after 5:00 and still the same thing happens. From my desk, I can turn on my wireless adapter and pick up the campus wireless access point. If I unplug ethernet and connect to it, downloads are fast. This adds to my suspicion that it's limited to our company network. Also, a number of weeks ago the consultant upgraded our firewall firmware. Suddenly everything was very fast. I tested with downloads from Sun and speedtest.net and things were blazing fast, as they should be with our campus internet! It was wonderful, and I figured the slow speeds were an old firmware bug. In a matter of days, things steadily declined until they were back to the old symptoms. Oh, and we have antivirus installed on every computer, and we keep it up to date. Though I suppose the possibility is still there that someone could have spyware which is bogging down our internet, in which case what is the easiest/best way to find this out? (maybe this should go in a separate question) Thank you for your patience in reading all of this. Do you have any ideas as to what I can try? Is this something that you've experienced before? What sort of tools or methods can I use to try and diagnose the problem? P.S. everything here is Windows. Windows Server 2003 and 2008 on our servers, and Windows XP on employees' machines. Update: We are submitting a ticket to the university to just take a look and see if they see anything unusual and/or can suggestion methods for us to try and pinpoint our problem. Hopefully they'll be helpful! I'll update this to let you know what goes on. Update again: We found a hub (yes, a HUB) right between our campus connection and our firewall. It had only those two ethernet cables plugged into it, nothing else. After removing the hub, our speeds have jumped up to several mbps. However in talking with the campus, we got them to run a gigabit line to our firewall in place of the 100mbps line. As of friday, we are at about 65 mbps up and down (according to speedtest.net at 8am)!! Go NC State!!

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• IPV6 causing issue with DNS

  - by Mike Wells

  I have set up an 'internal' DNS at my work, basically we have ourdomain.com that is for internet, email etc and I have created on one of our linux network servers (debian) a DNS using bind9 with the domain ourdomain.inc. So based on my files below and the symptoms I'm describing; what effect could IPV6 be having on my setup? What can I do to fix this? I assume it is not actually the IPV6 causing the issue, but rather something in my setup. These are the critical (I think) files I have modified: named.conf.local zone "ourdomain.inc" { type master; file "/etc/bind/zones/ourdomain.inc.db"; }; zone "201.168.192.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/zones/rev.201.168.192.in-addr.arpa"; }; named.conf.options options { directory "/var/cache/bind"; // If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want // to talk to, you may need to fix the firewall to allow multiple // ports to talk. See http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/800113 // If your ISP provided one or more IP addresses for stable // nameservers, you probably want to use them as forwarders. // Uncomment the following block, and insert the addresses replacing // the all-0's placeholder. forwarders { 1.2.3.4; //IP of our external DNS provider }; auth-nxdomain no; # conform to RFC1035 listen-on-v6 { any; }; }; ourdomain.inc.db $TTL 86400 ourdomain.inc. IN SOA ns1.ipower.com. admin.ourdomain.inc. ( 2006081401 28800 3600 604800 38400 ) serv1 IN A 192.168.201.223 serv2 IN A 192.168.201.220 serv3 IN A 192.168.201.219 ns1.ipower.com. IN A 1.2.3.4 ns2.ipower.com. IN A 1.2.3.5 @ IN NS ns1.ipower.com. @ IN NS ns2.ipower.com. svn IN CNAME serv1 docs IN CNAME serv2 jira IN CNAME serv3 confluence IN CNAME serv3 fisheye IN CNAME serv3 rev.201.168.192.in-addr.arpa $TTL 86400 201.168.192.in-addr.arpa. IN SOA ns1.ipower.com. admin.ourdomain.inc. ( 2006081401; 28800; 604800; 604800; 86400 ) 223 IN PTR serv1 @ IN NS ns1.ipower.com. @ IN NS ns2.ipower.com. named.conf include "/etc/bind/named.conf.options"; include "/etc/bind/named.conf.local"; include "/etc/bind/named.conf.default-zones"; I then made our internal DNS my preferred DNS with the two external DNSs the next in-line. More the most part this seems to work, I can ping svn.ourdomain.inc and it resolves to the correct IP, I can also ping google.com and it also resolves no problem. So all seem good. However, periodically (couple of times a day at least), I loose the ability to ping the svn.domain.inc (and all others defined under the internal DNS). What seem to fix the issue temporarily is to disable IPV6 on the network adapter of the client machine and then re-enable it. Then it works for a bit but will always fail again. System Info Internal DNS Distributor ID: Debian Description: Debian GNU/Linux 6.0.6 (squeeze) Release: 6.0.6 Codename: squeeze Linux 2.6.32-5-686 i686 BIND 9.7.3 PC OS Name: Microsoft Windows 7 Professional OS Version: 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Build 7601 System Type: x64-based PC Network Card(s): 2 NIC(s) Installed. [01]: Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller Connection Name: WORK LAN DHCP Enabled: No IP address(es) [01]: the.ipv4.address [02]: the:ipv6:address The question... So based on my files above and the symptoms I described; what effect could IPV6 be having on my setup? What can I do to fix this? I assume it is not actually the IPV6 causing the issue, but rather something in my setup.

