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  • How to Display result of subquery rows as one column in MySQL?

    - by SIA
    Hi I have three tables Category, Movies and RelCatMov Category-table categoryid, categoryName 1 thriller 2 supsense 3 romantic 4 action 5 sci-fi Movies-table movieid, movieName 1 Avataar 2 Titanic 3 NinjaAssassin RelCatMov-table categoryid, MovieID 1 1 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 Now i Want to display a the record as MovieName Categories Titanic Suspense,Romantic,Sci-fi,action How to do this. I am writing a query select MovieName,(select categoryname from category b,relcatmov c where b.categoryid=c.categoryid and c.movieid=a.movieid) as categories from movies a; Error: Subquery returns more than one row!!! How to display the result of rows in one column? Please help!!!

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  • SQL Server Query Editors - any that warn of number of rows to be changed?

    - by ciaranarcher
    We're using SQL Server 2000 Query Analyser, and one issue we have is that very occasionally, when a user is updating our live database, they insert the incorrect/no(!) where clause. I know, not good, but it happens. Are there any editors that will warn of the number of rows that might be changed (if that is even possible) or even a way to configure an editor, if it is connected to a certain database, to prompt for confirmation before the query is run? We have a way to recover our data in the cases where we run an incorrect query, but it takes time, and I'm just seeing if there are any ways to catch the error, or at least give the user a second chance. Thanks in advance.

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  • MySQL triggers cannot update rows in same table the trigger is assigned to. Suggested workaround?

    - by Cory House
    MySQL doesn't currently support updating rows in the same table the trigger is assigned to since the call could become recursive. Does anyone have suggestions on a good workaround/alternative? Right now my plan is to call a stored procedure that performs the logic I really wanted in a trigger, but I'd love to hear how others have gotten around this limitation. Edit: A little more background as requested. I have a table that stores product attribute assignments. When a new parent product record is inserted, I'd like the trigger to perform a corresponding insert in the same table for each child record. This denormalization is necessary for performance. MySQL doesn't support this and throws: Can't update table 'mytable' in stored function/trigger because it is already used by statement which invoked this stored function/trigger. A long discussion on the issue on the MySQL forums basically lead to: Use a stored proc, which is what I went with for now. Thanks in advance!

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  • How do I select differing rows in two MySQL tables with the same structure?

    - by chiborg
    I have two tables, A and B, that have the same structure (about 30+ fields). Is there a short, elegant way to join these tables and only select rows where one or more columns differ? I could certainly write some script that creates the query with all the column names but maybe there is an SQL-only solution. To put it another way: Is there a short substitute to this: SELECT * FROM table_a a JOIN table_b b ON a.pkey=b.pkey WHERE a.col1 != b.col2 OR a.col2 != b.col2 OR a.col3 != b.col3 # .. repeat for 30 columns

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  • Get the last N rows in the database in order?

    - by Kristopher
    Let's say I have the following database table: record_id | record_date | record_value -----------+-------------+-------------- 1 | 2010-05-01 | 195.00 2 | 2010-07-01 | 185.00 3 | 2010-09-01 | 175.00 4 | 2010-05-01 | 189.00 5 | 2010-06-01 | 185.00 6 | 2010-07-01 | 180.00 7 | 2010-08-01 | 175.00 8 | 2010-09-01 | 170.00 9 | 2010-10-01 | 165.00 I want to grab the last 5 rows with the data ordered by record_date ASC. This is easy to do with: SELECT * FROM mytable ORDER BY record_date ASC LIMIT 5 OFFSET 4 Which would give me: record_id | record_date | record_value -----------+-------------+-------------- 6 | 2010-07-01 | 180.00 7 | 2010-08-01 | 175.00 3 | 2010-09-01 | 175.00 8 | 2010-09-01 | 170.00 9 | 2010-10-01 | 165.00 But how do I do this when I don't know how many records there are and can't compute the magic number of 4? I've tried this query, but if there are less than 5 records, it results in a negative OFFSET, which is invalid: SELECT * FROM mytable ORDER BY record_date ASC LIMIT 5 OFFSET (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM mytable) - 5; So how do I accomplish this?

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  • How can I update many rows with SQL in a single table?

    - by tmarouda
    Hi folks. I have a table and one of the columns holds web addresses like: 'http://...' or 'https://...'. The problem is that there are some invalid entries, like 'shttp://...' or '#http//...' (the first character is invalid) and I want to correct all of them. I use the following SQL statement: 'SELECT [...] FROM MyTable WHERE WebAddress LIKE '_http%' and I successfuly get the problematic rows. But how am I going to change/correct all of them using an UPDATE statement? If you have some other solution please share it!

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  • Trigger an action to increment all rows of an int column which are greater than or equal to the inserted row

    - by Dev
    I am performing some insertion to an SQL table with has three columns and several rows of data The three columns are Id,Product,ProductOrder with the following data Id Product ProductOrder 1 Dell 1 2 HP 3 3 lenovo 2 4 Apple 10 Now, I would like a trigger which fires an action and increments all the ProductOrders by 1which are greater than or equal to the inserted ProductOrder. For example, I am inserting a record with Id=5 Product=Sony, ProductOrder=2 Then it should look for all the products with ProductOrder greater than or equal to 2 and increment them by 1. So, the resultant data in the SQL table should be as follows Id Product ProductOrder 1 Dell 1 2 HP 4 3 lenovo 3 4 Apple 11 5 Sony 2 From above we can see that ProductOrder which are equal or greater than the inserted are incremented by 1 like HP,Lenovo,Apple May I know a way to implement this?

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  • How do I select a fixed number of rows for each group?

    - by Maiasaura
    Here is some example data in a mysql table a b distance 15 44 250 94 31 250 30 41 250 6 1 250 95 18 250 72 84 500 14 23 500 55 24 500 95 8 500 59 25 500 40 73 500 65 85 500 32 50 500 31 39 500 22 25 500 37 11 750 98 39 750 15 57 750 9 22 750 14 44 750 69 22 750 62 50 750 89 35 750 67 65 750 74 37 750 52 36 750 66 53 750 82 74 1000 79 22 1000 98 41 1000 How do I query this table such that I get 2 rows per distance selected at random? A successful query will produce something like a b distance 30 41 250 95 18 250 59 25 500 65 85 500 15 57 750 89 35 750 79 22 1000 98 41 1000

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  • Is there a macro or a way to conditionally copy rows from one or more worksheet to another in Excel 2007

    - by marison
    I'm pulling a list of data from two or more excel file into one with some specific condition. For Eg: File1 Date Project ID Engineer 8/2/2008 XYZ T0908-5555 JS 9/4/2008 ABC T0908-6666 DF 9/5/2008 ZZZ T0908-7777 TS 9/4/2008 ABC T0908-1111 DF 9/5/2008 POR T0908-7777 MS 9/4/2008 ABC T0908-2222 DD File 2 Date Project ID Engineer 8/2/2008 ABC T1908-5555 JS 9/4/2008 XYZ T1908-6666 DF 9/5/2008 ABC T1908-7777 TS 9/4/2008 ZZZ T1908-1111 DF 9/5/2008 POR T1908-7777 MS 9/4/2008 ABC T1908-2222 DD I want Data from both file1 and file2 in a new excel with only those rows whose Project ID= "ABC". And the path of file1 and file2 will be changed on daily basis. Kindly help.....

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  • Using IPrinciple.Identity.Name as a key in a dataBase to identify user's rows.

    - by bplus
    I'm writing a small intranet app that uses Windows Authentication and Asp.Net MVC. I need to store various bits of data in a db against each user. As far as I can tell the IPrinciple object does not seem to have something like a unique id. So I was thinking I could just use User.Identity.Name as a unique value to identify rows in my db. Is this a bad idea? Is there an alternative to this approach? Thanks for any help.

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  • How to tell a UITableView to preload all Rows?

    - by Infinite
    Is there a way to tell a UITableView to preload all rows? The tableView is supposed to show several comments (up to 80 comments). So my CommentCell uses a Setter to adapt the cell to a specific comment. -(void)setComment:(Comment *)newComment { if (newComment != comment) { [comment release]; comment = [newComment retain]; /* * set the cells view variables here */ } } This specific setter takes quite a bunch of processing resources and scrolling gets kinda laggy. I am using a comment-specific reuseIdentifier instead of a static cellIdentifier when calling dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier: in order to assure, that "newComment" equals the old "comment". And in fact this does work great when scrolling over cells which have already been loaded. But when scrolling through the comments for the first time, it still lags like hell. Which leads me to my question: Is there a way to tell the tableview to preload all cells? (which I doubt) or Do I have to implement my own cache instead of relying on "dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:"?