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• Everytime i am trying to connect to my box using SSH, its failing not connecting

  - by YumYumYum

  From any other PC doing SSH to my Ubuntu 11.10,is failing. My network setup: Telenet ISP (Belgium) Fiber cable < RJ45 cable straight to Ubuntu PC Even the SSH is running: Other PC: retrying over and over $ ping 192.168.0.128 PING 192.168.0.128 (192.168.0.128) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.0.226 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.0.226 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.0.226 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.0.226 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable $ sudo service iptables stop Stopping iptables (via systemctl): [ OK ] $ ssh [email protected] ssh: connect to host 192.168.0.128 port 22: No route to host $ ssh [email protected] ssh: connect to host 192.168.0.128 port 22: No route to host $ ssh [email protected] ssh: connect to host 192.168.0.128 port 22: No route to host $ ssh [email protected] ssh: connect to host 192.168.0.128 port 22: No route to host $ ssh [email protected] Connection closed by 192.168.0.128 $ ssh [email protected] [email protected]'s password: Connection closed by UNKNOWN $ ssh [email protected] ssh: connect to host 192.168.0.128 port 22: No route to host $ ssh [email protected] ssh: connect to host 192.168.0.128 port 22: No route to host Follow up: -- checked cable -- using cable tester and other detectors -- no problem found in cable -- used random 10 cables -- adapter is not broken -- checked it using circuit tester by opening the system (card is new so its not network adapter card problem) -- leds are OK showing -- used LiveCD and did same ping test was having same problem -- disabled ipv6 100% to make sure its not the cause -- disabled iptables 100% so its also not the issue -- some more info $ nmap 192.168.0.128 Starting Nmap 5.50 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2012-06-08 19:11 CEST Nmap scan report for 192.168.0.128 Host is up (0.00045s latency). All 1000 scanned ports on 192.168.0.128 are closed (842) or filtered (158) Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 6.86 seconds ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ netstat -aunt | head Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 1 192.168.0.128:58616 74.125.132.99:80 FIN_WAIT1 tcp 0 0 192.168.0.128:56749 199.7.57.72:80 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 1 192.168.0.128:58614 74.125.132.99:80 FIN_WAIT1 tcp 0 0 192.168.0.128:49916 173.194.65.113:443 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 1 192.168.0.128:45699 64.34.119.101:80 SYN_SENT tcp 0 0 192.168.0.128:48404 64.34.119.12:80 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 192.168.0.128:54161 67.201.31.70:80 TIME_WAIT $ sudo killall dnsmasq -- did not solved the problem -- -- like many other Q/A was suggesting this same --- $ iptables --list Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination $ netstat -nr Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 $ ssh -vvv [email protected] OpenSSH_5.6p1, OpenSSL 1.0.0j-fips 10 May 2012 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to 192.168.0.128 [192.168.0.128] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug3: Not a RSA1 key file /home/sun/.ssh/id_rsa. debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----BEGIN' debug3: key_read: missing keytype debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----END' debug3: key_read: missing keytype debug1: identity file /home/sun/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: identity file /home/sun/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/sun/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/sun/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.8p1 Debian-7ubuntu1 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.8p1 Debian-7ubuntu1 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.6 debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 118/256 debug2: bits set: 539/1024 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: host 192.168.0.128 filename /home/sun/.ssh/known_hosts debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: host 192.168.0.128 filename /home/sun/.ssh/known_hosts debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: match line 139 debug1: Host '192.168.0.128' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/sun/.ssh/known_hosts:139 debug2: bits set: 544/1024 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug2: kex_derive_keys debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug2: key: /home/sun/.ssh/id_rsa (0x213db960) debug2: key: /home/sun/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil)) debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,password debug3: preferred gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering RSA public key: /home/sun/.ssh/id_rsa debug3: send_pubkey_test debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug1: Trying private key: /home/sun/.ssh/id_dsa debug3: no such identity: /home/sun/.ssh/id_dsa debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug3: authmethod_lookup password debug3: remaining preferred: ,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password debug1: Next authentication method: password [email protected]'s password: debug3: packet_send2: adding 64 (len 60 padlen 4 extra_pad 64) debug2: we sent a password packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentication succeeded (password). Authenticated to 192.168.0.128 ([192.168.0.128]:22). debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug3: ssh_session2_open: channel_new: 0 debug2: channel 0: send open debug1: Requesting [email protected] debug1: Entering interactive session. debug2: callback start debug2: client_session2_setup: id 0 debug2: channel 0: request pty-req confirm 1 debug1: Sending environment. debug3: Ignored env ORBIT_SOCKETDIR debug3: Ignored env XDG_SESSION_ID debug3: Ignored env HOSTNAME debug3: Ignored env GIO_LAUNCHED_DESKTOP_FILE_PID debug3: Ignored env IMSETTINGS_INTEGRATE_DESKTOP debug3: Ignored env GPG_AGENT_INFO debug3: Ignored env TERM debug3: Ignored env HARDWARE_PLATFORM debug3: Ignored env SHELL debug3: Ignored env DESKTOP_STARTUP_ID debug3: Ignored env HISTSIZE debug3: Ignored env XDG_SESSION_COOKIE debug3: Ignored env GJS_DEBUG_OUTPUT debug3: Ignored env WINDOWID debug3: Ignored env GNOME_KEYRING_CONTROL debug3: Ignored env QTDIR debug3: Ignored env QTINC debug3: Ignored env GJS_DEBUG_TOPICS debug3: Ignored env IMSETTINGS_MODULE debug3: Ignored env USER debug3: Ignored env LS_COLORS debug3: Ignored env SSH_AUTH_SOCK debug3: Ignored env USERNAME debug3: Ignored env SESSION_MANAGER debug3: Ignored env GIO_LAUNCHED_DESKTOP_FILE debug3: Ignored env PATH debug3: Ignored env MAIL debug3: Ignored env DESKTOP_SESSION debug3: Ignored env QT_IM_MODULE debug3: Ignored env PWD debug1: Sending env XMODIFIERS = @im=none debug2: channel 0: request env confirm 0 debug1: Sending env LANG = en_US.utf8 debug2: channel 0: request env confirm 0 debug3: Ignored env KDE_IS_PRELINKED debug3: Ignored env GDM_LANG debug3: Ignored env KDEDIRS debug3: Ignored env GDMSESSION debug3: Ignored env SSH_ASKPASS debug3: Ignored env HISTCONTROL debug3: Ignored env HOME debug3: Ignored env SHLVL debug3: Ignored env GDL_PATH debug3: Ignored env GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID debug3: Ignored env LOGNAME debug3: Ignored env QTLIB debug3: Ignored env CVS_RSH debug3: Ignored env DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS debug3: Ignored env LESSOPEN debug3: Ignored env WINDOWPATH debug3: Ignored env XDG_RUNTIME_DIR debug3: Ignored env DISPLAY debug3: Ignored env G_BROKEN_FILENAMES debug3: Ignored env COLORTERM debug3: Ignored env XAUTHORITY debug3: Ignored env _ debug2: channel 0: request shell confirm 1 debug2: fd 3 setting TCP_NODELAY debug2: callback done debug2: channel 0: open confirm rwindow 0 rmax 32768 debug2: channel_input_status_confirm: type 99 id 0 debug2: PTY allocation request accepted on channel 0 debug2: channel 0: rcvd adjust 2097152 debug2: channel_input_status_confirm: type 99 id 0 debug2: shell request accepted on channel 0 Welcome to Ubuntu 11.10 (GNU/Linux 3.0.0-12-generic x86_64) * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/ 297 packages can be updated. 92 updates are security updates. New release '12.04 LTS' available. Run 'do-release-upgrade' to upgrade to it. Last login: Fri Jun 8 07:45:15 2012 from 192.168.0.226 sun@SystemAX51:~$ ping 19<--------Lost connection again-------------- Tail follow: -- dmesg is showing a very abnormal logs, like Ubuntu is automatically bringing the eth0 up, where eth0 is getting also auto down. [ 2025.897511] r8169 0000:02:00.0: eth0: link up [ 2029.347649] r8169 0000:02:00.0: eth0: link up [ 2030.775556] r8169 0000:02:00.0: eth0: link up [ 2038.242203] r8169 0000:02:00.0: eth0: link up [ 2057.267801] r8169 0000:02:00.0: eth0: link up [ 2062.871770] r8169 0000:02:00.0: eth0: link up [ 2082.479712] r8169 0000:02:00.0: eth0: link up [ 2285.630797] r8169 0000:02:00.0: eth0: link up [ 2308.417640] r8169 0000:02:00.0: eth0: link up [ 2480.948290] r8169 0000:02:00.0: eth0: link up [ 2824.884798] r8169 0000:02:00.0: eth0: link up [ 3030.022183] r8169 0000:02:00.0: eth0: link up [ 3306.587353] r8169 0000:02:00.0: eth0: link up [ 3523.566881] r8169 0000:02:00.0: eth0: link up [ 3619.839585] r8169 0000:02:00.0: eth0: link up [ 3682.154393] nf_conntrack version 0.5.0 (16384 buckets, 65536 max) [ 3899.866854] r8169 0000:02:00.0: eth0: link up [ 4723.978269] r8169 0000:02:00.0: eth0: link up [ 4807.415682] r8169 0000:02:00.0: eth0: link up [ 5101.865686] r8169 0000:02:00.0: eth0: link up How do i fix it? -- http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1959794 $ apt-get install openipml openhpi-plugin-ipml $ openipmish > help redisp_cmd on|off > redisp_cmd on redisp set Final follow up: Step 1: BUG for network card driver r8169 Step 2: get the latest build version http://www.realtek.com/downloads/downloadsView.aspx?Langid=1&PNid=4&PFid=4&Level=5&Conn=4&DownTypeID=3&GetDown=false&Downloads=true#RTL8110SC(L) Step 3: build / make $ cd /var/tmp/driver $ tar xvfj r8169.tar.bz2 $ make clean modules && make install $ rmmod r8169 $ depmod $ cp src/r8169.ko /lib/modules/3.xxxx/kernel/drivers/net/r8169.ko $ modprobe r8169 $ update-initramfs -u $ init 6 Voila!!

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