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  • Is WinForms ListView in VirtualMode limited to 100,000,000 rows?

    - by damageboy
    I have some grid scenario with 500,000,000 rows I would like to display in ListView. If I artificially limit my ListView to display 100,000,000: _listView.VirtualListSize = _data.Count; if (_listView.VirtualListSize > 100000000) _listView.VirtualListSize = 100000000; Everything works fine (In VirtualMode naturally). When I change my code to: _listView.VirtualListSize = _data.Count; if (_listView.VirtualListSize > 100000001) _listView.VirtualListSize = 100000001; The ListView display an empty grid... Is this a Microsoft Bug? Where is this coming from? Is this a Win32 ListView limitation? Most importantly, why is this not documented?

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  • MVC 1.0 + EF: Does db.EntitySet.where(something) still return all rows in table?

    - by Dale
    In a repository, I do this: public AgenciesDonor FindPrimary(Guid donorId) { return db.AgenciesDonorSet.Include("DonorPanels").Include("PriceAdjustments").Include("Donors").First(x => x.Donors.DonorId == donorId && x.IsPrimary); } then down in another method in the same repository, this: AgenciesDonor oldPrimary = this.FindPrimary(donorId); In the debugger, the resultsview shows all records in that table, but: oldPrimary.Count(); is 1 (which it should be). Why am I seeing all table entries retrieved, and not just 1? I thought row filtering was done in the DB. If db.EntitySet really does fetch everything to the client, what's the right way to keep the client data-lite using EF? Fetching all rows won't scale for what I'm doing.

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  • What value should .net SqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery() return if no rows are affected?

    - by peacedog
    I have the following code: int result = -1; StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); SqlCommand cmd = MyConnection. sb.AppendLine("delete from Table1 where ID in"); sb.AppendLine("(select id from Table1 t1 where not exists(select * from Table2 t2 where t2.Table1ID = t1.ID))"); cmd.CommandText = sb.ToString(); result = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); _log.Info("StoredXMLDocument Records Deleted: " + result.ToString()); That SQL, in a more readable format, is: delete from Table1 where ID in (select id from Table1 t1 where not exists(select * from Table2 t2 where t2.Table1ID = t1.ID)) I know that the SQL, when executed directly in the database, deletes no rows. When this code runs, however, result gets a value of 1. I was expecting it to be 0. Am I missing something? Why is it 1?

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  • Dynamic SQL Rows & Columns...cells require subsequent query. Best approach?

    - by Pyrrhonist
    I have the following tables below City --------- CityID StateID Name Description Reports --------- ReportID HeaderID FooterID Description I’m trying to generate a grid for use in a .Net control (Gridview, Listview…separate issue about which will be the ‘best’ one to use for my purposes) which will assign the reports as the columns and the cities as the rows. Which cities get displayed is based on the state selected, and is easy enough SELECT * FROM CITIES WHERE STATEID=@StateID However, the user is able to select which reports are being generated for each City (Demographics, Sales, Land Area, etc.). Further, the resultant cells (City * Report) is a sub-query on different tables based on the city selected and the report. Ie. Column Sales selected yields SELECT * FROM SALES WHERE CITYID=@CityID I’ve programmed a VERY inelegant solution using multiple queries and brute-forcing the grid to be created (line by line, row by row creation of data elements), but I’m positive there’s got to be a better way of accomplishing this…? Any / all suggestions appreciated here as the brute force approach I’ve gotten is slow and cumbersome…and this will have to be used often by the client, so I’m not sure it’ll be acceptable in it’s current implementation.

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  • Can I lock rows in a cursor if the cursor only returns a single count(*) row?

    - by RenderIn
    I would like to restrict users from inserting more than 3 records with color = 'Red' in my FOO table. My intentions are to A) retrieve the current count so that I can determine whether another record is allowed and B) prevent any other processes from inserting any Red records while this one is in process, hence the for update of. I'd like to do something like: cursor cur_cnt is select count(*) cnt from foo where foo.color = 'Red' for update of foo.id; Will this satisfy both my requirements or will it not lock only the rows in the count(*) who had foo.color = 'Red'?

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  • How do you DELETE rows in a mysql table that have a field IN the results of another query?

    - by user354825
    here's what the statement looks like: DELETE FROM videoswatched vw2 WHERE vw2.userID IN ( SELECT vw.userID FROM videoswatched vw JOIN users u ON vw.userID=u.userID WHERE u.companyID = 1000 GROUP BY userID ) that looks decent to me, and the SELECT statement works on its own (producing rows with a single column 'userID'. basically, i want to delete entries in the 'videoswatched' table where the userID in the videoswatched entry, after joining to the users table, is found to have companyID=1000. how can i do this without getting the error in my sql syntax? it says the error is near: vw2 WHERE vw2.userID IN ( SELECT vw.userID FROM videoswatched vw JOIN users u and on line 1. thanks!

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  • it is possible to "group by" without losing the original rows?

    - by toPeerOrNotToPeer
    i have a query like this: ID | name | commentsCount 1 | mysql for dummies | 33 2 | mysql beginners guide | 22 SELECT ..., commentsCount // will return 33 for first row, 22 for second one FROM mycontents WHERE name LIKE "%mysql%" also i want to know the total of comments, of all rows: SELECT ..., SUM(commentsCount) AS commentsCountAggregate // should return 55 FROM mycontents WHERE name LIKE "%mysql%" but this one obviously returns a single row with the total. now i want to merge these two queries in one single only, because my actual query is very heavy to execute (it uses boolean full text search, substring offset search, and sadly lot more), then i don't want to execute it twice is there a way to get the total of comments without making the SELECT twice? !! custom functions are welcome !! also variable usage is welcome, i never used them...

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  • best method in jquery for replacing rows in a table after server side processing such as mysql sorti

    - by Kevin J
    What is the 'best practice' when returning dynamic data for a table (server side sorting, filtering etc from a db) ? Do you return just the data in json, and repeatedly clone a row element, replacing the values in each row (thus decreasing the size of the ajax call, but increasing the client side processing), or return the full html, and replace with .html or .append? Or is there another method I'm missing? This is a frequent situation in my app, and in some cases a bottleneck, and I am unsure if what I am doing is the best solution. Currently, I return the row html and use a single .append call, after emptying all the rows except the header.

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  • How to split row into multiple rows from the MySQL?

    - by user2818537
    I have a MySQL data table, in which I have more than 2 columns. First column has a unique value clinical trial value whereas second column has disease information. There are, in most of the cases, more than 2 disease names in one cell for a single id. I want to spilt those rows which cell contains two or more than two diseases. There is a pattern for searching also, i.e. small character is immediately followed by capital character., e.g. MalariaDengueTuberculosis like this. Suppose for these three diseases there is unique id, it should show like the following: NCT-ID disease 4534343654 Maleria 4534343654 Dengue 4534343654 Tubercoulsosis

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  • Removing rows from MySQL table where the timestamp is over one day old?

    - by Rob
    I found the exact same question here. But it isn't working for me. I've modified it a bit, manipulated it, and I can't figure it out. I'm trying to remove rows that are over a day old. Here is my code: if (isset($_POST['prune'])) { $sql = "DELETE FROM logs WHERE time < date('now', '-1 days')"; mysql_query($sql); echo 'Logs older than one day removed.'; } Fairly simple question I suppose, but its bugging the hell out of me. I would appreciate any help. In case it makes a difference, the column is a TIMESTAMP type.

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  • How do database servers decide which order to return rows without any "order by" statements?

    - by Chris
    Kind of a whimsical question, always something I've wondered about and I figure knowing why it does what it does might deepen my understanding a bit. Let's say I do "SELECT TOP 10 * FROM TableName". In short timeframes, the same 10 rows come back, so it doesn't seem random. They weren't the first or last created. In my massive sample size of...one table, it isn't returning the min or max auto-incrementing primary key value. I also figure the problem gets more complex when taking joins into account. My database of choice is MSSQL, but I figure this might be an interesting question regardless of the platform.

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  • How To - Guide to Importing Data from a MySQL Database to Excel using MySQL for Excel

    - by Javier Treviño
    Fetching data from a database to then get it into an Excel spreadsheet to do analysis, reporting, transforming, sharing, etc. is a very common task among users. There are several ways to extract data from a MySQL database to then import it to Excel; for example you can use the MySQL Connector/ODBC to configure an ODBC connection to a MySQL database, then in Excel use the Data Connection Wizard to select the database and table from which you want to extract data from, then specify what worksheet you want to put the data into.  Another way is to somehow dump a comma delimited text file with the data from a MySQL table (using the MySQL Command Line Client, MySQL Workbench, etc.) to then in Excel open the file using the Text Import Wizard to attempt to correctly split the data in columns. These methods are fine, but involve some degree of technical knowledge to make the magic happen and involve repeating several steps each time data needs to be imported from a MySQL table to an Excel spreadsheet. So, can this be done in an easier and faster way? With MySQL for Excel you can. MySQL for Excel features an Import MySQL Data action where you can import data from a MySQL Table, View or Stored Procedure literally with a few clicks within Excel.  Following is a quick guide describing how to import data using MySQL for Excel. This guide assumes you already have a working MySQL Server instance, Microsoft Office Excel 2007 or 2010 and MySQL for Excel installed. 1. Opening MySQL for Excel Being an Excel Add-In, MySQL for Excel is opened from within Excel, so to use it open Excel, go to the Data tab located in the Ribbon and click MySQL for Excel at the far right of the Ribbon. 2. Creating a MySQL Connection (may be optional) If you have MySQL Workbench installed you will automatically see the same connections that you can see in MySQL Workbench, so you can use any of those and there may be no need to create a new connection. If you want to create a new connection (which normally you will do only once), in the Welcome Panel click New Connection, which opens the Setup New Connection dialog. Here you only need to give your new connection a distinctive Connection Name, specify the Hostname (or IP address) where the MySQL Server instance is running on (if different than localhost), the Port to connect to and the Username for the login. If you wish to test if your setup is good to go, click Test Connection and an information dialog will pop-up stating if the connection is successful or errors were found. 3.Opening a connection to a MySQL Server To open a pre-configured connection to a MySQL Server you just need to double-click it, so the Connection Password dialog is displayed where you enter the password for the login. 4. Selecting a MySQL Schema After opening a connection to a MySQL Server, the Schema Selection Panel is shown, where you can select the Schema that contains the Tables, Views and Stored Procedures you want to work with. To do so, you just need to either double-click the desired Schema or select it and click Next >. 5. Importing data… All previous steps were really the basic minimum needed to drill-down to the DB Object Selection Panel  where you can see the Database Objects (grouped by type: Tables, Views and Procedures in that order) that you want to perform actions against; in the case of this guide, the action of importing data from them. a. From a MySQL Table To import from a Table you just need to select it from the list of Database Objects’ Tables group, after selecting it you will note actions below the list become available; then click Import MySQL Data. The Import Data dialog is displayed; you can see some basic information here like the name of the Excel worksheet the data will be imported to (in the window title), the Table Name, the total Row Count and a 10 row preview of the data meant for the user to see the columns that the table contains and to provide a way to select which columns to import. The Import Data dialog is designed with defaults in place so all data is imported (all rows and all columns) by just clicking Import; this is important to minimize the number of clicks needed to get the job done. After the import is performed you will have the data in the Excel worksheet formatted automatically. If you need to override the defaults in the Import Data dialog to change the columns selected for import or to change the number of imported rows you can easily do so before clicking Import. In the screenshot below the defaults are overridden to import only the first 3 columns and rows 10 – 60 (Limit to 50 Rows and Start with Row 10). If the number of rows to be imported exceeds the maximum number of rows Excel can hold in its worksheet, a warning will be displayed in the dialog, meaning the imported number of rows will be limited by that maximum number (65,535 rows if the worksheet is in Compatibility Mode).  In the screenshot below you can see the Table contains 80,559 rows, but only 65,534 rows will be imported since the first row is used for the column names if the Include Column Names as Headers checkbox is checked. b. From a MySQL View Similar to the way of importing from a Table, to import from a View you just need to select it from the list of Database Objects’ Views group, then click Import MySQL Data. The Import Data dialog is displayed; identically to the way everything looks when importing from a table, the dialog displays the View Name, the total Row Count and the data preview grid. Since Views are really a filtered way to display data from Tables, it is actually as if we are extracting data from a Table; so the Import Data dialog is actually identical for those 2 Database Objects. After the import is performed, the data in the Excel spreadsheet looks like the following screenshot. Note that you can override the defaults in the Import Data dialog in the same way described above for importing data from Tables. Also the Compatibility Mode warning will be displayed if data exceeds the maximum number of rows explained before. c. From a MySQL Procedure Too import from a Procedure you just need to select it from the list of Database Objects’ Procedures group (note you can see Procedures here but not Functions since these return a single value, so by design they are filtered out). After the selection is made, click Import MySQL Data. The Import Data dialog is displayed, but this time you can see it looks different to the one used for Tables and Views.  Given the nature of Store Procedures, they require first that values are supplied for its Parameters and also Procedures can return multiple Result Sets; so the Import Data dialog shows the Procedure Name and the Procedure Parameters in a grid where their values are input. After you supply the Parameter Values click Call. After calling the Procedure, the Result Sets returned by it are displayed at the bottom of the dialog; output parameters and the return value of the Procedure are appended as the last Result Set of the group. You can see each Result Set is displayed as a tab so you can see a preview of the returned data.  You can specify if you want to import the Selected Result Set (default), All Result Sets – Arranged Horizontally or All Result Sets – Arranged Vertically using the Import drop-down list; then click Import. After the import is performed, the data in the Excel spreadsheet looks like the following screenshot.  Note in this example all Result Sets were imported and arranged vertically. As you can see using MySQL for Excel importing data from a MySQL database becomes an easy task that requires very little technical knowledge, so it can be done by any type of user. Hope you enjoyed this guide! Remember that your feedback is very important for us, so drop us a message: MySQL on Windows (this) Blog - https://blogs.oracle.com/MySqlOnWindows/ Forum - http://forums.mysql.com/list.php?172 Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/mysql Cheers!

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  • how to do event checks for loops?

    - by yao jiang
    I am having some trouble getting the logic down for this. Currently, I have an app that animates the astar pathfinding algorithm. On start of the app, the ui will show the following: User can press "space" to randomly choose start/end coords, then the app will animate it. Or, user can choose the start/end by left-click/right-click. During the animation, the user can also left-click to generate blocks, or right-click to choose a new destiantion. Where I am stuck at is how to handle the events while the app is animating. Right now, I am checking events in the main loop, then when the app is animating, I do event checks again. While it works fine, I feel that I am probably doing it wrong. What is the proper way of setting up the main loop that will handle the events while the app is animating? In main loop, the app start animating once user choose start/end. In my draw function, I am putting another event checker in there. def clear(rows): for r in range(rows): for c in range(rows): if r%3 == 1 and c%3 == 1: color = brown; grid[r][c] = 1; buildCoor.append(r); buildCoor.append(c); else: color = white; grid[r][c] = 0; pick_image(screen, color, width*c, height*r); pygame.display.flip(); os.system('cls'); # draw out the grid def draw(start, end, grid, route_coord): # draw the end coords color = red; pick_image(screen, color, width*end[1],height*end[0]); pygame.display.flip(); # then draw the rest of the route for i in range(len(route_coord)): # pausing because we want animation time.sleep(speed); # get the x/y coords x,y = route_coord[i]; event_on = False; if grid[x][y] == 2: color = green; elif grid[x][y] == 3: color = blue; for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: if event.button == 3: print "destination change detected, rerouting"; # get mouse position, px coords pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos(); # get grid coord c = pos[0] // width; r = pos[1] // height; grid[r][c] = 4; end = [r, c]; elif event.button == 1: print "user generated event"; pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos(); # get grid coord c = pos[0] // width; r = pos[1] // height; # mark it as a block for now grid[r][c] = 1; event_on = True; if check_events([x,y]) or event_on: # there is an event # mark it as a block for now grid[y][x] = 1; pick_image(screen, event_x, width*y, height*x); pygame.display.flip(); # then find a new route new_start = route_coord[i-1]; marked_grid, route_coord = find_route(new_start, end, grid); draw(new_start, end, grid, route_coord); return; # just end draw here so it wont throw the "index out of range" error elif grid[x][y] == 4: color = red; pick_image(screen, color, width*y, height*x); pygame.display.flip(); # clear route coord list, otherwise itll just add more unwanted coords route_coord_list[:] = []; clear(rows); # main loop while not done: # check the events for event in pygame.event.get(): # mouse events if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: # get mouse position, px coords pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos(); # get grid coord c = pos[0] // width; r = pos[1] // height; # find which button pressed, highlight grid accordingly if event.button == 1: # left click, start coords if grid[r][c] == 2: grid[r][c] = 0; color = white; elif grid[r][c] == 0 or grid[r][c] == 4: grid[r][c] = 2; start = [r,c]; color = green; else: grid[r][c] = 1; color = brown; elif event.button == 3: # right click, end coords if grid[r][c] == 4: grid[r][c] = 0; color = white; elif grid[r][c] == 0 or grid[r][c] == 2: grid[r][c] = 4; end = [r,c]; color = red; else: grid[r][c] = 1; color = brown; pick_image(screen, color, width*c, height*r); # keyboard events elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: clear(rows); # one way to quit program if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE: print "program will now exit."; done = True; # space key for random start/end elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE: # first clear the ui clear(rows); # now choose random start/end coords buildLoc = zip(buildCoor,buildCoor[1:])[::2]; #print buildLoc; (start_x, start_y, end_x, end_y) = pick_point(); while (start_x, start_y) in buildLoc or (end_x, end_y) in buildLoc: (start_x, start_y, end_x, end_y) = pick_point(); clear(rows); print "chosen random start/end coords: ", (start_x, start_y, end_x, end_y); if (start_x, start_y) in buildLoc or (end_x, end_y) in buildLoc: print "error"; # draw the route marked_grid, route_coord = find_route([start_x,start_y],[end_x,end_y], grid); draw([start_x, start_y], [end_x, end_y], marked_grid, route_coord); # return key for user defined start/end elif event.key == pygame.K_RETURN: # first clear the ui clear(rows); # get the user defined start/end print "user defined start/end are: ", (start[0], start[1], end[0], end[1]); grid[start[0]][start[1]] = 1; grid[end[0]][end[1]] = 2; # draw the route marked_grid, route_coord = find_route(start, end, grid); draw(start, end, marked_grid, route_coord); # c to clear the screen elif event.key == pygame.K_c: print "clearing screen."; clear(rows); # go fullscreen elif event.key == pygame.K_f: if not full_sc: pygame.display.set_mode([1366, 768], pygame.FULLSCREEN); full_sc = True; rows = 15; clear(rows); else: pygame.display.set_mode(size); full_sc = False; # +/- key to change speed of animation elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFTBRACKET: if speed >= 0.1: print SPEED_UP; speed = speed_up(speed); print speed; else: print FASTEST; print speed; elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHTBRACKET: if speed < 1.0: print SPEED_DOWN; speed = slow_down(speed); print speed; else: print SLOWEST print speed; # second method to quit program elif event.type == pygame.QUIT: print "program will now exit."; done = True; # limit to 20 fps clock.tick(20); # update the screen pygame.display.flip();

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  • ?Oracle????SELECT????UNDO

    - by Liu Maclean(???)
    ????????Oracle?????(dirty read),?Oracle??????Asktom????????Oracle???????, ???undo??????????(before image)??????Consistent, ???????????????Oracle????????????? ????????? ??,??,Oracle?????????????RDBMS,???????????? ?????????2?????: _offline_rollback_segments or _corrupted_rollback_segments ?2?????????Oracle???????????ORA-600[4XXX]???????????????,???2??????Undo??Corruption????????????,?????2????????????????? ??????????????_offline_rollback_segments ? _corrupted_rollback_segments ?2?????: ???????(FORCE OPEN DATABASE) ????????????(consistent read & delayed block cleanout) ??????rollback segment??? ?????:???????Oracle????????,??????????2?????,?????????????!! _offline_rollback_segments ? _corrupted_rollback_segments ???????????: ??2???????Undo Segments(???/???)????????online ?UNDO$???????????OFFLINE??? ???instance??????????????????? ??????Undo Segments????????active transaction????????????dead??SMON???(????????SMON??(?):Recover Dead transaction) _OFFLINE_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS(offline undo segment list)????(hidden parameter)?????: ???startup???open database???????_OFFLINE_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS????Undo segments(???/???),?????undo segments????????alert.log???TRACE?????,???????startup?? ?????????????,?ITL?????undo segments?: ???undo segments?transaction table?????????????????? ???????????commit,?????CR??? ????undo segments????(???corrupted??,???missed??)???????????alert.log,??????? ?DML?????????????????????????????????CPU,????????????????????? _CORRUPTED_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS(corrupted undo segment list)??????????: ?????startup?open database???_CORRUPTED_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS????undo segments(???/???)???????? ???????_CORRUPTED_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS???undo segments????????????commit,???undo segments???drop??? ??????????? ??????????????????,?????????????????? ??bootstrap???????????,?????????ORA-00704: bootstrap process failure??,???????????(???Oracle????:??ORA-00600:[4000] ORA-00704: bootstrap process failure????) ??????_CORRUPTED_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS????????????????????,??????????????? Oracle???????TXChecker??????????? ???????2?????,??????????????_CORRUPTED_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS?????SELECT????UNDO???????: SQL> alter system set event= '10513 trace name context forever, level 2' scope=spfile; System altered. SQL> alter system set "_in_memory_undo"=false scope=spfile; System altered. 10513 level 2 event????SMON ??rollback ??? dead transaction _in_memory_undo ?? in memory undo ?? SQL> startup force; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 3140026368 bytes Fixed Size 2232472 bytes Variable Size 1795166056 bytes Database Buffers 1325400064 bytes Redo Buffers 17227776 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. session A: SQL> conn maclean/maclean Connected. SQL> create table maclean tablespace users as select 1 t1 from dual connect by level exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('','MACLEAN'); PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> set autotrace on; SQL> select sum(t1) from maclean; SUM(T1) ---------- 501 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 1679547536 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 3 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 3 | | | | 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| MACLEAN | 501 | 1503 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 1 recursive calls 0 db block gets 3 consistent gets 0 physical reads 0 redo size 515 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 492 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processe ???????????,????current block, ????????,consistent gets??3? SQL> update maclean set t1=0; 501 rows updated. SQL> alter system checkpoint; System altered. ??session A?commit; ???? session: SQL> conn maclean/maclean Connected. SQL> SQL> set autotrace on; SQL> select sum(t1) from maclean; SUM(T1) ---------- 501 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 1679547536 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 3 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 3 | | | | 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| MACLEAN | 501 | 1503 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 recursive calls 0 db block gets 505 consistent gets 0 physical reads 108 redo size 515 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 492 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processed ?????? ?????????undo??CR?,???consistent gets??? 505 [oracle@vrh8 ~]$ ps -ef|grep LOCAL=YES |grep -v grep oracle 5841 5839 0 09:17 ? 00:00:00 oracleG10R25 (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq))) [oracle@vrh8 ~]$ kill -9 5841 ??session A???Server Process????,???dead transaction ????smon?? select ktuxeusn, to_char(sysdate, 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS') "Time", ktuxesiz, ktuxesta from x$ktuxe where ktuxecfl = 'DEAD'; KTUXEUSN Time KTUXESIZ KTUXESTA ---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------------- 2 06-AUG-2012 09:20:45 7 ACTIVE ???1?active rollback segment SQL> conn maclean/maclean Connected. SQL> set autotrace on; SQL> select sum(t1) from maclean; SUM(T1) ---------- 501 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 1679547536 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 3 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 3 | | | | 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| MACLEAN | 501 | 1503 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 recursive calls 0 db block gets 411 consistent gets 0 physical reads 108 redo size 515 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 492 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processed ????? ????kill?? ???smon ??dead transaction , ???????????? ?????undo??????? ????active?rollback segment??? SQL> select segment_name from dba_rollback_segs where segment_id=2; SEGMENT_NAME ------------------------------ _SYSSMU2$ SQL> alter system set "_corrupted_rollback_segments"='_SYSSMU2$' scope=spfile; System altered. ? _corrupted_rollback_segments ?? ???2?rollback segment, ????????undo SQL> startup force; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 3140026368 bytes Fixed Size 2232472 bytes Variable Size 1795166056 bytes Database Buffers 1325400064 bytes Redo Buffers 17227776 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> conn maclean/maclean Connected. SQL> set autotrace on; SQL> select sum(t1) from maclean; SUM(T1) ---------- 94 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 1679547536 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 3 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 3 | | | | 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| MACLEAN | 501 | 1503 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 228 recursive calls 0 db block gets 29 consistent gets 5 physical reads 116 redo size 514 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 492 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 4 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processed SQL> / SUM(T1) ---------- 94 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 1679547536 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 3 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 3 | | | | 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| MACLEAN | 501 | 1503 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 recursive calls 0 db block gets 3 consistent gets 0 physical reads 0 redo size 514 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 492 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processed ?????? consistent gets???3,?????????????????,??ITL???UNDO SEGMENTS?_corrupted_rollback_segments????,???????????COMMIT??,????UNDO? ???????,?????????????????????????(????????????????????),????????????????? ???? , ?????

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